DOCSLIB.ORG

Supreme Court of the United States

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Supreme Court of the United States No. 20-1029 ================================================================================================================ In The Supreme Court of the United States --------------------------------- ♦ --------------------------------- CITY OF AUSTIN, TEXAS, Petitioner, v. REAGAN NATIONAL ADVERTISING OF AUSTIN, INCORPORATED, ET AL., Respondents. --------------------------------- ♦ --------------------------------- On Writ Of Certiorari To The United States Court Of Appeals For The Fifth Circuit --------------------------------- ♦ --------------------------------- BRIEF OF THE AMERICAN PLANNING ASSOCIATION AS AMICUS CURIAE IN SUPPORT OF NEITHER PARTY --------------------------------- ♦ --------------------------------- BRIAN J. CONNOLLY Counsel of Record OTTEN JOHNSON ROBINSON NEFF + RAGONETTI, P.C. 950 17th Street, Suite 1600 Denver, CO 80202 (303) 575-7589 [email protected] Counsel for Amicus Curiae ================================================================================================================ COCKLE LEGAL BRIEFS (800) 225-6964 WWW.COCKLELEGALBRIEFS.COM i TABLE OF CONTENTS Page STATEMENT OF INTEREST OF AMICUS ....... 1 SUMMARY OF ARGUMENT .............................. 1 LEGAL ARGUMENT ........................................... 5 A. Regulation of Signs and Outdoor Advertis- ing Serves Several Significant Govern- mental Interests and is a Necessary Component of Functional, Safe, and Aes- thetically Pleasing Communities .............. 5 B. Regulation That Addresses the Special Problems Presented by Off-Premises Bill- boards is a Widely-Employed Feature of State and Local Land Use Regulation, and Has Been So For Over a Hundred Years ..... 24 1. Billboard Regulation Today ................. 25 2. Historical Billboard Regulation .......... 26 C. Irrespective of Its Decision in This Case, the Court Has a Significant Opportunity to Clarify Questions of Significant Practi- cal Importance to Community Members, Sign Owners, and Regulators .................... 32 CONCLUSION ..................................................... 40 ii TABLE OF AUTHORITIES Page CASES Aptive Environmental, LLC v. Town of Castle Rock, 959 F.3d 961 (10th Cir. 2020) ...................... 39 Berman v. Parker, 348 U.S. 26 (1954) ......................... 29 City of Ladue v. Gilleo, 512 U.S. 43 (1994) ............. 4, 36 City of Renton v. Playtime Theatres, Inc., 475 U.S. 41 (1986) .......................................................... 38 Jacobellis v. Ohio, 378 U.S. 184 (1964) ....................... 24 Kovacs v. Cooper, 336 U.S. 77 (1949) .......................... 36 Linmark Assocs., Inc. v. Twp. of Willingboro, 431 U.S. 85 (1977) ...................................................... 4, 36 Lotze v. Washington, 444 U.S. 921 (1979) ................... 30 Markham Advert. Co. v. Washington, 393 U.S. 316 (1969) ................................................................ 30 Marks v. United States, 430 U.S. 188 (1977) .............. 36 Members of City Council of Los Angeles v. Tax- payers for Vincent, 466 U.S. 789 (1984) ............ 15, 32 Metromedia, Inc. v. City of San Diego, 453 U.S. 490 (1981) ........................................................ passim Newman Signs, Inc. v. Hjelle, 440 U.S. 901 (1979) ................................................................30 Packer Corp. v. Utah, 285 U.S. 105 (1931) .................. 28 Railway Express Agency, Inc. v. City of New York, 336 U.S. 106 (1949) ................................................. 28 Reed v. Town of Gilbert, 576 U.S. 155 (2015) .... 4, 35, 36, 38 iii TABLE OF AUTHORITIES—Continued Page St. Louis Poster Advertising Co. v. City of St. Louis, 249 U.S. 269 (1919)................................. 