DOCSLIB.ORG

November 6, 2015

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
November 6, 2015 Vol. 73, No. 44 Nov. 6, 2015 Promoting stability Photos by Sgt. Jonathan C. Thibault Above: AH-64D Apache aircrews with 4th Combat Aviation Brigade, 4th Infantry Division, prepare to launch from Butts Army Airfi eld at Fort Carson Oct. 28. Left: UH-60 Black Hawks from 4th CAB depart Fort Carson Sunday en route to Texas for port operations. Once at the port, a maintenance team will prepare the aircraft for transport via ship to Afghanistan. About 1,000 Soldiers from 4th CAB will deploy this winter as part of a regular rotation of forces in support of combatant commander mission requirements for Operation Freedom’s Sentinel. “The unit is prepared to conduct full-spectrum aviation operations in order to promote security and stability in Afghanistan,” said Col. Lori L. Robinson, commander, 4th CAB. “We recognize the sacrifi ce that our Soldiers and Families endure throughout a deployment, but know and appreciate the support they will receive from Fort Carson and the Colorado Springs community.” Carson to update automated entry system Fort Carson Public Affairs Offi ce As of Saturday, all installation access Gate 3, Nov. 11-19 order to register in the new AIE 2+ system. badges issued will have an expiration date Gate 4, Nov. 20-29 The Fort Carson Security and Access Fort Carson will undergo upgrades to of Feb. 6 or earlier based on requested Gate 20, Nov. 30 to Dec.8 Control Division (SAC) of the Directorate the Automated Installation Entry (AIE) dates of access. All previously issued AIE Gate 5, Dec. 9-16 of Emergency Services will begin a system that will result in modifi cations installation access passes/badges will no Gate 2 (not currently open), Dec. 16-22 registration period from Jan. 4-15. to current access control procedures. longer work with the new AIE 2+ system From Nov. 16 to Dec. 11 the VCC In-lane registration will take place at all The changes began Saturday. Full and will therefore require new badges or registration stations will be upgraded. gates during this timeframe. Additional implementation of the AIE 2+ system passes beginning Feb. 6. Anyone with an During this time, the VCC will issue registration stations will be set up at will begin Feb. 6. installation access badge expiring after paper passes for personnel requesting various locations across Fort Carson in These upgrades are designed to Feb. 6 will be required to obtain a new AIE unescorted access to the installation. Passes order to facilitate a seamless registration enhance installation security through 2+ badge prior to that date. The Visitor issued will expire no later than Feb. 6. period prior to the Feb. 6 implementation automated personnel verifi cation and Control Center (VCC), adjacent to Gate All DOD identifi cation (ID) card date. Direct coordination between the authentication. With the upgrade, all 1, will begin issuing new passes Jan. 4. holders and contractors with Common DES SAC and Garrison directorates, non- personnel will scan identifi cation cards Fort Carson began upgrading the Access Cards (CAC) will have to register Garrison agencies/entities, brigade combat at the gates to undergo a National Crime hardware and software associated with for the new system via the Visitor Control teams/brigades and separate battalions will Information Center (NCIC) check. The the AIE system at the gates Saturday. During Center or through in-lane registration at occur over the month of November. Those scan also checks against the roster of this upgrade period, personnel can expect gates (to begin Jan. 4). Retirees and Family personnel who are not available to conduct individuals who are banned from the delays at various gates due to lane closures. members with older identifi cation cards AIE 2+ registration from Jan. 4-15 will be installation. The scan is expected to take Scheduled upgrades, which may be (Social Security number present on the required to visit the VCC or will be required only a few seconds for personnel who are adjusted due to weather, will take place: front of the ID) will be required to obtain to conduct in-lane AIE 2+ registration already registered in the AIE 2+ system. Gate 1, continues through Tuesday a new ID card at the ID Card section in at a gate after Feb. 6. Message board INSIDE Army pep rally Fort Carson will hold a U.S. Military Academy pep rally at 6 p.m. Friday in The Hub parking lot. The Army Black Knights take on the Air Force Falcons Saturday at the U.S. Air