February 2021 SPIRE GLOBAL, INC. CubeSat-Based Earth Observations Operational Global Weather Forecasts AIS Global Maritime Tracking ADS-B Global Aviation Tracking Hosted Payloads and Custom CubeSats

Steve Moran and Will Cromarty Account Executives Federal Civil Agencies

Unauthorized use prohibited: This document and any documents attached and information contained therein are propriety information of Spire Global Inc. Spire provides the documents and information solely for the use of the recipient and solely for the purpose of evaluation of Spire products and services. Spire owns the copyright to the presentation and no further rights, express or implied, are granted to the recipients. Spire: A Timeline 112 Satellites (and counting!)

40 Satellites

10 Satellites

1 Satellite AIS GNSS-RO ADS-B GNSS-R

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Spire ArduSat 1st LEMUR Singapore Glasgow Boulder Luxembourg DC Office Launch of first Founded Prototype Satellite Office Office Office Office sats with X- San band, HPC, Francisco ISLs Spire proprietary – disclosure subject to restrictions on cover page. SPIRE TODAY Spire: Key Markets

• SPIRE EARTH INFORMATION - Collecting data from beneath the Earth’s surface to the edge of the atmosphere and beyond to improve operational weather and space weather forecasts and to support weather, climate, and environmental research

• SPIRE WEATHER - Setting a new benchmark in the commercial weather industry, with in-house, multi-model numerical weather prediction capability driven by Spire’s GNSS-RO atmospheric data

• SPIRE MARITIME - Revolutionizing how maritime data is collected, analyzed, and delivered to solve industry challenges and provide customers a competitive advantage • SPIRE AVIATION - Solving the needs of the aviation and logistics industries with enhanced position data that fills gaps in areas that are out of reach of existing terrestrial systems

• SPIRE ORBITAL SERVICES - Accommodating new customer payloads quickly and efficiently, allowing for an incredibly fast rollout of new capabilities. Spire’s flexible and consistent launch schedule, as well as the ability to design, assemble, test, and operate LEMUR satellites in-house, allows new sensors to go from design to launch in as little as 6 months. 3 Spire proprietary – disclosure subject to restrictions on cover page. Spire LEMUR Orbital Inclinations 112 LEO-Based CubeSats in a diverse ...high daily revisit, set of orbits enabling... redundancy, and low latency

Polar - Sun Synchronous Orbit 74 Satellites

83 – 85 Degrees Orbit 4 Satellites

Equatorial Orbit 4 Satellites

ISS 51.6 Degree Orbit 22 Satellites

37 Degrees Orbit 8 Satellites

Spire is licensed by FCC to operate in 4 Spire proprietary – disclosure subject to restrictions on cover page. LEO at altitudes up to 650 km World’s Largest Ground Station Capability We own and operate the largest and most geographically dispersed network of ground stations, which allows us to downlink our satellite-generated data at record speed

30 Ground Stations (expanding ~1-2 per quarter)

Spire proprietary – disclosure subject to restrictions on cover page. 5 February 2021 Spire Earth Information CubeSat-Based Earth Observations for Weather, Climate, and Environmental Research

Spire proprietary – disclosure subject to restrictions on cover page. 6 RADIO OCCULTATION - AN UNBIASED WEATHER MEASUREMENT Our satellites can measure temperature, pressure 02. and humidity over 10,000 times per day worldwide. Those signals pass through a portion of the atmosphere, • Spire collects weather data from the causing them to bend. atmosphere via our advanced software- defined (SDR) GNSS receiver for remote sensing & precise orbit determination

• High-quality GNSS profiles through the boundary layer; multi-GNSS constellation capabilities RADIO 03. • Applications: Weather model OCCULTATION assimilation of RO, Space Weather 24/7 Data collection By analyzing the bending monitoring, Ionosphere corrections for angle, Spire accurately navigation, Thermospheric density measures temperature, (POD), etc. 01. pressure, and humidity through the atmosphere, • Key Features: High Accuracy, Low Data Spire’s orbiting sensors and feeds that into its Latency, High Data Spatial Resolution, weather model. High Reliability, High Quality capture the signals from GPS satellites on the other side of the planet.

