Organizer: Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation

V TH MOSCOW CONFERENCE ON INTERNATIONAL SECURITY moscow, 27–28 April 2016

CONFERENCE REVIEW Greetings by the President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin

I am happy to welcome participants and guests of the V Moscow Conference on International Security. Over the years your forum, organized by the Russian Federation Defence Ministry, has proved its strong role of a sought-after platform for professional discus- sions on a broad range of global and regional security issues, striving to find the most suitable solutions. It is important that it brings together representatives of defence agencies from different countries, heads of international organizations and leading Russian and foreign experts. This year agenda is focused on combating international terrorism, which has grown to unprecedented scales and, in fact, challenged civilization. It requires concerted and strong action of the entire international community to effectively counter this global threat. Russian initiative of a wide anti-terror front, which is proposed to be set up based on international law and under the UN auspices, is aimed to solve this problem. Russian Aerospace Forces delivered a strong strike against ISIL and other terrorist organizations in Syria, contributed to a radical change in the situation and created favorable conditions for moving forward inter-Syrian dialogue in the interests of the political settlement of the conflict. I am convinced that during the Conference you will be able to thor- oughly discuss a wide range of issues requiring joint decisions based on international law and the principle of equal and indivisible security. I wish you a fruitful work and all the best. /4 /presentations review (% of total) of (% representation Regional participants conference

Middle East Total number of participants 15 %

708 Europe 12 % 12

Latin America Latin 8 % 8

28 % 28 Africa

Asia 5 % North America 3 %

Participating countries

Russia 29 % 83 of Independent States authorities Public organizations international Commonwealth

of the Federation Russian Assembly Federal the of Duma State The of the Federation Russian Affairs Foreign of Ministry The Military agencies

Nations United 52

of Arab States Arab of League

Executive Office Executive Presidential The Federation Russian the of Service Intelligence Foreign The of the Federation Russian Assembly Federal the of of the Federation Council The Treaty Organization Collective Security Security Collective

Nongovernmental organizations Cooperation in Europe for Security and and Security for Organization Organization 125 of the Federation Russian Council Security The Federation Russian the of Service Security Federal The of the Red Cross Red the of International International Committee

/5 /27–28 april 2016 /6 /presentations review Patrushev Nikolay The plenarysessionopenedwithgreetings from President oftheRussianFederation Vladimir Opening oftheConference the current state of affairs in the world requires more coordinated and decisive action from action decisive world requires more coordinated and the in affairs currentof the state these issuesin theinterests ofthewelfare andprosperity ofthepeoples of allournations.” to anuptickininternationalterrorism — themainthreat tosecurityfacedtoday.Inorder to the internationalcommunity.IntheseconditionsPatrushev stressed theparticulardanger to strengthen state stability and served as а technologies; identifying and obstructing terrorist financing channels. Patrushev also spoke efforts and set differences aside. He stressed President Putin’s initiative to establish а Participants thenlistenedtoNikolay Patrushev’s speech.TheSecretary oftheSecurityCouncil Putin, read bySecretary oftheRussianFederation SecurityCouncilNikolay Patrushev. online; protecting states from external intervention using information and communications and information interventionusing fromexternal protectingstates online; of Russia said that the Moscow Conference on International Security was а about the need to strengthen international control over drug trafficking on the basis of keyUN international anti-terrorist coalition based on international law, with the UN taking а to efforts collective for need the of awareness growing “the to testified conference the in domestic affairs. This, he said, leads not only to wars and international conflicts, but also but conflicts, international and wars to only not leads said, he This, affairs. domestic with states all around the globe, both on а stopping the activities of foreign fighters, including after their return to their home countries; role, andput forward thefollowing stepstoimprove thesituation:increasing cooperation in conventions. He stressed that Russia is open to constructive cooperation on all these issues channels on refugee issues; stopping terrorist recruitment and propaganda activities, including combat this threat, Nikolay Patrushev proposed to consolidate the international community’s combat newthreats andchallenges.”TheSecretary oftheSecurityCouncilalsonotedthat boosting information-sharing about terrorist movements; establishing mutual information mutual terroristestablishing movements;about information-sharing boosting his confidence that the conference “will make it possible to take another step towards solving posed today by certain states’ tendency to act unilaterally, and intervene in other states’ problems facedtoday.Patrushevnotedthatthehighlyrepresentational level ofparticipants bilateral and multilateral basis. Patrushev expressed platform for cooperation on countering the global key event in efforts

leading broad Shoygu Sergey lavrov sergey

Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation Sergey Lavrov started his address by noting the MiddleEastcountriesisto involve all main populationgroups. Thefactthatterrorists also that “the problem of international terrorism logically became а became terrorismlogically international of problem “the that to expandcooperation withintheSCO,DefenceMinisterShoygu notedRussia’s proposal to the UnitedStatesonSyrianissue,butnotedStates’uncompromising stance priority top terrorism. The Defence Minister condemned “flirting” with terrorism and any form of support to theupcomingRussia-ASEANsummitinSochi. values from outside. The minister stressed that the only way to resolve domestic conflicts in in conflicts resolvedomestic to way only the that stressed minister The outside. from values Syria. In relation to this the defence minister also had а had also minister defence the this to relation In Syria. In his speech, the minister stressed the need “to learn all our lessons” and recognise actions actions recognise and lessons” our all learn “to need the stressed minister the speech, his In In hisaddress, MinisterofDefencetheRussian Federation, ArmyGeneral Sergey Shoygu engaging indangerous strategic plans.Despitethis,Shoygu noted,attemptstoisolateRussia Russia-NATO cooperation has been frozen, and not on Russia’s initiative. “A harsh, uncompro Russian DefenceMinistry’s prioritiesisenhancingmilitarycooperation withCISandCSTO of theconvention toincludemeasures tocounterbiological terrorism threats. Theminister also agencies from Russia and ASEAN states, noting that this meeting made а made meeting this that noting states, ASEAN fromand agencies Russia and decisions that pushed the Middle East and North Africa into “a downward“a into Africa overallspiralNorth to and East Middle the pushed that decisions and including using high-precision, long-range non-nuclear weapons the effects of which are which of effects the weapons non-nuclear long-range high-precision, using including develop theInternational Convention fortheSuppression ofActsChemicalTerrorism withinthe degradation with still unclear outcomes” as unsound. That requires the recognition of the global security as the development of the missile defence system and “Prompt Global Strike, groupings such as “Islamic State” and Jabhat al-Nusra (both banned in Russia), and created states have started expanding their military infrastructure along Russia’s borders while also to threats such on focused He stable. more any become not has situation the and secure rity architechture in the region. Shoygu praised the first ever meeting of the heads ofdefence а of creation the and Pacific Asia in countries with relations regarding theretention ofBasharAssadasSyrianPresident. Shoygu saidthatoneofthe cultural andcivilisationaldiversity ofcountriesacross theworld,andtorefrain from imposing create an institution of military representatives within this organisation. Shoygu stressed that countries, with а comparable tonuclearweapons.” Thenumberoneglobalthreat oftoday,Shoygu said,is conditions to launch the process of political settlement of the conflict , opened up pathways up opened process , the conflict launch the to of conditions settlement political of framework oftheConference onDisarmament, andtheproposal toexpandthepossible scope for terrorism, and also stressed that exterminating terrorists istheRussian Defence Ministry’s for humanitarianaidtoreach theSyrianpeople,andsawstartofdeminingworkwithin noted thatover theyear sincetheprevious conference, theworldhasnotgrown anymore have already used, adds а have technicaldocumentationandproduction capacity tocreate chemicalweapons, whichthey its to attaches Russia that significance the noted also Defence of Minister The failed. have mising informationwarisbeingwagedagainstRussia,”Shoygu said.InthemeantimeNATO — as evidenced by its operation in Syria, which dealt а dealt which Syria, operationin its by evidenced as — view to further strengthening Russia’s national security. Addressing the need further threat. In this regard Lavrov recalled the Russian initiative to positive view of cooperation with cooperation of view positive new equal and indivisible secu - indivisible and equal new focal point of the conference”. the of point focal “major blow” to terroristblow”to “major vital contribution vital -

/7 /27–28 april 2016 /8 /presentations review Alexander Alexander Bortnikov Feltman Jeffrey Jeffrey “Islamic State” (IS) and its allies. As а As allies. its and (IS) State” “Islamic As examples of recent strident terrorist attacks, the FSB Director pointed to the bombing of the Gulf. Lavrov expressed concern over the situation in Afghanistan, which is “affected by toxic toxic by “affected is which Afghanistan, in situation the over concern expressedLavrov Gulf. to conference participants. to untie conflicts and create а ter-terrorist operations, supported by the Russian Aerospace Forces, dealt а dealt Forces,Aerospace Russian the by ter-terroristsupported operations, Ukraine is the which affairs, European in tension of generator powerful ‘the off turn finally to Sergey Lavrov stressed thatbuildingreliable securityarchitecture inEurope isimposiblewithout In his address, the UN Secretary-GeneralUN address,“terroriststhe stressedhis that In а pose expressed inthecorresponding UNSecurityCouncilresolutions. Inaddition,Lavrov described expand their own military presence in Northeast Asia. “We are convinced that creating reliable exposure to the ‘Islamic State’”. The developing situation on the Korean Peninsula is also а of attacks by criminal groups in the North Caucasus. Alexander Bortnikov said that “effective that said Bortnikov Alexander Caucasus. North the in groups criminal by attacks of а and Brussels, and Paris terroristin Peninsula, attacks Sinai overthe plane Russian the noted Bortnikov Alexander General Army (FSB) Service Security Federal the of Director “International obligations.” their honour to authorities MeasuresaboveforceKiev and, all, the Russia. The minister said that NATO’s actions “alter the military and political landscape in a of profound concern,rooted inNorthKorea ignoringtheinternationalcommunity’s opinionas UN Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights”. Some terrorist groups have grown UN Under-Secretary-General Jeffrey Feltman read UN Secretary-General Ban Ki Moon’s address and theneedforcooperation between countries’special servicesandlawenforcement agencies. and power components.”TheFSBDirector particularlyhighlightedtherole played bythespecial a militarily peacefulandstablezone,whichitwasonlyrecently”. Increasing missiledefence actions aimedatoverthrowing governments orunderminingthestabilityofotherstates will as “dangerous and counterproductive” certain countries’ desire to exploit the tense situation to way, especiallyinnortheasternEurope, makingitanarea ofheightenedtensioninstead services, whichhave thenecessaryoperational resources forthiskindofcomplexresponse, relations are at а counter-­ countries of their permanent residence, leading to the creation of extremist terrorist cells there. century,” theministerstressed inconclusion. crisis,” Sergey Lavrov said. “The only way to go is to honestly implement the Minsk Package of Iran’s nuclear to related concerns “Lifting concern. particular of subject the are capabilities mechanisms for ensuring equal and indivisible security based on а on based security indivisible and equal ensuring for mechanisms uptick interrorist activityintheMiddleEastandNorthAfrica.TheSyrianArmy’s active coun- necessary is “It said. minister the plans,” these to adjustments any to led programmenot has promote trustandstabilityintheAsia-PacificRegion,”Sergey Lavrov said. principles ofrespect forinternational law,aswell astherefusal tocarry outorsupport any а for Concept updated Russia’saccept noted to proposal terrorist activity must be built on а crossroads: either chaos and anarchy will expand, or we will work as а global governance system consistent with the realities of the 21 consequence, there is an outflow of foreign fighters to fighters foreign of outflow an is there consequence, systematic basis, including ideological, information, Security Framework for the Persian Persian the for Framework Security non-aligned approach and approachand non-aligned direct assault on the the on directassault serious blow to to blow serious number number