Force Academy. Pages 18-19 Page 3 Pages 8-9 2 MOUNTAINEER — Nov. 6, 2015 MOUNTAINEER Commanding General: Maj. Gen. Ryan F. Gonsalves Leaders thank team, Garrison Commander: Col. Joel D. Hamilton Fort Carson Public Affairs Offi cer: Dee McNutt veterans for service Chief, Print and Web Communications: Editor’s note: Leaders of the U.S. Army Installation attention and become bolder as they move around more and Rick Emert Management Command (IMCOM) issued the below travel greater distances seeking mates. Primarily nocturnal Editor: Devin Fisher message in honor of Veterans Day, which is celebrated feeders, deer are most active between sunset and sunrise, Wednesday. Lt. Gen. Kenneth R. Dahl replaced Lt. Gen. so take appropriate precautions. Staff writers : Jeanine Mezei David Halverson as the IMCOM commanding general Also, put the cell phone down. You can text about the Scott Prater during a ceremony Tuesday at Fort Sam Houston, Texas. deer later. You are a valuable member of our team, and we Happenings : Nel Lampe don’t want to lose you to a distracted driving incident. S p o r t s w ri te r : Walt Johnson Originally called Before the cold autumn Armistice Day, Veterans Day and winter weather sets in, be L a yo u t / g ra p h i c s : Jeanne Mazerall began as a commemoration sure to call your heating and of the ending of World War I cooling company to service your This commercial enterprise newspaper (Nov. 11, 1918). furnace. A specialist should is an authorized publication for members of the Department of Defense. Contents of the Twenty years later, inspect the furnace to make sure Mountaineer are not necessarily the offi cial after World War II, it was everything is in working order view of, or endorsed by, the U.S. Government or recognized as a day to pay and that there are no leaks. the Department of the Army. Printed circulation tribute to all service members Throughout this holiday is 8,000 copies. and offi cially became a we must stand by our respon- The editorial content of the Mountaineer is the respon sibility of the Public Affairs Offi ce, federal holiday. In 1956 sibilities. Be an example to Fort Carson, Colo., Tel.: 526-4144. The e-mail Armistice Day was your team in everything they address is [email protected]. re-designated as Veterans do from wearing a seatbelt to The Mountaineer is posted online at Day so it would honor all volunteering as a designated http://www.fortcarsonmountaineer.com. American veterans. driver. Remember that when The Mountaineer is an unoffi cial publication authorized by AR 360-1. The In addition to honoring you take unnecessary risks Mountaineer is printed by Colorado Springs all service members, Veterans or tolerate risky behavior Military Newspaper Group, a private fi rm in Day traditionally marks the from your Soldiers, co-workers no way connected with the Department of the end of fall and the beginning or friends, it always affects Army, under exclusive written contract with of winter. For many of us, someone else, and the conse- Fort Carson. It is published 49 times per year. The appearance of advertising in this this is a good time for quences can be devastating. publication, including inserts or supplements, Families and friends to get We remain proud of our U.S. does not constitute endorsement by the together, which means it will Army Installation Management Department of the Army or Colorado Springs encompass many hazards for our IMCOM Family. Command Family and thank you again for what you do each Military Newspaper Group, of the products or Daylight Saving Time ends every year on the fi rst and every day for our nation. Take a moment on the 11th hour services advertised. The publisher reserves the right to reject advertisements. Sunday in November. As we set our clocks back by one of the 11th day of the 11th month to honor veterans, past and Everything advertised in this publication hour in most areas of the country, it starts to get dark earlier. present. There is no greater testament to your spirit than the shall be made available for purchase, use or Tips for driving at night can be found at http://www.ntc.org. continued service you provide to the Army and our nation. patronage without regard to race, color, religion, Other hazards, such as wet leaves, fog, sun glare and frost Be safe, but enjoy this holiday break; you deserve it. sex, national origin, age, marital status, are a few driving hazards that you may encounter in the fall. Support and Defend. physical handicap, political affi liation or any other nonmerit factor of the purchaser, user or Fall also marks deer breeding season. Deer pay less Army Strong. patron. If a violation or rejection of this Command Sgt. Maj. Jeff Hartless Lt. Gen. David Halverson equal opportunity policy by an advertiser IMCOM sergeant major IMCOM commanding general is confi rmed, the printer shall refuse to print advertising from that source until the violation is corrected. For display advertising call 634-5905.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Theropod Teeth from the Upper Maastrichtian Hell Creek Formation “Sue” Quarry: New Morphotypes and Faunal Comparisons
