GNSS Vulnerability Issues in Korea
May 14, 2013
Sang Jeong Lee National GNSS Research Center Chungnam National University [email protected] Contents
. GPS jamming in Korea
. GoK policy
. GBAS deployment plan
. JLOC as a National Agenda Program
2 National GNSS Research Center, CNU May 14. 2013. GPS Jamming in Korea
GNSS Vulnerability . Critical issue especially for infrastructure, e.g. airport, wireless communications network GPS jamming in Korea . GPS disruptions for the past three years due to North Korean jamming(reported by the Central Radio Management Office of
South Korea) GPS jamming
Aug 23–26, Mar 4–14, Apr 28 – May 13, Jammer Dates 2010 2011 2012 50~100Km area North Korea jamming (16 days) (4 days) (11 days) (Maximum GaeSeong 400Km) Kaesong, HaeJu Jammer Kaesong Mountain Kaesong locations Kumgang
Seoul Affected Gimpo, Paju, Gimpo, Paju, Gimpo, Paju, Incheon areas etc. Gangwon, etc. etc. International Effected the Airport communication and some of 181 cell 145 cell military South Korea GPS towers, towers, 1,016 airplanes, equipment disruptions 15 airplanes, 106 airplanes, 254 ships 1 battle ship 10 ships 3 National GNSS Research Center, CNU May 14. 2013. GoK Policy
GNSS vulnerability issues in civil applications . GBAS deployment plans . Widely deployed wireless communications network
Governmental policy . International cooperation • ICAO, ITU . Development of countermeasures • Field manuals in case of jamming • Jammer location technology
4 National GNSS Research Center, CNU May 14. 2013. International Cooperation
ITU(2012.05.11) . the problem about ‘whether the North Korea jamming violate or obey the international regulation’
ICAO(2012.07.05) . Expressed serious concern about North Korea's GPS jamming and urged to prevent recurrence of similar incidents . ITU and ICAO will conduct joint research about the impact of GPS jamming in the international civil aviation . Notice the decision of the board of directors for all 191 ICAO member states
National GNSS Research Center, CNU May 14. 2013. National Countermeasures
Ministry of Security and Public Administration (2012.12, 2013.02) . prepare the field manual in case of GPS jamming
Korea Communications Commission (2013.02.18) . operate the warning system and GPS emergency response team
Development of Countermeasure for Safety of Life application . GBAS Development plans (2010~2014) . JLOC as National Agenda Program (2010~2015) • To protect integrity, ground facilities must quickly detect the presence of any hazardous interference falling within the restricted band used by GNSS • To protect availability, ground personnel must be able to quickly locate and deactivate the interference source
National GNSS Research Center, CNU May 14. 2013. GBAS Deployment Plans
Issues and Needs in Korea . Amount of the Air traffic increases 5% per year in Korea . Mountainous terrain over 70%, Airspace & Route are restricted due to MOA . Difficult to implement two-way ILS service in some airports . Demand for new green technologies for the aircraft operation * MOA : Military Operating Area
7 National GNSS Research Center, CNU May 14. 2013. GBAS Operational Technology Development GBAS CAT-I Operational Technology Development Program
Purpose Establish the GBAS Approval Process for Korea Build up the National Research Infrastructure and the GBAS Demo. Airport Develop the Research Capability for GBAS Technology Schedule 2010. 10. ~ 2014. 8. (3 Years and 11 Months) Supported by MLTM (Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs) Scope Establish the FAA Certified System at the GBAS Demonstration Airport Develop the T&E Equipment and System for Approval Activities; SDA, FA, OA Build up the Government Approval Process and TDP Establish the Korean Ionosphere Threat Model Improve the Integrity S/W with Field Data Verification
National GNSS Research Center, CNU May 14. 2013. GBAS Operational Technology Development Milestone of GBAS
1st Year 2nd Year 3rd Year 4th Year (2010. 9 – 2010. 8) (2011. 9 – 2012. 8) (2012. 9 – 2013. 8) (2013. 9 – 2014. 8)
10-11 12-2 3-5 6-8 9-11 12-2 3-5 6-8 9-11 12-2 3-5 6-8 9-11 12-2 3-5 6-8
GBAS
SAT
GBAS Contract GBAS
GBAS KARI GBAS
KOM (PMP, TEMP) KOM(PMP,
Acceptance
GBAS Selection GBAS
MSD,Stability
FAT
Test
Approval process
Study Airport Procedure
Civil Work development
Test
Ground Test Ground
Construction Plan Construction
FRR
Flight test test & Flight
Permission
Final report Final
Test Test Airport
Civil Work Work Civil
Site Site Survey
TRR
inspection
Test Test Airport
T&E Design T&E
Selection
Site Site Survey
Equipment
PMP : Project Management Plan TEMP : T&E Master Plan FAT : Factory Acceptance Test TRR : Test Readiness Review MSD : Measured Site Data SAT : Site Acceptance Test FRR : Flight Readiness Review
National GNSS Research Center, CNU May 14. 2013. Summary
Finished Site Survey/Site selection and started civil work for installing GBAS Ground system at Gimpo Airport. Developed Test Equipment and decided Testing/Inspection Requirements for Ground/Flight testing and inspection of GBAS Designed GBAS Flight Procedure(ILS-like) for GLS GBAS Ground system will be installed into Gimpo Airport by the 2nd Quarter of this year.