source major major team team st st gerasimov valery

TERRORISM AS а MAJOR THREAT TO GLOBAL SECURITY Anatoly Antonov Terrorism Centre as its integral part. They act on the basis of the Global Counter-Terrorism At the first plenary session, participants identified the key characteristics of contemporary of characteristics key the identified participants session, plenary first the At Chief of the General Staff of the Russian Federation Armed Forces Armed Federation Russian the of Staff General the of Chief Counter-Terrorism Committee. Ban Ki Moon expressed his hope that UN member states “will “will Counter-Terrorismstates member UN that expressedhope Moon his Ki Ban Committee. the differencesthat terrorist groups andviolentextremists seektocreate andexploit”. find consensus on а the increased terrorist threat andhas considerable experience incombating terrorism. Inthe to useterrorist organisations toachieve itsown foreign policy goals. terrorism, shared theirexperienceofcooperation between militaryagenciesandinternational а such to Strategy developed incompliancewithrecommendations from theExecutive Directorate ofthe operations. TheSecretary-General saidthathehastaken stepstostrengthen coordination on Russian Federation’s 2014military doctrine,thegrowing activityofglobalterrorism wasforthe Defence oftheRussianFederation, ArmyGeneral Valery Gerasimov notedthatRussiarecognises organisations incombatingthisthreat. Participantsagreed thatitisunacceptableforanycountry Moderator key componentsare theCounter-Terrorism ImplementationTask Force andtheUNCounter- counter-terrorist activitywithintheUN,andoutlinedmechanismforitsimplementation.Its Deputy MinisterofDefencetheRussianFederation, Ambassador Plenary session scale that they control territory, resources, populations, and carry out trans-border out carry and resources,territory,populations, control they that scale strong outcome resolution that reinforces international unity in the face of — First Deputy Minister of of Minister Deputy First —

/9 /27–28 april 2016 /10 /presentations review Wanquan Chang

“Syria’sfigurespolitical senior its of election the and by system decided political be its will fate, Defence Minister of the People’s Republic of China, General Chang Wanquan said that fighting fighting that Wanquansaid Chang General People’s China, the of of Republic Minister Defence the United States have developed and signed а signed and developed have States United the first time identified as а as identified time first terrorism requires complexmeasures aimed at rooting out notjustthesymptomsof а into country recentlyflourishing the the use of the armed forces, but it cannot be beaten with military force alone,” the Chief of the the threat isinthevery earlystages,avoidingitsideologystrikingroots inthepublicconscious Syria as an example of this last scenario: “following the Libyan scenario in Syria would have led Syrian peoplealone.” extremism must also gain popular support. Chang Wanquan also highlighted the danger of of danger the highlighted also Wanquan Chang support. popular gain also must extremism exclusively incounter-terrorist operations inSyriaandare present there entirely legally.The Baghdad; а Russian General Staff said. Valery Gerasimov also identified several causes for terrorism: poverty of the population in а operations is done in advance; second, you must strike pre-emptively against terrorism, when a air baseonRussia’s initiative. Gerasimov concludedbynotingRussia’s positionasbeingthat involvement prevented this from happening. Gerasimov noted that Russian forces are involved states’ desire to exploit terrorist and extremist groups for their political ends. Gerasimov gave counter-terrorist for forces armed of preparation the that vital is it first, conclusions: several created;а conditions forstatestocooperate ontheSyrianproblem have alsobeencreated. Russiaand counter-terrorist operations on its own soil. “We repelled that first terrorist attack and came to problem — butitscauses: political,economic,cultural, anddiplomatic.The struggleagainst ness, developing, and seizing new territories; and third, terrorism cannot be eliminated without four-party (Iraq, Iran, Syria, Russia) counter-terrorist information centre is up and running in reconciliation centre for conflicting parties in Syria has been set up at the Hmeimim Hmeimim the at up set reconciliation been has Syria centre in parties conflicting for mechanism for collaboration between defence agencies of Russia and Israel has been number of states, external interference in sovereign states’ affairs, certain military threat. In the 1990s, Russia gained experience in carrying in out experience gained Russia 1990s, the threat.In military source of terroristentiresourceregion.”of Russia’sthe threat for bilateral Memorandum on Air Safety in Syria; Syria; in Safety Air on Memorandum bilateral - Dehghan Drennan Hossein Hossein Peter

At thesametime,Iran, theministersaid,hasbeenwarninginternationalcommunity Century) couldserve tofacilitatecounter-terrorist efforts. General Hossein Dehghan noted that one of the main security threats in the Middle East lies tory. Thelinesbetween existingsecuritythreats suchasterrorism, organised crime,andviolent to prevent the destructive use of cyberspace, Hossein Dehghan suggested including the this issue. The minister noted that projects put forward by Chinese President Xi Jinping to constantly is China that said Wanquan Chang persists. Movement TurkestanIslamic East the counter-terroristpromote to order in that said terrorism.He nuclear of threatgrowing the Iraq, andofthepeopleYemen, forthedefenceoftheirterritorial integrity,nationalunityand extremism, are becomingblurred asthey intertwine. Terrorist organisations exploit local and of mass destructionacross theworld,anddemandsIsrael’s nucleardisarmament.In order Eastern countriesledbySaudiArabia, whichare thecreators andsponsors ofterrorist groups. Minister ofDefenceandArmedForces LogisticsoftheIslamicRepublicIran Brigadier or organisation canhinderthecontinueddevelopment ofIran’s defencecapability, particularly of on whichIran’s securitypolicyisbased.Iran hasnotundertaken, and willnotundertake any UN peacekeepers todayhave totake stepssimilartoplanningmilitaryoperations inhostile terri UN finds itself working in the most challenging conditions ever. The peacekeepers’ “blue helmets” UN Under-Secretary-General Peter Drennan noted that, due to changing security situation, the inter-ethnic conflicts for their their for conflicts Extremistinter-ethnic ends. own terrorists individual and cells are becoming in domestic problems within the states being exploited by external powers as а powersas external by exploited being states the within problems domestic in assault on the national security interests of other countries, and condems intervention in the of line front the on currently itself and finds beginning, very the from danger this about The “bad.” and avoiding double standards in the fight against terrorism, and not to divide terrorists into “good” in themissilearea. in Iraq. According to theminister, Iran alsosupportsthecompleteannihilationof weapons al-Shaabi Hashd Yemenand in Allah Ansar movements,liberation Palestinian Lebanon, in interfering in their sovereign affairs. Hossein Dehghan said “takfiri-zionist forces” are the main improving anti-terrorist legslationandisactively workingwiththeinternational communityon do notprotect UNrepresentatives from attackbyterrorists andotherarmedgroups. Thatiswhy with respect different cultures, traditions, and social orders. Chang Wanquan also called for for called also Wanquan Chang orders. social and traditions, cultures, different respect with war against terrorism, bearing the highest costs. Hossein Dehghan outlined the principles the outlined Dehghan Hossein costs. highest the terrorism,bearing against war sovereign affairs. Iran will support the legitimate requests of the governments of Syria and Syria governments of the of legitimate requests the support sovereign will Iran affairs. culprit behindtheglobalinstability,supportedbyUnitedStates,Israel andseveral Middle cooperation itisvitaltoweaken ideologicalfactors,drop faith-baseddiscrimination,andtreat movemements countering “the dominance of the hegemonic system”, such as Hezbollah as such system”, hegemonic the of dominance “the countering movemements national cooperation in the fight against terrorism”. Iran will always support national freedom а as Syria Russia’sin presencecalled minister The independence. political 21 the of Road Silk Maritime and Belt Economic Road (Silk development international ulate ensuring cyber-security on the agenda of any security talks. He noted that no single country minister said that the issue of terrorism is relevant for China: the threat from threat the China: for relevant terrorismis of issue the that said minister “symbol of inter­­of “symbol pretext for pretext issue issue stim their their st - -

/11 /27–28 april 2016 /12 /presentations review Muhammad Khawaja Khawaja Karzai Hamid Asif Asif

179 UNworkers have beenkilledbyterrorists and1,121have beeninjured. Insomecountriesthe As а As In his speech, Defence Minister of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan Khawaja Muhammad Asif In his speech, Defence Minister ofthe Islamic Republicof Pakistan Khawaja Muhammad Asif Head of the Hamid Karzai Foundation, Ex-President of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, Hamid the only effective way to combat terrorism involves sincere cooperation between the United United the between cooperation sincere terrorism involves combat to way effective only the the Quadrilateral Coordination Group onAfghanistanandisseriouslyconcernedbycertainspecial such ones long-running the obscure East Middle the across erupting conflicts new the that group irregular armed and states between conflicts low-intensity of expansion an is there to prevent and combat terrorism, while also strengthening the UN’s role in this area; and fourth, capacity-building terrorism;third, combating and preventingterrorism; second, of spread the the organisation’s main counter-terrorist strategy: first, examining the conditions that facilitate values, and political agendas”, Peter Drennan said. The UN Under-Secretary-General also outlined States, Russia, China, India, Iran and other interested parties. He particularly highlighted the the highlighted particularly He parties. interested other and Iran India, China, Russia, States, external intervention. After the entry of Soviet forces, Afghanistan witnessed increased external ensuring thathumanrightsandthesupremacy of laware respected asfundamentalprinciples Karzai, started his speech by talking about Afghanistan’s recent history, and how it suffered from Hamid Karzai stressed that the main task today is to set aside the approach that suggests that of theirdignity,self-respect, andsubjectingthemtosocialeconomicinjusticeleading US militarypresence inAfghanistan,notonlyhadthecrisisbeenresolved, ithadstartedto UN is targeted even deliberately. “Terrorist groups and organisations see the United Nations as in thefightagainstterrorism. as the Palestine-Israel and Kashmir conflicts. Khawaja Muhammad Asif noted that Pakistan Pakistan that noted Asif Muhammad Khawaja conflicts. Kashmir and Palestine-Israel the as a clearly delineatedtheatre and front-line, hestressed. Pakistan’s Defence Ministerstressed an enemy trying to defeat them, and associate the United Nations with Western or Westernised ings. The psychological component plays а plays component psychological The ings. inequality hasforced theexploitedindividualsto blindlyfollow themerchants ofdeathnotonly in reckless pursuit ofshort-term,narrow nationalinterests attheexpenseofothers”, he said. spread to neighbouring countries such as Pakistan. External intervention, Hamid Karzai said, said, Karzai Hamid intervention, External Pakistan. as such countries neighbouring to spread left. forces Soviet the after continued which country, the within groupings Islamist for support services’ activitiesthatincitesubversion andfacilitateterrorism. а undergone also has “war” of concept the recently that noted He said. stressed that terrorism has complex socio-economic causes. “Depriving individual human being led to the creation of “Islamic State”. “Terrorism continues to be the product of policies rooted policies of product“Terrorism State”.the “Islamic be creationof to the continues to led conflicts and international international and conflicts morerelations generally are а as seen for money but also to act against the systems which fail to address their justified concerns”, he major anti-terrorist operation Zarb-e-Azb. He also said that Pakistan supports the efforts by by efforts the supports Pakistan that said also He Zarb-e-Azb. anti-terroristoperation major achievedhas terrorism fighting in success significant а as including Asia, South in harderneutralise. and The UNUnder-Secretary-General identify to saidthat,inthelast10years, result, Afghanistan saw an influx of extremists from the whole world. After 15 years of years 15 After world. whole the from extremists of influx an saw Afghanistan result, key role in contemporary conflict. Wars today lack lack today conflict. contemporaryWars in rolekey zero sum game. He said that zerothat said He game. sum transformation. Todaytransformation. result the of - Chansamone Chansamone Chanyalath The minister stressed that minister involvedThe Laos is stressed actively currently in consolidating regional Anatoly Antonov (ARF) and informal summit of defence ministers of ASEAN countries (ACDFIM). He also He also (ACDFIM). countries of ASEAN ministers of defence summit informal and (ARF) SECURITY CHALLENGES ANDOPPORTUNITIES FOR Chanyalath said. Mechanisms involved in tackling South East Asia’s security problems problems security Asia’s East South tackling in involved Mechanisms said. Chanyalath Work in each of these areas is supported by expert working groups. The possibility of possibility The groups. working expert by supported is areas these of each in Work General Chansamone Chanyalath identified reasons why Asia Pacific finds itself under under itself finds Pacific Asia why reasons identified Chanyalath Chansamone General the increased cooperation between RussiaandAfghanistaninthepolitical, economic andmilitary establishing a establishing Defence Ministers of ASEAN-plus countries (ADMM-plus), the ASEAN Regional Forum Colonel Senior Republic, Democratic People’s Lao the of Defence National of Minister During theplenarysession,conference participantsshared theirviewsonthepolitico-military on the region. and global economic ties, particularly with ASEAN states. “We will continue to open open to continue will “We states. ASEAN with particularly ties, economic global and the rated highly speakers The Pacific. Asia architecturefor security building to approaches include the Meeting of Defence Ministers of ASEAN countries (ADMM), the Meeting of Meeting the (ADMM), countries ASEAN of Ministers Defence of Meeting the include attentionincreased from the international community in strengthening securityacross theregion. importance of Pakistan openly joining the battle against terrorism in Afghanistan. He also called Moderator doors to the outside world, implement the multidirectional, multilateral and multi-format multi-format and multilateral multidirectional, the implement world, outside the to doors situation in Asia Pacific and proposed steps to counter threats to regional security, identifying spheres animportantfactor. ready armies, the strong influence of а of influence strong the armies, ready role played byASEANmechanisms,aswell asbilateral andmultilateral militarycooperation cooperation within allies”, the region without being military Senior Colonel General а of concentration reigon, the of countries peacekeeping operations, military medicines and humanitarian demining activities. activities. demining and humanitarian medicines operations, military peacekeeping relief, disaster natural and aid humanitarian terrorism, combating security, maritime cooperation: of areas key six involves meeting ASEAN-plus the currently, that, noted developed countries, strong competitionnatural and economically resources between Deputy DefenceMinisteroftheRussianFederation, Ambassador Plenary session IN THEASIA-PACIFIC INTERNATIONAL MILITARY-TO-MILITARY COOPERATION working group comprising experts in information security is currently currently is security information in experts comprising group working variety of security threats, including terrorism terrorism including threats, security of variety large amount of armaments and combat- and armaments of amount large — large population, abundance of — population, large abundance

