DOCSLIB.ORG

Common Name: American Beauty Berry Botanical Name: Callicara

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Common Name: American Beauty Berry Botanical Name: Callicara Common Name: American Beauty Berry Botanical name: Callicara americana Plant Type: Perennial Light Requirement: Part Shade Water Requirement: Low Hardiness/Zone: 6 thru 10 Heat/Drought Tolerance: High Height: 3-5ft with equal spread; Width/Spacing:4 to 6 ft wide Flower Color: Small, pink Blooming Period: May, June, July Plant Form or Habit: Shrub Foliage Color and Texture: Deciduous Butterfly or bird attracter: Birds and butterflies Deer Resistant: No Plant Use: Valuable as a wildlife food plant. Good understory shrub. Pests and diseases: American beautyberry is a wonderful, large understory shrub with a naturally loose and graceful arching form. In the fall and early winter, the branches are laden with magenta purple (sometimes white) berry clusters that look spectacular as the leaves drop in autumn. It is useful as a screen in swampy or wooded locations or under shade trees in a garden setting. It can be cut to 12 above the base each winter to encourage more compact growth, flowers and fruit. It can also be left to mature naturally into a tall woody shrub. The shrub may temporarily defoliate and lose developing fruit during periods of prolonged summer drought Bark light brown on the older wood, reddish brown on younger wood. Bark smooth, with elongate, raised corky areas (lenticels); twigs round to 4 sided, covered with branched hairs visible under a l0x hand lens. Leaves in pairs or in threes, blades half as wide as long and up to 9 inches long, ovate to elliptic, pointed or blunt at the tip and tapered to the base; margins coarsely toothed except toward the base and near the tip, teeth pointed or rounded; lower surface of young leaves covered with branched hairs. Flowers small, pink, in dense clusters at the bases of the leaves, clusters usually not exceeding the leaf petioles. The seeds and berries are important foods for many species of birds, particularly the Northern Bobwhite. Foliage is a favorite of White-tailed Deer. Source of data: http://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=CAAM2 http://forestry.about.com/od/silviculture/p/am_bberry.htm Extension programs service people of all ages regardless of socioeconomic level, race, color, sex, religion, disability, or national origin. The Texas A&M University System, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the County Commissioners Courts of Texas Cooperating A member of The Texas A&M University System and its statewide Agriculture Program Common Name: Anacacho Orchid Tree Botanical name: Bauhinia lumariodes Type: Small tree or medium shrub Light Requirement: Sun, partial sun Water Requirement: Low Heat/Drought Tolerance: Medium Height: 8 to 12 feet Width/Spacing: 6 to 10 feet Flower Color: White or pink Blooming Period: Spring Plant Form or Habit: Large shrub, small tree Foliage Color and Texture: Deciduous. Split resembling cloven hoof. It may hold its leaves during mild winters. Butterfly or bird attracter: Bees, butterflies and birds Deer Resistant: No Plant Use: Shrub or small tree Although increasingly available from specialty nurseries, Anacacho orchid tree is rare in Texas, growing only in the Anacacho Mts. west of Uvalde and one other small site. It is more common in Mexico. Its delicate, unusual leaves are divided into pairs of two oval leaflets, and showy white or pink flower clusters resembling orchids appear from March through May. In its native habitat in Texas it grows on rocky limestone canyons, and needs well-drained soils to thrive. Its unique foliage and showy flowers make it a beautiful specimen plant, or as a container plant for small areas. If grown in afternoon shade, it is an open graceful tree. If grown in full sun, it is bushier and fuller. It is small enough to be included in a large flowerbed. Orchid trees make a gorgeous display with its silvery-gray bark and white flowers that resemble orchids. It is a rapid-growing tree and does best when planted on the south side of a building, protected from winter winds. It can be nipped back by extremely cold winters. Source of data: http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/ornamentals/nativeshrubs/bauhinialunarioid.htm http://www.ci.austin.tx.us/growgreen/potw_anacacho.htm http://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=BALU Extension programs service people of all ages regardless of socioeconomic level, race, color, sex, religion, disability, or national origin. The Texas A&M University System, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the