DOCSLIB.ORG

The Crystal Structure of Althausite, Mg.(P04)2(OH,O)(F,D)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Crystal Structure of Althausite, Mg.(P04)2(OH,O)(F,D) ----- ----- American Mineralogist, Volume 65, pages 488-498, 1980 The crystal structure of althausite, Mg.(P04)2(OH,O)(F,D) CHRISTIAN R0MMING Kjemisk Institutt, Universitetet i Oslo, Blindern, Oslo 3, Norway AND GUNNAR RAADE Instituttfor Geologi, Universitetet i Oslo, Blindern, Oslo 3, Norway Abstract The crystal structure of althausite was solved by direct methods and refined to a final R value of 0.022 for 1164 high-angle reflections (sin 8/A > 0.45A -I) with I> 2.50. The position of the hydrogen atom was found from a difference Fourier synthesis. The structure is ortho- rhombic Pnma with a = 8.258(2),b = 6.054(2),c = 14.383(5)A.Magnesium atoms occur in both five- and six-fold coordination, and the coordination polyhedra are highly distorted. The Mg octahedra form chains along b by edge-sharing. Hydroxyl and fluorine occur in a largely ordered distribution among two different structural sites and occupy alternating posi- tions along 'channels' parallel to b. Partial vacancy in the (OH,F) sites is confirmed, the pop- ulation factor for the F site being 81 percent. The crystal-chemical formula of althausite is therefore Mg4(P04)2(OH,0)(F,D) with Z = 4. The cleavages in althausite, {001} perfect and {101} distinct, occur along planes crossing relatively few bonds and leave the chains of Mg octahedra unbroken. Bond-strength calcu- lations for althausite and wagnerite are presented and the OH content in wagnerite is dis- cussed. Preliminary results of hydrothermal syntheses indicate the existence of a series from F- wagnerite to OH,F-wagnerite and from OH-althausite to OH,F-althausite. Infrared spectra of fluorine-free althausite show a splitting of the O-H stretching frequency, proving that two distinct hydroxyl positions are present. Introduction agreement with the calculated value, (010) /\ (110) = 60.140. The optical orientation must be changed ac- The new magnesium-phosphate mineral althausite cordingly to X = c, Y= b, Z = a, OAP (010), and the was described from serpentine-magnesite deposits in hardness on {DID}is 3V2in the c direction and 4 in Modum, south Norway, by Raade and Tysseland the a direction. (1975). Based on a wet-chemical analysis, the empiri- The type locality for althausite is the Tin- eal formula was given as Mg2P04(OHo.37Fo.25 gelstadtjem quarry, Modum, and the original de- 00.1900.19),with vacancy in the (OH,F) sites because scription was based on material from this occurrence. of a presumed substitution of the type 2(OH,F)- ~ The mineral has also been found in a similar deposit 02-0. Althausite is orthorhombic with a = 8.258(2), farther to the north, the Ovemtjern quarry. Here the b = 14.383(5),c = 6.054(2)A, V = 719.0(7)A3,Z = 8. althausite has a reddish-brown color and occurs in a The space group was given as Pna2., but from the ex- somewhat different mineral association (talc, magne- tinctions, another possible space group is Pnam site, brown apatite, partly enstatite). However, a which was omitted. Furthermore, the cleavage was more complete account of the mineral parageneses stated to be perfect along {DOI} and distinct along and the distribution of phosphate minerals among {101}. New investigations show that the correct the deposits is reserved for a separate paper. cleavages are {DID} (perfect, pinacoidal) and {lID} A microprobe analysis of the Ovemtjem althausite (distinct, prismatic). A set of rough measurements of using Tingelstadtjern althausite as standard gave the the angle between the face normals of the perfect and following result (data calculated as direct ratios after the distinct cleavage planes gave 60-630, in good background correction; values for the Tingelstadtjem 0003-004X/80/0506-0488$02.00 488 R0MMING AND RAADE: ALTHAUSITE 489 Table 1. Weight loss vs. H20 + C02 content for althausite and two lyzer (Table 1). The internal consistency of the data apatites is excellent (H20 value for althausite from Raade Weight loss Wt% of H20 and CO2; and Tysseland, 1975). from TGA calculated relative In the original description of althausite, the choice ) (re1. uni ts uni ts in parentheses of axes was made according to the scheme c < a < b. Al thausi te 61 H2O 1. 