    Theropod teeth from the upper Maastrichtian Hell Creek Formation “Sue” Quarry: New morphotypes and faunal comparisons TERRY A. GATES, LINDSAY E. ZANNO, and PETER J. MAKOVICKY Gates, T.A., Zanno, L.E., and Makovicky, P.J. 2015. Theropod teeth from the upper Maastrichtian Hell Creek Formation “Sue” Quarry: New morphotypes and faunal comparisons. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 60 (1): 131–139. Isolated teeth from vertebrate microfossil localities often provide unique information on the biodiversity of ancient ecosystems that might otherwise remain unrecognized. Microfossil sampling is a particularly valuable tool for doc- umenting taxa that are poorly represented in macrofossil surveys due to small body size, fragile skeletal structure, or relatively low ecosystem abundance. Because biodiversity patterns in the late Maastrichtian of North American are the primary data for a broad array of studies regarding non-avian dinosaur extinction in the terminal Cretaceous, intensive sampling on multiple scales is critical to understanding the nature of this event. We address theropod biodiversity in the Maastrichtian by examining teeth collected from the Hell Creek Formation locality that yielded FMNH PR 2081 (the Tyrannosaurus rex specimen “Sue”). Eight morphotypes (three previously undocumented) are identified in the sample, representing Tyrannosauridae, Dromaeosauridae, Troodontidae, and Avialae. Noticeably absent are teeth attributed to the morphotypes Richardoestesia and Paronychodon. Morphometric comparison to dromaeosaurid teeth from multiple Hell Creek and Lance formations microsites reveals two unique dromaeosaurid morphotypes bearing finer distal denticles than present on teeth of similar size, and also differences in crown shape in at least one of these. These findings suggest more dromaeosaurid taxa, and a higher Maastrichtian biodiversity, than previously appreciated.
    [Show full text]
  • Implications for Predatory Dinosaur Macroecology and Ontogeny in Later Late Cretaceous Asiamerica
    Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences Theropod Guild Structure and the Tyrannosaurid Niche Assimilation Hypothesis: Implications for Predatory Dinosaur Macroecology and Ontogeny in later Late Cretaceous Asiamerica Journal: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences Manuscript ID cjes-2020-0174.R1 Manuscript Type: Article Date Submitted by the 04-Jan-2021 Author: Complete List of Authors: Holtz, Thomas; University of Maryland at College Park, Department of Geology; NationalDraft Museum of Natural History, Department of Geology Keyword: Dinosaur, Ontogeny, Theropod, Paleocology, Mesozoic, Tyrannosauridae Is the invited manuscript for consideration in a Special Tribute to Dale Russell Issue? : © The Author(s) or their Institution(s) Page 1 of 91 Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 1 Theropod Guild Structure and the Tyrannosaurid Niche Assimilation Hypothesis: 2 Implications for Predatory Dinosaur Macroecology and Ontogeny in later Late Cretaceous 3 Asiamerica 4 5 6 Thomas R. Holtz, Jr. 7 8 Department of Geology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA 9 Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC 20013 USA 10 Email address: [email protected] 11 ORCID: 0000-0002-2906-4900 Draft 12 13 Thomas R. Holtz, Jr. 14 Department of Geology 15 8000 Regents Drive 16 University of Maryland 17 College Park, MD 20742 18 USA 19 Phone: 1-301-405-4084 20 Fax: 1-301-314-9661 21 Email address: [email protected] 22 23 1 © The Author(s) or their Institution(s) Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences Page 2 of 91 24 ABSTRACT 25 Well-sampled dinosaur communities from the Jurassic through the early Late Cretaceous show 26 greater taxonomic diversity among larger (>50kg) theropod taxa than communities of the 27 Campano-Maastrichtian, particularly to those of eastern/central Asia and Laramidia.