County Commissioners Courts of Texas Cooperating A member of The Texas A&M University System and its statewide Agriculture Program. Common Name: Arroyo Sweetwood Botanical name: Myrospermum sousanum Plant Type: Tree Light Requirement: Sun Water Requirement: Low Hardiness/Zone: 8a to 10b Heat/Drought Tolerance: Very Height: 10 to 20 ft Width/Spacing: 20 ft wide Flower Color: White Blooming Period: Mid spring Plant Form or Habit: Bush grown form Foliage Color and Texture: Deciduous Butterfly or bird attracter: Butterflies. Bees and birds Deer Resistant: Unknown Plant Use: Ornamental, small tree Pests and diseases: Unknown to science until 1982, this small tree with highly fragrant flowers makes a special addition to any yard in Austin. Discovered in Mexico by Texas botanist Lynn Lowrey, Arroyo Sweetwood prefers rocky limestone slopes like those of the gullies and stream banks (arroyos) where it was found. Grows quickly to form a deciduous, shrubby tree up to 20 feet tall, and as wide, and will bear numerous small white flowers in the spring. These flowers emit a very strong cinnamon / vanilla scent that will fill your yard. The wood is also very fragrant when cut, hence the 'sweetwood' part of the common name. Arroyo Sweetwood is native to soils which are very similar to ours, so feel free to put it in any area with dry, rocky, limestone-based soil. Should only require water for establishment, and full sun is fine. It will make a great shade tree to plant on the west side of your house. Its bushy growth form will shade the structure in the warmer months of the year and allow light into the windows once the leaves drop. A small deciduous tree to 15-20 feet. Fragrant, cream colored flowers. Attracts butterflies, bees, and birds. Likes alkaline soils and full sun. Also drought tolerant. Native to Mexico. Source of data: http://www.landscapemafia.com/LandscapePlants/arroyo-sweetwood http://www.wildflower.org/expert/show.php?id=1300 Extension programs service people of all ages regardless of socioeconomic level, race, color, sex, religion, disability, or national origin. The Texas A&M University System, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the County Commissioners Courts of Texas Cooperating A member of The Texas A&M University System and its statewide Agriculture Program Common Name: Texas Ash Botanical name: Fraxinus texensis Type: Tree Light Requirement: Sun, part shade Water Requirement: Medium Height: 30 – 40 feet Width/Spacing: 40 feet wide Flower Color: Green Blooming Period: April, May, June Plant Form or Habit: Tree Foliage Color and Texture: Deciduous Butterfly or bird attracter: Butterflies – larval host- Eastern Tiger Swallowtail Deer Resistant: None Plant Use: Shade and bird habitat, fruit-birds Texas ash is a small tree, 30-45 ft. tall, of limestone hills and canyons with an attractive, densely branched canopy. Pinnate leaves have brilliant fall color. Leaflets usually 5, rounded, not as elongate as in Red Ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica). Wings usually not extending beyond the middle of the seed. Confined to Texas, except for a northern extension into the Arbuckle Mountains of Oklahoma. This southwestern relative of White Ash (Fraxinus americana) has fewer and smaller leaflets and smaller fruit and is adapted to a warmer, less humid climate; some consider it a variety of that species. Soil Description: Rocky soils; often of Limestone-based, Sandy, Sandy Loam, Medium Loam, Clay Loam, Clay, Caliche type Conditions Comments: Texas ash is a small tree with an attractive, densely branched canopy. Pinnate leaves have brilliant fall color. Long-lived and healthy. Very drought-tolerant. Low water requirements. Use Ornamental: Fall conspicuous, Blooms ornamental, Attractive, Long-living, Fruits ornamental Source of data: http://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=FRTE Extension programs service people of all ages regardless of socioeconomic level, race, color, sex, religion, disability, or national origin. The Texas A&M University System, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the County Commissioners Courts of Texas Cooperating A member of The Texas A&M University System and its statewide Agriculture Program. Common Name: Chitalpa Botanical name: Chilopsos x Catalpa Plant Type: Tree Light Requirement: Full sun Water Requirement: Hardiness/Zone: 7 - 9 Heat/Drought Tolerance: Height: Width/Spacing: Flower Color: One-inch light pink and white trumpets are centered with purple-streaked yellow landing strips for bees and hummingbirds Blooming Period: Summer, spring & fall Plant Form or Habit: deciduous, mid-sized