87% (60. 4) In the structural description which follows, band c are interchanged in order to have the space-group Cl-apati te 46 H20 + CO2 1. 47% (47.5) symbol in the standard setting, Pnma. The two cleav- (OH, F) (41.0) -apati te 41 H20 + CO2 1.27% ages thus become {001} and {101} in the trans- formed axial system. material, after subtraction of apatite impurity and re- Experimental calculation to 100 percent, are given in parentheses): The cleavage fragment used for the structure de- MgO 50.5 (51.0), P20S 44.4 (45.1), F 3.04 (2.99) termination came from the Tingelstadtjern quarry, weight percent. The iron content was determined Modum; it had approximate dimensions 0.2 X 0.2 X with the probe using a fayalite standard: total iron as 0.05 mm. The X-ray diffraction data were collected FeO is 0.40 and 0.80 weight percent in the Tin- on a Picker four-circle punched-card controlled dif- gelstadtjem and Overntjern althausites respectively. fractometer using graphite crystal monochromated The higher iron content of the Overntjern mineral MoKa radiation. A unique set of intensities was mea- should be noted. Its brown color is due to micro- sured, using the 8/28 scan mode with a scan rate of scopic inclusions of iron oxides/hydroxides. 2°min-1 (28). The scan range was from 0.9° below The Ovemtjern occurrence has provided a few 28(al) to 0.9° above 28(a2); background counts were specimens with subhedra1 crystals of althausite im- taken for 30 sec at each of the scan limits. Out of the bedded in magnesite or talc. The crystals are elon- 1631 reflections with sin8/A < 0.8A-I, 1456 were re- gated along c and flattened on b. Some natural sec- garded as observed, their intensity being larger than tions 1. c show the forms {010} and {110}. One 2.5 times the estimated standard deviation. The vari- subhedral crystal has the approximate size a: b :c = ance of the intensity was taken as c:r(l) = CT + (0.02 2 : 1:3 cm and shows the form {O1O} and four distinct CN)2where CTis the total number of counts and CNis terminal faces at one end of the crystal. Two of these the net count. Three standard reflections measured faces belong to the same form, identified as {131}. for every 100 reflections of the data set showed no The two other faces do not belong to the same form systematic variations. The intensity data were cor- and no simple indices could be attached to them. rected for Lorenz and polarization effects and for ab- These must be regarded as vicinal faces, developed sorption (J.t(MoKa) = 10.07 cm-l]. because of imperfect growth of the crystal, which may be ultimately due to defects in the crystal struc- Structure determination ture, e.g. in this case partly empty (OH,F) sites (cf. Intensity statistics gave convincing evidence of a Terpstra and Codd, 1961, p. 360-363). centric structure, indicating the space group Pnma The defect structure of althausite is clearly sub- (after reorientation according to International Tables stantiated by the present structure determination, but for X-ray Crystallography) rather than Pna21 as re- we would still like to mention other evidence which ported earlier (Raade and Tysseland, 1975). supports the correctness of the original chemical The positions of all non-hydrogen atoms were analysis. Firstly, the new mineral holtedahlite, found by direct methods using the program assembly (Mg,Na)2(P04,C030H)(OH,F), also from the Tin- MULTAN(Germain et al., 1971) and refined by suc- gelstadtjem occurrence, was analyzed with the elec- cessive Fourier syntheses and least-squares calcu- tron microprobe using althausite as standard, with lations. So far the fluorine and hydroxyl oxygen H20 and C02 being determined separately with a atoms could not be differentiated because of the simi- Perkin-Elmer 240 elemental analyzer. In this way a larity in scattering power. A difference Fourier syn- perfectly stoichiometric formula was obtained for thesis revealed the position of a hydrogen atom close holtedahlite (Raade and Mladeck, 1979). Secondly, to one of these atoms, however, which could thus be the weight losses were obtained from TGA runs on identified as the oxygen atom. althausite and two associated apatites from Tin- The composition of althausite found from chem- gelstadtjem. The