28, 31 Suffolk Outdoor Advert. Co. v. Hulse, 439 U.S. 808 (1978) ................................................................ 30 Thomas Cusack Co. v. City of Chicago, 242 U.S. 526 (1917) ................................................................ 28 Va. State Pharmacy Bd. v. Va. Citizens Con- sumer Council, 425 U.S. 748 (1976) ........................ 31 Vill. of Belle Terre v. Boraas, 416 U.S. 1 (1974) .......... 27 Vill. of Euclid v. Ambler Realty Co., 272 U.S. 365 (1926) ................................................................ 27 Young v. Am. Mini Theaters, Inc., 427 U.S. 50 (1976) ....................................................................... 30 STATUTES 23 U.S.C. § 131 et seq. ..................................... 17, 29, 39 23 U.S.C. § 131(b) ........................................................ 29 23 U.S.C. § 131(c)(3) .................................................... 29 Ala. Code § 23-1-273 (2017) ........................................ 29 Alaska Stat. §§ 19.25.090, 19.25.105 (2017) .............. 29 Ariz. Rev. Stat. § 28-7902 (2017) ................................ 29 Ark. Code § 27-74-302 (2017) ..................................... 29 Cal. Bus. & Prof. Code § 5442.5 (2017) ...................... 29 Colo. Rev. Stat. Ann. §§ 43-1-403, 43-1-404 (2017) ....................................................................... 29 iv TABLE OF AUTHORITIES—Continued Page Del. Code Ann. tit. 17, § 1121 (2017) .......................... 29 Fla. Stat. § 479.15 (2017) ............................................ 29 Ga. Code Ann. § 32-6-72 (2017) .................................. 29 Hawaii Rev. Stat. §§ 264-72, 445-112 (2017) ............. 30 Idaho Code Ann. § 40-1910A (2017) ........................... 30 225 Ill. Comp. Stat. Ann. 440/3.17-4.04 (2017) .......... 30 Ind. Code Ann. § 8-23-20-7 (2017) .............................. 30 Iowa Code Ann. § 306B.2 (2017) ................................. 30 Kan. Stat. Ann. § 68-2233 (2017) ............................... 30 Ky. Rev. Stat. § 177.841 (2017) ................................... 30 La. Stat. Ann. § 48:461.2 (2017) ................................. 30 Mass. Gen. Laws Ann. ch. 93D, § 2 (2017) ................. 30 Md. Code Ann., Transp. §§ 8-741, 8-744 (2017) ......... 30 Me. Rev. Stat. tit. 23, §§ 1903, 1908, 1914 (2017) ...... 30 Mich. Comp. Laws Ann. §§ 252.302, 252.313 (2017) ....................................................................... 30 Minn. Stat. Ann. § 173.08 (2017) ................................ 30 Miss. Code § 49-23-5 (2017) ........................................ 30 N.C. Gen. Stat. Ann. § 113A-165 (2017) .................. 30 N.H. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 238:24 (2017) .......................... 30 N.J. Stat. Ann. § 27:5-11 (2017) ............................... 30 Neb. Rev. Stat. § 39-218 (2017) ................................... 30 Nev. Rev. Stat. § 410.320 (2017) .............................. 30 v TABLE OF AUTHORITIES—Continued Page Ohio Rev. Code Ann. §§ 5516.06, 5516.061 (2017) ....................................................................... 30 Okla. Stat. Ann. tit. 69, §§ 1273-1274 (2017) ............. 30 S.C. Code §§ 39-14-20, 39-14-30 (2017) ...................... 30 S.D. Codified Laws §§ 31-29-63, 31-29-63.4 (2017) ....................................................................... 30 Utah Code Ann. § 72-7-504 (2017) ............................. 30 Va. Code § 33.2-1217 (2017) ....................................... 30 Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 10, §§ 488, 493 (2017) .................... 30 Wash. Code § 47.42.040 (2017) ................................... 30 Wyo. Stat. § 24-10-104 (2017) ..................................... 30 RULES U.S. Sup. Ct. R. 37.6 ...................................................... 