/13 /27–28 april 2016 /14 /presentations review Ngo Xuan Lich Ngo Ryamizard Ryamizard Ryacudu %, 3.5 %, while negatively, ideology organization’s the view population country’s 26.3 the % of Defence Minister of the Republic of Indonesia Ryamizard Ryacudu outlined the main security security main the outlined Ryacudu Ryamizard Indonesia of Republic the of Minister Defence tional cooperation in this area: first, increased role for international military diplomacy and and diplomacy military international for role increased first, area: this in cooperation tional Indonesia terrorism. against battle the in power” “soft and patriotism by played role the Defence Indonesian The piracy. maritime and cyberspace in action military trafficking, “Islamic of activities the including world, wider the and country his both by faced threats State”, natural disasters, the spread of diseases, and threats of biological terrorism, drug drug terrorism, biological of threats and diseases, of spread the disasters, natural State”, — medicine military and relief, disaster natural aid, humanitarian delivering in exercises of the Second World War, the USSR made а made USSR War,the World end Second the the after of region: entire the and Vietnam regarding played Russia role the praised He Plus, and the Shangri-La Dialogue. Shangri-La the and Plus, Meeting- Ministers Defence ASEAN Forum, Regional ASEAN+1, ASEAN Summit, Asia East а suffered has country his that noted Lich Xuan Ngo General Army Vietnam, of Republic Socialist the of Defence National of Minister interna successful of foundation the form should that proposals main the voiced Ryacudu of destroying terrorists’ strategy their logistics and Syria, in networks. Forces He Aerospace said that Russian the of Indonesia, actions the and praised its populationMinister of other countries, seeks to be а be to seeks countries, other towards respect mutual and coexistance peaceful for stands Vietnam why is That peace. of noted Ryacudu Ryamizard extent. some to least at it support people, 7million about or а is people, million 200 over of their citizens; fourth, ASEAN, known for its conflict settlement potential, must step upstep must potential, settlement conflict for its known ASEAN, fourth, of citizens; their and help build peace in other regions; and fifth, harmonious relations between states must must states between relations harmonious fifth, and regions; other in peace build help and field organises Laos Russia, and Thailand with together Russia: and Laos between ation into alliances with any country against others. into against with any country alliances ASEAN other with relations its strengthen identity, national its develop further to intends welcomed Russia’s intention to expand its participation in Asia Pacific affairs and expressed expressed and affairs Pacific Asia in participation its expand to intention Russia’s welcomed activity. demining humanitarian on group а working co-chair will 2016. Russia 2017 and From September in Laos 2020 to Thailand in held be will which strategic communications; second, the armed forces must be ready to act as an instrument instrument an as act to ready be must forces armed the second, communications; strategic states, including Muslim countries, and to fight radicalism by endorsing the principles of principles the endorsing by radicalism fight to and countries, Muslim including states, real Islam. The major part of Indonesia’s population understands the importance of this goal. this of importance the understands population Indonesia’s of part major The Islam. real countries achieving their freedom and independence, including Vietnam. Ngo Xuan Lich Lich Xuan Ngo Vietnam. including independence, and freedom their achieving countries for peacebuilding; third, the goal of any head of state must be the wellbeing and security be built irrespective of the political environment. political the of irrespective built be cooper noted ministerbeing The considered. also the main of areas military-to-military his wish for Russia to play а play to Russia for wish his potential target for “Islamic State”. According to 2015 statistics, 2015 to statistics, According State”. “Islamic for target potential more active role in regional security structures, such as the the as such structures, security regional in role active more reliable partner in international relations and does not enter enter not does and relations international in partner reliable great deal from wars, and understands the value value the understands and wars, from deal great significant contribution to many Asia Pacific Pacific Asia many to contribution significant - - Vorontsov Ng Eng Hen Eng Ng Alexander Alexander Inderjit Sultan Maria Singh Amsa Amin Rao

Maria Sultan, Director of the South Asian Strategic Stability Institute (Pakistan), asked the Indian Amsa Amin, Chair of the Centre for Strategic and Development Studies (Bangladesh), noted that Studies Oriental of Institute the at section Mongolia and Korea the of Head comments, his In Conduct of Parties concerned in the South concerned China Sea. of Parties Conduct the the in countries with alliances US on based formations of region the in activity increased the to six the of resumption the as well as resolutions Council Security UN corresponding the non-tra and traditional both include should agenda the that and Summit, Asian East the and ASEAN within cooperation on based be should architecture security regional the that Singapore. by proposed been have area this involved mainly This agencies. defence their between trust strengthen to measures taking а witness to the role ASEAN plays in settling the international differences over the South China Sea in Sea China South the over differences international the settling in plays ASEAN role the States in this indicator. In this environment, he stressed, countries of Asia Pacific are are Pacific Asia of countries stressed, he environment, this In indicator. this in States everyone is used to talking about radical Islamism, creatingа Islamism, radical about talking to used is everyone Minister of State for Defence of the Republic of India Rao Inderjit Singh praised Russia’s Russia’s praised Singh Inderjit Rao India of Republic the of Defence for State of Minister Defence Minister а Minister Defence Europe and spending, in in the defence coming they years could even the United outstrip continues Pacific Asia that said Hen Eng Ng Singapore of Republic the of Defence of Minister arrival of theUSmilitaryharware andequipmentontheIndian market?” thepoliticalexpert asked. a thatadded there is information coming in on the of possibility the United States deploying at noted Defence for State of Minister Indian The Pacific. Asia in cooperation developing and information-sharing and joint exercises. The minister noted that а that noted minister The exercises. joint and information-sharing does offer а Korea, North by out carried tests nuclear recent the condemns India threats. ditional supports the denuclearisation of the Korean Peninsula, and backs the implementation of of implementation the backs and Peninsula, Korean the of denuclearisation the supports region, such as US-Japan-South Korea and US-Japan-Australia trianlges. Vorontsov also also Vorontsov trianlges. US-Japan-Australia and Korea US-Japan-South as such region, and 2002, of Sea China South the in Parties of Conduct the on Declaration the with line components of its global missile defence in South Korea. South in defence missile global its of components felt that no full-fledged military cooperation is possible without а hopes to see а see to hopes values India that stressed also He programme. nuclear Korean North the on talks party Security Strengthening for Principles Framework of development continued the for proposal series of agreements with the United States on high-tech issues. “Can we expect the mass mass the expect we “Can issues. high-tech on States United the with agreements of series the Russian Academy of Sciences Alexander Vorontsov (Russia) drew participants’ attention attention participants’ drew (Russia) Vorontsov Alexander of Sciences Academy Russian the different lifestyle from the West but is heavily distorted by extremists. Amsa Amin rise in defence spending. He said that since 2013 Asian countries had overtaken overtaken had countries 2013 Asian since that said He spending. defence in rise consensus reached soon regarding adoptation of the full-fledged Code of Code full-fledged the of adoptation regarding soon reached consensus question. She said that according to their information, India had signed signed had India information, their to according that said She question. negative image of Islam, which which Islam, of image negative political and diplomatic basis. number of initiatives in in of initiatives number -

/15 /27–28 april 2016 /16 /presentations review Mahmoud Mahmoud Rudskoy Inderjit Sergey Shawa Singh Rao

The speakers set out how they saw the different approaches to stabilising the situation in the the in situation the stabilising to different approaches the saw they how out set speakers The а Deputy Defence Minister of the Syrian Arab Republic Corps General Mahmoud Shawa noted Russian the of Staff General the of DirectorateOperational Main the of Chief speech, his In а in is India that responded Singh Inderjit Rao Semyon Bagdasarov the Cold War. In recent years there has been the Israeli occupation of Palestine and the “Arab the and Palestine of occupation Israeli the been has there years War.recent Cold In the а and wars numerous seen has East Middle the that technology production capacity. Syrian forces. Spring”, provoked by colonial powers aiming to redivide the region. The deputy defence minister evaluated thepeaceprocess inSyriaandlooked atnewsecuritythreats facingtheregion. Middle East. It undermined the “Islamic State’s” resource base, leading to а а to led Syria in ForcesAerospace Russian Federation ArmedForces LieutenantGeneral Sergey Rudskoy notedthattheoperation ofthe Middle East.Issuesofcoordinating theinternationalcommunity’s actionsinresolving thecurrent oping its technological basis over many years. India’s position, the minister said, is that it must although а although in thegroup’s militarycapabilitiesandlossofinitiative. Government forces worked inclose Moderator disputes intheregion andputtinginplaceconditionsconducive topreventing militaryincidents is India that noted He production. high-tech of stages all implement to capability the develop developed in reconciling warring parties and monitoring the ceasefire. The situation in were also touched on. They looked at the legal mechanisms for fighting terrorism. Participants said that а stabilised, andthuspartoftheaviationgroup hasbeenwithdrawn totheirpermanent bases, region cantrace theirorigins back totheSykes-Picot agreement, andwere exacerbatedduring ready tocooperate onthisissueswithallcountries,butitspriorityisdeveloping itsown defence country. Rudskoy saidthatmilitants’attemptstoprovoke assaultsoncivilianinfrastructure, with overа controlregain to advisors Russian and militias with cooperation MIDDLE EAST, THETANGLE OFCONTRADICTIONS Director oftheCentreforMiddleEastandCentral AsiaStudies Discussion 1 view to discrediting Russia, were foiled. Constructive cooperation with the United States was number of states such as Turkey and Saudi Arabia are instruments of hostile policies, substantial force remains at Hmeimim airbase to monitor the ceasefire and assist assist ceasefire and the monitor to airbase Hmeimim forceremainsat substantial breakthrough in the fight against terrorism in the the terrorism in against fight the breakthroughin unique geopolitical situation. It has been devel- been has It situation. geopolitical unique significant portion of the problems in the the in problems the of portion significant significant part of the the of part significant significant decrease Syria has Syria has Daccord Yves

