DOCSLIB.ORG

Identification and Parentage Analysis of Citrus Cultivars Developed in Japan by CAPS Markers

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Identification and Parentage Analysis of Citrus Cultivars Developed in Japan by CAPS Markers The Horticulture Journal 86 (2): 208–221. 2017. e Japanese Society for doi: 10.2503/hortj.OKD-026 JSHS Horticultural Science http://www.jshs.jp/ Identification and Parentage Analysis of Citrus Cultivars Developed in Japan by CAPS Markers Keisuke Nonaka1*, Hiroshi Fujii1, Masayuki Kita2, Takehiko Shimada1, Tomoko Endo1, Terutaka Yoshioka1 and Mitsuo Omura3 1NARO Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, Shizuoka 424-0292, Japan 2NARO Western Region Agricultural Research Center, Zentsuji 765-8508, Japan 3Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan To protect the rights of breeders of the major citrus cultivars developed under breeding programs by the national institute of Japan, we developed a method of cultivar identification based on cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) markers, and used it to evaluate their identity and parentage. We selected 19 CAPS markers that had a single-locus origin and moderate polymorphism, and used them to construct genotyping data for 59 citrus cultivars (including American accessions), local varieties, and selections. Of the 19 CAPS markers, 8 were sufficient to discriminate among all accessions except ‘Mato’ buntan (Citrus grandis Osbeck) and ‘Hirado’ buntan (Citrus grandis Osbeck). Among the 33 Japanese cultivars, the parentage of 30 agreed with that reported, but ‘Setoka’, ‘Southern Red’, and ‘Reikou’ had discrepancies at one or more loci. Using 15 to 18 CAPS markers to validate the putative parentage revealed that the seed parent of ‘Setoka’ was ‘KyEn No. 4’, not ‘Tsunonozomi’, and the pollen parent of ‘Southern Red’ was ‘Osceola’, not ponkan (C. reticulate Blanco). The seed parent of ‘Reikou’ remains unknown. Key Words: breeder rights, genotype, ‘Reikou’, ‘Setoka’, ‘Southern Red’. simultaneously consider how to protect the rights of Introduction farmers and plant breeders from unwarranted damage Citrus is one of the most important genera of fruit concerning the outflow of a new cultivar overseas and trees that are adapted to temperate and subtropical areas the inflow of such products back to the host country. of Japan. The citrus cross-breeding program in Japan Therefore, it has become necessary to develop cultivar began in 1937 at the National Horticulture Research identification techniques (Kunihisa et al., 2003; Station of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, now Ninomiya et al., 2015). The rights of plant breeders are the Okitsu Citrus Research Station of the National of increasing interest worldwide. The International Agriculture and Food Research Organization Institute Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants of Fruit Tree Science (NIFTS). The program has con- (UPOV; http://www.upov.int/index_en.html, June 14, tinued since 1964 at the NIFTS Okitsu and Kuchinotsu 2016) has provided and promoted effective systems of Citrus Research Stations. It is focused mainly on im- plant variety protection. For example, UPOV’s working proving fruit quality, with the goals of a high sugar con- group on Biochemical and Molecular Techniques, and tent, excellent flavor, seedlessness, ease of peeling, and DNA-profiling in particular (BMT), has encouraged the presence of a thin locular membrane, which are charac- use of DNA profiling techniques to protect the rights of teristics specific to mandarins. The program released 41 plant breeders (Shoda et al., 2012). new citrus cultivars by means of controlled cross- To help identify citrus cultivars developed in Japan breeding between 1963 and 2014. by using DNA-profiling techniques, several research When we develop a new plant cultivar, we must groups have reported the development of DNA markers (Matsuyama et al., 1992; Omura et al., 2004; Ueda et al., 2003). However, information on these markers, Received; June 14, 2016. Accepted; August 17, 2016. First Published Online in J-STAGE on October 4, 2016. their polymorphisms and their application to important * Corresponding author (E-mail: [email protected]). commercial cultivars has not been made fully available © 2017 The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science (JSHS), All rights reserved. Hort. J. 86 (2): 208–221. 