1 OTHER AUTHORITIES Charles R. Taylor et al., Understanding the Value of On-Premise Signs as Marketing De- vices for Legal and Public Policy Purposes, 31 J. PUB. POL’Y & MARKETING 185 (2012) ................... 12 DANIEL R. MANDELKER ET AL, STREET GRAPHICS AND THE LAW 9 (4th ed. 2015) .................... 8, 9, 10, 12 vi TABLE OF AUTHORITIES—Continued Page JERRY WACHTEL, COMPENDIUM OF RECENT RE- SEARCH STUDIES ON DISTRACTION FROM COM- MERCIAL ELECTRONIC VARIABLE MESSAGE SIGNS (CEVMS) (Feb. 2018), https://www.scenic.org/ wp-content/uploads/2019/09/billboard-safety- study-compendium-updated-february-2018.pdf ....... 13 Outdoor Advertising Association of America, Inc., OOH Revenue by Format, https://oaaa.org/ AboutOOH/Factsamp;Figures/OOHRevenueby Format.aspx (last viewed Aug. 15, 2021) ......... 24, 25 Randal R. Morrison, Sign Regulation: Private Signs on Private Property, in BRIAN J. CON- NOLLY, ED., LOCAL GOVERNMENT, LAND USE, AND THE FIRST AMENDMENT 42 (2017) ..................... 37 SCENIC AMERICA, BILLBOARD CONTROL IS GOOD FOR BUSINESS, https://www.scenic.org/sign- control/billboard-info/good-for-business/ (last accessed, Aug. 8, 2021) ............................................ 13 1 STATEMENT OF INTEREST OF AMICUS The American Planning Association (APA) is a non-profit, public-interest research organization founded in 1978 to advance the art and science of land use, economic, and social planning and development at the local, regional, state, and national level. APA, based in Chicago, Illinois and Washington, D.C., and its professional institute, the American Institute of Certi- fied Planners, represent more than 39,000 practicing planners, elected officials, and citizens in 47 regional chapters, working in the public and private sector to formulate and implement planning, land use, and zon- ing regulations, including the regulation of signs. APA has long educated the nation’s planning professionals on the planning and legal principles that underlie land use regulation through publications and training pro- grams, as well as by filing
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Railway Employee Records for Colorado Volume Iii
    RAILWAY EMPLOYEE RECORDS FOR COLORADO VOLUME III By Gerald E. Sherard (2005) When Denver’s Union Station opened in 1881, it saw 88 trains a day during its gold-rush peak. When passenger trains were a popular way to travel, Union Station regularly saw sixty to eighty daily arrivals and departures and as many as a million passengers a year. Many freight trains also passed through the area. In the early 1900s, there were 2.25 million railroad workers in America. After World War II the popularity and frequency of train travel began to wane. The first railroad line to be completed in Colorado was in 1871 and was the Denver and Rio Grande Railroad line between Denver and Colorado Springs. A question we often hear is: “My father used to work for the railroad. How can I get information on Him?” Most railroad historical societies have no records on employees. Most employment records are owned today by the surviving railroad companies and the Railroad Retirement Board. For example, most such records for the Union Pacific Railroad are in storage in Hutchinson, Kansas salt mines, off limits to all but the lawyers. The Union Pacific currently declines to help with former employee genealogy requests. However, if you are looking for railroad employee records for early Colorado railroads, you may have some success. The Colorado Railroad Museum Library currently has 11,368 employee personnel records. These Colorado employee records are primarily for the following railroads which are not longer operating. Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad (AT&SF) Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad employee records of employment are recorded in a bound ledger book (record number 736) and box numbers 766 and 1287 for the years 1883 through 1939 for the joint line from Denver to Pueblo.