Director General of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) Yves Daccord identified their completionofthesetgoalswithinSyriaandhasinnowaydamagedcountry. the mainsource ofrefugees. Second, Yves Daccord referred towhatRussianDefenceMinister tially three key elementsintheMiddleEastcrisis.First, thevalueofhumanlifehasfallensubstan- together with Iran and China are fighting global terrorism “for their balanced, effective role in the there in а in there Sergey Shoygu said,stressing theimportanceofadherence tohumanitarianlaw.Itisconstantly entire territory. Asthedeputyminiternoted,partialwithdrawal ofRussianforces followed Palestinian problem andto isolatethosepowers intheregion thatsupportterrorism. TheSyrian achieving а achieving and non-stateactors,regional countries,andglobalpowers. Andeachofthesethree elements international humanitarian law, take responsibility, and identify solutions for regional conflicts, interference, while the Syrian Armed Forces are fighting to restore sovereignty over the country’s government supportstheGenevadialogueasanopportunitytoholdnegotiationswithoutexternal states andnon-stateactors,where theselattercontrol territory andpopulations. states use terrorists in their own interests. Shawa said that it is а security andpeace.”Syria’s deputydefenceministerstressed thatitisimportanttoresolve the reinforces thetwoothers. Inorder torelease from thisendlesscircle, statesneedtofollow conspiracy, butofa globalone.Syriaisgrateful totheleadershipandpeopleofRussia,which carrying outdirect andindirect aggression againstcountriesintheregion. Inaddition,certain broken intheMiddleEast,and non-stateactorsuseviolenceagainstthecivilianpopulationfor battle against terrorism and their efforts to stabilize situation in the Middle East, settle conflicts propaganda. Third, Daccord noted that conflicts are often complex in nature, involving state state involving nature, in complex often are conflicts that noted DaccordThird, propaganda. — this region has never before seen this volume of suffering: the Middle East has become peaceful way, in cooperation with our Iranian friends in the interests of international international of interests the in friends Iranian our with cooperation in way, peaceful consensus in the UN Security Council. The ICRC will cooperate directly with both both with directly cooperate will ICRC The Council. Security UN the in consensus matter not of а local or regional

/17 /27–28 april 2016 /18 /presentations review Jean-Paul Jean-Paul Boniface Laborde Pascal Pascal Executive Director oftheUNSecurityCouncilCounter-Terrorism Committee,AssistantSecretary- General Jean-Paul Laborde noted that using foreign mercenaries has become а this hasnotbeenpossible,sincemostcountriesintheregion andgreat powers have their terrorists will be vanquished. “Islamic State” appeared as а that the crisis in the Middle East is rooted in а in rooted is East Middle the in crisis the that the Second World War ended with the Nuremberg Trials, and terrorist leaders must not escape terrorists. Militarypolicemustcollectevidenceneededtolaunchcriminal cases,andtheUNis terrorism. They are active worldwide, including within Russia. Terrorist groups actively cooperate justice either. He said that the UN Security Council is not always an efficient mechanism, but the State” isnotinvulnerable. Assoonastheinternationalcommunityachieves consensus,the In Syria the key is to createа to is key the Syria In Israeli occupation ofPalestineandthestandoffbetween SaudiArabia andIran. Director of the Institute for International and Strategic Affairs (France) Pascal Boniface said (France) Boniface StrategicAffairs Pascal and International for Institute Directorthe of own interests and priorities (for Turkey(for priorities and interests own administration. Bonifacenotedthatotherproblems thatrequire urgent resolution includethe а as globe. Bonifacesaidthattheonlywayofbeatingterrorism istotake jointactions.To date, drug trafficking. As the Executive Director noted it is vital to strengthen the ability to prosecute with organised crime: some estimates suggest that 7% of “Islamic State’s” resources come from standoff with Iran, for the West ready to participate in teaching required skills to the militaries. Jean-Paul Laborde noted that that Labordenoted Jean-Paul militaries. requiredthe teaching to in skills participate readyto civil war in Syria, and conflict resolution in both these countries is vital if it is to be beaten. be to is it if vital is countries these both in resolution conflict and Syria, in war civil current President of Syria in power), which prevent them from reaching agreement. “Islamic ference and the suppression of popular uprisings in the region. “Islamic State” strengthened unanimously adoptedresolution 2178mustbeappliedaswidely possible.

result, creating its quasi-state structures and orgnaising terrorist attacks across the across terroristattacksorgnaising and structures quasi-state its creatingresult, transition government involving representatives of the Assad representativesgovernmentthe transitioninvolving of — ousting Bashar Assad, for Russia and Iran — the Kurdish question, for Saudia Arabia Saudia for question, Kurdish the — number of causes, including external inter­­external including causes, of number result of the invasion of Iraq and — retaining the

key tendency in — the — Hans-Jakob Bin Khaled Khaled Bin Al-Khalifa Schindler Salman Angel Tello

“old territorial disputes, inherited from Spanish and Portugese colonisers,” have given way given have colonisers,” Portugese and Spanish from inherited disputes, territorial “old TRADITIONAL ANDEMERGINGINTERNATIONAL Veronika Krasheninnikova SECURITY CHALLENGES Coordinator of the UN Security Council’s Monitoring Team concerning “Islamic State”, Al fight against “Islamic State” and Al Qaeda, as that prevents the terrorists carrying out prevents from the that as Qaeda, Al and State” “Islamic against fight financial operations, rebuilding infrastructure and recruiting mercenaries. He said it is particu technologies totheseends. threats toglobalsecurityand stressed theneedtostrengthen andreform existinginternational to create а supportcentre forcounter-terrorist action. terrorism in defending the values of real Islam. He said that Bahrain is seeking to build а they have tohelpkeep theirlistsofterrorists uptodate. that isalsoitsweakness. Thegroup hasto defenditsterritory, take responsibility forinfra- the Taliban, Hans-Jakob Schindler noted that “Islamic State” controls territory, boasts signif Schindler said that UN Security Council Resolution 2253 permits sanctions to be used in the In his comments, representative of Bahrain, Commander of the Sixth Royal Motorised Batalion, Deputy Defence Minister of the Argentine Republic Angel Tello said that in Latin America Participants ofthediscussiontraced thechangesrelating tothenature ofchallengesand Bahrain is actively cooperating with its Arab neighbours, and supports Saudi Arabia’s initiative Brigadier General SalmanBinKhaled Al-Khalifa expressed hisgratitude toPresident Putinfor and alllevels ofsocietyare coexistingpeacefully.Inorder tostrengthen peaceandsecurity, as icant resources,icant а Moderator spoke highlyoftherole ofinternationalcooperation incounteringtraditional andnewchal- morefunction threats.them effectively such let against to Presentersmechanisms security strengthening relations between Bahrain and Russia. He stressed the importance of structure and the economy, expend significant resources, and all that creates vulnerabilities. lenges and devoted particular attention to the use of modern information and communications lenges anddevotedparticular attention totheuseofmoderninformationandcommunications larly importanttoensure thatallthekey members ofterrorist groups are onsanctionslists, cratic society with worthy living standards for its citizens, а citizens, its for standards living worthy with society cratic creates the impression that “Islamic State” is the most dangerous terrorist organisation, but Director-General oftheInstituteforForeignPoliticalStudies andInitiatives Discussion 2 this significantly reduces their room for operation. National states play a large number of fighters, organises terror attacks across the world. This world. organises terror the across fighters, attacks of largenumber new constitution was adopted, was constitution new

key role here, as combating combating Qaeda, Qaeda, demo - - -

/19 /27–28 april 2016 /20 /presentations review Robledo Hoecker Marcos Ecarma Natalio

At thestartofhispresentation, Undersecretary ofNational DefenceoftheRepublic Chile also backs deeper international cooperation across the Pacific Ocean, and increased increased and Ocean, Pacific the across cooperation international deeper backs also Chile take part in the peace process in Colombia, and fight organised crime and drug trafficking. drug and crime organised fight and Colombia, in process peace the in part take the key priorities.In2013,havingexhaustedallpossiblewaysofsettlement,thePhilipines traditionalsignificant conflict only The security. and defence on cooperationdialogue to and Deputy Minister of National Defence of the Republic of Chile Marcos Robledo Hoecker Hoecker Robledo Marcos Chile of Republic the of Defence National of Minister Deputy Philippines NatalioEcarmanotedthatrelations between Asiancountriesshould beroobased on comprehensive dialoguerather thancompetition. EkarmasaidthatforthePhilippines,asan over islandsintheSouthAtlantic.However, Tello notedthattheregion alsofacesа range of and agreements. Latin agreements. and actively employ assistance from civil society. Natalio Ecarma also noted cyberthreats coming archipelago state,maritimesecurityandterritorial disputesintheSouthChinaSeaare among in coordinating international aid as part of an efficient disaster response operation. Terrorism in theregion remains theterritorial disputebetween theArgentine RepublicandtheUK armed forces are currently prepearing themselves torespond tothesethreats. well as established security architecture based on several international organisations organisations international several on based architecture security established as well significant efforts by countries in the region and their cooperation on security issues, as issues, security on cooperation their and region the in countries by efforts significant the to thanks preserved is satus non-nuclear its and America South in peace that said state also suffered the most severe typhoon in its history, after which the Philipines succeeded from terrorists whouse theInternetanddigitaltechnologiesforrecruitment. brought а poses а non-traditional threats such as drug trafficking and terrorism, and the terrorism, Republic’s the and trafficking Argentine and drug as threatsnon-traditionalsuch major threat to the Philippines. In combating this threat, the country’s armed forces

case against China to international arbitration, the deputy minister said. That year, the

American countries support the UN peacekeeping mission in Haiti, Haiti, in mission UN peacekeeping the support countries American Vladimir Hanning August Khalid Orlov Koser