    [Show full text]
  • Screaming Biplane Dromaeosaurs of the Air. June/July
    5c.r~i~ ~l'tp.,ne pr~tl\USp.,urs 1tke.A-ir Written & illustrated by Gregory s. Paul It is questionable whether anyone even speculated that some dinosaurs were feathered until Ostrom detailed the evidence that birds descended from predatory avepod theropods a third of a century ago. The first illustration of a feathered dinosaur was a nice little study of a well ensconced Syntarsus dashing down a dune slope in pursuit of a gliding lizard in Robert Bakker's classic "Dinosaur Renaissance" article in the April 1975 Scientific American by Sarah Landry (can also be seen in the Scientific American Book of the Dinosaur I edited). My first feathered dinosaur was executed shortly after, an inappropriately shaggy Allosaurus attacking a herd of Diplodocus. I was soon doing a host of small theropods in feathers. Despite the logic of feath- / er insulation on the group ancestral birds and showing evidence of a high level energetics, images of feathered avepods were often harshly and unsci- Above: Proposed relationships based on flight adaptations of entifically criticized as unscientific in view of the lack of evidence for their preserved skeletons and feathers of Archaeopteryx, a generalized presence, ignoring the equal fact that no one had found scales on the little Sinornithosaurus, and Confuciusornis, with arrows indicating dinosaurs either. derived adaptations not present in Archaeopteryx as described in In the 1980s I further proposed that the most bird-like, avepectoran text. Not to scale. dinosaurs - dromaeosaurs, troodonts, oviraptorosaurs, and later ther- izinosaurs _were not just close to birds and the origin of flight, but were see- appear to represent the remnants of wings converted to display devices.
    [Show full text]
  • Hierarchical Clustering Analysis Suppcdr.Cdr
    Distance Hierarchical joiningclustering 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 Sinosauropteryx Caudipteryx Eoraptor Compsognathus Compsognathus Compsognathus Compsognathus Megaraptora basal Coelurosauria Noasauridae Neotheropoda non-averostran T non-tyrannosaurid Dromaeosauridae basalmost Theropoda Oviraptorosauria Compsognathidae Therizinosauria T A yrannosauroidea Compsognathus roodontidae ves Compsognathus Compsognathus Compsognathus Compsognathus Compsognathus Compsognathus Compsognathus Compsognathus Compsognathus Compsognathus Compsognathus Compsognathus Compsognathus Richardoestesia Scipionyx Buitreraptor Compsognathus Troodon Compsognathus Compsognathus Compsognathus Juravenator Sinosauropteryx Juravenator Juravenator Sinosauropteryx Incisivosaurus Coelophysis Scipionyx Richardoestesia Compsognathus Compsognathus Compsognathus Richardoestesia Richardoestesia Richardoestesia Richardoestesia Compsognathus Richardoestesia Juravenator Richardoestesia Richardoestesia Richardoestesia Richardoestesia Buitreraptor Saurornitholestes Ichthyornis Saurornitholestes Ichthyornis Richardoestesia Richardoestesia Richardoestesia Richardoestesia Richardoestesia Juravenator Scipionyx Buitreraptor Coelophysis Richardoestesia Coelophysis Richardoestesia Richardoestesia Richardoestesia Richardoestesia Coelophysis Richardoestesia Bambiraptor Richardoestesia Richardoestesia Velociraptor Juravenator Saurornitholestes Saurornitholestes Buitreraptor Coelophysis Coelophysis Ornitholestes Richardoestesia Richardoestesia Juravenator Saurornitholestes Velociraptor Saurornitholestes
    [Show full text]
  • Paleontological Contributions
    Paleontological Contributions Number 14 The first giant raptor (Theropoda: Dromaeosauridae) from the Hell Creek Formation Robert A. DePalma, David A. Burnham, Larry D. Martin, Peter L. Larson, and Robert T. Bakker October 30, 2015 Lawrence, Kansas, USA ISSN 1946-0279 (online) paleo.ku.edu/contributions Life restoration by Emily Willoughby of Dakotaraptor steini running with the sparrow-sized birds, Cimolopteryx petra while the mammal, Purgatorius, can be seen in the foreground. Paleontological Contributions October 30, 2015 Number 14 THE FIRST GIANT RAPTOR (THEROPODA: DROMAEOSAURIDAE) FROM THE HELL CREEK FORMATION Robert A. DePalma1,2, David A. Burnham2,*, Larry D. Martin2,†, Peter L. Larson3 and Robert T. Bakker4 1 Department of Vertebrate Paleontology, The Palm Beach Museum of Natural History, Fort Lauderdale, Florida; 2 University of Kansas Bio- diversity Institute, Lawrence, Kansas; 3Black Hills Institute of Geological Research, Hill City, South Dakota; 4Houston Museum of Nature and Science, Houston, Texas; e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Most dromaeosaurids were small- to medium-sized cursorial, scansorial, and arboreal, sometimes volant predators, but a comparatively small percentage grew to gigantic proportions. Only two such giant “raptors” have been described from North America. Here, we describe a new giant dromaeosaurid, Dakotaraptor steini gen. et sp. nov., from the Hell Creek Formation of South Dakota. The discovery represents the first giant dromaeosaur from the Hell Creek Formation, and the most recent in the fossil record worldwide. A row of prominent ulnar papilli or “quill knobs” on the ulna is our first clear evidence for feather quills on a large dromaeosaurid forearm and impacts evolutionary reconstructions and functional morphology of such derived, typically flight-related features.