    [Show full text]
  • RLA Or NLRA? Fedex and UPS Follow the Money Trail
    LABOR AND EMPLOYMENT LAW RLA or NLRA? FedEx and UPS Follow the Money Trail By Frank N. Wilner FexEx Express and UPS compete furiously in the market for expedited pickup and delivery service. Labor costs are a significant component of total costs for both competitors, but they compete on different playing fields: UPS ground-service employees are covered by the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA), which permits union organizing at individual terminal locations, while FedEx Express ground-service employees are subject to the Railway Labor Act (RLA), which requires union organizing on a systemwide basis—making it much more difficult to call a strike. UPS has failed on numerous occasions to shift its ground-service employees to RLA coverage and now is aligned with the Teamsters to bring FedEx employees under the NLRA. FedEx Express wants its nonunionized ground-service employees to remain under the RLA; however, legislation has passed the House to bring them under the ambit of the NLRA, and Senate action is expected in early 2010. “We are a freight service with 550-mile per hour delivery trucks” – FedEx founder, Fred Smith1 The Railway Labor Act (RLA) of 19262 is an 83-year-old statute that is distinctly different, in crucial respects, from the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) of 1935.3 The RLA was the nation’s first law guaranteeing workers the right to organize and choose their own bargaining representa- tives. The RLA governs the labor-management relations of railroads and airlines (the latter added in 1936), whereas A Brief Introduction to the Players the NLRA governs other private-sector industries.
    [Show full text]
  • Miller's Lenoir, North Carolina, City Directory [1943/1944]
    GREER FUNERAL HOME, Inc. 300 WEST AVE. AMBULANCE mamBmmmmm * 'ESTABLISHED 1894' CAPITAL $100,000--SURPLUS $200,000 JAS. HARPER BEALL, President G. F. HARPER, Vice-President E. S. HARRIS, Cashier CLAUD L. KELLER, Assistant Cashier 104 S. MAIN ST. PHONE 90 FIDELITY INSURANCE AGENCY INCORPORATED PHON] 98 132 WEST AVE. L. E. DIMMETTE, Pres.-Treas. iiiiiiiiiiii'i'imimiiiiin'iiiii FLOWERS AUTO PARTS CO. AUTOMOTIVE PARTS — MACHINE SHOP SERVICE 113 S. MULBERRY ST. PHONE 890 CIAL DIRECTORY (Utye IGtbrarg of tljr •Btttermty of Sfartlj (Uamluta STON :OMPANY TELEPHONE 556-J (EolUrlinn of Nnrtlj Gtaralimatta iSSED LUMBER lEnooiin>b bg iulnt ftpnmt ^tU chined Framing and Roofing nf t^rOIlaea of 1BS9 5TON LUMBER L 57m_ 1343-44 za ILAH& in TriE BUSINESS Your Advertisement Here WOULD BE CONSTANTLY BEFORE THE PUBLIC—THE BUYERS—TWENTY-FOUR HOURS A DAY—THREE HUN- DRED AND SIXTY-FIVE DAYS A YEAR—EVERY YEAR Smithey's Department Store "THE WORKING PEOPLES STORE" Complete Line of Clothing, Groceries, Feeds, Gas and Oil 130-132 W. HARPER AVE. PHONE 619 ADVERTISERS' SPECIAL DIRECTORY E. F. ALLEN J. B. BERNARD ALLEN & BERNARD INSURANCE "THAT INSURES" FIRE + AUTOMOBILE + CASUALTY 104 WEST AVE. 00040621407 This book must not be ta^en from the Library building Mutual E Loan Aj HOME BUILDERS ANl INVESTIGATE OUR PlJ Information < E. F.ALLEN - 104 WEST AVE. LUNC-1SM F 40 ADVERTISERS' SPECIAL DIRECTORY Mrs. R. A. and Jerome F. Beard DESIGNS - CUT FLOWERS - WEDDING FLOWERS CORSAGES AND POTTED PLANTS "Your Satisfaction Our First Consideration" Member Florists Telegraph Delivery Association HICKORY ROAD PHONE 424-J BRYANT F.