2017. 209 to the public. Recently, Ninomiya et al. (2015) reported et al., 1999d; Moriya et al., 2011; Ninomiya et al., that 33 citrus cultivars or accessions, including 7 local 2015; Sawamura et al., 2004, 2008; Yamamoto et al., varieties and 11 cultivars collected from abroad, could 2003). However, citrus cultivars developed in the be identified from polymorphisms at 11 cleaved ampli- NIFTS breeding program have generally not been in- fied polymorphic sequence (CAPS) markers. However, vestigated to confirm their parent–offspring relation- this information was not sufficient because the acces- ships, even though they have frequently been used as sions they examined included only 8 of 41 cultivars de- parents in other breeding programs. veloped by NIFTS that are commercially produced and Here, we aimed at establishing a method for identifi- frequently used as parents in citrus breeding programs cation of the citrus cultivars developed by the citrus in Japan. breeding program in Japan by using a subset of the In Citrus, a variety of DNA marker types have been CAPS markers developed by Shimada et al. (2014). We developed. These include random amplified polymor- also aimed at confirming the parent–offspring relation- phic DNA (RAPD), restriction-fragment-length poly- ships of these cultivars by adding related cultivars and morphism (RFLP), amplified-fragment-length selections in the analysis to increase the reliability of polymorphism (AFLP), CAPS, and simple sequence re- the identification. Using the results of this analysis, we peat (SSR) markers (Cai et al., 1994; Chen et al., 2008; investigated candidate parents of the cultivars that had Jarrell et al., 1992; Ollitrault et al., 2010; Omura et al., discrepancies in the parent–offspring relationships. 2003; Ruiz and Asins, 2003; Shimada et al., 2014). Materials and Methods CAPS markers utilize amplified DNA fragments di- gested with a restriction endonuclease to reveal Plant material and DNA preparation restriction-site polymorphisms (Konieczny and We selected 59 citrus cultivars, local varieties and se- Ausubel, 1993). CAPS markers have several advan- lections that were developed or used as parents in the tages for the identification of cultivars and for parent- NIFTS citrus breeding program (Table 1), for use in the age analysis. They are more applicable to a wide range CAPS analysis. ‘Okitsu-wase’, ‘Trovita’, and ‘Yoshida’ of cultivars and selections than is the case for RAPD were chosen for the analysis as representative mutants and RFLP molecular-marker systems. In addition, they of satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.), sweet are easy to assay, require only a few nanograms of orange (C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck), and ponkan DNA for the PCR amplification, and are mainly in- (C. reticulata Blanco), respectively. All plant materials herited in a codominant manner. CAPS markers are ro- were obtained from the NIFTS collections at bust because an amplified product is always obtained, Kuchinotsu Citrus Research Station (Nagasaki, Japan) whereas RAPD and AFLP markers have inherently null and Okitsu Citrus Research Station (Shizuoka, Japan). alleles (Iwata et al., 2001). Shimada et al. (2014) devel- Total DNA was isolated from fully expanded fresh oped 708 CAPS markers from sequenced-tagged-site leaves by using the Qiagen DNeasy Plant Mini Kit (STS) primers with designs based on cDNA (i.e., ex- (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany), following the manufactur- pressed sequence tags; ESTs) and used them to con- er’s instructions. struct a linkage map for citrus. Pedigree information is also important for traditional CAPS analysis fruit tree breeding to estimate the values of various pa- The CAPS genotypes were identified by using 37 of rameters for genetic analysis or to predict the target trait the citrus CAPS markers developed by Shimada et al. characteristics of the