O(nisi a 13 1 17.09.200411 29-134

Alena (Aztekoraphidia) horstaspoecki nov. spec. a new snakefly from Mexico (Raphidioptera. Raphidiidae)l

U . A SPOCK Et A. C ONTRERAS -R AMOS

Abslracl: A~ (AttekmapNdia) lIorlw.spo«ki nov. spec .• a new species of mahfly. from Hidalgo Slale. ce nlrnl Mu­ leo. is desc ribed and illuma t ~, Wit h this discovery the number of sna\.:efly species recorded from Mexico incrt'ase, 10 14. Morphological criteria of Ihe hypov31v3 reveal di ag l10stic c h~m cters for the differentiation from all olher specic$ of Alena. and support argulllcllIS (or the hypolheSiS of a hypovalva-p:.mmele-com plex.

Resumen: Una espec ie nueva de mfid i6ptero. AIe>w (AZlekmapilidia) h&rsuuprxcki no\'. spec .• es diagnosticada, de· scrita e ilumada con ejemplares del eSllido de Hidalgo, en cl ce nt ro de M.!:x ico. Em es la dk imocuarta especie de rafidi6plero registrada en Mbr.ico. CrilCrios morfol6gicos de la hipovalva revelan carocletes diagn66licos para la $t­ paraci6n de wdas las demas especie$ de Aitna, apoyando adem~ la hip6lesis de un complejo hipovJlva-p.1nimero.

Key words: Raph idioplern. A~ (Al~kmapNdia), new spedes, Mex ico.

Introduction Alena (A zfekoraphidia) horstaspoec:ki nov. spec. The Raphid ioPlera is a small order which comprises two families, the Raphidiidae with 186 described valid Derivatio nominis: The name of this new species is a species, and the Inocelliida( with 21. Raphidioptera to­ grateful homage 10 Horst Aspack, Vienna, Austria, for his extensive contribu tion to neuroplerology, on the oc­ gether with its adelphotaxon Megalopter.. + Neuroptera casion of his 65th bi rthda y. constitute the Neuropterida, a superorder at the base of the Holometabola. The Raphidioptera is distributed Mate ri al Iludied: Holotype, 0': MelC ico, l'lidalgo, HIIInocelliidae. All available information on Mexican length of forewing of the C! 8 mm, of the Q 8.2-9 mm. snake flies has been summari%ed in U. ASfOCK & H. As­ Head elongate rectangular, black with brownish pattern, POcX (1 996). The discovery of a new species in this part with a fine sculpture, c\ypcus brownish, wit h a group o( of the earth is not at all surprisi ng, nevertheless it is of bristles; labrum brownish wi lh ye llow mllrgins. Anten­ great significance for several reasons: I) for a relict taxon nae: scapus brown, pcdicellus and basal flagdlomeres yel­ compr ising altogether 207 extant described species the lowish, oth erwise brown. Pronotum: in (ront and lateral­ discovery of species number 208 is a spectacular event, 2) ly with broad ye llow margins, anterior part brownish, the new species is from a reg ion of Mexico whe re so far longer caudal part dark brown, almost black, with ochre no nlphidiopterans ha ve been repo rted, J) it documen ts paltem. Legs: first coxae basally brown, di stally ye llow, once more the importance of the Mexican region as an evolutionary centre of these li ving fossils, and 4) a re­ , ~~~ed ~o Honi A~ k Ofl l~ OCCailOl1 clhlS 651h bllthciay. gr;tI~. markable anatomical character of the hypovalva induces fully and in all 1M UCUeme!l~ of 40 yean fucin':lIIng cni bbor:lIion on Neuropu1ida. and eX wOIinllOUS ~im u winll K'e!lufw;: disclMiom. U\­ a new interpretation of this st ructu re. rike AtpOc\.:. ~ica!ed to ProI. Hom AspIlck. gl..Jly and ... a gre~1 h"!lOll" 00 d-.e oc· casion of h il65 ~h birthday. AtilanoConlftr.lS.Ra""""

129 Fig. 1: / (Aztrkoraphidio) horstosporcki nov. sprc., holotype, C/, htad Fig. 2: A/tno (Azttkorophidio) horstospo«ki nov. spec., holotypt, C/, and thorax, lateral. abdomtn and wings, vtntral.

Fig. 3: Akno (Aztfkorophidio) horstosptXcki nov. spec., holotypc:, C/, gtnital Fig. 4: A/tno (Aztfkorophidia) horstOspofcki nov. spec~ halatype, C/, gtnltal stgmtnts, \'trltral. segmtnts. lateral.