    [Show full text]
  • Boston & Maine Railroad Historical Society Incorporated
    Boston & Maine Railroad Historical Society Incorporated File 15 Railroad Signs Hardware Collection Boston & Maine Railroad Wooden 36”x 16” Division Limits Sign Fitchburg Division / New Hampshire Division The sign represent the Trackage area under the jurisdiction of Railway Superintendent Division Portland Terminal, Maine Central Railroad From: Robert Grodzicki Collection Wooden Sign Boston & Maine Railroad Wooden 42” x 18” x 1” Sign This Bridge Unsafe For Gross Weights Of More Than 11 Tons Maine Central Railroad Wooden 36” xx 20” Load Limit On This Bridge 8 Tons Wooden 28” x 8” x 1” Sign from Lowell, MA Use Air Brakes Switching This Track - Boston & Maine Railroad Donation from Lowell National Park Service Wooden Reproduction B&MRR Sign Use Air Brakes Switching This Track Boston and Maine Railroad Donation from: Robert Grodzicki, Amesbury, Mass Locomotive Rewire Area 27” x 18” Metal Sign Before a Locomotive or Locomotive Crane is moved, a warning shall be given to device until such time as the conveyor or its control system is rebuilt or rewired. These warning signs shall be provided along the conveyor at areas not guarded by position or location. Signal Territory Starts Triangular Sign Signal Territory Starts 33”x 29” Fiberglass Sign Circa 1960’s The sign would have been posted where an un-signaled Branch Line connected with a signaled Main Line. There would have been a similar sign saying “Leaving Signal Territory” facing the other way. Example: The sign would have been posted on the Greenville Branch, N.H. coming off onto the Fitchburg, at Ayer Tower. Information from: Carl Byron member B&MRRHS.
    [Show full text]
  • Public Service Commission of South Carolina 1963-1964
    Eighty-Sixth Annual Report of the Public Service Commission Of South Carolina 1963-1964 J. LEWIS MOSS, Chairman ' JOHN J. SNOW, Vice-Chairman ) EDWARD WIMBERLY CLYDE F. BOLAND Commissioners ARTHUR D. AMICK GUY BUTLER ) CHARLES A. RICE I J. N. LAND, JR., Executive Secretary HARRY M. LIGHTSEY, JR., Asst. Attorney General R. M. BALLENTINE, Dir. Motor Transport Div. C. E. LOGWOOD, Director of Rate Bureau 0. E. BRUCE, Director of Telephone, Gas and Water J. H. STILL, Asst. Director of Telephone, Gas and Water L. R. MILLER, Director Electrical Utilities Division W. C. SHEELY, Assistant Director, Electrical Utilities Division Printed Under the Direction of the State Budget and Control Board Eighty-Sixth Annual Report of the Public Service Commission Of South Carolina 1963-1964 J. LEWIS MOSS, Chairman JOHN J . SNOW, Vice-Chairman EDWARD WIMBERLY CLYDE F . BOLAND Commissioners ARTHUR D. AMICK GUY BUTLER CHARLES A. RICE J. N. LAND, JR., Executive Secretary HARRY M. LIGHTSEY, JR., Asst. Attorney General R. M. BALLENTINE, Dir. Motor Transport Div. C. E. LOGWOOD, Director of Rate Bureau 0 . E . BRUCE, Director of Telephone, Gas and Water J. H. STILL, Asst. Director of Telephone, Gas and Water L. R. MILLER, Director Electrical Utilities Division W. C. SHEELY, Assistant Director, Electrical Utilities Division Printed Under the Direction of the State Budget and Control Board LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL OFFICE oF PuBLIC SERVICE CoMMISSION To His Excellency, DonaldS. Russell, Governor of South Carolina: Sir: We have the honor to transmit herewith the Eighty-Sixth Annual Report of the Public Service Commission of South Caro­ lina for the year ending June 30, 1964.