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.Unenlagiinae Revisited: Dromaeosaurid Theropods From
    Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências ISSN: 0001-3765 [email protected] Academia Brasileira de Ciências Brasil GIANECHINI, FEDERICO A.; APESTEGUÍA, SEBASTIÁN Unenlagiinae revisited: dromaeosaurid theropods from South America Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, vol. 83, núm. 1, marzo, 2011, pp. 163-195 Academia Brasileira de Ciências Rio de Janeiro, Brasil Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=32717681008 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative “main” — 2011/2/10 — 14:11 — page 163 — #1 Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências (2011) 83(1): 163-195 (Annals of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences) Printed version ISSN 0001-3765 / Online version ISSN 1678-2690 www.scielo.br/aabc Unenlagiinae revisited: dromaeosaurid theropods from South America FEDERICO A. GIANECHINI and SEBASTIÁN APESTEGUÍA CONICET – Área de Paleontología, Fundación de Historia Natural ‘Félix de Azara’ Departamento de Ciencias Naturales y Antropología CEBBAD, Universidad Maimónides, Hidalgo 775 (1405BDB), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina Manuscript received on October 30, 2009; accepted for publication on June 21, 2010 ABSTRACT Over the past two decades, the record of South American unenlagiine dromaeosaurids was substantially increased both in quantity as well as in quality of specimens. Here is presented a summary review of the South American record for these theropods. Unenlagia comahuensis, Unenlagia paynemili, and Neuquenraptor argentinus come from the Portezuelo Formation, the former genus being the most complete and with putative avian features.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity of Raptor Dinosaurs in Southeastern North America Revealed by the First Definite Record from North Carolina
    Diversity of raptor dinosaurs in southeastern North America revealed by the first definite record from North Carolina Chase Brownstein, Research Associate, Department of Collections & Exhibitions Stamford Museum & Nature Center. [email protected] Abstract. During the Cretaceous period, North America was divided into two landmasses, the eastern Appalachia and western Laramidia. Recent research on several sites scattered across the eastern margin of North America has allowed for the analysis of vertebrate faunas from the once obscured terrestrial fossil record of Appalachia, revealing the landmass harbored a distinctive fauna composed of mostly relict forms. One geological unit that has produced a comparatively extensive record of terrestrial vertebrates, including non-avian dinosaurs, is the Tar Heel Formation of North Carolina. Here, I report the first definitive occurrence of a dromaeosaurid from the Tar Heel Formation in the form of a tooth from a fairly large member of that group. This tooth, like others previously discovered from the southeastern portion of North America, compares favorably with those of saurornitholestine dromaeosaurids from the western United States and Canada. The North Carolina tooth differs in morphology and size from previously reported southeastern North American dromaeosaurid teeth, but is still assignable to a saurornitholestine dromaeosaurid, evincing that the diversity of carnivorous bird-like dinosaurs in the southeastern part of North America during the Late Cretaceous may have been rather low. The tooth, which is intermediate in size between those of smaller dromaeosaurids like !1 PeerJ Preprints | https://doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.26829v1 | CC BY 4.0 Open Access | rec: 5 Apr 2018, publ: 5 Apr 2018 Saurornitholestes and gigantic forms like Dakotaraptor, helps fill the gap between larger- and smaller-bodied dromaeosaurids from the Late Cretaceous.