H20 and C02 contents of the apa- ical analysis indicates that the hydroxyl and fluorine tites were also determined with the elemental ana- positions are partially occupied and in part replaced ~~ ----- --~ ,- ~-- 490 R0MMING AND RAADE: ALTHA USITE Table 2. Atomic coordinates and thermal parameters for althausite Atan X Y Z U11 U22 U33 U12 U13 U23 Mg(l) 0.13402(5) 0.00414(7) 0.16858(3) 0.0067(2) 0.0049(2) 0.0085(2) o .0009 (1) 0.0004(1) 0.0009(1) Mg(2) 0.34763(7) 0.25 0.42143(4) 0.0054(2) 0.0066(3) 0.0111(3) 0.0 0.0021(2) 0.0 Mg(3) 0.07712(7) 0.25 0.57505(4) 0.0068(2) 0.0063(2) 0.0075(2) 0.0 -0.0007(2) 0.0 P (1) 0.48845(5) 0.25 0.14583(3) 0.0037(2) 0.0041(2) 0.0048(2) 0.0 -0.0001(1) 0.0 (1) P(2) 0.22456(5) 0.25 0.84820(3) 0.0043(2) 0.0045(2) 0.0055(2) 0.0 o .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Mineralogy and Geology of the \Vkgnerite Occurrence Co Santa Fe Mountain, Front Range, Cobrado
    Mineralogy and Geology of the \Vkgnerite Occurrence co Santa Fe Mountain, Front Range, Cobrado GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 955 Mineralogy and Geology of the Wignerite Occurance on Santa Fe Mountain, Front Range, Colorado By DOUGLAS M. SHERIDAN, SHERMAN P. MARSH, MARY E. MROSE, and RICHARD B. TAYLOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 955 A detailed mineralogic study of wagnerite, a rare phosphate mineral occurring in the report area in Precambrian gneiss; this is the first recorded occurrence of wagnerite in the United States UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1976 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR THOMAS S. KLEPPE, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY V. E. McKelvey, Director Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Main entry under title: Mineralogy and geology of the wagnerite occurrence on Santa Fe Mountain, Front Range, Colorado. (Geological Survey Professional Paper 955) Includes bibliographical references. 1. Wagnerite Colorado Santa Fe Mountain. 2. Geology Colorado Santa Fe Mountain. I. Sheridan, Douglas M., 1921- II. Series: United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 955. QE391.W3M56 549'.72 76-10335 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, B.C. 20402 Stock Number 024-001-02844-1 CONTENTS Page Metric-English equivalents .............................. Descriptive mineralogy Continued Page Abstract............................................................ 1 Wagnerite............................................... 5 Introduction....................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Phosphates, Arsenates, Vanadates, Antimonates A
    592 DESCRIPTIVE MINERALOGY Epistdite. A niobate of uncertain composition. Analysis shows chiefly SjOz, TiOz, NkO, H20. Monoclinic. In rectangular plates, also in aggregates of curved foha. Basal cleavage perfect. H. = 1-1.5. G. = 2.9. Color white, grayish brownish. Refractive index 1.67. Bound in pegmatite veins or in massive albite from ~llianehaab,Greenland. Plumboniobite. A niobatc of yttrium, uranium, lead, iron, etc. Amorphous. H. = 5-5'5. G. = 4.81. Color dark brown to black. Found in mica mines at Morogoro, German Enst Africa. Oxygen Salts 4. PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES, ANTIMONATES A. Anhydrous Phosphates, Arsenates, Vanadates, Antimonates Normal phosphoric acid is H3P04, and consequently normal phosphates I 11 m have the formulas RtPOa, R3(PO4)2 and RPO4, and similarly for the arse- nates, etc. Only a comparatively small number of species conform to this simple formula. Most species contain more than one metallic element, and in the prominent Apatite Group the radical (CaF), (CaCI) or (PbCI) enters; " in the Wagnerite Group we have similarly (kF) or (ROH). XENOTIME. Tetragonal. Axis c = 0.6187, zz' (1 11 A ill) = 55" 301, 22" (111 A 771) = 82" 22'. In crystals resembling zircon in habit; sometimes compounded with zircon in parallel position (Fig. 462, p. 173). In 972 rolled grains. Cleavage: m (110) perfect. Fracture uneven and splintery. Brittle. H. = 4-5. G. = 4.454.56. Luster resinous to vitreous. Color yellowish brown, reddish brown, hair-brown, flesh-red, grayish white, wine-yellow, pale yellow; streak pale brown, yellow- ish or reddish. Opaque. Optically + . w = 1.72. e = 1-81.