tree Foliage Color and Texture: Bright apple-green lance- shaped leaves Butterfly or bird attracter: Hummingbirds Deer Resistant: Plant Use: Ornamental, Pests and diseases: The American native plants Catalpa bignoides and Chilopsis linearis were crossed to create this rugged, but garden-worthy hybrid, sometimes listed as x Chitalpa tashkentensis. There is a light fragrance to the funneled blooms that hummingbirds sup from all summer long. Its willowy limbs arch upwards to create an oval silhouette that bends safely to strong winds. It is reported that the 'Pink Dawn' cultivar produces more ruffled flowers than the 'White Cloud' variety. For all its graces, its best may well be that this sterile blooming tree produces no seeds – therefore no Chitalpa weeds in the garden beds. Chitalpa 'Pink Dawn is an attractive small to medium sized ornamental tree that seems to have inherited the best features of both parents, being both beautiful and ideally suited to most of the soils and climates of the American Southwest.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Scientific Name Common Name Plant Type Plant Form References at Bottom
    Diablo Firesafe Council The following list of plants contains those found in the references that were recommended for use in fire prone environments by at least 3 references. All of the plants listed here were given either a high or moderate fire resistance rating in the references where a rating was assigned, or found listed in the references that categorized plants as fire resistant without assigning a degree of resistance. In most cases, the terms used in the ranking were not defined, and if they were, there is no agreed upon standard definition. For this reason, the plants are listed in this chapter without any attempt to rank them. The list is sorted by plant form -- groundcovers, shrubs, trees, etc. Some species may appear twice (e.g. once as a groundcover and then again as a shrub) because they have properties attributed to both forms. For a complete description of the plant, including its mature characteristics, climate zones, and information on erosion control and drought tolerance, please refer to Chapter 4, the landscape vegetation database. It is important to note that a plant's fire performance can be seriously compromised if not maintained. Plants that are not properly irrigated or pruned, or that are planted in climate areas not generally recommended for the plant, will have increased fire risk and will likely make the mature plant undesirable for landscaping in high fire hazard zones. Table 1. Plants with a favorable fire performance rating in 3 or more references. Some plants may have invasive (indicated as ), or other negative characteristics that should be considered before being selected for use in parts of California.
    [Show full text]
  • Shrub Swamp State Rank: S5 - Secure
    Shrub Swamp State Rank: S5 - Secure cover of tall shrubs with Shrub Swamp Communities are a well decomposed organic common and variable type of wetlands soils. If highbush occurring on seasonally or temporarily blueberries are dominant flooded soils; They are often found in the transition zone between emergent the community is likely to marshes and swamp forests; be a Highbush Blueberry Thicket, often occurring on stunted trees. The herbaceous layer of peat. Acidic Shrub Fens are shrub swamps is often sparse and species- peatlands, dominated by poor. A mixture of species might typically low growing shrubs, along include cinnamon, sensitive, royal, or with sphagnum moss and marsh fern, common arrowhead, skunk herbaceous species of Shrub Swamp along shoreline. Photo: Patricia cabbage, sedges, bluejoint grass, bur-reed, varying abundance. Deep Serrentino, Consulting Wildlife Ecologist. swamp candles, clearweed, and Emergent Marshes and Description: Wetland shrubs dominate turtlehead. Invasive species include reed Shallow Emergent Marshes Cottontail, have easy access to the shrubs Shrub Swamps. Shrub height may be from canary grass, glossy alder-buckthorn, are graminoid dominated wetlands with and protection in the dense thickets. The <1m to 5 meters, of uniform height or common buckthorn, and purple <25% cover of tall shrubs. Acidic larvae of many rare and common moth mixed. Shrub density can be variable, loosestrife. Pondshore/Lakeshore Communities are species feed on a variety of shrubs and from dense (>75% cover) to fairly open broadly defined, variable shorelines associated herbaceous plants in shrub (25-75% cover) with graminoid, around open water. Shorelines often swamps throughout Massachusetts. herbaceous, or open water areas between merge into swamps or marshes.