Fig. S: A/fna IAzttkorophidio) harsto5po«ki nov. spec .. para type. Q. Fig. ' i ) harstospo«ki nov. spec., para type, Q. abdomerl arid wings. \'tntra1. gtnital stgmerlts. vfntral.

130 •

,...

/ ;- .(JJ ,I , ,

0,5""" " mm Fi g. 7: AI~na (Aztrkofophidio) horstosporrki nov. Spt c., ho lotype, Cf, genital Fig. 8: Alena (Aztekoraphidia) hOf5taspaedd nov. sptc., ha latype, cr, genita l segments, latera l. e .. ectoproct, 9c9 .. 9'" gonocoxite, h .. 9'· sr:gments, dorsa l. Abbreviat ions as in fig. 7. gonapophysis (hypova lva), h + p? .. amalgamation of hypovalv3 and parameres, hi .. hypandriu m irl\ ernum, p ? .. 10'" gonocoxile + 10'" gonapophysis ? (paramere?), SI .. stylus. • •

••

~'\, \­ .... 'v--..../ \ '-. '\'-. ~~ '" Fig. 10: Alena (Aztekoraphidia) hOf5taspoecki nay. spec., paratypus. 9, gen ital sC'gmenls, lateral. ab _ atrium bursae, abh - "horn" of atrium Fig. 9: Alena (AzteJrorophidio) horstaspoecki nov. spec., holotype, ct, genita l bursae, C' - C'ctoproc\, gc9 - 9'" gonocox iles, gphB - 8'" gonapophyses, gr Stgments, ventral. Abb reviations as in fig . 7. _ glandulae receptaculi, rs _ rece ptac ulum sC'min is. sb - sacculus bU f5ae. second and third coxae brown; tarsalia 3-5 brown, legs otherwise yellow ish. Wings: membrane hyaline, vena' 0.5""" tion predominantly brown, basa l half of C, basal R and yellowi sh; basal pan of Ma in hind wing as a lo ngilu­ " - ell dinal vein. Pterosti gma yellow, above the distal half of the first pterostigmal cell, with one vein crOSS ing, and with apical vein, Abdomen: terg ites speckled brownish; sternites anteri orly black, with two yellow spots in fe­ ) male, but twO large ye ll ow windows in male; caudally yel­ low, medially with a brownish deltoid patch; pleuml re­ gion brownish-ye ll owish. - 0" genital segments (Fig. 3-4, 7-9): Stemite of seg­ ment 8 only slightly shorter than tergite: tergite 9 trapez ­ Fig. 11: Alena (Aztekorophidio) horstospoecki nov. spec., paratyp e, 9 . iform; gonocoxites 9 forming huge plates with a blunt genital segments, venlra l. short, yellowish-whitish, only proximally and basally brownish apex; styli slim; stemite 8 mther indistinct; hy­ povalva paired, with broad basal rods, dorsally curved

131 spiraculum 7 free; teTRlle 8 IIlConsp'CUOUS. not rcachmg vcntral part of the segment. Atrium bursae ventrally with paired ..homs". jOined to a complex tog<'ther with the re­ cepla(ulmn ~minIS. which IS. howc\'er. stili ulKemlble; sacculus burs.1e and :1 p,l1r of glan,lulae receptacull sklll­ n~' and hose-shaped. aplC:l ll y club-like enlarged.

Differentiation: AccorJmg to the m Oll' h ol~'}' of the mnth gonocoxnes or the male A. Wltrupocclu nov. spec. belongs 10 the species-group of [he subgenus A~lcko­ Tli/midia, which is con ~ lIIuted b~' A. cmWaUl (N AVAs 1914), A minllfa (BANKS 1903), A. ilI(5rra/is (BANKS 1895). A . lenochtitlo:na U. ASI'lU & H. ASI"Oc'K 1978, A. in[imdibulw.a U. ASI'OO: & H. A;';I\XK & RAUS(;H 1994. :lIlU A. schremmcri U. ASrOcK & H. ASI>OCK & RAUSCH 1994. ~'ithout ncing closely related tn any of them. h may be dlslmgulshcd from all other spt."C ies of [he suhgenus A~ll'kor{lphllli{l. but al,;o of Ihe b'Cnus Aknll. by Ihe huge :lOd heavilv scl erOli~ed lateral plat('s of [he hrpo\'alv;t, by the blunt yellOWish-whitish apex of the ninth i-'Onocoxltes in the 0. The ,Jenllfkation of Ihe 9 seems [0 he more difficult: the enlargement of the basal plate of the gonapophyses and rhe "homs" of the atrium burs;'.le complex arc only viSible after macemuon in KOH. Whether the remarkable bri~tles on the c1ypeus :md [he ~'ellilw colour of the ovipositor are reliable char­

acters for (I sa fe idelllificmion can not yet be uecldeu without havmg more material of iln mher Species of the ~'Cnus 3[ hanJ.

