Claire Blood-Cheney Latinate English Treasure Hunt

Is Globalization Good for Women? By Alison M. Jaggar

The term "globalization" is currently used to refer to the rapidly accelerating integration of many local and national economies into a single global market, regulated by the World Trade Organization, and to the political and cultural corollaries of this process. These developments, taken together, raise profound new questions for the humanities in general and for political philosophy in particular. Globalization in the broadest sense is nothing new. Intercontinental travel and trade, and the mixing of cultures and populations are as old as humankind; after all, the foremothers and forefathers of everyone of us walked originally out of Africa. Rather than being an unprecedented phenomenon, contemporary globalization may be seen as the culmination of long- term developments that have shaped the modern world. Specifically, for the last half millennium intercontinental trade and population migrations have mostly been connected with the pursuit of new resources and markets for the emerging capitalist economies of Western Europe and North America. European colonization and expansion may be taken as beginning with the onslaught on the Americas in 1492 and as continuing with the colonization of India, Africa, Australasia, Oceania and much of Asia. History tells of the rise and fall of many great empires, but the greatest empires of all came to exist only in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. It was primarily in consequence of European and U.S. expansion that the world became––and remains– –a single interconnected system. European and U.S. colonialism profoundly shaped the world we inhabit today. It produced the neoliberal philosophy that provides the rules for the war game currently known as "globalization,"and it landscaped the highly uneven terrain on which that game is played.