offspring (Sato et al., 2006; (2014) that showed high versatility in the cultivars and Yamada et al., 1994, 1995b, 1997). As high-throughput selections used in this study (Table 2). Each CAPS am- single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping plification was conducted in 12.5 μL of 10 mM technologies have developed rapidly, a genotyping Tris·HCl (pH 8.3), 50 mM KCl, 2.5 mM MgCl2, method for SNPs based on the GoldenGate assay 0.16 mM each dNTP, 10 pM each forward and reverse (Illumina, San Diego, California, USA) has been devel- primers, 10 ng of genomic DNA, 1.25 units of oped for citrus (Fujii et al., 2013b). Unfortunately, mis- AmpliTaq Gold DNA polymerase (Roche, Branchburg, genotyping often occurs in high-throughput genotyping NJ, USA), and the manufacturer’s PCR buffer for the (Close et al., 2009). Fujii et al. (2013b) showed that polymerase. After 10 min of denaturation at 94.5°C, parentage information could be used to detect mis- amplification was performed using 35 cycles of 1 min genotyping. Therefore, it is also important to confirm denaturation at 94°C, 1 min annealing at 52 to 64°C parent–offspring relationships for cultivars by using tra- (Table 2), and a 2 min extension at 70°C, followed by a ditional molecular markers and to provide the correct 10-min final extension at 70°C. The PCR products were pedigree information for use in fruit tree breeding pro- checked using a 200-bp ladder marker using 1.5% aga- grams. In perennial fruit tree species, discrepancies in rose gel electrophoresis. parent–offspring relationships of some cultivars have The PCR products were digested with restriction en- been found and corrected by using molecular markers zymes (Takara Bio Inc., Shiga, Japan) (Table 2) under (Kimura et al., 2003; Kitahara et al., 2005; Matsumoto the following conditions. We mixed 4 μL of the PCR Table210 1. Citrus cultivars, local varieties,K. Nonaka, and other H. Fujii, selections M. Kita, used T. inShimada, the present T. Endo, study. T. Cultivars Yoshioka 1 andto 33 M. were Omura developed by the citrus breeding pro- gram at the national institute of Japan and were used for parentage analysis.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Reaction of Tangerines Genotypes to Elsinoe Fawcettiiunder
    Reaction of tangerines genotypes to Elsinoe fawcettii under natural infection conditions Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology 11: 77-81, 2011 Brazilian Society of Plant Breeding. Printed in Brazil Reaction of tangerines genotypes to Elsinoe fawcettii under natural infection conditions Marcelo Claro de Souza1*, Eduardo Sanches Stuchi2 and Antonio de Goes3 Received 11 February 2010 Accepted 30 September 2010 ABSTRACT - A citrus scab disease, caused by Elsinoe fawcettii, is currently found in all citrus areas throughout Brazil. That being, given the importance of this casual agent, the behavior of tangerines and hybrids influenced by this pathogen was evaluated under natural infection conditions. This study was performed with plants around 15 years old without irrigation; 100 fruits of three plants were collected during harvest season, using a grade scale varying from 0 (absence of symptoms) to 6 (severe symptoms) the level of disease severity was determined. Among the cultivars, citrus scab resistance was observed in Citrus deliciosa, C. tangerina, C. nobilis; a mandarin hybrid (C. nobilis x C. deliciosa) and a satsuma hybrid (C. unshiu x C. sinensis). Among the other genotypes, symptoms were observed with levels of severity ranging from 1 to 3, indicating moderate resistance. Key words: Citrus scab, citrus crop, resistant varieties. INTRODUCTION In Brazil, E. fawcettii is responsible for citrus scab. The disease is widespread in many humid, citrus-cultivating In many citrus production areas around the world, areas around the world and decreases fruit values on the Elsinoe fawcettii is one of the main fungi diseases found. fresh-fruit market (Feichtenberger et al. 1986). In young It attacks a wide variety of citrus species and cultivars, plants or under severe infection, it may cause significant resulting in scab disease on leaves, twigs, and fruits (Timmer fruit drop.