Habitat (Fig. 12, 13): The type localll~' co n~i sllo of twO sitc~, one adj:lcelU \IJ a first ortler Stream dose to its oriJ!in (Mala,sc I). and a S('ConJ one at about 20 meters from the Str('am infO lill' fore.'it III a {mrh' open area (MalO1ise 2). The vq:et!l(lon comlS t ~ of a prist11le o:l k­ pille forbt at the hase of a moulll,lInous !lrea. BOIh MaImS<' nap" were mallltollneJ operntmg continuously for one ye:l r. However, the three snakefly ~peclmcn' on which this rapcr is bolst"l were the only ones cullL"Cted throughout Ihe s;unpling period.

Almost nothmg IS known on the biology o( the new spe(:ies. its uisco\'er)' III a pme-o.1k (orest may. howe\'er, le:ld 10 the conclusion th:n the la rvae an.' conkolous, as lire all A!cna species whOS(' lar\'ae lire known (H. As] :K ZOOZI.

Distribution (Map I): So (

9 ~cnltal l>C~mcnt~ (Fig. 5. 6,10, II); (;;:Iu.. lal m:n­ J!1n of slcmile 7 conn'x wllh wt'ak mL-dlan inCblon.

132 Fig. 104 ' Records of R~ph,doplera in Me~'co_ for ellacl 11 .. 1.. of loc.. lil,ts 1 (1991), U A'!'(){f (19704.1975.1988), U. A,rIll' !t It A\f'OOI (1970, 1976. 1978. 1996... od U A ~I'OC '. A\POet H 11 R ~(J'>(" (1992. 19904 .. . 199~'o1

Di scus sion R \' 'I It 1'1'11. h~ ll'ltl. 1~)17). /hr/"r.l/,hl,/hl ,,,LlT~llla \NAV .... S ItJ Il:!) I*c H. A~l'Cll.'K. U. A:oI'OC.l: C:. RAU:<'lf rho.' an:lIomy of Ihe rnphlJIUflu:rJn hyp(walva, whKh 1991. Fig. 1069, 1070). TIle homo l ~ I s.1t1 on of th~ scle­ h.I' been mu.·rprcted as the ~'On:,porhrses of segment 9 fltes (U AsrOct:: 2002) ,IS pammcres (temh gonocoxires (L. Asrcxx 2002). Jescf'\'cs Mlmc funher conslJerntlons. + tenth ~,'onapohp.es) or. altemall\·cly. Raphidia (R .) (Jllhi op5 j~ LI NNAEUS 1758. or \ en .llfferr.'nt shape, and at :my r:lfe If IS of enormous tax­ in the Ne:lrcllc Aguila (Glal'ia) modesra CARI'ENTER 1936 nn"m).: ,lIld sys te mmic imponance. Based on considern­ (see H. AsJ'OCK, U. Mr(')CK & RAUSCH 1991. Fit:. 771- !IlIn, Illmed o\'er alre'ld y long ago dll' hitherto unpub­ 8 10and Fit:. 1794-1845) re ~pc<: flvcl~' . \1 ,h",1 hypotheSIS of thc composed n3tur<: or the hypov:ll­ Under these aspects the s tud~' of the new species o f­ \.1 "I .ertain RaphidiiJae is corroborllled by male genital fers ,he followinf:,' h~'ro [he se~: ,h.,r." ters of the new specIes. TIlis IS particula rly obvious In ' pn:ies of the Nearctic subf.!enus AZlekoraphidia U. 1) The apIcal part of the hypo\'al,,3, compnsing lhe .".'1 ~ K & H. ASI'CcK 1970 of the gcnu ~ Alena N.>wAs lateml pl:nes "nd Ihe curved hooks arc Interpreted as the !Cnt the amalgamated pammeres. I:-;~)). or A. !enOChmlana (u. ASI"'Oo:: & H. AsPOc.'K !~j" ,'r) In A. hoofil5poec/u Ihe :t pieal h\)()lr:s :tnJ the bter­ 2) If the hypotheS I) o( ama1ganmllon of parameres .11 1,1.'1<.. '5 of the hypov"l\'a "!'peM .lli If they were amalga­ and hypo\'ah'a holds, identical phenomena in Palaearc­ II1.H,·,1 structures. and resemble certam mternal sc leriles tic species could he of phylogenellc relevance. if they are ~thl\\ll from Palae

