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Legal Protection and Promotion of the Friulian Language

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Legal Protection and Promotion of the Friulian Language Scuol, October 24 th , 2015 LEGAL PROTECTION AND PROMOTION OF THE FRIULIAN LANGUAGE ARLeF – Agjenzie Regjonâl pe lenghe furlane Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Autonomous region Austria • Friuli-Venezia Giulia is an Autonomous Region under special statutes of the Italian Republic, established by Constitutional Law No. 1 of January 31, 1963 . • It consists of the 3 Provinces of Slovenia the Friuli – Gorizia (pop. 142,601), Pordenone (pop. 313,871) and Udine (pop. 541,081) – and the Province of Veneto Trieste (pop. 236,671, also the capital city). In total: pop. 1,234,224 ARLeF – Agjenzie Regjonâl pe lenghe furlane 1 Friuli, a unique case in Europe • Friuli ( Friûl, Furlanija, Friaul ) is the only area in Europe where the 3 major cultures of the Old Continent co-exist: Latin, Slavic and Germanic → NATIVE • Nowadays co-existance of three minority languages: Friulian, Slovenian and German. • The Special Statute is the result of historical events (Iron Curtain). • The Region has exclusive and concurrent legislative powers in a long series of subjects. • The protection of minorities is a general principle , the State holding special powers (Constitutional Court). ARLeF – Agjenzie Regjonâl pe lenghe furlane Other languages/1: Slovenian • AREA: It is spoken in 32 municipalities in the area bordering Slovenia. • SPEAKERS: 50,000 people are estimated. • PROTECTION: Memorandum of London (1954). State Laws 482/99 and 38/2001. Regional law 26/2007. • USE: Slovenian schools; Administrations; RAI and Primorski Dnevnik ARLeF – Agjenzie Regjonâl pe lenghe furlane 2 Other languages/2: German • AREA: It is spoken in 5 municipalities in North Friuli area: Sauris, Paluzza, Pontebba, Malborghetto- Valbruna and Tarvisio. • SPEAKERS: 5,000 people estimated. • PROTECTION: State Law 482/99; Regional laws 4/99 and 20/2009. • USE: The role of associations ARLeF – Agjenzie Regjonâl pe lenghe furlane The Friulian language: territory and speakers • AREA: In FVG, 176 out of 217 regional municipalities have applied for inclusion in the official area within the Provinces of Gorizia, Pordenone and Udine. There are also 7 Friulian- speaking municipalities in the Province of Venice (Veneto region). • SPEAKERS: 650,000 ppl. approx. ARLeF – Agjenzie Regjonâl pe lenghe furlane 3 Sociolinguistic data 9 5 ,3 9 6 , 3 1 0 0 8 5 ,5 8 3 , 6 I don't understand and 8 0 I understand but I do I don't speak it not speak it 6 0 I understand and 4 0 and I speak I understand and and I speak on a regular 2 0 basis. occasionally 0 Si alla lingua friulana Si alla storia e tradizioni de l Friuli 1 9 7 8 1 9 9 9 Language proficiency: 47.6% understands and speaks regularly Q26 According to you, should the Friulian 19.9% understands and speaks language be both taught or used at school? occasionally % 26.4% understands but does not speak Yes 70.4 6.1% does not understands and does not No 29.6 speak ARLeF – Agjenzie Regjonâl pe lenghe furlane Use in writing: literature, koinè, spelling • Literature has developed since 1300 ca . Major outcomes in the nineteenth- twentieth century. (Percoto, Pasolini, Risultive ). • Important role of the Church (catechesis, homilies). Full edition of the Bible in 1984 . Friulian is recognized as a liturgical language. Pre Josef Marchet • Presence of a literary koinè since 1600, further developed in 1800 and 1900. • Official spelling adopted in 1986 (Lamuela) by the Province of Udine. Then adopted by a Reg. Law in 1998 . ARLeF – Agjenzie Regjonâl pe lenghe furlane 4 Mass Media in the Friulian language Both radio and TV shows are broadcast. The regional RAI service broadcast 90 hours per year within the regional radio schedule. Among the private radio stations, two of them constantly broadcast in Friulian: Radio Onde Furlane and