    [Show full text]
  • CITRUS BUDWOOD Annual Report 2017-2018
    CITRUS BUDWOOD Annual Report 2017-2018 Citrus Nurseries affected by Hurricane Irma, September 2017 Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services Our Vision The Bureau of Citrus Budwood Registration will be diligent in providing high yielding, pathogen tested, quality budlines that will positively impact the productivity and prosperity of our citrus industry. Our Mission The Bureau of Citrus Budwood Registration administers a program to assist growers and nurserymen in producing citrus nursery trees that are believed to be horticulturally true to varietal type, productive, and free from certain recognizable bud-transmissible diseases detrimental to fruit production and tree longevity. Annual Report 2018 July 1, 2017 – June 30, 2018 Bureau of Citrus Budwood Registration Ben Rosson, Chief This is the 64th year of the Citrus Budwood Registration Program which began in Florida in 1953. Citrus budwood registration and certification programs are vital to having a healthy commercial citrus industry. Clean stock emerging from certification programs is the best way to avoid costly disease catastrophes in young plantings and their spread to older groves. Certification programs also restrict or prevent pathogens from quickly spreading within growing areas. Regulatory endeavors have better prospects of containing or eradicating new disease outbreaks if certification programs are in place to control germplasm movement. Budwood registration has the added benefit in allowing true-to-type budlines to be propagated. The selection of high quality cultivars for clonal propagation gives growers uniform plantings of high quality trees. The original mother stock selected for inclusion in the Florida budwood program is horticulturally evaluated for superior performance, either by researchers, growers or bureau staff.
    [Show full text]
  • 213 Part 319—Foreign Quarantine Notices
    Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, USDA Pt. 319 States, or the continental United 319.8–14 Mexican cotton and covers not oth- States.’’ erwise enterable. [24 FR 10777, Dec. 29, 1959, as amended at 66 MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS FR 21054, Apr. 27, 2001] 319.8–16 Importation into United States of cotton and covers exported therefrom. PART 319—FOREIGN QUARANTINE 319.8–17 Importation for exportation, and importation for transportation and ex- NOTICES portation; storage. 319.8–18 Samples. Subpart—Preemption 319.8–19–20 [Reserved] 319.8–21 Release of cotton and covers after 319.1 Preemption of State and local laws. 18 months’ storage. 319.8–22 Ports of entry or export. Subpart—Requests To Amend The 319.8–23 Treatment. Regulations 319.8–24 Collection and disposal of waste. 319.8–25 Costs and charges. 319.5 Requirements for submitting requests 319.8–26 Material refused entry. to change the regulations in 7 CFR part 319. Subpart—Sugarcane Subpart—Controlled Import Permits 319.15 Notice of quarantine. 319.15a Administrative instructions and in- 319.6 Controlled import permits. terpretation relating to entry into Guam of bagasse and related sugarcane prod- Subpart—Permits: Application, Issuance, ucts. Denial, and Revocation 319.7 Definitions. Subpart—Citrus Canker and Other Citrus 319.7–1 Applying for a permit. Diseases 319.7–2 Issuance of permits and labels. 319.19 Notice of quarantine. 319.7–3 Denial of permits. 319.7–4 Withdrawal, cancellation, and rev- Subpart—Corn Diseases ocation of permits. 319.7–5 Appeal of denial or revocation. QUARANTINE Subpart—Foreign Cotton and Covers 319.24 Notice of quarantine.
    [Show full text]
  • Tangerine Dreams Squeezed Into Whisky Or Steeped in a Bath— Japanese Citrus Works Its Magic on Adam H
    ESSAY Tangerine Dreams Squeezed into whisky or steeped in a bath— Japanese citrus works its magic on Adam H. Graham. ILLUSTRATED BY WASINEE CHANTAKORN ANY FOOD TRAVELER worth their salt accepts past stretches of sun-kissed orange groves that certain items never taste as good at home punctuated by views of the tranquil azure as they do at their source. I’ve sampled zesty ocean, and roadside stands selling boxes full olive oils in Italy, sipped tasty zin in Oz, and of the orange balls for ¥100. These ponkan, devoured strange fruit in Colombia... and also known as Chinese honey oranges, are every one, after being wrapped, packed and harvested on Yakushima in December. While hauled home, lost a little bit of magic if not a I sat slouched in the boxy car, queasy from my whole lot of flavor. This rule is also true of stomach bug, my guide, eager to redeem the Japanese citrus fruits, which, according to experience, asked if I wanted to taste a freshly Japan’s unique Tanaka classification system, plucked ponkan. “It will help your stomach,” exist in 162 varietals, each as subtle and she said. I was skeptical, but acquiesced. nuanced as you’d expect of something that’s She stopped the car and plucked an been crossbred in the country for 2,000 years. armful from a tree and offered me pick of the My first brush with Japanese citrus was litter. The peel fell away and the flesh inside in December 2012 on a crazy one-night trip was sweet, juicy and especially fragrant, to the island of Yakushima to celebrate my somewhere on the citrus scale between 40th birthday.