National GNSS Research Center, CNU May 14. 2013. Jammer Location Technology as a National Agenda Program
Funded by Korea Research Council of Fundamental Science Technology in 2010~2015 Development of Jammer location technologies for GBAS operation
11 National GNSS Research Center, CNU May 14. 2013. System configuration for field test .
Control Station Monitoring Station IF Snapshot Google Map Data Sampling Data Collection (4xTDOA, 2xAOA) Jammer Location TCP/IP, Monitor TDOA, result AOA Server, algorithm Algorithm HTTP HTTP processor Jammer Wireless IF data Location Network storage Algorithm
Control Station H/W Wireless Network
Antenna
Jamming Signal Receiving Station Power supply RF/IF signal processor Time synchronization Jamming Jamming Jamming Jamming processor Signal Signal Signal Signal Receiver Receiver Receiver Receiver (TDOA,AOA) (TDOA,AOA) (TDOA) (TDOA)
Receiving Station H/W CW, DSSS Jamming Signal 12 National GNSS Research Center, CNU Jamming Signal May 14. 2013. TDOA Data Sever/HDD PC Antenna Receiver AOA Data Data Google TDOA Receiver receive S/W Map Antenna REF/Time Web AOA Syn. Supply Server Antenna Novatel Controller Power Supply AOA/TDOA Data Receiver
Power REF Clock/Time Sync. Supply Hardware Data trans. SW Software 5 element array antenna Novatel, DL V3 Receiver 13 National GNSS Research Center, CNU May 14. 2013. Field test environment.
. System operation confirmation . GPS receiver operation confirmed . Wireless Network confirmed
. Jamming signal transmission(A site) . Jammer location operation confirmed
. Jamming signal shutdown(A site) . GPS receiver reoperation confirmed
14 National GNSS Research Center, CNU Experimental field May 14. 2013. Field test environment
. Location : a radio test site of a national research center
Control Station
4th signal receiving station 3rd signal receiving station
1st signal receiving station Reference station(for TDOA) 15 National GNSS Research Center, CNU 2ed signal receiving station May 14. 2013. Experimental environment Field test results.
TDOA algorithm
Correlation result TDOA measurement TDOA measurement
7 x 10 correlation function(Rcv1-Rcv1), peak = 151 1.12
1.115 TDOA measurement(Rcv1-Rcv2), var = 7.3011
1.11 -114
1.105 -116 1.1 -118 1.095
Correlation value Correlation -120 1.09 Reference 1.085 -122 10m 1.08 -124
1.075 station 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 -126 Sample TDOA measurement
7 x 10 correlation function(Rcv1-Rcv2), peak = 191 -128 1.468 Variance = 7.3m -130 TDOA meas. 1 1.466 -132 1.464 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 time[s] 1.462 TDOA measurement(Rcv1-Rcv3), var = 3.4968
1.46
468 Correlation value Correlation
1.458 466
2ed signal 1.456 464
1.454 462 receiving station 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 NE plot, var = 72.1007 var = 968.9204 Sample N E 460 7 x 10 correlation function(Rcv1-Rcv3), peak = 38 1.175 10m TDOA meas. 2 458
456 TDOA TDOA measurement CEP = 23.9m 1.17
454 350 1.165 Variance = 3.5m 452 150m 450
1.16 Correlation value Correlation 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 300 time[s] 1.155 TDOA measurement(Rcv1-Rcv4), var = 3.2477 3rd signal 218 50m 1.15 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 216
receiving station North Sample TDOA meas. 3 250 214 7 x 10 correlation function(Rcv1-Rcv4), peak = 97 1.09 212
210 200 208 1.085 10m True position
206 TDOA TDOA measurement
204 Correlation value Correlation 1.08 202 Variance = 3.3m 150 200 600 650 700 750 800 198 1.075 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 16 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 East National4th signal GNSS Research Center,Sample CNU time[s] receiving stationMay 14. 2013. Field test results.
AOA algorithm
AOA measurement
1st signal receiving station
2ed signal receiving station Improvement is being done 17 National GNSS Research Center, CNU May 14. 2013. Future work
modification . Improvement of AOA technique (Multi, Dynamic . Considering dynamic jammer using FDOA, Jammer) TDOA/FDOA algorithm . Considering multiple jammers . Other jammer type . CW, DSSS, Swept, Pulse Implementation . Synchronization at Airport . GPS sync. Atomic clock sync.
Jammer Location . Implementation at an airport test bed Operation
18 National GNSS Research Center, CNU May 14. 2013. Milestone of NAP
1st Year 2nd Year 3rd Year 4th Year 5th Year 6th Year 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
1-6 7-12 1-6 7-12 1-6 7-12 1-6 7-12 1-6 7-12 1-6 7-12
Feasibility test(H/W) Feasibility
Feasibility test(S/W) Feasibility
Preliminaryfor JLOC
Specification for Specification
Component test Component
Field test environment test Field
Final field test field Final
jammer localization technologies jammer technologies localization
Implementation at at theImplementation
international airport international
field test field
(GPS clock clock (GPS clock) →Atomic
construction
Jammer Jammer System Localization
Time Time synchronization
Developmentof
Test
Algorithm complementation Algorithm
-
operation
formulti
-
jammer
reconfiguration
H/W & S/W S/W & H/W
Field test Field
19 National GNSS Research Center, CNU May 14. 2013. Thank you for your attention
20 National GNSS Research Center, CNU May 14. 2013.