    [Show full text]
  • Sintering and Mechanical Properties of Magnesium and Fluorine Co-Substituted Hydroxyapatites
    Journal of Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology, 2013, 4, 1-11 1 http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jbnb.2013.41001 Published Online January 2013 (http://www.scirp.org/journal/jbnb) Sintering and Mechanical Properties of Magnesium and Fluorine Co-Substituted Hydroxyapatites Samia Nsar, Amel Hassine, Khaled Bouzouita* Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry, National School of Engineering, Sfax, Tunisia. Email: *[email protected] Received September 5th, 2012; revised October 17th, 2012; accepted November 10th, 2012 ABSTRACT Biological apatites contain several elements as traces. In this work, magnesium and fluorine co-substituted hydroxyapa- tites with the general formula Ca9Mg(PO4)6(OH)2-yFy, where y = 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 were synthesized by the hydrother- mal method. After calcination at 500˚C, the samples were pressureless sintered between 950˚C and 1250˚C. The substi- tution of F− for OH− had a strong influence on the densification behavior and mechanical properties of the materials. Below 1200˚C, the density steeply decreased for y = 0.5 sample. XRD analysis revealed that compared to hydroxyl- fluorapatite containing no magnesium, the substituted hydroxyfluorapatites decomposed, and the nature of the decom- position products is tightly dependent on the fluorine content. The hardness, elastic modulus and fracture toughness of these materials were investigated by Vickers’s hardness testing. The highest values were 622 ± 4 GPa, 181 ± 1 GPa and 1.85 ± 0.06 MPa·m1/2, respectively. Keywords: Hydroxyapatite; Magnesium, Fluorine; Sintering; Mechanical Properties 1. Introduction tite containing magnesium and fluorine would be more suitable for dental and orthopedic applications. Hydroxyapatite (HA) is widely used in orthopedic and Hence, it is thought worthwhile to synthesize and char- reconstructive surgery thanks to its excellent bioactivity acterize Mg/F-co-substituted hydroxypatites.
    [Show full text]
  • Thermal Characterization of Magnesium Containing Ionomer Glasses
    Thermal characterization of magnesium containing ionomer glasses ELENI MARIA KARTELIA Supervisor: Dr. A. Stamboulis Thesis submitted for the degree of MRes Biomaterials University of Birmingham School of Engineering Department of Metallurgy and Materials September, 2010 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my supervisor Dr. A. Stamboulis for her help and encouragement during my project. Without her support, I feel that I would not have been able to complete this work. I would also like to express my gratitude to Dr. D. Holland at University of Warwick for her helping on DSC measurements. Many thanks are given to academic staff and technicians of the School of Metallurgy and Materials. I would like to thank sincerely the Phd students Praveen Ramakrishnan, Georgina Kaklamani, Siqi Zhang and Mitra Kashani for their significant help through my experimental work. Last but not least, I would like to thank my family for their support and understanding. Special thanks to Thanos Papaioannou. 2 TABLE CAPTIONS CHAPTER 2: MATERIALS AND METHODS Table 2.1.2: Composition of Mg substituted alumino-silicate glasses.
