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Ch. 45 Grammar Cards Grammar CARDS for Ecce Romani Book II, page 1 How to make cards: all the information is given to you. Simply copy down the information in the simulated cards below onto your real index cards. The act of writing out the info should encourage comprehension of that info, or at the very least you have made study cards for tests and midterms and finals. Eugepae! Note below that the info on the cards below is given horizontally, the left box = the front of the card, while the right box = the back of the card. An Example: [Front Side of Card A] [Back side of Card A] Who was the 1st Roman o Augustus Caesar emperor? Ch. # CHAPTER 45 What is in Chapter 45? Pyramus and Thisbe o Future Active Participles o Verbs: Participles (Consolidation) o Chart on page 185: compares Latin Participles o Chart on page 186: Latin deponent Participles Myth VI: Ovid’s Metamorphoses Roman Life XXVI: Lovers’ Graffiti Ch. 45 o Word Study XI: Diminutive Suffixes; Frequentative Verbs I know… The Chapter that the Future Active Participle is created by going to the 4th principal part of the verb and adding –ūr- before the endings 45 that the Future Active Participle (FAP) is a 2-1-2 adjective (& declines like bonus/a/um) Checklist: that the translation of the FAP is “going to verb” or “about to verb” or “determined to verb” that the Relative Time of the FAP to the Main Verb in the sentence is always more future: TIME SUBSEQUENT the chart on page 185 which compares Latin participles the chart on page 186 which gives examples of deponent Latin Ch. 45 participles with English translations The Future o FORMS: for all normal verbs, go to the 4th principal part or the Perfect participle stem + -ūr- + -us/a/um, etc. For deponent Active Participle verbs, go to the perfect participle & add -ūr- before the -us/- a/-um, etc o Translation (literal): “about to verb”, “going to verb”, “intending/determined to verb” o Translation (contextual): add any of the contextual translations that we have studied for participles: “who, which, Ch. 45 when, as, while, because, since, although, if” Ch. 45 Grammar Cards Grammar CARDS for Ecce Romani Book II, page 2 The distinctive sound of the FAP -ūr- Ch. 45 What is “bizarre” about o It is bizarre that the FAP is created from the PPP. the form of the Future o So, a future active verbal form is created from a perfect Active Participle? passive verbal form. o Example: (1) PPP = coctus/a/um = “(having been) cooked” Ch. 45 (2) FAP = coctūrus/a/um = “about to/going to cook” Examples of FAP’s Principal Parts Future Active Participles clāmō, clāmāre, clāmāvī, clāmātūrus/a/um = about to shout, from normal verbs clāmātus/a/um going to shout cubō, cubāre, cubuī, cubitus/a/um cubitūrus/a/um = about to lie down, going to lie down mittō, mittere, mīsī, missus/a/um missūrus/a/um = about to send, going to send Ch. 45 prōdō, prōdere, prōdidī, proditūrus/a/um = about to betray, prōditus/a/um going to betray Examples of FAP’s Principal Parts of DEPONENTS Future Active Participles complector, complectī, complexus complexūrus/a/um = about to hug, from deponent sum going to hug intueor, intuērī, intuitus sum intuitūrus/a/um = about to gaze verbs (at), intending to gaze (at) ēgredior, ēgredī, ēgressus sum ēgressūrus/a/um = about to go out, exit, disembark… queror, querī, questus/a/um sum questūrus/a/um = about to Ch. 45 complain, going to complain Relative Time of o The relative time of the Future Active Participle is always future to the the FAP to the main verb of the sentence. o TIME SUBSEQUENT is the technical term for this time relationship Main Verb of the Sentence Ch. 45 Example sentences with o puella magnā voce clāmatūra humum cadit. = The girl about the FAP (and present to shout in a loud voice is falling to the ground. = The girl main verb) who is about to shout in a loud voice is falling to the ground. o ego volō praedōnibus gladiōs strictūrīs dīcere. = I want to speak to the robbers about to draw their swords. = I want to Ch. 45 speak to the robbers because they are about to draw their swords. Example sentences with o puella magnā voce clāmatūra humum cecidit. = The girl about to the FAP (and PAST shout in a loud voice fell to the ground. = The girl who was about to shout in a loud voice fell to the ground. main verb) o ego voluī praedōnibus gladiōs strictūrīs dīcere. = I wanted to speak to the robbers about to draw their swords. = I wanted to speak to the Ch. 45 robbers because they were about to draw their swords. Ch. 45 Grammar Cards Grammar CARDS for Ecce Romani Book II, page 3 PARADIGM of the FAP: CASE / Masculine Feminine Neuter Translation The complete declension NUMBER Nominative vocātūrus vocātūra vocātūrum (noun) about of the FAP (in the Singular to call singular) Genitive vocātūrī vocātūrae