    [Show full text]
  • Alphabetical Lists of the Vascular Plant Families with Their Phylogenetic
    Colligo 2 (1) : 3-10 BOTANIQUE Alphabetical lists of the vascular plant families with their phylogenetic classification numbers Listes alphabétiques des familles de plantes vasculaires avec leurs numéros de classement phylogénétique FRÉDÉRIC DANET* *Mairie de Lyon, Espaces verts, Jardin botanique, Herbier, 69205 Lyon cedex 01, France - [email protected] Citation : Danet F., 2019. Alphabetical lists of the vascular plant families with their phylogenetic classification numbers. Colligo, 2(1) : 3- 10. https://perma.cc/2WFD-A2A7 KEY-WORDS Angiosperms family arrangement Summary: This paper provides, for herbarium cura- Gymnosperms Classification tors, the alphabetical lists of the recognized families Pteridophytes APG system in pteridophytes, gymnosperms and angiosperms Ferns PPG system with their phylogenetic classification numbers. Lycophytes phylogeny Herbarium MOTS-CLÉS Angiospermes rangement des familles Résumé : Cet article produit, pour les conservateurs Gymnospermes Classification d’herbier, les listes alphabétiques des familles recon- Ptéridophytes système APG nues pour les ptéridophytes, les gymnospermes et Fougères système PPG les angiospermes avec leurs numéros de classement Lycophytes phylogénie phylogénétique. Herbier Introduction These alphabetical lists have been established for the systems of A.-L de Jussieu, A.-P. de Can- The organization of herbarium collections con- dolle, Bentham & Hooker, etc. that are still used sists in arranging the specimens logically to in the management of historical herbaria find and reclassify them easily in the appro- whose original classification is voluntarily pre- priate storage units. In the vascular plant col- served. lections, commonly used methods are systema- Recent classification systems based on molecu- tic classification, alphabetical classification, or lar phylogenies have developed, and herbaria combinations of both.
    [Show full text]
  • Fruits: Kinds and Terms
    FRUITS: KINDS AND TERMS THE IMPORTANT PART OF THE LIFE CYCLE OFTEN IGNORED Technically, fruits are the mature ovaries of plants that contain ripe seeds ready for dispersal • Of the many kinds of fruits, there are three basic categories: • Dehiscent fruits that split open to shed their seeds, • Indehiscent dry fruits that retain their seeds and are often dispersed as though they were the seed, and • Indehiscent fleshy fruits that turn color and entice animals to eat them, meanwhile allowing the undigested seeds to pass from the animal’s gut We’ll start with dehiscent fruits. The most basic kind, the follicle, contains a single chamber and opens by one lengthwise slit. The columbine seed pods, three per flower, are follicles A mature columbine follicle Milkweed seed pods are also large follicles. Here the follicle hasn’t yet opened. Here is the milkweed follicle opened The legume is a similar seed pod except it opens by two longitudinal slits, one on either side of the fruit. Here you see seeds displayed from a typical legume. Legumes are only found in the pea family Fabaceae. On this fairy duster legume, you can see the two borders that will later split open. Redbud legumes are colorful before they dry and open Lupine legumes twist as they open, projecting the seeds away from the parent The bur clover modifies its legumes by coiling them and providing them with hooked barbs, only opening later as they dry out. The rattlepods or astragaluses modify their legumes by inflating them for wind dispersal, later opening to shed their seeds.