    [Show full text]
  • Public Service Commission of South Carolina 1967-1968
    Ninetieth Annual Report of the Public Service Commission Of South Carolina 1967-1968 CLYDE F. BOLAND, Chairman ARTHUR D. AMICK, Vice-Chairman GUY BUTLER O.E. BRUCE Commissioners J. LEWIS MOSS JOHN J. SNOW EDWARD WIMBERLY J. N. LAND, JR., Executive Secretary WILLIAM F. AUSTIN, Asst. Attorney General R. M. BALLENTINE, Dir. Motor Transport Div. C. E. LOGWOOD, Director of Rate Bureau J. H. STILL, Director of Telephone, Gas and Water C. L. REED, Asst. Director of Telephone, Gas and Water L. R. MILLER, Director Electrical Utilities Division W. C. SHEELY, Assistant Director, Electrical Utilities Division Printed Under the Direction of the State Budget and Control Board $.C. STAiE U6RP..R\ Ninetieth Annual Report of the Public Service Commission Of South Carolina 1967-1968 CLYDE F. BOLAND, Chairman ARTHUR D. AMICK, Yice-Chairman GUY BUTLER 0. E. BRUCE Commissioners J. LEWIS MOSS JOHN J. SNO"\V EDWARD WIMBERLY J. X. LAND, JR., Executive Secretary WILLIAM F. AUSTIN, Asst. Attorney General R. M. BALLENTI~E, Dir. Motor Transport Div. C. E. LOGWOOD, Director of Rate Bureau J. H. STILL, Director of Telephone, Gas and Water C. L. REED, Asst. Director of Telephone, Gas and Water L. R. MILLER, Director Electrical Utilities Division W. C. SHEELY, Assistant Director, Electrical Utilities Division Printed Under the Direction of the State Budget and Control Board LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL OFFICE OF PuBLIC SERVICE CoMMISSION To His E xcellency, Robert E. llfcNair, Gove'f'1Wr of South Carolina: Sir: We have the honor to transmit herewith the Ninetieth Annual Report of the Public Service Commission of South Carolina for the year ending June 30, 1968.
    [Show full text]
  • Last Mile Package Delivery Via Rural Transit: Project Summary and Pilot Outcomes
    TTI: 0-6891 Last Mile Package Delivery via Rural Transit: Project Summary and Pilot Outcomes Technical Report 0-6891-R1 Cooperative Research Program TEXAS A&M TRANSPORTATION INSTITUTE COLLEGE STATION, TEXAS in cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration and the Texas Department of Transportation http://tti.tamu.edu/documents/0-6891-R1.pdf Technical Report Documentation Page 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient's Catalog No. FHWA/TX-17/0-6891-R1 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date LAST MILE PACKAGE DELIVERY VIA RURAL TRANSIT: Published: January 2019 PROJECT SUMMARY AND PILOT OUTCOMES 6. Performing Organization Code 7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Report No. Zachary Elgart, Kristi Miller, and Shuman Tan Report 0-6891-R1 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) Texas A&M Transportation Institute The Texas A&M University System 11. Contract or Grant No. College Station, Texas 77843-3135 Project 0-6891 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address 13. Type of Report and Period Covered Texas Department of Transportation Technical Report: Research and Technology Implementation Office September 2015–August 2017 125 E. 11th Street 14. Sponsoring Agency Code Austin, Texas 78701-2483 15. Supplementary Notes Project performed in cooperation with the Texas Department of Transportation and the Federal Highway Administration. Project Title: Using Public Transportation to Facilitate Last Mile Package Delivery URL: http://tti.tamu.edu/documents/0-6891-R1.pdf 16. Abstract Rural transit districts and intercity bus carriers are an important link within Texas’ multimodal transportation system. Without such service providers, many rural residents that are transit dependent would be forced to either relocate or find other means of transportation.