    [Show full text]
  • Citrus Breeding
    1/25/2019 Mission of citrus breeding in NIFTS Development of diverse varieties to satisfy commercial needs Improvement of overall fruit quality for premium fruit Citrus breeding 2.0 Minimize the period to release a new citrus variety A novel approach integrating deciphered parentage and Kiyomi Shiranuhi Amakusa Harumi Setoka Seinannohikari Harehime genomics-assisted selection 1979 1995 1999 1999 2002 2002 Tokurou Shimizu Reiko Tamami Benibae Haruhi Asumi Mihaya Rinoka Asuki Mai Minamikawa, Keisuke Nonaka, Terutaka Yoshioka, Eli Kaminuma, Hiroyoshi Iwata 2004 2005 2006 2009 2012 2012 2014 2017 Citrus breeding – three conventional approaches Workflow of citrus breeding in NIFTS Mutation breeding Cross breeding is the best approach for developing premium new cultivars • Mutant selection of a sport or from nucellar seedlings However, it takes about 20 years to select one promising scion from ~ 5,000 • Mutation induction by irradiation or chemicals seedlings • Less efforts to discover a mutant Genomics assisted selection is highly anticipated to reduce the cost of breeding, and improve the efficiency to select candidate scions • Limited change of trait Workflow of conventional breeding 2nd trial Cross breeding Sawing Grafting 1st flower 1st trial Clone test • Hybrid selection from a single cross of diploid 22.8 yrs in average • Valid to obtain unique variety • Longer breeding period than mutation breeding ~5,000/yr ~1,000/yr ~10yrs Polyploid breeding • Triploid or tetraploid selection • Benefit of seedless variety development • Large
    [Show full text]
  • Genetic Differences and Environmental Variations in Carotenoid Contents of Fruit Flesh in Parental Population Used in Citrus Breeding in Japan
    J. AMER.SOC.HORT.SCI. 137(4):243–249. 2012. Genetic Differences and Environmental Variations in Carotenoid Contents of Fruit Flesh in Parental Population Used in Citrus Breeding in Japan Keisuke Nonaka1 Citrus Research Division, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization Institute of Fruit Tree Science (NIFTS), Minamishimabara, Nagasaki, 859-2501, Japan Masayuki Kita and Yoshinori Ikoma Citrus Research Division, NIFTS, Shimizu, Shizuoka, 424-0292, Japan Hiroshi Fukamachi and Atsushi Imai Citrus Research Division, NIFTS, Minamishimabara, Nagasaki, 859-2501, Japan Terutaka Yoshioka Citrus Research Division, NIFTS, Shimizu, Shizuoka, 424-0292, Japan Masahiko Yamada Breeding and Pest Management Division, NIFTS, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8605, Japan ADDITIONAL INDEX WORDS. breeding strategy, broad-sense heritability, b-cryptoxanthin, mandarin, location effect ABSTRACT. To aid the breeding of citrus (Citrus sp.) for high carotenoid content, we assayed the fruit flesh of 48 cultivars and selections within a parental population consisting of both old and new cultivars and selections at two locations in Japan. The mean total carotenoid (CAR) content across all 48 cultivars and selections over the two locations was 26.59 mgÁgL1 fresh weight (FW). The most prominent carotenoid was b-cryptoxanthin [BCR (12.09 mgÁgL1 FW)] followed by violaxanthin [VIO (8.04 mgÁgL1 FW)], z-carotene (2.27 mgÁgL1 FW), phytoene (1.86 mgÁgL1 FW), and b-carotene (0.96 mgÁgL1 FW). Broad-sense heritabilities of CAR, BCR, and VIO were 0.80 or greater based on a sample of five fruit on one tree per location in one time sampling for 1 year in a location, which were revealed to be large enough for gauging the genetic variation.