    [Show full text]
  • Nannyberry (Viburnum Lentago)
    BWSR Featured Plant Name: Nannyberry (Viburnum lentago) Plant Family: Caprifoliaceae Statewide Wetland Indicator Status: Great Plains – FACU Nannyberry is a shrub that is both beautiful and Midwest – FAC versatile. This shade-tolerant, woody plant has flat N. Cent. N. East – FAC topped white flowers, fruit that is used by a wide variety of birds and wildlife, and vibrant fall color. Frequently used as a landscaping plant, it is successful as a tall barrier and wind break. Its ability to function as both a small tree and multi-stemmed shrub and ability to adapt to many environmental conditions makes it well suited to buffer planting and other soil stabilization projects. Flat-topped flower clusters and finely serrated leaves Identification This native shrub can be identified by its pointed buds, unique flowers, and fruit. Growing to around twelve feet tall in open habitats, the species commonly produces suckers and multiple stems. The newest branches are light green in color and glabrous and buds narrow to a point. With age, the branches become grey, scaly and rough. The egg-shaped leaves are simple and opposite with tips abruptly tapering to a sharp point. Leaf surfaces are shiny, dark green and hairless with reddish finely serrated margins. Fall color is a vibrant dark red. Numerous dense, flat-topped flower heads appear and bloom from May to June. Flowers are creamy white and bell to saucer-shaped. The flowers develop into elliptical berry-like drupes that turn a blue-black color from July to August. The Multi-stemmed growth form sweet and edible fruit is used by a variety of wildlife species but has a wet wool odor when decomposing, thus its alternate name – Sheepberry.
    [Show full text]
  • Plant Collecting Expedition for Berry Crop Species Through Southeastern
    Plant Collecting Expedition for Berry Crop Species through Southeastern and Midwestern United States June and July 2007 Glassy Mountain, South Carolina Participants: Kim E. Hummer, Research Leader, Curator, USDA ARS NCGR 33447 Peoria Road, Corvallis, Oregon 97333-2521 phone 541.738.4201 [email protected] Chad E. Finn, Research Geneticist, USDA ARS HCRL, 3420 NW Orchard Ave., Corvallis, Oregon 97330 phone 541.738.4037 [email protected] Michael Dossett Graduate Student, Oregon State University, Department of Horticulture, Corvallis, OR 97330 phone 541.738.4038 [email protected] Plant Collecting Expedition for Berry Crops through the Southeastern and Midwestern United States, June and July 2007 Table of Contents Table of Contents.................................................................................................................... 2 Acknowledgements:................................................................................................................ 3 Executive Summary................................................................................................................ 4 Part I – Southeastern United States ...................................................................................... 5 Summary.............................................................................................................................. 5 Travelog May-June 2007.................................................................................................... 6 Conclusions for part 1 .....................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Atlas of the Flora of New England: Fabaceae
    Angelo, R. and D.E. Boufford. 2013. Atlas of the flora of New England: Fabaceae. Phytoneuron 2013-2: 1–15 + map pages 1– 21. Published 9 January 2013. ISSN 2153 733X ATLAS OF THE FLORA OF NEW ENGLAND: FABACEAE RAY ANGELO1 and DAVID E. BOUFFORD2 Harvard University Herbaria 22 Divinity Avenue Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138-2020 [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRACT Dot maps are provided to depict the distribution at the county level of the taxa of Magnoliophyta: Fabaceae growing outside of cultivation in the six New England states of the northeastern United States. The maps treat 172 taxa (species, subspecies, varieties, and hybrids, but not forms) based primarily on specimens in the major herbaria of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut, with most data derived from the holdings of the New England Botanical Club Herbarium (NEBC). Brief synonymy (to account for names used in standard manuals and floras for the area and on herbarium specimens), habitat, chromosome information, and common names are also provided. KEY WORDS: flora, New England, atlas, distribution, Fabaceae This article is the eleventh in a series (Angelo & Boufford 1996, 1998, 2000, 2007, 2010, 2011a, 2011b, 2012a, 2012b, 2012c) that presents the distributions of the vascular flora of New England in the form of dot distribution maps at the county level (Figure 1). Seven more articles are planned. The atlas is posted on the internet at http://neatlas.org, where it will be updated as new information becomes available. This project encompasses all vascular plants (lycophytes, pteridophytes and spermatophytes) at the rank of species, subspecies, and variety growing independent of cultivation in the six New England states.