vocātūrī of the (noun) ” about to call Dative vocātūrō vocātūrae vocātūrō to/for the ” (noun) about to call Accusative vocātūrum vocātūram vocātūrum the (noun) ” about to call Ablative vocātūrō vocātūrā vocātūrō with the ” (noun) about to call Vocative vocātūre vocātūra vocātūrum O (noun) Ch. 45 ” about to call PARADIGM of the FAP: CASE / Masculine Feminine Neuter Translation The complete declension NUMBER Nominative vocātūrī vocātūrae vocātūra (nouns) of the FAP (in the PLURAL about to call PLURAL) Genitive vocātūrōrum vocātūrārum vocātūrōrum of the ” (nouns) about to call Dative vocātūrīs vocātūrīs vocātūrīs to/for the ” (nouns) about to call Accusative vocātūrōs vocātūrās vocātūra the (nouns) ” about to call Ablative vocātūrīs vocātūrīs vocātūrīs with the ” (nouns) about to call Vocative vocātūrī vocātūrae vocātūra O (nouns) Ch. 45 ” about to call Examples sentences of o amīcīs nostrīs ex urbe profectūrīs omnēs valedīximus. = with the FAP in the ablative our friends about to set out from the city we all said good-bye. absolute = When/Since our friends were about to set out from the city we all said good-bye. o matre cēnam coctūrā līberī in triclīnium cucurrērunt. = with mother about to cook dinner, the children ran into the diningroom. When/Since mother was about to cook dinner, Ch. 45 the children ran into the diningroom. Consolidation of o Participles are “verbal adjectives” o Participles can be used [1] attributively (as mere adjectives: Latin Participles “the cooked pig” = porcus coctus), [2] predicatively (as a whole verbal phrase=contextual translations), or substantively (as nouns: adstantēs = “the bystanders”: literally, “the ones standing near”) o We have learned 3 out of the 4 Latin Participles. Which one Ch. 45 in the chart on page 185 have we not studied formally yet? Ch. 45 Grammar Cards Grammar CARDS for Ecce Romani Book II, page 4 Consolidation of TENSE (& relative time to ACTIVE PASSIVE Latin Participles the main verb) (card 2)…using as a PRESENT audiēns, audientis = paradigm: audiō, audīre, (simultaneous = hearing, listening audītus/a/um = “to hear” same time) PERFECT audītus/a/um = (time prior) (having been) heard FUTURE audītūrus/a/um = audiendus/a/um = Ch. 45 (time future) about to hear must be heard Notes on page 1. The present and future participles are active in form & meaning. 2. The perfect participle is passive in form and meaning. (except deponent) 185 3. The present participle of eō, īre (“to go”) is iēns, ientis (“going”). There is no present or perfect participle of sum, esse (“to be”) 4. The future participle of eō, īre (“to go”) is itūrus/a/um (“about to go”). 5. The future participle of sum, esse (“to be”) is futūrus/a/um (“about to be”). 6. Other possible translations of the FAP include: going to verb, likely to verb, intending to verb, determined to verb, on the point of verbing Consolidation of TENSE (& relative time to DEPONENT Latin Deponent the main verb) Participles PRESENT colloquēns, colloquentis = chatting, (simultaneous = conversing (card 3)…using as a same time) paradigm for deponents: PERFECT collocūtus/a/um = (1) “having chatted” colloquor, colloquī, (time prior) (2) “chatting, conversing” (but prior action) collocūtus/a/um = “to FUTURE collocūtūrus/a/um = about to chat, going chat; to converse” ACTIVE to converse (time future) FUTURE colloquendus/a/um = must be chatted (note: PASSIVE to be for better English, this is often made active. learned later For example: nōbīs colloquendum est = “We (time future + must chat.”) Ch. 45 necessity) Diminutive o diminutives are forms of words, used often affectionately, but Suffixes sometimes sarcastically or to be mean o these Latin suffixes make the words diminutives: [1] –ulus (a/um), [2] –olus (a/um), [3] – (i)culus (a/um), [4] - ellus [Word Study XI] (a/um), [5] -illus (a/um) o English words from these diminutives usually end in –le, -ule, -ole, -cle (particle), -cule (“molecule”), -el, or -il o EXAMPLES: [1] puerulus, puerulī M = little boy, young slave boy, [2] parvulus/a/um = little, tiny; [3] fīliola, fīliolae F = darling daughter; [4] libellus, libellī M = (cute/insignificant) Ch. 45 Grammar Cards Grammar CARDS for Ecce Romani Book II, page 5 little book; [5] muliercula, mulierculae F = a little, weak, Ch. 45 foolish woman Frequentative o frequentative verbs denote repeated or intensified action (aka, Verbs “intensive verbs” o frequentative verbs are usually 1st conjugation o frequentative verbs are formed in one of two ways: [Word Study XI] 1. by adding –ō, -āre …to the 4th principal part: cursō, cursāre = “to keep running, to run frequently” (from curro, currere) 2. by adding –itō, -itāre …to the base of the present infinitive: rogitō, rogitāre = “to keep asking, to ask frequently or earnestly” Ch.
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