    [Show full text]
  • Home Site Map Privacy Policy Contact Ehime Mikan Harehime
    ●English ●中文（繁体語） ●日本語 Home Varieties of Citrus eat the whole fruit seedless easy to peel with hands with inner thin skin Ehime Mikan Harehime Dekopon Iyokan Ponkan Setoka Haruka Kiyomi Kara Kawachi-Bankan Beni-Madonna Kanpei Home │ Site map │ Privacy policy │ Contact Copyright © Ehime “Ai-Food” promotion Organaization All Rights Reserved. ●English ●中文（繁体語） ●日本語 Home Varieties of Citrus Ehime Mikan Easy to peel, Eat the whole fruit The reason of its high popularity is its easiness to eat. As easy to peel by When Japanese hear the word "Mandarin orange (mikan)", "Ehime" springs hand (so-called zipper skin) and seedless, you could eat a whole segment to their minds. Ehime is known as the Citrus Kingdom, and "Ehime Mikan" is even with inner skin. There is a good way to differentiate a delicious Mikan one of the best citrus fruits of Ehime. Raised by full of sunlight and the sea from others. Choose "Ehime Mikan" with more flatted head, smaller stem wind, "Ehime Mikan" has a fabulous taste with well-balanced sweetness and and deeper color. tartness. Everyone loves this cultivar. Note "Ehime Mikan" was widely cultivated around 1900, and its cultivation has been operated up to date. During this time, our predecessors have developed the technology of growing better mandarins. As result, Ehime boasts the top-class quality and high production of mandarins in Japan. *Reference from JA Standard 1・・・more than 5.0cm less than 6.1cm 2・・・more than6.1cm less than 7.3cm 3・・・more than 7.3cm less than 8.8cm 4・・・more than 8.8cm less than 10.2cm 5・・・more than 10.2cm less than 11.6cm Home │ Site map │ Privacy policy │ Contact Copyright © Ehime “Ai-Food” promotion Organaization All Rights Reserved.
    [Show full text]
  • Symptomatology of Citrus Mosaic Sadwavirus (Cimv) in Some Citrus Cultivars and Effect of Cimv Infection on Citrus Fruit Quality
    Plant Pathol. J. 36(1) : 106-110 (2020) https://doi.org/10.5423/PPJ.NT.07.2019.0192 The Plant Pathology Journal pISSN 1598-2254 eISSN 2093-9280 ©The Korean Society of Plant Pathology Note Open Access Symptomatology of Citrus mosaic sadwavirus (CiMV) in Some Citrus Cultivars and Effect of CiMV Infection on Citrus Fruit Quality Jae Wook Hyun *, Rok Yeon Hwang, Cheol Woo Choi, Kyung Eun Jung, and Seung Gab Han Citrus Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, RDA, Jeju 63607, Korea (Received on July 15, 2019; Revised on January 3, 2020; Accepted on January 6, 2020) Citrus mosaic sadwavirus (CiMV) is a closely related reveal that CiMV infection on citrus trees reduces the virus with the Satsuma dwarf virus (SDV) along with fruit quality of citrus. Navel orange infectious mottling virus (NIMV), Natsu- daidai dwarf virus (NDV), and Hyugagatsu virus (HV). Keywords : Citrus mosaic sadwavirus, fruit quality, symp- The present study found that the typical symptoms of tom CiMV-infected citrus fruits include the appearance of dark blue speckles or ringspots on fruit rinds and the Handling Editor : Ju-Yeon Yoon browning of oil glands in the spots as rind coloring be- gan. As rind coloring progressed, the spots gradually Citrus is one of the most important fruit crops worldwide, faded, whereas the browning of the oil glands worsened and the cultivation of late-maturity citrus cultivars includ- to the point that the tissues surrounding the oil glands ing ‘Setoka’ (Citrus hybrid ‘Setoka’), ‘Kanpei’ (C. hybrid became necrotic. In very early satsuma mandarins (Cit- ‘Kanpei’), ‘Ehime kashi No.