133 have to be considered under this aspect, as both lac k ASPOcK U. & H. A5I'OO< (1970): Untersuchungen Ober die Raphi· parameres, and the hypovalva might include (he para­ diopteren Mexikos (Insecta, Neuropltfoidea). - Polskie Pis· mo ent. 40: 70S-72S. meres in these (and perhaps additional) taxa. Moreover, this could be also of biogeographic relevance for an un­ ASPOCK U. & H. ASPOc~ (1976): lur TaxOr\Omie und Systematik von derstanding of the origin of the Nearctic Raphidiidae. Raphidia (Aliaberaphidia) austraUs BANKS (Ins., Neur.. Neo­ roptera). - Ent. Ber., Amst . l6: 137-139.

ASPOcK U. & H. AV'OO: (197B): Raphidia (Aliaberaphidia) tenoch­ Acknowledgements ritlana n.sp. - eine neue Raphidiiden-Spezies aus Baja Cali­ fornia (Mexiko) (Neuropleroida. Raphidioptera). - l . Arb· Financial ~ upporl for fidd work by the junior author from SEP· Gem. Ost. Enl. lO: 21 -24. PROMEP (Mtxico), through the project S i ~ tcm 1.tica de Tulipi. AV'OO: U. & H. A5POO: (1996): Raphidioptera. - In: BOVSOUETS dae (Diptera) y Neuroptcrn. del Stado de Hidalgo, as wcll as J.E.l.. kOREH A.N.G. & E.G. SoRIANO (eds), Biodiversidad, Ta ­ permission and support for collecting in Rancho Santa Elena xonomi" y Biogeog.afia de Artr6podos de Mexico: Hacia from Cecilia Ch~Vez-Pl-Qn and Roben o Campuzanu, are grate­ una sintesis de su conodmiento 19: 277·286, O.R. Universi· fully acknowledged. dad nacional Aut6n. Mexico. Cordial thanks to Fmmiska Anderle, University Vienna, for ASPOCK U., ASPOcK H. & H. RAUSInsect": Neuropteroi­ italia, and the distribution map, and 10 Or. Marrin l6dI, deal. - Entomol. Gener. 17: 169-184. Nawrhistorisches Museum Wien, for photogrnphing th .. t\'pes. ASPOcK U., AV'OO: H. & H. RAuS

Zusammenfassung ASPOcK U., ASPOcK H. & H. RAUSCH (l994b): Alena (MeJlicoraphidia)

Alena (Aztelwraphidia) MrsUllpoecki 00'1. spec., cine neue Ka­ americana (CARPENTER. 1958): Taxonomic, Systematik. Okolo­ gie und ChOfologie (Neuropleroidea: Rapllidioptera: Raphi· melhalstliege 8US Hidalgo, Zemralmexiko, wird beschrieben diidae). - Z. ArbGem. O~t. Ent. 46: 131-139. und abgebildct. Mit dieser Neuenldeckung eThohr sich die ZaM der bisher aus Mexiko nach!;ewi esenen Spezies cler O rdnung Raphidioptera auf 14. Morphologische Krirerien det H)"povalva bieten nieht nur diagnostische Merkmale :or AbgTemung gegeniiber allen anderen Akna.-Arten, sonder" liefem auch Ar­ gumente zur Hypothese cines Hypovalva-Paraillcren-Komple­ xes. References ASPOCK H. (2002): The biology of Raphidioplera: a review of pres· ent knowledge. - In, SZlIwa G. (ed.). Neuropterology 2000. Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium on Neuropterology, 6-9 Augun, 2000, Budapest, Hungary. Acta 2oologiu Audemie Sd entiarum Hungaricae 48, wpple­ ment 2: 35·50. ASPOcK H., A5POO: U. & H. RAUSCH (1991): Die Raphidiopteren der Erde. Eine monographis

134 Bibliography of the Neuropterida

Bibliography of the Neuropterida Reference number (r#): 11264

Reference Citation: Aspöck, U.; Contreras-Ramos, A. 2004 [2004.09.17]. Alena (Aztekoraphidia) horstaspoecki nov. spec. -- a new snakefly from Mexico (Raphidioptera, Raphidiidae). Denisia 13:129-134.

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