Radio Spazio 103 . Press: -two monthly magazines: “La Patrie dal Friûl”, “Ladins dal Friûl ” -“Il Friuli”,“La Voce isontina ” and “La Vita Cattolica” one or more pages on a weekly basis (+ “Alc&cè” for kids) -The "Messaggero Veneto" newspaper publishes a monthly page in Friulian. ARLeF – Agjenzie Regjonâl pe lenghe furlane Legal and historical framework • Article 6 of the Constitution of the Italian Republic: The Republic protects linguistic minorities through specific regulations • Until 1981 only occasional hints in primary and secondary legal sources. • FVG Regional Law 68/81 was the first to devote an entire section to the protection of the Friulian language (but it was an implementation of Article 9 of the Constitution). ARLeF – Agjenzie Regjonâl pe lenghe furlane 5 FVG Regional Law 15/96. • FVG Regional Law 15/96 was the first organic law to officially recognize Friulian as a "language". • It introduced the possibility for local authorities to provide for the use of Friulian in their acts, in toponymy and in communication with their citizens. • It established a Regional Service and the Osservatori pe lenghe furlane (in 2005 replaced by Agjenzie regjonâl pe lenghe furlane ). • It outlined the first actions to be taken in the fields of education and the broadcasting system . ARLeF – Agjenzie Regjonâl pe lenghe furlane State Law 482/99. • Law 482/99 made it possible to complete and expand the scopes of protection already defined by the Regional Law. • It included a more specific discipline about the teaching of minority languages at school and provided for a general right to use these languages in all public administrations (State, too). • Relevant rules on public broadcasting , but yet to be enforced. ARLeF – Agjenzie Regjonâl pe lenghe furlane 6 The new FVG Regiornal Law • 11 years after the approval of the Regional Law 15/96 and 8 after the approval of the State Law, the Region felt the need to "lay a hand on" language-specific legislation. • The choice was dictated mainly by the need to overcome some clear limitations of the previous legislation . • New powers assumed by the Region as a result of the reform of title V of the Constitution and Legislative Decree 223/2002 (Implementation decree of the Statute relating to minorities). ARLeF – Agjenzie Regjonâl pe lenghe furlane Regional law 29/2007: the evolution. • Definition of Friulian as a "our own language ". • Reference to the main international treaties. • Provision of the teaching of the Friulian language at school. • Systematization of public uses and extension to acts of general application. • Language certification , with particular reference to civil servants. • Definition of toponymy and its semi- official status. • Organization of language planning ARLeF – Agjenzie Regjonâl pe lenghe furlane 7 The school and language planning • The Region adopted a Regulation and an implementation system to plan the introduction of Friulian at school. • It established the Permanent Commission for the teaching of the Friulian language • It established the Friulian language teachers list. • The General Plan of language policy (2015-2019) was approved in 2015. • Local authorities and public service providers approved a special language policy plan in order to determine the objectives to be achieved. • Constitutional Court ruling 159/2009. ARLeF – Agjenzie Regjonâl pe lenghe furlane CoE Committee of Ministers Committee of Ministers 2012 (on the Framework convention for the protection of national minorities): • positive developments were noted regarding the use of Friulian toponymy ; • But: need for the Italian State to ensure the enforcement of protection laws in the field of media and education . ARLeF – Agjenzie Regjonâl pe lenghe furlane 8 Thank you Info: Dr. William Cisilino Director of ARLeF Via Prefettura, 13 - 33100 UDINE/ UDIN (Friûl-Italy) Tel. +39.0432.555812 [email protected] ARLeF – Agjenzie Regjonâl pe lenghe furlane 9.
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