    [Show full text]
  • Baraminology Data Filtering Method Based on Entropy Measurement and Its Application in Dinosaur and Cephalopod Data Sets
    PAPERS || JOURNAL OF CREATION 33(3) 2019 Baraminology data filtering method based on entropy measurement and its application in dinosaur and cephalopod data sets Matthew Cserhati Several recent dinosaur baraminology studies show areas of large degrees of continuity between baramins in the BDC matrixes where there should be none. These results suggest that the baramins predicted by the BDIST method in these studies tend to over-cluster, resulting in a smaller number of baramins, with falsified, inflated species memberships. Also, evolutionists have used the BDIST method in an attempt to discredit baraminology, by trying to show that the number of dinosaur baramins gets smaller as more species are added to the analysis. This lumps dinosaur species together, showing the continuity of all life—which is the same as biological evolution. A potential problem was identified involving low-variability characters. Many such characters together tend to increase the correlation between any two given species and could possibly cause species lumping. A new algorithm was developed to filter out such low entropy characters, and species with a high proportion of missing characteristics. The algorithm was applied on several dinosaur and two cephalopod data sets. It significantly cleans up the data sets and increases the number of baramins reported in previous studies, but eliminates many of the species and characters. There is a trade-off between the amount of available data and data quality. This affects the outcome of morphological baraminology studies. araminology has a long publication record. In general, a single holobaramin.4 This is a clade in cluding organisms Bthe field attempts to lump species into baramins and as diverse as squids and cuttlefish.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 8 Functional Morphology of the Oviraptorosaurian and Scansoriopterygid Skull
    Chapter 8 Functional Morphology of the Oviraptorosaurian and Scansoriopterygid Skull WAISUM MA,1 MICHAEL PITTMAN,2 STEPHAN LAUTENSCHLAGER,1 LUKE E. MEADE,1 AND XING XU3 ABSTRACT Oviraptorosauria and Scansoriopterygidae are theropod clades that include members suggested to have partially or fully herbivorous diets. Obligate herbivory and carnivory are two ends of the spectrum of dietary habits along which it is unclear how diet within these two clades might have varied. Clarifying their diet is important as it helps understanding of dietary evolution close to the dinosaur-bird transition. Here, diets are investigated by conventional comparative anatomy, as well as measuring mandibular characteristics that are plausibly indicative of the animal’s feeding habit, with reference to modern herbivores that may also have nonherbivorous ancestry. In general, the skulls of scansoriopterygids appear less adapted to herbivory compared with those of oviraptorids because they have a lower dorsoventral height, a smaller lateral temporal fenestra, and a smaller jaw-closing mechanical advantage and they lack a tall coronoid process prominence. The results show that oviraptorid mandibles are more adapted to herbivory than those of caenagnathids, early- diverging oviraptorosaurians and scansoriopterygids. It is notable that some caenagnathids possess features like an extremely small articular offset, and low average mandibular height may imply a more carnivorous diet than the higher ones of other oviraptorosaurians. Our study provides a new perspective to evaluate different hypotheses on the diets of scansoriopterygids and oviraptorosauri- ans, and demonstrates the high dietary complexity among early-diverging pennaraptorans. INTRODUCTION Epidendrosaurus ninchengensis (Zhang et al., 2002), Epidexipteryx hui (Zhang et al., 2008) and Yi qi (Xu Scansoriopterygidae is a clade of theropod et al., 2015).
    [Show full text]
  • From the Late Cretaceous of North America
    A microraptorine (Dinosauria–Dromaeosauridae) from the Late Cretaceous of North America Nicholas R. Longricha,1 and Philip J. Currieb aDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 1N4; and bDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2E9 Edited by James P. Kennett, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, and approved January 30, 2009 (received for review November 17, 2008) The fossil assemblages of the Late Cretaceous of North America are Europe, Asia, and Gondwana (17–28). This raises the question dominated by large-bodied dinosaur species. Associated skeletons of whether small-bodied, endothermic carnivores were truly rare of small dinosaurs are exceedingly rare, and small (<10 kg) car- in these assemblages, or whether our picture of these ecosystems nivorous theropods have not previously been reported from these is incomplete. beds. Here, we describe a small dromaeosaurid from the 75-million- Recently, study of museum collections resulted in the identi- year-old Dinosaur Park Formation of Alberta, Canada. Hesperony- fication of a specimen of a previously unknown dinosaur from chus elizabethae gen. et sp. nov. is represented by a pelvic girdle the Upper Cretaceous (upper Campanian) Dinosaur Park For- Ϸ from an animal weighing 1,900 g. Despite its size, the pubes and mation (29) of Alberta, Canada. The specimen was collected in ilia are coossified, indicating that the animal was somatically 1982 but lay unstudied for 25 years. Preparation of the fossil mature. This is the smallest carnivorous, nonavian dinosaur known revealed that it represents a new genus of the clade Dromaeo- from North America.