August Hanning noted that without Russia’s involvement there is no chance of resolving resolving of chance no is there involvement Russia’s without that noted Hanning August August In his comments, Vladimir Orlov, Head of the Centre for Global Trends and International International Trendsand Global for Centre the of Head Orlov, Vladimir comments, his In Organisations at the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Russian the of Affairs Foreign of Ministry the of Academy Diplomatic the at Organisations One effective strategy againstterrorism extremism and involves preventative withthe work the oneputforward byRussiacan onlybewelcomed, Hanningsaid. the international community’s previous efforts to reduce the volume of existing chemical weapons. the transfer ofcomponents usedforthe production of chemical weapons hasbeennoted in the to attention particular pay to vital also is It Europe. Eastern and Southern in crises the joining NATO, stabilising energy ties between the EU and Russia, stabilising the situation situation the stabilising Russia, and EU the between ties energy NATO, stabilising joining In his speech, Ex-Head of Germany’s Federal Intelligence Service and public activist activist public and Service Intelligence Federal Germany’s of Ex-Head speech, his In efforts to fight climate change and cyber-threats. Marcos Robledo Hoecker said that it is it that said Hoecker Robledo Marcos cyber-threats. and change climate fight to efforts However, terrorists could use other forms of WMD, including biological weapons. Initiatives like Latin Federationdrew proposalthe to attention а adopt to Koser noted that violent extremism and terrorism are not synonymous: violent extremism Executive Director of Global Community Engagement and Resilience Fund (Switzerland) Khalid of controlling cyberspace and setting norms of behaviour for it. for behaviour of norms setting and cyberspace controlling of in Ukraine, resolving the “frozen conflicts” in Moldova, Georgia, and Azerbaijan, as well as as well as Azerbaijan, and Georgia, Moldova, in conflicts” “frozen the resolving Ukraine, in iture, improving cooperation in regions, crisis cooperation in countering global challenges, capable institutions create to and cyberspace on legislation international boost to important issue bediscussedattheConference onDisarmamentinGeneva.Orlov alsopointedout that discussion participants to share their thoughts on Russia’s initiative, which suggests that this weapons. Orlov gave examples of the use ofchemicalweapons by terrorists inSyriaandasked warned thatthebattlewithviolentextremism can beexploitedtoachieve politicalgoals. should not,hestressed, beviewed asexclusively negative phenomenon,sinceitalsoboosts should lies in the middle of the spectrum between non-violent extremism and terrorism. He also terrorism.He and extremism non-violent between spectrum the of middle the in lies future. nearest the in sanctions anti-Russian of lifting them without Georgia and Ukraine to guarantees security providing standards, living raising chemical terrorism and noted that there is а thereis that terrorismnoted chemical and carries more responsibility for how the situation has developed,” he said. Instead, we we Instead, said. he developed,” has situation the how for responsibility more carries community, which is greatly helped by non-state organisations. The migrant flow to Europe following issues: restoring trust between Germany and Russia, minimising arms expend and Russia, minimising arms Germany between following restoring trust issues: for future relations. between Russia and the West. “I don’t think that there is any point arguing about who who about arguing point any is there that think don’t “I West. the and Russia between multiculturalism whichinturnhelpsprevent extremism. America. Hanning recognised that the threat of terrorists using WMD indeed exists, despite

argued he — Hanning warned against any violation of the principles of good-neighbourliness good-neighbourliness of principles the of violation any against warned Hanning — learn lessons from the mistakes we made and develop а develop and made we mistakes the from lessons learn — loophole in international law regarding law chemical international in loophole conventionsuppressionthe for of acts of concept concept -

/21 /27–28 april 2016 /22 /presentations review Krasheninnikova Gorenburg Ceballos Ceballos Friedrich Veronika Veronika Remigio Tanner Dmitry Dmitry Ichazo “COLOUR” REVOLUTIONS AND REGIONAL SECURITY. Andrey Ilnitsky Veronika Krasheninnikova advisedparticipants from Europe toconsiderRussia’s experience Admiral Venezuela, Command, Strategic Operational for Headquarters United the of Head at Studies Eurasian and Russian for Centre Davis the at Analyst Senior Gorenburg, Dmitry Advisorto theDefenceMinisterofRussian Federation finding workfor refugees theyhadtaken in. there are connections between this phenomenonandtherise interrorist activityworldwide. trafficking, human with deal to subdivisions as well as structure anti-terrorist an has tion it. welcome not do they if even action, of course а particular taking from refrain to Turkey influence thus and terrorism, а to come can NATO whether about question Answering moderator’s the consensus. find to need the noted but relations, bilateral of development the to ensuring stability. ensuring to explosive devices.Veronika Krasheninnikova touchedontheissueofusingchemicalweapons Discussion participants debated the phenomenon of “colour” revolutions, how they are spreadare they howrevolutions, “colour” of phenomenon the debated participants Discussion organisa his that said Secretary-General, OSCE the to Adviser Tanner, Senior Friedrich inconsistent the is faces region the problem main the that said Ichazo Ceballos Remigio Turkey like countries force cannot members its and states sovereign of alliance an NATO is regarding optimistic was he However problems. the all solve cannot cooperation Russia-US а raised (USA), University Harvard а back countries American Latin all that respondedHoecker Robledo Marcos over the transportation of chemical components, primarily fertilisers that are often used to make and army of Venezuela are obliged to defend their country, which is а is which country, their defend to obliged are Venezuela of army and in “false flag”attacksforprovocation. and their consequences for regional and global security. The speakers highlighted the influence of artificially include threats similar that said Koser Khalid them. tackle to approaches and is а is and dealing with natural disasters. This is а is This disasters. natural with dealing and Moderator which the United States is able to engage in sincere cooperation, Hanning said that even the the even that said Hanning cooperation, sincere in engage to able is States United the which Atacama in including rainfall, heavy unusually saw respond to climate change, first of all by overcoming the consequences that already exist exist already that consequences the overcoming by all of first change, climate to respond cybercrime, illegal migration and other non-traditionalcybercrime, threats. fuelling migration flow. Robledo Hoecker noted that the international community must community international the that noted Hoecker flow. migrationRobledo fuelling behaviour of certain states and their interference in other states’ domestic affairs. This This affairs. domestic states’ other in interference their and states certain of behaviour ban on all types of WMD and maintain control over the transportation of components that can be military force as а unlike their European counterparts Russian agencies were highly effective in accomodating and harbouring 1.5millionrefugees from Ukraine over several months.Themoderator notedthat а Answering nationwide. ning plan urban to approaches new develop to government the forced that destruction massive used to make WMD. Angel Telo said that Argentina is also actively involved in ensuring control ROLE OFTHEARMEDFORCES INENSURINGNATIONAL STABILITY Discussion 3 problem that Venezuela suffers from, he said. Under the constitution, the population population the constitution, the Under said. he from, suffers Venezuela that problem factor in the course of “colour” revolutions. Discussion ensued regarding whether question from Veronika Krasheninnikova about the extent to to extent the about Krasheninnikova Veronika from question queston regarding the threats posed by climate change change climate by posed threats the regarding queston terrorism supports which — pressing issue for Chile: last year the country country the year last Chile: for issue pressing — the driest desert in the world, causing causing world, the in desert driest — the common understanding of of understanding common

— Hanning said that that said Hanning — great contribution contribution great comprehensive - - Afanasiev Mohamed Mohamed Elkeshki Sergey Sergey “Reckless support for the so-called Arab Spring by а а In his speech, Deputy Defence Minister of the Arab Republic of Egypt Mohamed Elkeshki Elkeshki Mohamed Egypt of Republic Arab the of Minister Defence Deputy speech, his In General Sergey Afanasiev. Thehumanitariancatastrophe andpower vacuumwasexploited tions, protected demonstrators on the streets from attack, obstructed attempts to seize seize to attempts obstructed attack, from streets the on demonstrators protected tions, stability consolidating in Forces Armed Egyptian the by played role the about talked the reconstruction oftheLibyanstate —seekingtofurtherdestabilisesituationin forced the After Iraq. and Syria in fighters 33,000 about includes and threat,greatest the jihadists return home. “It is becoming evident that further prospects of fighting this threat this fighting of prospects further that evident becoming is “It home. return jihadists Spring”. The Egyptian Armed Forces protected key military and civilian infrastructure infrastructure civilian and military key protected Forces Armed Egyptian The Spring”. Elkeshki said that the Egyptian Army was able to play а play to able was Army Egyptian the that said Elkeshki ousting of Muammar Gaddafi, militants penetrated Libyan territory and now try to prevent to try now and territory Libyan penetrated militants Gaddafi, Muammar of ousting Forces, Major Armed Federation Russian the of Staff General Directoratethe Main of the of actions aimedatliquidationofthisplaguethe21 and SouthEastAsia.TheEuropean terrorist threat isrisingasmanybattle-hardened European al Mujahiddin. The influence of the “Islamic State” is extending across the territory of Central Islamic Movementand Talibanthe of “Islamic State”them Russia). Among (banned in poses consequences in the political, economic, and social spheres, as well as in security. security. in as well as spheres, social and economic, political, the in consequences country. “Islamic State”“Islamic country. relationsbuild to trying is terroristother with organisations other in facilities, arrested criminals, tracked fugitive prisoners and prevented their provoca their prevented and prisoners fugitive tracked criminals, arrested facilities, toit comparing phenomenon, this “ArabSpring”.Elkeshkicondemned the following for thesake oftheirshort-termpolitical interests becamethereason forthebreakdown ofthe by groupings such as “Islamic State”, Jabhat al-Nusra, Al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb, Islamic the in Qaeda Al al-Nusra, Jabhat State”, “Islamic as such groupings by mostly depend on readiness of international community for joining efforts and launching real parts of Africa historical balance of power thathaddeveloped incertainMuslimcountries,”saidDeputyChief sandstorm. The deputy defence minister said that the “Arab Spring” has had serious serious had has Spring” “Arab the that said minister defence deputy The sandstorm. — their most prominent emissaries are Boko Haram and Harakat Al-Shabab st

number of the world’s leading countries century”,Afanasievconcluded. positive role after the “Arab “Arab the after role positive -

/23 /27–28 april 2016 /24 /presentations review Satanovsky Raffaello Klimenko Pantucci German German Evgeny Evgeny The threats that emanate from the Internet can only be countered by properly educating educating properly by countered be only can Internet the from emanate that threats The Advisor to the President of the Russian Federation German Klimenko’s speech focused on on focused speech Klimenko’s German Federation Russian the of President the to Advisor to goods, services, and information; fourth, every user becomes а becomes user access every fourth, instant get information; can and users services, third, goods, to advertisements; personalising of way effective most the territory the from first, create: they that difficulties legal main the outlined He technologies. involved people today that said He technologies. communications and information of use the а is terrorism а as considered be not should tions Spring” may soon be felt in Central Asia. He noted that “colour” revolutions cannot be be cannot revolutions “colour” that noted He Asia. Central in felt be soon may Spring” Internet, than the mere fact that they use it. At the same time, across the globe, terrorists terrorists globe, the across time, same At the it. use they that fact mere the than Internet, Pantucci Raffaello (UK) Institute Services United Royal the at Studies Security International In none of the countries where protests flared up have the pro-liberal forces, who stood stood who forces, pro-liberal the have up flared protests where countries the of none In Russian citzens, lawmakers and officials. and lawmakers citzens, Russian Haram in Africa, for different reasons. It matters more why and to what ends radicals use the the use radicals ends what to and why more matters It reasons. different for Africa, in Haram Boko or Caucasus, North the in groups extremist the as such groups terrorist join People of Director terrorism, with linked way no in are revolutions “colour” the that Noting revolu “colour” that said Satanovsky Evgeny (Russia) Institute East Middle of the President of one state you can get access to resources in other states, banks or media not registered registered not media or banks states, other in resources to access get can you state one of force. with hard back push to is action of form possible only the and peacefully, opposed governments. their to loyal remained Forces Armed the where countries in emerged only always come as а as come always agencies and legal system to counter it. counter to system legal and agencies in your state, and can transmit content and even work for employers in other countries; countries; other in employers for work even and content transmit can and state, your in а lack sphere cyberspace in process decision-making in stability. political supported and caches arms illegal at their origin, come to power. Satanovsky believes that the negative of impact the “Arab government buildings. In addition, the military took measures to ensure control over the the over control ensure to measures took military the addition, In buildings. government said that, internationally, future terrorists are radicalised differently in different places. places. different in differently radicalised are terrorists future internationally, that, said eradicated abroad, from weapons smuggling militants prevent to and borders state’s second,Internet services know almost everything about their users, as this technology is is technology this as users, their about everything almost know services second,Internet rorism where the terrorists, such as “Islamic State” are able to control territory. Where Where territory. control to able are State” “Islamic as such terrorists, the where rorism country. Raffaello Pantucci noted that the military have а have military the that noted Pantucci Raffaello country. can distribute content; and fifth, the Internet changes the way how users see themselves. themselves. see users how way the changes Internet the fifth, and content; distribute can because high-tech means are used to bring them about. The political expert noted that the the that noted expert political The about. them bring to used are means high-tech because use а use stability and and Turkey, Arabia, Saudi Qatar, were Spring” the of “Arab beneficiaries main consequences the that fact the is coups these unites What history. throughout times many parasitic ideology parasitic domestic problem for а for problem domestic surprise to their organisers. The situation we see today is only different only is today see we situation The organisers. their to surprise — exploiting the domestic problems present within any particular particular any within present problems domestic the exploiting — new threat, since similar regime changes have occurred occurred have changes regime similar since threat, new state — it is sufficient to use the law enforcement enforcement law the use to sufficient is it — full understanding of the Internet Internet the of understanding full vital role to play in counter-ter in play to role vital media outlet and thus thus and outlet media - - - Menendez Giulietto Soloviev Vladimir Kulikov Dmitry Sariev Chiesa Jorge Mars