1. From Latin terminus "end, boundary line" (4) 2. From Latin globus "round mass, sphere, ball" (2) 3. From Latin currere "to run, move quickly" 4. From Vulgar Latin usare "use," frequentative form of past participle stem of Latin uti "make use of” 5. From Latin referre "to relate, refer," literally "to carry back," 6. From Latin rapidus "hasty, swift, rapid” 7. From Latin acceleratus, past participle of accelerare "to hasten, quicken" 8. From Late Latin integrationem (nominative integratio) "renewal, restoration," noun of action from past participle stem of Latin integrare "make whole" 9. From Late Latin localis "pertaining to a place," from Latin locus "a place, spot" 10. From Latin nationem "birth, origin; breed, stock, kind, species; race of people, tribe," literally "that which has been born," from natus, past participle of nasci "be born" (Old Latin gnasci) (2) 11. From Latin oeconomia (2) 12. From Latin singulus "one, one to each, individual, separate" (2) 13. From Latin mercatus "trading, buying and selling, trade, market" 14. From Late Latin regulatus, past participle of regulare "to control by rule, direct," from Latin regula "rule, straight piece of wood," 15. from Medieval Latin organizationem (nominative organizatio), noun of action from past participle stem of organizare, from Latin organum "instrument, organ" (2) 16. From Latin politicus "of citizens or the state, civil, civic" (2) 17. From Latin philosophia (2) 18. From Latin cultura "a cultivating, agriculture," figuratively "care, culture, a honoring" 19. From Late Latin corollarium "a deduction, consequence," from Latin corollarium, originally "money paid for a garland" 20. From Latin processus "a going forward, advance, progress," from past participle stem of procedere "go forward" 21. From Latin profundus "deep, bottomless, vast," also "obscure; profound; immoderate," from pro "forth"+ fundus "bottom" (3) 22. From Latin novus 23. From Latin quaestionem(nominative quaestio) "a seeking, a questioning, inquiry, examining, judicial investigation," noun of action from past participle stem of quaerere "ask, seek" 24. From Latin humanitatem (nominative humanitas) "human nature; the human race, mankind” 25. From Latin generalis "relating to all, of a whole class, generic" 26. From Latin particula "little bit or part, grain, jot," diminutive of pars (genitive partis) "a part, piece, division" 27. from Latin sensus "perception, feeling, undertaking, meaning," from sentire "perceive, feel, know" (2) 28. From Latin inter (prep., adv.) "among, between, betwixt, in the midst of" 29. From Vulgar Latin “tripaliare" to torture," from tripalium (in Late Latin trepalium) "instrument of torture," probably from Latin tripalis "having three stakes" 30. From Latin mixtus, past participle of miscere "to mix, mingle, blend; fraternize with; throw into confusion" 31. From Latin cultura "a cultivating, agriculture," figuratively "care, culture, an honoring," from past participle stem of colere"to tend, guard; to till, cultivate" (2) 32. From Late Latin populationem (nominative populatio) "a people; a multitude," as if from Latin populus "a people" 33. From Latin originalis, from originem (nominative origo) "beginning, source, birth," from oriri "to rise" (2) 34. From Latin Africa (terra) "African land, Libya, the Carthaginian territory, the province of Africa; Africa as a continent" 35. From Latin praecedentum (nominative praecedens), present participle of praecedere "go before" 36. From Late Latin phænomenon 37. From Medieval Latin contemporarius, from assimilated form of Latin com "with, together" and temporarius "of time," from tempus "time, season, portion of time" 38. From Latin culmen (genitive culminis) "top, peak, summit, roof, gable," also used figuratively, contraction of columen "top, summit" 39. From Latin modo "just now, in a (certain) manner," from modo (adv.) "to the measure," ablative of modus "manner, measure" 40. From Late Latin specificus "constituting a kind or sort" (in Medieval Latin "specific, particular"), from Latin species" kind, sort" and -ficus "making, doing," combining form of facere "to make" 41. From Modern Latin millennium, from Latin mille "thousand" and annus "year" 42. From Latin migrationem (nominative migratio) "a removal, change of abode, migration" 43. From Latin conectere "join together," from assimilated form of com "together" and nectere "to bind, tie" 44. From Latin resurgere "rise again" 45. From Latin emergere "bring forth, bring to light" 46. From Latin capitalis "of the head," hence "capital, chief, first" (3) 47. From Latin Europa "Europe" (2) 48. From Modern Latin Americanus, after Amerigo Vespucci (3) 49. From Latin colonia "settled land, farm, landed estate," from colonus "husbandman, tenant farmer, settler in new land," from colere "to cultivate, to till; to inhabit; to frequent, practice, respect; tend, guard" (2) 50. From Late Latin expansionem (nominative expansio) "a spreading out," noun of action from past participle stem of Latin expandere "to spread out, unfold, expand," from ex "out" and pandere "to spread, stretch" 51. From Latin remanere "to remain, to stay behind; be left behind; endure, abide, last" 52. From Latin continuare "join together in uninterrupted succession, make or be continuous, do successively one after another” 53. From Latin India 54. From Latin Terra Australis (16c.), from australis "southern" 55. From Modern Latin "southern Pacific island and Australia, conceived as a continent," 1849 46. From Latin Asia 57. From Latin historia "narrative of past events, account, tale, story" (2) 58. From Latin imperium "a rule, a command; authority, control, power; supreme power, sole dominion; military authority; a dominion, realm," from imperare "to command," from assimilated form of in- "in" and parare "to order, prepare" 59. From Latin existere/exsistere "to step out, stand forth, emerge, appear; exist, be" 60. From Latin centuria "group of one hundred" 61. From Latin primarius "of the first rank, chief, principal, excellent," from primus "first" 62. From Latin consequentia, abstract noun from present-participle stem of consequi "to follow after," from assimilated form of com "with, together" and sequi "to follow" 63. From Latin inter (prep., adv.) "among, between, betwixt, in the midst of" (also used extensively as a prefix), from Latin conectere "join together," from assimilated form of com "together" 64. From Late Latin unitus, past participle of unire "to unite, make into one" (transitive), from Latin unus "one" and from Latin status "a station, position, place; way of standing, posture; order, arrangement, condition," figuratively "standing, rank; public order, community organization," noun of action from past participle stem of stare "to stand" 65. From Latin profundus "deep, bottomless, vast," also "obscure; profound; immoderate," from pro "forth" and fundus "bottom" 66. From Latin inhabitare "to dwell in," from in- "in" and habitare "to dwell," frequentative of habere "to hold, have” 67. From Latin producere "lead or bring forth, draw out," figuratively "to promote, empower; stretch out, extend," from pro "before, forth" and ducere "to bring, lead” 68. From Latin liberalis "noble, gracious, munificent, generous" and from liber "free, unrestricted, unimpeded; unbridled, unchecked, licentious” 69. From Latin providere "look ahead, prepare, supply, act with foresight," from pro "ahead"and videre "to see" 70. From Latin regula "straight stick, bar, ruler” 71. From Latin terrenum "land, ground," noun use of neuter of terrenus "of earth, earthly," from terra "earth, land," literally "dry land"

In school students often memorize basic Latin prefixes, suffixes, and roots as part of their vocabulary practice. Although I knew much of English derived from Latin, I am still surprised how many words in a random scholarly article have Latin roots or are related to Latin in some way. It was interesting looking into each word and seeing how it has changed from the original spelling and usage. Often times, the word had gone through many language changes and has renditions in Greek, German, Old English, and French in addition to Latin. It was interesting to see the development of a word and the different definitions that it has been associated with. Even within the same culture words have been changed slightly in form and definition. For example, words such as “specifically” and “united” have a Latin root that was then modified into Late Latin. Other words such as “organization” come from Medieval Latin while “America” is linked back to its “founder” Amerigo Vespucci and classified as Modern Latin. Lastly, I came across Vulgar Latin that words such as “use” fall under as they are more informal. The words we use today have been revised over time by different cultures and within the same language. If it were not for the inclusion of conjunctions and determiners, the ratio of Latin words would be higher as many of the words that made up the actual content of the article had Latin connections.

Ratio: 93/275 = 33.82% Ratio (without repeats): 71/150 = 47.33% https://www.etymonline.com