GNSS-RO contributes to forecast accuracy and is validated by ECMWF and leading academic institutions

Spire proprietary – disclosure subject to restrictions on cover page. 7 Unmatched GNSS-RO Volume and Coverage

Spire RO Data Volume (QC’ed) Now at 10K/day

~10K raw profiles per day and global coverage

Spire RO difference statistics vs. ECMWF RO Production Advancement: match current ● First commercial provider of four constellations and the operational RO only provider of Galileo and QZSS data missions ● Quantity increase through launches and additional GNSS constellations tracked ● Continual receiver and bus performance improvements ● Continual data latency reduction Spire proprietary – disclosure subject to restrictions on cover page. Space Weather Measurements

● Ionospheric information is derived from GNSS signals ● Spire provides observations ○ in data denied areas ○ with low-latency ● Different scales ○ Global ■ Slant total electron content (TEC) ○ Mid-scale ■ Sporadic E, traveling ionospheric disturbances ○ Small scale ■ Scintillation events

Spire proprietary – disclosure subject to restrictions on cover page. GNSS-R Observations

GNSS-R is a form of bistatic radar using GNSS signals of opportunity (e.g., GPS, Galileo, QZSS, GLONASS) to perform Earth surface scatterometry (reflectivity and roughness estimation similar to NASA’s CYGNSS mission, producing soil moisture, flood inundation, ocean surface roughness and winds, altimetry, and sea ice characterization data products)

Natural progression from successful Spire radio occultation (RO) satellites to add GNSS-R scatterometer satellites to Spire constellation Spire proprietary – disclosure subject to restrictions on cover page. Spire Earth Information NASA’s Commercial Smallsat Data Acquisition Program (CSDAP)

CSDAP Blanket Purchase Agreement (BPA) Task Order 5 awarded May 14, 2020 • Period of Performance is 12 months • Includes 2 data deliverables 6 months of historical Earth observation data (11/1/2019 – 4/30/2020) 12 months of daily access to 1-month latent Earth observation data (5/1/2020 – 4/30/2021) • Spire’s CSDAP Data Product Catalogue includes GNSS Radio Occultation (RO) Observations Precise Orbit Determination (POD) Satellite Orbits GNSS Reflectometry Observations Ionospheric Total Electron Content (TEC) Grazing Angle GNSS-R Observations Ionospheric Electron Density Grazing Angle GNSS-R Sea Ice Ionospheric Scintillation Grazing Angle GNSS-R Altimetry Magnetometer Observations

• CSDAP data is available to NASA and NASA-funded researchers

Spire proprietary – disclosure subject to restrictions on cover page. February 2021 Spire Weather Operational Global Numerical Weather Prediction Powered by GNSS-RO

Spire proprietary – disclosure subject to restrictions on cover page. 12 Spire Weather Overview Operational Global Weather Forecasts Spire’s proprietary numerical weather prediction models combine our RO data, NOAA and ECMWF data, satellite images and other observations to produce…

Global Vertical Global Horizontal 50+ Customized Short & Medium Weather Forecasts High-Resolution Grid Weather Variables Range Forecasts

Forecasts covering the A complete set of weather Weather forecast data in Short: Forecast output entire planet in 1/8-th variables flight levels (100 to 450) or every hour in the first degree resolution (~12km), in isobaric level (up to 24hours (4x/day) allowing for visibility of 80.000+ feet) Medium: Every 6 hours weather events on a local up to 7 days (2x/day) and global basis bridging Hindcast: Last 3 days or gaps in under-observed more areas. Commercially available Spire proprietary – disclosure subject to restrictions on cover page. 13 Spire Weather Overview Weather Variable Bundles

MARITIME AVIATION AGRICULTURE RENEWABLE ENERGY THUNDERSTORM BASIC

o Air temperature o Air temperature o Sea Surface o The eastward and o Convective Available o Air temperature at o Relative humidity Temperature o Relative humidity northward components Potential Energy at whole screen level o The eastward-component of o Ocean Currents o The eastward-component of of wind at 80m atmosphere o Relative humidity the horizontal wind the horizontal wind (eastward o The eastward and o Convective Inhibition at o Dewpoint o The northward-component component) o The northward-component of northward components whole atmosphere temperature of the horizontal wind the horizontal wind o Ocean Currents of wind at 100m o Lifted Index o The eastward o The horizontal surface o The horizontal surface (northward o The eastward and o Storm-relative helicity component of the visibility visibility component) northward components o Storm motion (eastward horizontal wind at o The height where the o The height (above sea level) o Significant Wave of wind at 120m component) 10 meters AGL maximum wind speed is where the maximum wind Height o Incoming shortwave o Storm motion (northward o The northward found speed is found radiation component) component of the o The eastward component of o The eastward component of o Air temperature o 0-6 km shear vector horizontal wind at the maximum horizontal the maximum horizontal wind (eastward component) 10 meters AGL wind o The northward component of o 0-6 km shear vector o Air pressure o The northward component the maximum horizontal wind (northward component) adjusted to mean of the maximum horizontal o Potential severity of clear-air sea level wind turbulence associated with o Accumulated o Potential severity of clear-air wind shear precipitation at turbulence associated with o Potential for aircraft icing surface level wind shear o Instantaneous wind o Potential for aircraft icing gust speed at 10m All bundles can be customized with additional variables Spire proprietary – disclosure subject to restrictions on cover page. 14 February 2021 Spire Weather Case Studies

Spaceport Operations UAS/UAM Operations Wildfire Management

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February 2021 Thank You! Steve Moran [email protected] Will Cromarty [email protected]

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