    [Show full text]
  • The Florida Citrus Repository
    The Florida Citrus Repository P. J. Sieburth Bureau of Citrus Budwood Registration, Division of Plant Industry, Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Winter Haven & LaCrosse, FL The Florida Citrus Repository at LaCrosse •PHASE ONE: •Isolated location •4 Green house bows •5,000 ft 2 of Offices & Labs •20,000 ft2 greenhouse space Varieties undergoing pathogen indexing at Gainesville/LaCrosse Daisy SL Mandarin CGIP-191 Atwood Navel CGIP-201 Nova Mandarin IR CGIP-200 Sukega Grapefruit CGIP-182 Cambria Navel CGIP-179NV (ZA) Hadas CGIP-221 Odem CGIP-219 Taylor Lee LS CGIP-185 (AUS) Chislett Late Navel CGIP-190 (CA) Kinnow CGIP-193, LS Mandarin (CA) Ruby Valencia CGIP-195 (ZA) Texas Transgenic CGIP-204 thru 218 C latipes CGIP-184 Meravit CGIP-220 Ryan Navel CGIP-186 (AUS) Wheeny Grapefruit CGIP-183 Clementine Haploid CGIP-180BP (ESP) Natal Sweet Orange CGIP-138 (BRA) Setoka Man CGIP-187NV (JPN) CITRUS BUDWOOD FLOWCHART Budwood Protection Program Pathogen testing Shoot-tip grafting Cultivar evaluation Multiplication Parent Trees Preservation Distribution Record tracking Breeding Programs Germplasm Introduction Program Outstanding new CHIEFLAND selections originating in New Germplasm FOUNDATION Florida (Imported Budwood) GREENHOUSES Foundation Trees Protected Budwood in Greenhouses Commercial Citrus Nurseries Sale to Commercial Growers OUR VISION The Bureau of Citrus Budwood Registration will be diligent in providing high yielding, pathogen tested, quality budlines that will positively impact the productivity and prosperity of our citrus industry. OUR MISSION The Bureau of Citrus Budwood Registration administers a program to assist growers and nurserymen in producing citrus nursery trees that are believed to be horticulturally true to varietal type, productive, and free from certain recognizable bud-transmissible diseases detrimental to fruit production and tree longevity.
    [Show full text]
  • Separation of Synephrine Enantiomers in Citrus Fruits by a Reversed Phase HPLC After Chiral Precolumn Derivatization
    ANALYTICAL SCIENCES APRIL 2019, VOL. 35 407 2019 © The Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry Separation of Synephrine Enantiomers in Citrus Fruits by a Reversed Phase HPLC after Chiral Precolumn Derivatization Sohei TANAKA,*1 Misaki SEKIGUCHI,*1 Atsushi YAMAMOTO,*2 Sen-ichi AIZAWA,*3 Kanta SATO,*4 Atsushi TAGA,*4 Hiroyuki TERASHIMA,*5 Yoshimi ISHIHARA,*1 and Shuji KODAMA*1† *1 School of Science, Tokai University, 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259–1292, Japan *2 Department of Biological Chemistry, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi 487–8501, Japan *3 Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama 930–8555, Japan *4 Department of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka 577–8502, Japan *5 GL Sciences Inc., 30F, Tokyo Square Tower, 6-22-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku, Tokyo 163–1130, Japan Racemic synephrine, which was transformed into diastereomers by derivatization with 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D- glucopyranosil isothiocyanate, was resolved by a reversed phase HPLC with UV detection at 254 nm. The total contents of synephrine enantiomers in citrus fruit samples were exocarp > mesocarp > endocarp > sarcocarp, suggesting that synephrine content of outer side of citrus fruits was higher than that of the inner side. (R)-Synephrine was detected in exocarp of eleven fresh citrus fruits, except for lemon, lime, and grapefruit samples. (S)-Synephrine was determined in the exocarp of four citrus fruits (mikan, orange, bitter orange, and ponkan samples) and the ratio of (S)-synephrine to total synephrine was 0.5 – 0.9%. The racemization of (R)-synephrine in aqueous solution during heating at 100°C was also examined.