    [Show full text]
  • Berries and Health: a Review of the Evidence
    Berries and Health: A review of the evidence Gordon J. McDougall and Derek Stewart Environmental and Biochemical Sciences Group, Enhancing Crop Productivity and Utilisation Theme, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK 1 Introduction Berries already benefit from a “health halo” which is partly associated with a general recognition that fruit is good for us and that they are popular and palatable way to increase intake. In addition soft fruit and health have long established associations steeped in traditions with strong linkages to Scottish1 and world folklore (see http://www.fruit.cornell.edu/berry/production/pdfs/berryfolklore.pdf). Indeed, many traditional or folk medicines have used berries in remedies for a range of health issues2. For example, North American indigenous peoples have used berries from the Rubus species as treatments against diarrhoea and for pain relief. However, evidence has accrued over the last twenty years highlighting that components from berries have measurable beneficial effects on health3. This report provides a short overview of the current evidence. In botanical terms, “berries” are defined as a fleshy fruit that arises from the entire plant ovary that surrounds the seeds and therefore true berries include bananas, grapes, blueberries, black currants and coffee beans. In this review, we use the common usage of “berries” and this includes soft fruits with multiple seeds including strawberries, raspberries, blueberries, black currants, blackberries etc. Strawberries are the most popular berries in the UK market but there have been consistent increases in sales of other berries (http://www.internationalsupermarketnews.com/news/4680) and indeed in a range of “berry-plus” products.
    [Show full text]
  • Pruning Shrubs in the Low and Mid-Elevation Deserts in Arizona Ursula K
    az1499 Revised 01/16 Pruning Shrubs in the Low and Mid-Elevation Deserts in Arizona Ursula K. Schuch Pruning is the intentional removal of parts of a plant. visibility and safety concerns is sometimes necessary. These Pruning needs of shrubs commonly planted in the low and can be minimized by allowing sufficient space for the plant mid-elevation deserts in Arizona vary from no pruning to reach its mature size in the landscape. Renovating or to regular seasonal pruning. Requirements vary by plant rejuvenating old or overgrown shrubs through pruning species, design intent, and placement in a landscape. Fast generally improves the structure and quality of the plant, growing shrubs generally need frequent pruning from the and results in improved displays for flowering shrubs. Some time of establishment until maturity, while slow growing shrubs are grown as formal hedges and require continuous shrubs require little to none. Pruning should only be done pruning to maintain their size and shape. when necessary and at the right time of year. Using the natural growth form of a shrub is a good guide for pruning. Shearing shrubs should be avoided except for maintenance of formal How to prune? hedges or plant sculptures. All pruning should be done with Selective thinning refers to removing branches back to the sharp hand pruners or, for thicker stems, loppers. point of attachment to another branch, or to the ground. This type of pruning opens the plant canopy, increasing light and air movement (Figure 1). Thinning cuts do not stimulate Why prune? excessive new growth. They serve to maintain the natural Reasons for pruning shrubs include maintenance of plant growth habit of the shrub.
