Escaldes-Engordany
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contents HISTORY OF ANDORRA 04 CHURCHES AND MONUMENTS 06 Sant Joan de Caselles Church 07 Sant Serni de Canillo Church 08 Nostra Senyora de Meritxell Sanctuary Basilica 09 The Les Bons historical complex 13 Santa Eulàlia Church 14 Sant Corneli i Sant Cebrià Church 15 Sant Martí de La Cortinada Church 16 Sant Climent de Pal Church 17 Sant Cristòfol d’Anyós Church 18 Santa Coloma Church 19 Sant Esteve Church 20 Casa de la Vall 21 Sant Serni de Nagol Church 22 Santuari de Canòlich 23 Sant Pere Màrtir Church 24 Sant Miquel d’Engolasters Church 25 La Margineda bridge 26 Sant Antoni de la Grella bridge 27 MUSEUMS 28 Motorcycle Museum 30 Casa Cristo Ethnographic Museum 31 Sacred Art Museum 32 National Automobile Museum 33 Electricity Museum (MW) 34 Casa d’Areny-Plandolit House-Museum 35 Postal Museum 36 Miniatures Museum 37 La Cortinada Nature Centre 38 Cal Pal Mill and Sawmill 39 Farga Rossell Interpretation Centre 40 La Massana Còmic Museum 41 Casa Rull House-Museum 42 Romanesque Andorra Interpretation Centre 43 contents CIC Comapedrosa Visitor Interpretation Centre 44 La Margineda archaeological site 45 Tobacco Museum 46 Escaldes-Engordany Arts Centre (CAEE) 47 Perfume Museum 48 Exhibition Rooms and Art Galleries 49 TRAILS 50 The Iron Route 51 Country life trail 52 Vall del Madriu-Perafita-Claror 53 The Tourist Bus, the other Andorra 54 Romanesque Route 55 Canillo route 56 Encamp routes 57 Itineraris per Ordino 58 La Massana routes 59 02 Andorra la Vella routes 60 03 Sant Julià de Lòria routes 61 Escaldes-Engordany routes 62 CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE 63 Andorra la Vella 64 Sant Julià de Lòria 65 Escaldes-Engordany 66 SCULPTURES AND SPRINGS 67 Canillo 68 Encamp 70 Ordino 71 La Massana 72 Andorra la Vella 73 Sant Julià de Lòria 75 Escaldes-Engordany 76 FESTIVALS AND CULTURAL EVENTS 78 QUICK GUIDE 80 GENERAL INFORMATION 84 BROCHURES 86 Casa de la Vall History of Andorra Legend has it that Charlemagne two rulings, called Parlatges (1278 founded Andorra in 805 in re- and 1288), which were agreed cognition of the aid provided by upon between the bishop of Ur- its inhabitants in his fight against gell, Pere d’Urg, and the Count of the Saracens. However, the ear- Foix, Roger Bernat III. The signing liest document known to mention of the first ruling (1278) establis- the country is the act of consecra- hed the basis for co-sovereignty tion of the cathedral of Santa Mar- and signified the establishment of la of Urgell in the mid-9th century, the Principality of Andorra. The se- which names the parishes (admi- cond ruling (1288) supplemented nistrative and territorial divisions) the first and regulated other obli- of Andorra as the fiefdom of the gations, such as military service Counts of Urgell. In the mid-10th and the administration of justice. century, the dominion of a num- The pact was maintained over ber of secular and ecclesiastical time with significant changes, to rulers led to the appearance of for- the point where the current Cons- tresses, towers and churches that titution of Andorra enshrines the can still be seen today. During the concept of “co-principality” and 11th century the power of the bis- the bishop of Urgell and the pre- hops of Urgell extended progressi- sident of the Republic of France vely through Andorra, to the point perform the functions of co-prin- where it became an ecclesiastical ces of Andorra on equal terms and domain in 1133. in their individual capacities. In the 13th century a period of During the 15th century, the Cou- struggles and hostilities began nts of Foix assumed sovereignty of between the bishops of Urgell Navarra and when, in 1589, Henry, and the Counts of Folx for the King of Navarra and Count of Folx, sovereignty over Andorra. These Viscount of Béarn and Lord of An- hostilities ended in the signing of dorra, ascended to the French thro- ne, his co-dominion over Andorra impact of both the Spanish Civil as Count of Foix became fused with War and the Second World War led the French crown. In 1793, due to to the development of commercial the feudal origin of the bonds lin- activity based on the circulation king Andorra to France, the French of merchandise and currencies. Republicans refused to recognise The Principality then began a the relationship with Andorra and, progressive process of adaptation in 1806, Napoleon restored both and change and has evolved into the feudal tradition and the French the Andorra of tourism and finance claim to co-rulership over the Prin- that we know today. cipality of Andorra. The creation of the Executive The first form of parliament to be Council in 1981 was the first created was the Land Council, in step in a series of reforms in the 1419, the objective of which was to Principality of Andorra which resolve problems within