TV Political expert, author and political consultant Dmitry Kulikov noted that “colour” revolutions “colour” that noted Kulikov Dmitry consultant political and author expert, Political Public activist and journalist Giulietto Chiesa (Italy) said that Western countries have providedhave countries Western that said (Italy) Chiesa Giulietto journalist and activist Public the national elites. The Army, he argued,he Army, The elites. national the а is they are both organised from one centre. Political scientist and commentator Rostislav Ishchenko two “colour” revolutions. He said that “colour” revolutions and terrorism are indelibly connected as Deputy Minister of National Defence of the Eastern Republic of Uruguay JorgeUruguay in of Menendez Republic Eastern the of Defence National of Minister Deputy only have been armed by state actors such as Turkey, Saudi Arabia, and some Western nations. on consumerism, since constant development of humankind is not possible. “Islamic State” owes threats face noted, minister deputy power. the governments, to forces centre-left These or Bolsheviks, under а under Bolsheviks, are а are also wantedtolive like that.Onecauseofthecrisistoday,Chiesa argues, liesinsociety’s focus its development and arms to external financing, he said. Dozens of thousands of fighters could going political changes, and in most countries of the region elections have brought left-wing shared his opinion that “colour” revolutions are the continuation of war by other means. Their Their means. other by war of continuation the arerevolutions “colour” that opinion his shared significant upheaval in the region. Menendez said that although South America is rich in mineral wide socialdivisionscanbeа source ofpotentialdanger. resources, water, energy, andagricultural produce, andalthoughitscountriesare atpeace, corrupted. MarsSarievanexpert from Kyrgyzstan, stressed thatKyrgyzstan hasalsolived through from а his speech stressed the fact that over the last fifteen years, South America has been under- been has America South years, fifteen last overthe that fact stressedthe speech his how thosepeopleindeveloped countrieslive, andwithoutunderstandingtheessenceof this,they people in the developing states with technologies, that enable these people living in poverty see presenterSolovievVladimir argued revolutions “colour” that were Russian developedthe by technology of war and hence should be dealt with by military agencies. Journalist and and Journalist agencies. military by with dealt be should hence and war of technology variety of movements that follow а slogan of “world revolution”. Their main cause was а was cause main revolution”.Their “world of slogan

shared strategic scheme of the “soft coup”, creating wellspring of patriots, those who cannot be easily easily be wellspringcannot who those patriots, of lack of loyalty within within loyalty of lack

/25 /27–28 april 2016 /26 /presentations review Mohammed Ishchenko Stanekzai Rostislav Niikondo Masoom Andrew Andrew Mikheev Sergey

а Afghanistan’s neighbours are interested in the country’s stability, and in order to support that Africa were sparked byintervention bydeveloped Western stateswhogave financialsupportto Zamir Kabulov SECURITY INCENTRALASIA that the government has failed all other sectors. The United States use “colour” revolutions to to revolutions “colour” use States United The sectors. other all failed has government the that to strengthen the movement. It would make sense to first limit the capacity of armed groups that improving relations with the Taliban is needed, but difficult, as dozens of different groups tant tofostercooperation between thearmedforces ofCentral Asiancountries,exchange they mustrecognise itsstateborders. Theactingdefenceministerstressed thatitisimpor- to the creation of the Taliban movement. After the Taliban regime was overthrown, there was them underthebannerofIslamledtoradicalisation ofAfghansociety,andconsequently talked about what role they saw for cooperation between different nations’ military agencies, and to react to provocations in the Internet that seek to force states into а Sergey Mikheevsaidthatwhenthemilitarytakes theleadonresolving problems, thismeans In hisspeech,ActingDefenceMinisteroftheIslamicRepublic ofAfghanistanMohammed year 2004, there is no longer а longer no is there 2004, year Faculty at the University of Science and Technology (Namibia), many of the revolutions seen in in revolutionsseen the of Technologymany and (Namibia), Science of University the at Faculty Masoom StanekzainotedthattheentryofSoviet forces intoAfghanistanandthe battlewith Discussion participantsdebatedthefactorsthatimpactregional security,evaluatedthecurrent operate under its aegis. And under nocircumstances should talks with the Taliban be allowed on analysinghow thesituationinAfghanistaninfluencessecurityneighbouring states. acting under its flag. The formation of the “Islamic State” State” “Islamic represents а the of formation The flag. its under acting Current for Center Policy the Director of impossible. powers is nuclear between conflict armed achieve globaldominance.Mikheevurged Russia’s leadership,andthatofothercountries,not intelligence data,andprevent theillegalmovement ofpeopleacross borders. Stanekzaisaid istent threats. According toAndrew Niikondo, DeanofthePoliticalSciencesandManagement desire forRussiatohelpresolve thecrisisinLibya. Moderator development, anditisworthnotingthatitsbranch inAfghanistancomprisesnoAfghans.All spread canbeexplained,heargued, bythefactthatitisexpensive towagetraditional wars,and for internationalsecurityorganisations inCentral AsiaandAfghanistan.Theyfocusedparticularly particular forces. He welcomed the positive role that Russia played in Syria, and expressed his expressedhis and Syria, in played Russia that rolepositive the welcomedforces. He particular military andpoliticalsituation,shared theirforecasts forthefuture changes.Thespeakers powers was lost. The acting defence minister stressed that after the reorganisation after the Special Representative ofthePresidentRussianFederation forAfghanistan,Ambassador Discussion 4 real chance for the country to develop peacefully, but consensus between regional and great

single movement, but а but movement, single

network of different organisationsdifferent of network hasty response to non-ex new level in terroristin level new - Amb. Konstantin Konstantin Amb. Abdulkhoshim Gulomzoda Kosachyov Zhanybek Zhanybek Kaparov Trans-Pacific Partnership and Trans-Atlantic Trade and Investment Partnership are also cause Deputy DefenceMinister ofthe RepublicofTajikistan Colonel Abdulkhoshim Gulomzoda noted Central AsiaandAfghanistan.Planstocreate closedUnitedStates-ledprojects suchasthe Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Kyrgyz Republic Colonel Zhanybek Kaparov try toreturn totheircountriesrecruit andtrain cells,setuppeople transfer channels,and they willbepushedacross theborder. Inthiscase,smallgroups ofCentral Asiancitizenswill that onecanonlydiscusssecurityofindividualCentral Asianstatesinthecontextofcollective there, even during winter during eventhere, In conclusion, he noted that there are а edented challengesover theperiod2014-2016,whenithadto bothtake responsibility forits Head of the Federation Council’s Committee for Foreign Affairs Konstantin Kosachyov said that Force exercise. Kaparov stressed that maintaining regional and international stability is а He predicted that in spring and summer “militants with radical extremist groups will make real out strikes onCentral Asiansoilhave aninterest intheongoingdestabilisationofsituation. own security from the United States and fight the Taliban without the support of regional states. aid to the region (2.7 billion USD on а attempts toseizepower inAfghanistan’s northernprovinces.” IftheAfghanArmydefeatsthem, carry to want who states Asian Central from fighters that said Gulomzoda there. camps and are coming under attack from the Russian Aerospace Forces. He noted that the dynamics of the action against threats such as “colour” revolutions, the return of fighters from Syria where they reconciliation.on work to then and unprecwith successfully dealt has army Afghan said He - in the region, reducing social tensions, developing border infrastructure and consequently would difficulties energy,borderthese of and Solving issues use persist. water delimitation а SCO’sexercises:and Mission”the international “Peace а is Afghanistan from trafficking Drug region. the of states in radicalisation in said that conflicts in the Middle East pose а situation in Afghanistan “is а serve for the interests of the countries of the region, and “contribute to preservingstability to “contribute region,and the of countries the interestsof the for serve relations between NATO andRussiaare coolingdue totheUkrainian crisis,butcooperation concerns. Theeconomiccrisis impactsthesituationinCentral Asiaandreduces opportunities challenge, sincesome ofthedrugs remain intransit countries. In2016, Kyrgyzstan hosts two carry outsubversive operations. for external players to provide assistaince. “Over five years Russia provided 4.5 billion USD in between NATO and the CSTO never got off the ground, despite proposals for collaboration on boosting ourcountries’transit potential.” themselves entrench to trying are they as activity fighter in uptick an seen haveareasborder priority, andtheideaofindivisiblesecuritymustlieatheart ofallinternationalorganisations. make anappearance. Militantsare tryingtogetintoTajikistan tocreate terrorist training bases — which never happened before. Groupings of “Islamic State” also also State” “Islamic of Groupingsbefore. happened never which — barometer for security in the entire region.” Recently the northern bilateral basis, 1.7 billion via international organisations),” number of unresolved conflicts in Central Asia, and that threat to Central Asia as they facilitate the growth CSTO Collective Rapid Deployment Rapid CollectiveCSTO significant top top