    [Show full text]
  • Synthetic Phase with the Structure of Apatite
    Chapter 4 Synthetic Phase with the Structure of Apatite Petr Ptáček Additional information is available at the end of the chapter http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/62212 Abstract The previous chapters were dedicated to description of structure and properties of minerals from supergroup of apatite and introduction of method for identification and investigation of properties of phosphate minerals. The first synthesis of apatite was performed by Daubrée by passing the PCl3 vapor over red-hot lime. The fourth chapter of this book introduces techniques for the preparation of synthetic analogs of apatite minerals including solid-state synthesis, wet chemical methods, hydrothermal synthesis as well as methods for preparation of single crystals. Chapter continues with descrip‐ tion of structure and properties of synthetic compounds of apatite type and ends with incorporation of 3d-metal ions into the hexagonal channel of apatite. Keywords: Apatite, Solid-State Synthesis, Wet Chemical Methods, Hydrothermal Synthesis, Single crystal, Lacunar Apatite The first synthesis of apatite was performed by DAUBRÉE [1], who obtained it in crystals by passing the vapor of phosphorus trichloride (PCl3) over red-hot lime. The synthetic mineral analogues of chlorapatite, fluorapatite, or the mixtures of these phases were prepared by MANROSS [2] via fusing of sodium phosphate either with calcium chloride, calcium fluoride, or both together. The similar process was also successfully used by BRIEGLEB [3]. FORCHHAMMER [4] prepared chlorapatite by fusing calcium phosphate with sodium chloride. When bone ash or marl was used instead of artificial calcium phosphate, mixed apatite was formed. Similar results were reported by DEVILLE and CARON [5], who fused bone ash with ammonium chloride and either calcium chloride or fluoride, and also by DITTE [6], who repeated Forchhammer’s © 2016 The Author(s).
    [Show full text]
  • The Crystal Structure of Althausite, Mg.(Poj2(OH,O)(F,D)
    American Mineralogist, Volume 65, pages 4gg_49g, Igg0 The crystal structure of althausite,Mg.(pOJ2(OH,O)(F,D) CunIsrnN RoutvilNc Kjemisk Institutt, (Jniyersiteteti Oslo, Blindern, Oslo 3, Norway AND GUNNEN RAEOS Instituttfor Geologi, (lniversitetet i Oslo, Blindern, Oslo 3, Norway Abstract The crystal structure of althausitewas solved by direct methods and refined to a final R valueof 0'022for l164 high-anglereflections (sin d/I > 0.45A-r)with 1> 2.5o.Theposition of the hydrogenatom was found from a differenceFourier synthesis.The structureis ortho- : rhombic Pnma with a 8.258(2),b : 6.05aQ),c : 14.383(5)A.Magnesium atoms occur in both five- and six-fold coordination, and the coordination polyhedia are highly distorted. The Mg octahedraform chains along D by edge-sharing.Hydroxyl anA fluoine occur in a largely ordereddistribution among two diflerent structural siies 'channels'parallel and occupy alternatingposi- tions along to D.Partial vacancyin the (OH,F) sitesis dnfirmed, the pop- ulation factor for the F site being 8l percent.The crystal-chemicalformula of althausiteis thereforeMgo@Oo)r(OH,OXF,!) with Z: 4. The cleavagesin althausite, {00U perfect and {l0l} distinct, occur along planes crossing relatively few bonds and leave the chains of Mg octahedraunbroken. Bond-strengthcalcu- lations for althausiteand wagnerite are presentedand the OH content in wagner-iteis dis- cussed. Preliminary results of hydrothermal synthesesindicate the existenceof a seriesfrom F- wagneriteto OH,F-wagneriteand from OH-althausiteto OH,F-althausite.Infrared spectraof fluorine-free althausiteshow a splitting of the O-H stretchingfrequency, proving ih"t t*o distinct hydroxyl positionsare present. Introduction agreement with the calculated value, (010) n (l l0) : 60.14".