the commu- culminated with the enactment, nity. The current General Council has on the 14th of March, 1993, of evolved since 1702 and now regula- the first Constitution of Andorra, tes administration, policy, jurisdiction which converted the Principality and legislation in the Principality. into an independent, de jure, social, democratic state and In the second half of the 19th 04 established new definitions of 05 century the ‘New Reform’ (1866) the powers of the institutions. On brought substantial changes to the 28th of July, 1993, Andorra the political and administrative became a member of the United running of Andorra. Suffrage was Nations, a fact that is testament granted to all heads of household to the country’s international and the powers of the General recognition. The Principality also Council were increased. forms part of other international The frontier nature of Andorra has organizations, such as the Council been a determining factor in its of Europe, of which it has been a growth and modernization. The member since 1994. Casa de la Vall Churches and monuments Sant Climent de Pal Church Churches and monuments Like the rest of the Pyrenean styles quickly became established. region, Andorra is a place of Andorran Romanesque art and transit, convergence and trade, architecture tell the story of the factors which have led to the formation of the first parish com- fusion of external influences munities and power structures and with local artistic tradition. The help to explain the widespread Principality’s emblematic chur- fascination with mystery and the ches are especially attractive to inexpressible. Architecturally, the visitors for their value as monu- pre-Romanesque and Romanes- ments and architectural sites, que churches are simple, modest and offer a genuinely unique op- constructions. Unpretentious and portunity to explore the history plainly decorated, they neverthe- and culture of the country. less follow the basic premises of this style, which flourished bet- The pre-Romanesque ween the 11th and 12th centuries, and Romanesque perio- and portray the evolution of the ds of artistic expression style from its conception per se lasted longer in the Prin- to the point where it acquired the cipality than in other places in forms and dimensions of the fully- Europe, where other architectural fledged Romanesque style. Sant Joan de Caselles Church The building dates from the The Motorcycle Museum, located 11th-12th century and follows next to the church, traces the his- the architectural style of other tory of motorcycles beginning in Andorran Romanesque churches, the early 20th century (p. 30). 06 comprising a single rectangular 07 nave with wooden ceiling, a semi-circular apse and Lombard- style bell tower. It preserves two archways which were probably built in the 16th and 17th centuries. The interior houses the remains of a 12th century stucco Roma- nesque Majesty surrounded by a mural showing the crucifixion with Longinus and Stephanon ac- companied by the Sun and Moon. Sant Joan de Caselles Behind the altar grill is an altarpiece Ctra. general, s/n of significant artistic value dating AD100 Canillo from 1527 which shows Italian and German Renaissance influen- Canillo Tourist Office ces and portrays scenes from the Tel.: (+376) 753 600 life and martyrdom of Saint John, [email protected] · www.vdc.ad author of the book of Revelations Aina and patron saint of the church. The Tel.: (+376) 851 434 building is the work of Miquel Ra- www.aina.ad mells i Guy Borgonyô. €: Entry is free Sant Serni de Canillo Church The church of Sant Serni was the area will reveal some of the built between 1758 and 1768 and town’s exceptional old houses. overseen by master builders Pere Moles and Francesc Porta from La Seu d’Urgell. Thanks to archaeological excava- tions of the central nave, we know that the site housed a previous church which was dedicated to Sant Serni and which is first men- tioned in 1099. The church houses a late 14th- century Gothic-style cross made from polychrome wood as well as a number of Baroque altarpieces by renowned artists such as Jeroni Sant Serni de Canillo de Heredia, painted in the 17th Plaça de Sant Serni AD100 Canillo century. Outside, at the entrance to the church, there is a font which is now used as a fountain. Canillo Tourist Office Tel.: (+376) 753 600 The church is part of historic quar- [email protected] · www.vdc.ad ter of Canillo and a stroll around €: Entry is free Nostra Senyora de Meritxell Sanctuary Basilica The historical site of Meritxell ‘marededéus trobades’ (found comprises two buildings: the old statues of Our Lady) in Catalonia. sanctuary or church of Santa Ma- ria - dating to the Romanesque but having undergone major renova- tion in the Baroque period - and 08 the new building designed by ar- 09 chitect Ricard Bofill and opened in 1976.