/27 /27–28 april 2016 /28 /presentations review Amb. Phunchok Phunchok Amb. Safranchuk Safranchuk Stobdan Ivan Ivan Turkmen-Afghan border. He urged participants to consider whether the Turkmen border should The key todefendingCentral Asiawillnotbecooperation onSyria,counter-radicalisation, orthe Asia, excludingTurkmenistan. Stobdansaidthattheregion’s numerous problems are postponed Ambassador PhunchokStobdansaidthatIndiaisactively cooperating withallcountriesofCentral Assistant Professor attheFaculty ofGlobalPoliticalProcesses atMGIMOUniversity Ivan Analysis, and Studies Defence for Institute Ministry Defence Indian the at Member Honorary Central Asia. Finally, in terms of security, the region sees threats from the Taliban, Al Qaeda, Organisation canplayanimportantrole here aswell. to concerns. According toSafranchuk, sinceMay2014,there have beenrepeated incidentsonthe to independentlydealwithprotecting itsborders, butthesituationinTurkmenistan gives rise that there is no regional cooperation on security outside that orgnisation. Uzbekistan is able Safranchuk noted that Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan are not current members of the CSTO, and Kosachyov Russia’s militarypresence intheregion isvitalforensuringsecurityandanytalk а is Russia addition, In noted. Kosachyov of its reduction would be irresponsible at а of security by means of the CSTO, but “Islamic State” is waiting for а CSTO,State”for the “Islamic waiting of but is means by security of Uzbekistan tousereligion tocounterterrorism shouldbesupported.TheShanghaiCooperation are Sufi or Shamanic, and Zoroastrian and Shiite and they are not involved in terror. in involved Stobdan not are they and Shiite and Zoroastrian and Shamanic, or Sufi are to According arise. merge could forces these whether of question and State”, “Islamic and scenario seenin Afghanistan and Pakistan. For now it is possible to maintaintherequired level be regarded asа weak spotin Central Asiandefence. believes that the World Sufi Forum should be promoted, and that efforts made by Kazakhkstan and hunt for terrorists, but а until laterrather thansolved. Itiscrucialthatthesituationnotpermittedtodevelop alongthe transformed world view. In Central Asia, the majority of the population time when it might be reasonable to even expand it. traditional destination for migrant workers from workers migrant for destination traditional political vacuum to exploit. exploit. to vacuum political Mapisa-Nqakula Tserendash Tserendash Tsolmon Nosiviwe Nosiviwe Sergey Rogov trends in the region are strengthening cooperation between countries of Northeast Asia, GLOBAL SECURITY ANDMILITARY COOPERATION extremism, piracy, maritime crime, and intense migration flows. These arise due to а Defence MinisterofMongoliaTserendash Tsolmon saidthatthemainsecurity development Nqakula noted that Africa faces security problems ranging from domestic conflicts to religious Participants discussed the role of military power in contemporary conflicts and the prospects for Minister ofDefenceandMilitary Veterans oftheRepublicSouthAfricaNosiviwe Mapisa- of structural, socio-economic,cultural andideologicalfactors. Africanstatesare stillchar on NortheastAsiaSecurityconference. Thedefenceministeralsorecalled thatMongoliahad of regional groupings such asthe EastAsianSummit andASEAN+3,weakening ofother acterised byweak infrastructure potentialand governments’ readiness toresort tocoercion. in Mongolia’s militarycooperation. Since2013,MongoliahasheldtheUlaanbaatarDialogue Moderator weakening military,politicalandeconomicpresence oftheUnitedStatesduetorise refused from thedevelopment of nuclearweapons. receiving economic aid. Maintaining balanced relations with Russia and China remains а conflict hotspots due to rising economic interdependence in the region. North Korea is also Korea is North the interdependenceregion. in economic rising to due hotspots conflict areas main the identified and security, ensureglobal to agencies cooperationbetweendefence for internationalmilitary-to-militarycooperation. more actively manipulating countries in the region via its nuclear programme with а Scientific DirectoroftheInstituteforUSandCanadianStudies,RussianAcademySciences,Academician Plenary session

number view to priority priority -

/29 /27–28 april 2016 /30 /presentations review Mokbel Samir

“The involvement of sub-regional organisations in conflict resolution is vital given the familiarity “Many of these attacks are reported as criminal act rather than piracy as many incidents do not The ministerconcededthatLebanon doesneedtheinternationalcommunity’s assistance —both The frequency ofpirate attacksintheGulfofAdenhasbeenreduced thankstointernational Vice PrimeMinister —DefenceoftheLebaneseRepublicSamirMokbel saidthat West African States (ECOWAS), and the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD). the collaboration ofcooperating partnersfrom thenorthernhemisphere, includingtheBRICS to countries’ own laws and legal systems”, the minister said. She noted that there is а Increasing birth rates are an additional factor in this instability. Mapisa-Nqakula said that efforts, butthere hasbeenanuptickintheGulfofGuinea. Fatah al-Islam,andfollowers ofAhmedal-Asir, amongothers.TheLebanese ArmedForces are Eastern Mediterranean. Lebanonhaswonitscounter-terrorist campaignsagainstad-Daniya, а is anti-terroristactivity its in Lebanon’sresilience occur ininternationalwatersbutrather withinthesovereign borders ofstatesandare subject and financing supply channels,andothermeasures. and membersoftheNonAlignedMovement”, theministerstressed. and resolve conflicts. а in material terms with theenvironment andissuesatstake. This canonlysucceedbyleapsandboundswith such as the Southern African Development Community (SADC), the Economic Community of currently engaged in combating numerous groups of fighters on the country’s borders. the eastern on fighters of groupsnumerouscurrently combating in engaged and terrorist recruiters for prey easy become then who migrants of flows to lead conflicts body intheAfricanUnion —PeaceandSecurityCouncilwhichwasestablishedtoprevent human traffickers. The defence minister gave а — and in steps to resolve the situation in Syria, cut off the terrorists’ weapons significant positive role is also played by regional economic structures detailed outline of the threat posed by piracy. barrier to the spread of terrorism in the the terrorismin of spread the to barrier special special Joseph Beti Beti Joseph Bordyuzha Assomo Ullman Nikolay Harlan

‘democratic values’ in Middle East and North African states according to the Western model, and Joseph BettiAssomosaid. а African Union, all coordinated by the UN. It is vital to create а Answering Sergey Rogov’s questionastowhy NATO isnotamongtheorganisations listed,and In his comments, Harlan Ullman, Senior Adviser at the Atlantic Council (US) noted that most most that noted (US) Council Atlantic the at Adviser Senior Ullman, Harlan comments, his In Secretary-General of the CSTO, Colonel General Nikolay Bordyuzha said that “attempts to implant Minister Delegate at the Presidency of the Republic of Cameroon in Charge of Defence Joseph Joseph Defence of Charge in Cameroon of Republic the of Presidency the at Delegate Minister Chad Basin Commission Joseph Betti Assomo expressed his gratitude to the African Union, UN, Cameroon, onlyactive solidarity, permanent,fairandopenbetween Statesandnations,small financial mechanisms created to fight transnational organised crime and terrorist “For and groups. crime organised transnational fight to created mechanisms financial that demandstheattentionofinternationalcommunity.OnbehalfCameroon andtheLake that all countries must combat, without exception, and to consolidate international efforts around to Bordyuzha, the CSTO member states’ capacity for collective defence “provides the foundations the systemofcollective securitywhosecore isformedbytheCSTO Collective Forces. According in activities criminal and migration, illegal extremism, terrorism and international trafficking, State” alsohastobeasked, andthesechannelsmustbeshutdown. Itisvitaltoceasesupport Muslims in the world. а Russia and other friendly countries for their support in the fight against Boko Haram. The minister Niger, and Cameroon. In 2015, Boko Haram sweared allegiance to “Islamic State”. The Nigerian Libya, Yemen and Syria, involving а of of carrying outtheseactivitiesonа globalscale—suchasRussiaandChina. Beti Assomo focused on the importance of the fight against terrorist against fight the of importance the on focused Assomo Beti organisation Boko Haram, and large, powerful and less powerful can pave the way to а ideally all international organisations involved in security issues should be able to work together information networksamongothers.Seriousattentionispaidtoimproving militaryaspectsof in fact seizing control over the region’s rich natural resources has led to а grouping must not be viewed as а drug-trafficking, and organised crime. But the question of who finances the Taliban and “Islamic which was founded in Nigeria but which in recent years has expanded its influence into Chad, Chad, into influence its expanded has years recent in which but Nigeria in founded was which terrorism,fight to imperative the by united NATOare and Russia preconditions. any without whether thismeansthattheCSTO isclosedforcooperation withthealliance,Bordyuzha saidthat, stressed that this conflict tests the effectiveness of the world’s current legal, institutional, and and world’s institutional, current the legal, of effectiveness the tests conflict this that stressed states that have proved themselves to be honest and selfless fighters against terroristm, capable said that theCSTO’s priority ispoliticalcooperation aimed at counteringthreats includingdrug such asSCO,CSTO, OSCE,ASEAN,organisations ofCaribbeanandSouthAmericanstates,the for terrorists, todefinepositionson key securityissuesandidentifyareas ofcommonground. for stability, conditions for the existence of а he set out his views on the creation of а network of cooperation between international organisations that specialise in security issues issues security cooperationin organisationsbetweenof specialise international network that the terrorists operating today are Islamists who use religion as а tenth of them sympathise with the radicals’ ideas. Ullman put а local phenomenon, as it has grown to а rag-tag army of international terrorists.” Nikolay Bordyuzha broad anti-terrorist coalition. He said it is vital to develop resilient security system in Eurasia.” In conclusion, real and sustainable global security,” single list of terrorist organisations weapon. There are 1.5 billion threat to global security bloody standoff in Iraq, question to question to

/31 /27–28 april 2016 /32 /presentations review Bin Isa Asiri Isa Bin Mohamed Mohamed Elkeshki Ibrahim

A NEWSECURITY SYSTEM INEUROPE Aleksey Arbatov Representative ofSaudiArabia, Commanderofthe LandForces 6thBrigade,MajorGeneral Deputy MinisterofDefencetheArab RepublicofEgypt,MohamedElkeshki inhiscomments of theRussianAcademySciences,Academician Over the High Seas. However, he stressed, Moscow’s concern over, and the risk of such incidents tolerance, andterrorism hasnoreligion. the domestic affairs of any other country. He emphasised that Islam is the religion of peace and the issue of cooperation between military agencies and international organisationsа international with and cooperation agencies betweenof military issue the to Ibrahim Bin Isa Asiri noted that his country has been а ensuring security inEurope andoutlinedtheneed toreview them.Theagendaalso included exacerbated. Itisalsocrucialtoresolve theissueofIntermediate-RangeNuclearForces Treaty, During the plenary session participants discussed the effectiveness of existing mechanisms for effectivenessthe discussed participants for mechanisms session existing plenary of the During а along West the and Russia Rogov and Russia’s leadership about how to prevent the deepening of the confrontation between of faiths,informedbyethnic,world-view,andotherfactors.Egypt,Elkeshkiemphasised, has always calledfordialoguebetween faiths.Thedeputyministerstressed thatcurrently there are caused by the strengthened NATO presence along Russian borders. If at the upcoming NATO is no real cooperation in the global fight against terrorism, and there is not even а even not is there terrorism, and against fight global the in cooperation real no is definition?” heasked. Moderator good tobuildonthepositive experienceofRussia-UScooperation inSyria. which bothRussiaandtheUnitedStatesaccuseeachotherofviolating.Rogov saiditwouldbe summit in Warsaw the decision is made to further expand these forces, the situation will only be lead to а coalition amongArab states.TheKingdomhasnever cooperated withanycountrytothedetri- cooperated with а Chief oftheCentreforInternationalSecurityInstituteWorldEconomyandRelations ment ofanotherstate,hasalwayssupportedsecurityandstability,never intervened in understanding of what it means. “How is cooperation possible, if we cannot even agree on its its evenagreeon wecannot if cooperationpossible, “Howis means. it what of understanding noted that terrorism is not connected with any particular religion, it arises within а PROBLEMS OFWAR ANDPEACE INEUROPE: Plenary session the implementation of the Soviet-American Agreement on The Prevention of Incidents On and serious crisis. In response, Rogov said that the way to prevent such incidents is to return number of countries on this issue. Saudi Arabia has initiated an anti-­ dangerous scenario, and to preventа to and scenario, dangerous victim of terrorism on many occasions, and

military incident that could could that incident military

wide variety common common terrorist view view Amb. Lamberto Lamberto Amb. Djordjevic Zannier Andrey Ravkov Zoran Zoran