    [Show full text]
  • Planning for Shared Mobility
    PAS REPORTPAS 583 P LANNING FOR SHARED MOBILITY American Planning Association 205 N. Michigan Ave., Suite 1200 Chicago, IL 60601-5927 planning.org | Cohen and Shaheen and Cohen PAS REPORT 5 8 3 A MERICAN PLANNING ASSOCIATION PLANNING FOR SHARED MOBILITY Adam Cohen and Susan Shaheen POWER TOOLS ABOUT THE AUTHORS APA RESEARCH MISSION Adam Cohen is a shared mobility researcher at the Transporta- tion Sustainability Research Center at the University of California, APA conducts applied, policy-relevant research Berkeley. Since joining the group in 2004, his research has focused that advances the state of the art in planning on shared mobility and emerging technologies. He has coauthored practice. APA’s National Centers for Plan- numerous articles and reports on shared mobility in peer-reviewed ning—the Green Community Research Center, journals and conference proceedings. His academic background is the Hazards Planning Research Center, and the in city and regional planning and international affairs. Planning and Community Health Research PAS SUBSCRIBERS GET EVERY NEW PAS REPORT, PLUS Center—guide and advance a research direc- Susan Shaheen is an adjunct professor in the Department of Civil THESE RESOURCES FOR EVERYONE IN THE OFFICE TO SHARE tive that addresses important societal issues. and Environmental Engineering and a research engineer with the APA’s research, education, and advocacy pro- Institute of Transportation Studies at the University of California, grams help planners create communities of Berkeley. She is also co-director of the Transportation Sustainabil- PAS Reports Archive PAS QuickNotes lasting value by developing and disseminating ity Research Center at UC Berkeley. She was the policy and behav- Free online access for subscribers Bite-size backgrounders on planning basics information, tools, and applications for built ioral research program leader at California Partners for Advanced and natural environments.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter One Introduction 1.1 Background of the Study A
    CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY A courier service is an organization which offers special deliveries of packages, money, documents or information. Courier services usually boast faster delivery times than any alternative method of transporting documents, and many services in the modern world rely on it. The idea of couriers and a courier service has been around almost as long as civilization, with rulers in antiquity using couriers as a means to make new laws and edicts known throughout their lands. In the modern age of international business, the courier service has become a keystone of enterprise, even as emerging technologies such as the fax machine and Internet have rendered them less useful in some areas. The largest courier service in the world is the United Parcel Service (UPS), which delivers more than 12 million packages globally each day. UPS had its roots as a courier service in the beginning of the 20th century, when it was known as the American Messenger Company. UPS survived the depression and the World Wars, and went on to thrive in the global age. Throughout the years it acquired other courier services, including the Motorcycle Messengers and a number of smaller European companies. Federal Express (FedEx) and Dalsey Hillblom Lynn, now Deutsche post AG (DHL) are other well-known global examples of the courier service, both with their roots in the early 1970s. Though not nearly as large as UPS, each company controls sizable portions of the 1 market. FedEx is particularly well-respected for its overnight courier service, the first of its kind.
    [Show full text]
  • Board of Port Commissioners City of Oakland Resolution
    BOARD OF PORT COMMISSIONERS CITY OF OAKLAND \, RESOLUTION No. 4919 Introduced by Seconded by • RESOLUTION APPROVING AND ALLOWING CERTAIN CLAIMS AND DEMANDS. RESOLVED: That the following claims and demands, having been approved by the Auditing Committee, be and the same are hereby approved and allowed, by the Board of Port Commissioners and the Auditor is authorized to draw his warrant for the same out of the proper Fund: HARBOR MAINTENANCE AND IMPROVEMENT FUND: Acme Transportation, Inc. 71.97 - Arco Company of California, Ltd. 25.49 Raymond Arth 2.32 - California Concrete Products Co. 52.92 - California State Automobile Association 6.03 Chase Teddy, Ltd. 20.11 City of Oakland, City Hall 560.11 - Cochran Celli 10.74 - Coos Bay Lumber Company 31.01 -- Henry Cowell Lime and. Cement Co. 80.69 East Oakland Auto Top Shop 3.50 The Electric Corporation 26.27 Gilson Electrical Supply Co. 14.12 - Greenwood Printers Ltd. 34.92 - The Hancock Oil Co. of Calif. 77.61 Hogan Lumber Company 2.37 - Robert W. Hunt Company 22.75 - Independent Construction Co., Ltd. 140.63 -- Inland Manufacturing Company 2.12 The Inter-City Printing Co. 12.88 Ed. Jones Co. 2.25 - Geo. A. Kreplin Co. 7.32 Maxwell Wholesale Hardware Company 2.60 - National Lead. Company 24.66 Oakland Association of Insurance Agents 30.20 Oakland Plumbing Supply Co. 1.43 - The Pacific Telephone and Telegraph Company 36.50 - Pacific Tool and Supply Company 3.83 Peterson Tractor Equipment Co. 78.47 - Joseph Pierotti Co. 10.59 Royal Typewriter Company, Inc. 12.00 - Smith Brothers 9.39-- Standard Fence Company 50.12-- Standard Mill and Lumber Co.