    [Show full text]
  • Unenlagiid Theropods: Are They Members of the Dromaeosauridae (Theropoda, Maniraptora)?
    “main” — 2011/2/10 — 14:01 — page 117 — #1 Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências (2011) 83(1): 117-162 (Annals of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences) Printed version ISSN 0001-3765 / Online version ISSN 1678-2690 www.scielo.br/aabc Unenlagiid theropods: are they members of the Dromaeosauridae (Theropoda, Maniraptora)? , FEDERICO L. AGNOLIN1 2 and FERNANDO E. NOVAS1 1Laboratorio de Anatomía Comparada y Evolución de los Vertebrados Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia” Ángel Gallardo, 470 (1405BDB), Buenos Aires, Argentina 2Fundación de Historia Natural “Félix de Azara”, Departamento de Ciencias Naturales y Antropología CEBBAD, Universidad Maimónides, Valentín Virasoro 732 (1405BDB), Buenos Aires, Argentina Manuscript received on November 9, 2009; accepted for publication on June 21, 2010 ABSTRACT In the present paper we analyze the phylogenetic position of the derived Gondwanan theropod clade Unen- lagiidae. Although this group has been frequently considered as deeply nested within Deinonychosauria and Dromaeosauridae, most of the features supporting this interpretation are conflictive, at least. Modification of integrative databases, such as that recently published by Hu et al. (2009), produces significant changes in the topological distribution of taxa within Deinonychosauria, depicting unenlagiids outside this clade. Our analysis retrieves, in contrast, a monophyletic Avialae formed by Unenlagiidae plus Aves. Key words: Gondwana, Deinonychosauria, Dromaeosauridae, Unenlagiidae, Avialae. INTRODUCTION Until recently, the deinonychosaurian fossil record has been geographically restricted to the Northern Hemisphere (Norell and Makovicky 2004), but recent discoveries demonstrated that they were also present and highly diversified in the Southern landmasses, suggesting that an important adaptive radiation took place in Gondwana during the Cretaceous. Gondwanan dromaeosaurids have been documented from Turonian through Maastrichtian beds of Argentina (Makovicky et al.
    [Show full text]
  • (Dinosauria–Dromaeosauridae) from the Late Cretaceous of North America
    A microraptorine (Dinosauria–Dromaeosauridae) from the Late Cretaceous of North America Nicholas R. Longricha,1 and Philip J. Currieb aDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 1N4; and bDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2E9 Edited by James P. Kennett, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, and approved January 30, 2009 (received for review November 17, 2008) The fossil assemblages of the Late Cretaceous of North America are Europe, Asia, and Gondwana (17–28). This raises the question dominated by large-bodied dinosaur species. Associated skeletons of whether small-bodied, endothermic carnivores were truly rare of small dinosaurs are exceedingly rare, and small (<10 kg) car- in these assemblages, or whether our picture of these ecosystems nivorous theropods have not previously been reported from these is incomplete. beds. Here, we describe a small dromaeosaurid from the 75-million- Recently, study of museum collections resulted in the identi- year-old Dinosaur Park Formation of Alberta, Canada. Hesperony- fication of a specimen of a previously unknown dinosaur from chus elizabethae gen. et sp. nov. is represented by a pelvic girdle the Upper Cretaceous (upper Campanian) Dinosaur Park For- Ϸ from an animal weighing 1,900 g. Despite its size, the pubes and mation (29) of Alberta, Canada. The specimen was collected in ilia are coossified, indicating that the animal was somatically 1982 but lay unstudied for 25 years. Preparation of the fossil mature. This is the smallest carnivorous, nonavian dinosaur known revealed that it represents a new genus of the clade Dromaeo- from North America.
    [Show full text]