    [Show full text]
  • Mineralogic Notes Series 3
    DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FRANKLIN K. LANE, Secretary UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY . GEORGE OTIS SMITH, Director Bulletin 610 MINERALOGIC NOTES SERIES 3 BY WALDEMAR T. SCHALLER WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1916 CONTENTS. Page. Introduction................................................................ 9 Koechlinite (bismuth molybdate), a new mineral............................ 10 Origin of investigation................................................... 10 Nomenclature......................................................... 10 Locality............................................................... 11 Paragenesis........................................................... 11 Crystallography........'............................................... 14 General character of crystals....................................... 14 Calculation of elements............................................. 14 Forms and angles................................................. 15 Combinations..................................................... 19 < Zonal relations and markings...................................... 19 Habits........................................................... 21 Twinning........................................................ 23 Measured crystals................................................. 26 Etch figures...................................................... 27o Intergrowths........................................................ 31 Relation to other minerals.......................................... 31 Physical properties...................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Lazulite Mgal2(PO4)2(OH)2 C 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, Version 1 Crystal Data: Monoclinic
    Lazulite MgAl2(PO4)2(OH)2 c 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, version 1 Crystal Data: Monoclinic. Point Group: 2/m. As crystals, stubby to acute dipyramidal with forms {111}, {111}, {101}, to 15 cm, or tabular on {111} or {101}, with several other forms noted; granular, massive. Twinning: Common on {100} with composition plane {001} and marked re-entrant, occasionally producing lamellar or polysynthetic groups; rare on {223};by reflection on {221} with composition plane {331}; several other twin laws reported. Physical Properties: Cleavage: Poor to good on {110}; indistinct on {101}. Fracture: Uneven to splintery. Tenacity: Brittle. Hardness = 5.5–6 D(meas.) = 3.122–3.240 D(calc.) = 3.144 Optical Properties: Transparent to translucent, may be nearly opaque. Color: Azure-blue, sky-blue, bluish white, yellow-green, blue-green, rarely green. Streak: White. Luster: Vitreous. Optical Class: Biaxial (–). Pleochroism: Strong; X = colorless; Y = blue; Z = darker blue. Orientation: Y = b; X ∧ c =10◦. Dispersion: r< v,weak. Absorption: Z > Y X. α = 1.604–1.626 β = 1.626–1.654 γ = 1.637–1.663 2V(meas.) = ∼70◦ Cell Data: Space Group: P 21/c. a = 7.144(1) b = 7.278(1) c = 7.228(1) β = 120.50(1)◦ Z=2 X-ray Powder Pattern: Werfen, Austria; nearly identical to scorzalite. 3.23 (100), 3.20 (59), 3.14 (55), 3.077 (42), 4.73 (18), 2.548 (18), 1.571 (18) Chemistry: (1) (2) (1) (2) P2O5 45.79 44.64 FeO 3.95 11.30 TiO2 0.20 MgO 10.38 6.34 Al2O3 32.49 32.06 CaO 0.06 Fe2O3 0.60 H2O 6.48 5.66 Total 99.95 100.00 (1) Graves Mountain, Georgia, USA.
    [Show full text]
  • Prepublished Article
    1 New arsenate minerals from the Arsenatnaya fumarole, Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka, 2 Russia. VIII. Arsenowagnerite, Mg2(AsO4)F 3 4 Igor V. Pekov1*, Natalia V. Zubkova1, Atali A. Agakhanov2, Vasiliy O. Yapaskurt1, Nikita V. 5 Chukanov3, Dmitry I. Belakovskiy2, Evgeny G. Sidorov4 and Dmitry Yu. Pushcharovsky1 6 7 1Faculty of Geology, Moscow State University, Vorobievy Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia 8 2Fersman Mineralogical Museum of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt 18-2, 9 119071 Moscow, Russia 10 3Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 11 Chernogolovka, Moscow Oblast, Russia 12 4Institute of Volcanology and Seismology, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 13 Piip Boulevard 9, 683006 Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia 14 *E-mail: [email protected] 15 16 Running title: Arsenowagnerite, a new mineral 17 18 Abstract 19 A new mineral arsenowagnerite Mg2(AsO4)F, the arsenate analogue of wagnerite, was found in 20 sublimates of the Arsenatnaya fumarole at the Second scoria cone of the Northern Breakthrough 21 of the Great Tolbachik Fissure Eruption, Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka, Russia. It is closely 22 associated with johillerite, tilasite, anhydrite, hematite, fluorophlogopite, cassiterite, 23 calciojohillerite, aphthitalite, and fluoborite. Arsenowagnerite occurs as equant to tabular crystals 24 up to 1 mm across combined in interrupted crusts up to 0.1 x 1.5 x 3 cm. The mineral is 25 transparent, light yellow, lemon-yellow, greenish-yellow or colourless and has a vitreous lustre. 26 Arsenowagnerite is brittle, with Mohs’ hardness of ca 5. Cleavage is distinct, the fracture is –3 27 uneven. Dcalc = 3.70 g cm .