    [Show full text]
  • WO 2017/151835 Al 8 September 2017 (08.09.2017) P O P C T
    (12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date WO 2017/151835 Al 8 September 2017 (08.09.2017) P O P C T (51) International Patent Classification: (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every A61K 8/34 (2006.01) A61K 8/98 (2006.01) kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, A61Q 19/00 (2006.01) AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BN, BR, BW, BY, BZ, CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DJ, DK, DM, (21) Number: International Application DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, PCT/US20 17/0203 12 HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IR, IS, JP, KE, KG, KH, KN, (22) International Filing Date: KP, KR, KW, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LU, LY, MA, 2 March 2017 (02.03.2017) MD, ME, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, OM, PA, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, (25) Filing Language: English RU, RW, SA, SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, (26) Publication Language: English TH, TJ, TM, TN, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW. (30) Priority Data: 62/302,972 3 March 2016 (03.03.2016) US (84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH, (71) Applicant: ACCESS BUSINESS GROUP INTERNA¬ GM, KE, LR, LS, MW, MZ, NA, RW, SD, SL, ST, SZ, TIONAL LLC [US/US]; 7575 Fulton Street East, Grand TZ, UG, ZM, ZW), Eurasian (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, RU, Rapids, Michigan 49355 (US).
    [Show full text]
  • Florida Citrus Germplasm Introduction Program
    Florida Citrus Germplasm Introduction Program A Publication of the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry Volume 1, Issue 4 April - Sept 2010 New Citrus Varieties Released From Quarantine Pub. # DACS-P-01612 Seven new varieties originating from ‘Ota 9’ mandarin (DPI 160) was Importation of foreign citrus is Australia, California, Israel and Italy were released to Dr. Fred Gmitter, UF-CREC prohibited in the state of Florida, released following successful completion for evaluation under Florida growing unless approved by the Director of of shoot-tip grafting, thermaltherapy, conditions. The variety is a seedy diploid the Division of Plant Industry. New laboratory testing and graft-inoculations. hybrid, mandarin crossed with a blood varieties must undergo processing by Italian varieties are licensed and supplied orange (Oroval x Tarocco) with extremely the Citrus Germplasm Introduction by Mr. Giuseppe Reforgiato Recupero, high levels of anthocyanins, flavonones Program, including quarantine, treatment and therapy for the removal Instituto Sperimentale per l’Agrumicoltura. and hydroxycinnnamic acids. Consumption of graft-transmissible pathogens, Israeli varieties are patented and supplied of fruit or juice of this variety could be followed by testing and indexing. New by Mr. Tal Amit, Citrus Marketing Board promoted for its enhanced nutritional value varieties are released from quarantine with budwood originating from the as well as the consumer’s well-being. It is when no pathogen is detected. Citrus Depository of Israel. Of the seven licensed for restricted use, and originates varieties, two arrived infected with graft- from Italy. INSIDE: transmissible agents (DPI 161 ‘Tetraploid TABLE: IMPORTED AND Murcott’ with citrus tristeza virus (CTV) and Tetraploid murcott (DPI 161) was DOMESTIC CITRUS VARIETIES 2 DPI 165 “Winola’ murcott with citrus viroid released to and solely for use by UF- IV (CVdIV)).
    [Show full text]