    [Show full text]
  • Porcelain Berry
    FACT SHEET: PORCELAIN-BERRY Porcelain-berry Ampelopsis brevipedunculata (Maxim.) Trautv. Grape family (Vitaceae) NATIVE RANGE Northeast Asia - China, Korea, Japan, and Russian Far East DESCRIPTION Porcelain-berry is a deciduous, woody, perennial vine. It twines with the help of non-adhesive tendrils that occur opposite the leaves and closely resembles native grapes in the genus Vitis. The stem pith of porcelain-berry is white (grape is brown) and continuous across the nodes (grape is not), the bark has lenticels (grape does not), and the bark does not peel (grape bark peels or shreds). The Ieaves are alternate, broadly ovate with a heart-shaped base, palmately 3-5 lobed or more deeply dissected, and have coarsely toothed margins. The inconspicuous, greenish-white flowers with "free" petals occur in cymes opposite the leaves from June through August (in contrast to grape species that have flowers with petals that touch at tips and occur in panicles. The fruits appear in September-October and are colorful, changing from pale lilac, to green, to a bright blue. Porcelain-berry is often confused with species of grape (Vitis) and may be confused with several native species of Ampelopsis -- Ampelopsis arborea and Ampelopsis cordata. ECOLOGICAL THREAT Porcelain-berry is a vigorous invader of open and wooded habitats. It grows and spreads quickly in areas with high to moderate light. As it spreads, it climbs over shrubs and other vegetation, shading out native plants and consuming habitat. DISTRIBUTION IN THE UNITED STATES Porcelain-berry is found from New England to North Carolina and west to Michigan (USDA Plants) and is reported to be invasive in twelve states in the Northeast: Connecticut, Delaware, Massachusetts, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Virginia, Washington D.C., West Virginia, and Wisconsin.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 1 Definitions and Classifications for Fruit and Vegetables
    Chapter 1 Definitions and classifications for fruit and vegetables In the broadest sense, the botani- Botanical and culinary cal term vegetable refers to any plant, definitions edible or not, including trees, bushes, vines and vascular plants, and Botanical definitions distinguishes plant material from ani- Broadly, the botanical term fruit refers mal material and from inorganic to the mature ovary of a plant, matter. There are two slightly different including its seeds, covering and botanical definitions for the term any closely connected tissue, without vegetable as it relates to food. any consideration of whether these According to one, a vegetable is a are edible. As related to food, the plant cultivated for its edible part(s); IT botanical term fruit refers to the edible M according to the other, a vegetable is part of a plant that consists of the the edible part(s) of a plant, such as seeds and surrounding tissues. This the stems and stalk (celery), root includes fleshy fruits (such as blue- (carrot), tuber (potato), bulb (onion), berries, cantaloupe, poach, pumpkin, leaves (spinach, lettuce), flower (globe tomato) and dry fruits, where the artichoke), fruit (apple, cucumber, ripened ovary wall becomes papery, pumpkin, strawberries, tomato) or leathery, or woody as with cereal seeds (beans, peas). The latter grains, pulses (mature beans and definition includes fruits as a subset of peas) and nuts. vegetables. Definition of fruit and vegetables applicable in epidemiological studies, Fruit and vegetables Edible plant foods excluding
    [Show full text]
  • What Is a Shrub?
    What is a shrub? The man behind the beverage counter at the festival asked me if I ever had a great shrub. With questioning eyes, I imagined that beautiful green evergreen that grows outside our house. I guess he knew that I had no idea why he was asking me that question since he started to laugh as he explained that it is fruit syrup preserved with vinegar and mixed with water or alcohol to create a very refreshing drink. It seems that this is an old fashioned idea that was used to preserve seasonal fruit, creating fresh flavored syrup that can be used for beverages, salad dressings, or meat glazes. Adding vinegar to water helped make it safe to drink for Babylonians and even Romans made a beverage like this called posca. Early colonial sailors carried those vitamin C enhanced shrubs to prevent scurvy. Many older cookbooks or well as some recent ones have recipes for shrubs. As I researched shrub recipes, I found several different methods. Most of them involved creating fruit-flavored vinegar and adding sugar to it. The vinegar acts as the preserving agent, allowing fresh fruits to turn into flavorful syrups. The ingredients are simple: Fresh fruit, vinegar, and sugar Fruits - Think berries, peaches, plums, pears, cherries and many other fruits, just make sure they are wonderfully ripe and sweet. The fruits need to be washed, peeled, chopped, or lightly crushed. Some additions can be ginger, citrus peels, or even peppercorns. Vinegar – you can use distilled white vinegar, apple cider vinegar, or even wine vinegars.
    [Show full text]