    [Show full text]
  • Hand-Book of Valuable Minerals : What They Are! What They
    TN ZGO ■H -f, ' & <- > > «.v' 0 /■ ,-vv' ( 0 N C . <£, \ ^ ^ ✓ <7* . • o \* , ■ - A - *& 0N • ' +*■ V* ;.' ** U. ■ •jopuag sapjg pajiun ‘KVItaOO d V 'non •ojouugBg jo pog 8INJO JoX8Ajns-x9 uaif.vvBi ‘(TiaiaaVAY XIAYCia •>[UEtf ibuoijb^ I'Bjuoaixioo juopTsajg ‘KOSSOYf 'a aHa'IIAY ‘DO “.Ji\r ppiuoQOK-nBjCg puu ifjpuno^ aJOuix^Bg qjnog ‘qoBg pmon*K sjajupBjnuupi aopajig ‘J9[py cy quBjg J° ‘aXVaa MOItCHOS •ipxa- Jnoijj put? ujoq -gojg-xa ‘euog y jjbj -ft i jo ‘gavj y Aaxail ‘KvaanAv v svitoiu ■a ‘a 'A 'O J° Pn« ‘3I8!IiB0 JO jgn?g pmoijVK ejm?qoj9j\[ ‘qnBg jieodag apipBo aqg, jojoajig ‘ 03 piiBq BqBino g juopisajg-ODpv ‘ Kd loi«!lJ«0 JO sjpoAY J«0 iuopisoaj ‘aa3S0a II f •ja^AVBg ‘HKia a saaavno ■00 BBaadxg -g -fi -jdng pjaiiao ‘ipojY ayo^ ‘XXVIJ '3 AaX3II •00 y ujoqaauog h jo ‘itnvaaaaxvit anoitAas •00 y pujo uipbiv jo ‘auo xaaaio at ■sojg AVBqg jo ‘AYVHS 'a KIIOI1 'Bia ‘3HIAe8niT?0 J° qnBg iBnotjujq; jsjig juapisaag-aoiA l'«A 'AY ‘jnouipaij jo quBg [«aoji*X jsaij juapisaag-aoiA ‘NVdiaaHS KIIOI' pit jo eojBSaiaa jo oauou joqBodg xo ijoXa\t?o *anHS<m at aoaoao uaamSna suijiuhuoo aixuts 'ii aoiaaaaaa •quBg oSuBqoxg ibhoijb^ pnB Ijaioog aiqBjmbg aaora -ijp?g aqjL ‘jog uoiue^aK Jopaaig -oq y pjojoa jo ‘<1110X3(1 a a •00 poQ oBuiojog jajusBOJj, pnB ‘quBg uoing [buoiybm jopaaig l-oo (Boo ^iiba a8ojO spSaoao pnt? uopBg juapisajj l °o uosuay 2? uBpuaqg ‘qoBia poppajd ‘govaa aaoaAYvao 'll •qtiBg iBUOijBjyi iBjnonijuoo jojoaaig ‘03 J9>pbjo uopbiy d soiuBp juapissij cX0SVH 'a SaitVf •XuBdraoo jBoquiBOjg JOAig jajsoqo juopisojg ‘(1331jaYAY 303030 ,fiilJoAY
    [Show full text]
  • MINERALOGY of TRIPLITE E. Wn. Hnrnucu, Uniaersity of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
    MINERALOGY OF TRIPLITE E. Wn. HnrNucu, Uniaersity of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan AssrRAcr Triplite, previously treated as a divariant series between Fe" and Mn", may also contain relatively large amounts of Mg and lesser amounts of Ca. Variation in Fe and Mg is the primary factor influencing the optical properties, but Mn variation has little effect. Three new analyses of Colorado triplites are presented; two are high in Mg. Apparently the only valid species formed through weathering of triplite are dufrenite, vivianite, and phosphosiderite. Alluaudite and apatite form by reaction with solutions. Nearly 80 triplite localities have been recorded. Triplite occurs in four types of granitic pegmatites and three types of hydrothermal, high temperature veins. INtnopucrroN Previous to the work of Hurlbut (1936) triplite generally was regarded as consisting of an isomorphous seriesof two elements, ferrous iron and manganese.Analyses of triplite containing important amounts of mag- nesium were rare, and usually no consideration was given to the element in attempting to relate physical properties to composition (Henderson, 1928, Otto, 1936,and Richmond, 1940).As a result of a study of the pegmatitesof Eight Mile Park, Fremont County, Colorado,the writer described several new triplite discoveries (Heinrich, 1948). Rough crys- tals of triplite from one of these occurrenceswere measuredby Wolfe and Heinrich (1947). Qualitative tests indicated that the magnesium con- tents of these triplites might be abnormally large and that complete chemical analyses would be desirable. The writer is indebted to the Faculty Research Fund of the Rackham Graduate School, University of Michigan, for a generousgrant defraying the cost of the analysesand other expenses.Thanks are due to Professor Clifford Frondel of the De- partment of Mineralogy and Petrography, Harvard University, and to Professor Brian Mason of the Department of Geology, Indiana Uni- versity, for critical examinations of the manuscript and for suggestions toward its improvement.
    [Show full text]
  • Superspace Description of Wagnerite-Group Crystal Engineering Minerals (Mg,Fe,Mn)2(PO4)(F,OH) and Materials ISSN 2052-5206
    research papers Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science, Superspace description of wagnerite-group Crystal Engineering minerals (Mg,Fe,Mn)2(PO4)(F,OH) and Materials ISSN 2052-5206 Biljana Lazic,a* Thomas Reinvestigation of more than 40 samples of minerals Received 12 June 2013 a b Accepted 14 November 2013 Armbruster, Christian Chopin, belonging to the wagnerite group (Mg, Fe, Mn)2(PO4)(F,OH) Edward S. Grew,c Alain from diverse geological environments worldwide, using single- Baronnetd and Lukas Palatinuse crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, showed that most crystals B-IncStrDB reference: have incommensurate structures and, as such, are not 8712E0W5yP adequately described with known polytype models (2b), aMineralogical Crystallography, Institute of (3b), (5b), (7b) and (9b). Therefore, we present here a unified Geological Sciences, University of Bern, Freie- superspace model for the structural description of periodically strasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland, bLaboratoire de Ge´ologie, Ecole Normale Supe´rieure – and aperiodically modulated wagnerite with the (3+1)- CNRS, 24 Rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, dimensional superspace group C2/c(0 0)s0 based on the cSchool of Earth and Climate Sciences, Univer- average triplite structure with cell parameters a ’ 12.8, b ’ sity of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469-5790, 6.4, c ’ 9.6 A˚ , ’ 117 and the modulation vectors q = b*. d United States, Aix-Marseille Universite´, CNRS, The superspace approach provides a way of simple modelling CINaM, UMR 7325, 13288 Marseille, France, and eInstitute of Physics of the Academy of of the positional and occupational modulation of Mg/Fe and Sciences of the Czech Republic, Na Slovance 2, F/OH in wagnerite.
    [Show full text]