    [Show full text]
  • Railroads Represented in the Everett Lee Degolyer, Jr
    Railroads represented in the Everett Lee DeGolyer, Jr. Railroad Photographs collection Abbott Laboratories Inc. Abbottsford LBR Aberdeen & Rockfish Abilene & Southern Abitibi Paper Co Acajutla a San Salvador F.C. Acme Steel Co Acme Wood Logging Adam Banks LBR Adams Express Co Adirondack Adirondack & St. Lawrence RR Adriance, Platt & Co Ahnapee & Western Air Reduction Co Aireon Mfg Co Akron & Barberton Belt Akron Canton & Youngstown Alabama Central RR Alabama Company Alabama Florida & Southern Alabama Great Southern Alabama Midland Ry Alabama State Docks Alabama Tennessee & Northern Alabama & Tennessee River Alabama & Tombigbee Alabama & Vicksburg Alabama & Western Florida Alameda Belt Line Alameda & San Joaquin Alamogordo & Sacramento Mtn Alaska Albany & Northern Albany Street Ry Albany & Susquehanna Alberene Stone Corp of Virginia Albuquerque & Cerrillos Coal Co Alco Products Alcolu Alexander & Baldwin Alexander (WV) Alexandria & Fredericksburg Alexandria Gravel Co Alexandria & Washington Alexandria & Western Alger Sullivan Lbr Algers Winslow & Western Algoma Central Algoma Eastern Ry Algoma Lbr Aliquippa & Southern Alison Mfg Co Allegheny Asphalt Co Allegheny Central Allegheny Ludlum Co Allegheny River Mining Co Allegheny Steel & Iron Co Allegheny Valley Allison Lbr Almanor Aloha Lbr Alpha Portland Cement Co Alterene Stone Co Alton Alton Bridge Co Alton & Southern Altoona Clearfield & Northern Altoona & Logan Valley Altoona Northern Altoona & Philipsburg Conn Altus Wichita Falls & Hollis Altus Wichita Falls & Northern Aluminum Co of Canada Aluminum of America Amador Central American Aggragates Co American Association of Railroads American Baptist American Baptist Publication Society American Bauxite Co American Brass Co American Bridge Co American Car & Foundry American Coloid Co American Crystal Sugar Co American Forest Products Co American Freedom Train American International Shipbuilding Co American Internship Bldg.
    [Show full text]
  • MARCH, 1929 No
    INE CENTRAL ilattwag lExprras Agettrg LOYEES' MAGAZINE (SnrnriioralPii1 VOL. VI MARCH, 1929 No. 3 B5 tBrnaiuiag fioliprt t. fH. (£ouiif yiTfliiu-nt Nations Leading Railroads Take Over February 20, 1929. the Country's Express Business Dear Mr. McDonald: The transfer of railway express operations to Railway Express Agency, N March 1st, the American Rail• Robert E. M. Cowie, formerly presi• Incorporated, on March 1, 1929, is an important event in transportation O way Express Company ceased to dent of the American Railway Express history. While it is true that arrangements have been made under which be a vital factor in our transportation Co., has become president and direc• the new Express Agency takes over the experienced organization of the American Railway Express and that this organization will exert itself to the system and was succeeded by the Rail• tor of the new Express Agency. The utmost to function efficiently, may I suggest that it would be very encourag• way Express Agency, Inc. This new directorate includes 15 other promi• ing and helpful to the officials and employees of the new Express Agency, organization, which will handle prac• nent railroad men from all sections of and I believe also desirable in the interests of the railroads, if you would tically all the country's express busi• the country, with E. G. Buckland of send a special communication to your officers and employees pointing out ness, has been organized and is owned the New Haven representing New to them the fact that the express transportation business and its develop• ment on economic lines will hereafter be of even greater importance to the by 86 of America's Class I railroads, England.
    [Show full text]