The minister highlighted the negative trends in the sphere of security: а security: of sphere the in trends negative the highlighted minister The а as West the by distorted was confrontation into drawn be to refusal This Ambassador Lamberto Zannier stressed that Europe does not need а Defence MinisteroftheRepublicSerbiaZoran Djordjevic startedhisaddress bynotingthat In his speech, Secretary-General of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), OSCE as а as OSCE OSCE is hindereddifferentis by interpretations currentOSCE of different by understandings events, and that hasimpacteditsperception ofEuropean security.Growing inter-dependenceismaking and powers, great of influence the under itself found often has Serbia history, its throughout to proliferation of fighting. As а to ensuringsecurityinEurope. Thespeakers touched onthemesrelating totheimpactof Bealrus hastraditionally backed peacefulresolution ofdisputesduetoits historicalmemory Defence MinisteroftheRepublicBelarus,LieutenantGeneral Andrey Ravkov stressed that of war.of а by accompanied been practicehas In this of of importance the stressed Secretary-General The Europe. in insecurity increases conflicts of of the Helsinki principles. Zannier noted that the situation surrounding the conflict in and around other statesthathave chosennottorecognise Kosovo. Serbia,theministeremphasised,will Ukraine is just the latest example of these differences, and the trenddifferences, the these towards and of example latest militarisation the the just Ukraineis in armscontrol — identifyingareas where progress foreveryone canbeachieved. as the maindestabilisingfactor, andalsonotedthat theuseof non-state military groups leads into othercountries.According totheminister, Russia,theUnitedStates,Europe andChina gave the set of confidence building measures for cyberspace developed within the framework the within developed cyberspace for measures building confidence of set the gave sanctions; exploitation by certain countries of human rights issues for their own interests; own their for issues rights human of countries certain by exploitation sanctions; specifically by creating а creating by specifically situation intheMiddleEastonEuropean security. war, rivalrybetween great powers continues.SerbiavaluesthestanceadoptedbyRussiaand will play а play will sanctions regime. rather therevitalisation ofcurrent mechanisms, including theOSCE.Today, cooperation withinthe control measures. Belarus will always offer а failure ofcertainstatestojointhe CFETreaty andthe useoftheirterritories asconvenient and conduct bellicose countries, particular of demonisation the borders; Belarus on forces bases for deployment of armaments; pushing Ukraine into а national states increasinglyDjordjevicstates revolutionscontext, national “colour” vulnerable.this named In not havingnuclearweapons basedonitsterritory, andpromoting andimplementing arms preventative measures in ensuring that incidents do not escalate into conflict, and as an example not waver in itsneutrality, andoneexampleofthisisitsrefusal tojoinwiththeanti-Russian the OSCE. He suggested specific actions that the OSCE can take to facilitate this process, this facilitate to take can OSCE the that actions specific suggested He OSCE. the key role in underpinning security. At the same time despite the low risk of а of lowrisk the despite time same the At security. underpinning rolekeyin platform for the institutionalisation of procedures related to dangerous encounters; encounters; dangerousprocedures relatedto of institutionalisation the for platform centralised verification mechanism within the organisation; using the the using organisation; the within mechanism verification centralised

result, domestic conflicts may spill out across national borders forum for talks to resolve conflicts in the region. reduction in the size of the armed forces,armed the of reductionsize the in position in which it had to make new approach to security, buildup of NATOof buildup Western victory. Western world world

/33 /27–28 april 2016 /34 /presentations review Alexander Stjepan Mesić Rahr

а а the region, the minister proposed steps towards an appropriate solution: first, there is а expansion intoexpansion on Ukraine. concrete Rahr strengthening Europe’s proposals put forward and EU the Europe, in NATO; Russiaconsolidated initially accepted these organisations’pillars expansion,two but does War not acceptCold their the after that is West the and Russia unac is it that said Mesić Stjepan activist public Croatia, of Republic the of Ex-President а for called minister the NATO.Second, of confrontation with Russia, which disagrees with the policy of bombing countries into into countries bombing of policy the with disagrees which Russia, with confrontation of Member of the German Foreign Policy Council Alexander Rahr praised the proposals put put proposals the praised Rahr Alexander Council Policy Foreign German the of Member and inthiscontexttodevelop а codeofconductincyberspace. а and weapons, nuclear control, arms argued, а argued, democracy. security. First, the OSCE’s status must be boosted by calling а calling by boosted be must status OSCE’s the First, security. ceptable for Europe and for small states in particular when general principles are not not are principles general when particular in states small for and Europe for ceptable called for an unequivocal stance on the use of “colour” revolutions to achieve political ends, political achieverevolutions to “colour” of use the on stance unequivocal an for called for international obligations. Mesic urged Europe not to involve itself in а in itself involve to not Europe urged Mesic obligations. international for from using force, peaceful conflict resolution,self-determination, cooperation, and respect must one that noted president former The force. by imposed solutions by, and followed forward by the delegates from Serbia and Croatia, and noted with regret that he had not not had he that regret with noted and Croatia, and Serbia from delegates the by forward heard from NATO how to re-shape European security. The essence of the conflict between between conflict the of essence The security. European re-shape to how NATO from heard Mesic needs, Europe Helsinki. in ago years 40 reached agreements the about fotget not need toputasideaccusatory rhetoricandreturn todialogue,includingbetween theCSTO and European Security Council with rotating chairmanship must be established. Second, the the Second, established. be must chairmanship rotating with Council Security European mandatory choice; undermining international law. Based on an evaluation of the situation in renewed security architecture based on the principles of equal rights, refusal refusal rights, equal of principles the on based architecture security renewed return to dialogue on missile defence. Third, RavkovThird, defence. missile on dialogue to return “reset” in international law regardingconventional law international in “reset” Helsinki-2 meeting, and and meeting, Helsinki-2 dangerous policy policy dangerous clear clear - Amb. Alexander Alexander Amb. Makarov Grushko Sergey Sergey Zannier noted in response that the OSCE is searching for ways to improve, but differences differences but to improve, ways for searching is OSCE the that response in noted Zannier The concluding report was read by Commandant of the Military Academy of the General General the of Academy Military the of Commandant by read was report concluding The the Platform for Cooperative Security, formed in 1999, which could be brought into play play into brought be 1999, in could formed which Security, Cooperative for Platform the and Council Russia-NATO the as such mechanisms that threats, new countering on West the а with delegates conference to discuss cannot one that stressed He policy. foreign Russia’s to important both are theatres Strategic Partnership with the EU were suspended, as а as suspended, were EU the with Partnership Strategic who Makarov, Sergey General Colonel Forces, Armed Federation Russian the of Staff — where none previously existed. Finally, regarding regarding Finally, existed. previously none — where States Baltic the and Poland Russia, Permanent Representative of the Russian Federation to NATO Alexander Grushko followed followed Grushko NATO to Alexander Federation Russian the of Representative Permanent а for Paris of а is there that noted He Europe. reasons the of one that and security, Russian discussing also without security European European and Asian the that said He implemented. fully been never have they but Europe, suggested Rahr Fourth, facilitated. be should Russia with States Baltic the and Poland EU Economic Union, and Eurasian NATO and the Third, the CSTO. reconciliation between of the OSCE, whose attempts to deliver а deliver to attempts whose OSCE, the of а proving are opinion of in coordinating work carried out by all the different organisations in Europe and Eurasia. Eurasia. and Europe in organisations different the all by out carried work coordinating in weapons. nuclear tactical and defence missile to relating issues а is there argued, а institutionalising а of idea disagreements. Zannier noted that the OSCE is а is OSCE the that noted Zannier disagreements. with а with late.” too be may tomorrow today, results see to need we Because needs? security current our include to expanded be can which have, already we the between mechanisms cooperation develop to necessary is it framework this within sponsor. It is, he noted, harder for an inclusive organisation that involves states which have have which states involves that organisation inclusive an for harder noted, he is, It sponsor. is region Euro-Atlantic the in organisations and states all involving Europe in security work of the Panel of Eminent Persons on European security established under the aegis aegis the under established security European on Persons Eminent of Panel the of work legislative sphere. In conclusion he noted that developing а developing that noted he conclusion In sphere. legislative cooperation. NATO stationing additional forces along Russia’s borders requires resources and Russia between cooperation regarding noted, He ability. “firefighting” no has currently capabilities prevention conflict for response measures. NATO has also added а in values moral and spiritual of erosion the in lies security on views in differences for moves to unite efforts by а by efforts unite to moves а be to out turn may this that stressed he However, possible. within fragmentation prevent helped years, 40 for have, principles Helsinki the that noted

detailed comment. He pointed out that there are renewed calls to endow the OSCE with with OSCE the endow to calls renewed are there that out pointed He comment. detailed common security space from Lissabon to Vladivostok is popular in Germany, and and Germany, in popular is Vladivostok to Lissabon from space security common New Europe of 1990 and the Helsinki agreements from the political to the the to political the from agreements Helsinki the 1990and of Europe New need for new steps in the European disarmament policy, including on on including policy, disarmament European the in steps new for need broad dialogue between Russia and Europe on values. And finally, he finally, And values. on Europe and Russia between dialogue broad serious obstacle. As an example, the Secretary General gave the the gave General Secretary the example, an As obstacle. serious range of international organisations in Europe, Grushko recalled recalled Grushko Europe, in organisations international of range — as Russia had previously proposed previously had Russia as — suggestion: “Is it not better to implement the agreements agreements the implement to better not it “Is suggestion: need to transfer the obligations outlined in the Charter Charter the in outlined obligations the transfer to need single list of reccomendations were foiled by by foiled were reccomendations of list single valuable tool, but that is lacks any strong strong any lacks is that but tool, valuable military dimension to relations between result of which there is only ad hoc hoc ad only is there which of result new agreement on collective collective on agreement new long process, and appealed appealed and process, long — but the organisation organisation the but —

/35 /27–28 april 2016 /36 /presentations review The V Moscow Conference on International Security brought together more than 700 repre 700 than more together brought Security International on Conference VMoscow The Army General Sergey Shoygu and his foreign counterparts as well as between the foreign foreign the between as well as counterparts foreign his and Shoygu Sergey General Army took part in the forum. forum. the in part took International terrorism became a focal point of the Conference. The participants expressed expressed participants The Conference. the of point afocal became terrorism International of the expert community and NGOs and delegates from 6 international organizations also also organizations 6international from delegates and NGOs and community expert the of of the forum. the of alone but requires cooperation of all countries in the world. It is unacceptable for some some for unacceptable is It world. the in countries all of cooperation requires but alone participants The America. Latin and Region Asia-Pacific for the also but Asia Central and East Near the for only not concern aparticular of becomes threat This Afghanistan. and representatives 200 than More defence. of ministers by headed were 19 which of agencies, interest during discussions. Meetings between Minister of Defence of the Russian Federation Federation Russian the of Defence of Minister between Meetings discussions. during interest deploying OSCE armed personnel along the Ukrainian border, which President Putin said said Putin President which border, Ukrainian the along personnel armed OSCE deploying delegations and representatives of international organizations took place on the margins margins the on place took organizations international of representatives and delegations sentatives from more than 80 countries. 52 countries sent delegations from their defence defence their from delegations sent 52 countries countries. 80 than more from sentatives rity in the Asia-Pacific Region, Near East, Central Asia, as well as international military military international as well as Asia, Central East, Near Region, Asia-Pacific the in rity а for than effectively, operate to views different radically cooperation between defence agencies. “Colour” revolutions phenomenon raised particular countries to for organizations terrorist use their for Proposals political achieving goals. actions unilateral by eradicated be cannot terrorism that understanding acommon to came East Near the in points flash the from of terrorism spreading increased the over concerns formats – from arranging information exchange and meetings of experts to conducting conducting to experts of meetings and exchange information arranging –from formats multinational anti-terror exercises. Special attention was given to regional issues – secu issues regional to given was attention Special exercises. anti-terror multinational different in forward set were cooperation military international of reenergizing possible population. local the with trust build helps observers unarmed of presence the that out pointed Zannier president. Ukrainian the with discussed been had for opportunities the about Secretary-General OSCE the asked Arbatov conclusion In nates. structure where one view domi view one where structure - - - / partners

/37 /27–28 april 2016 Organizer: Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation

Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation 2016 /40 Mobile appMCISdownload