The Historical Review/La Revue Historique
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
National Report 2020
National Report 2020 Regulation and performance of the electricity market and the natural gas market in Greece, in 2019. Regulatory Authority for Energy (RAE) Athens, June 2020. REGULATORY AUTHORITY FOR ENERGY 132, Piraeus str., 118 54 Athens, Greece Tel.: +302103727400, Fax: +302103255460 E-mail : [email protected], Website: www.rae.gr The Board of The Regulatory Authority for Energy (RAE): President Nickolaos G. Boulaxis (since 23-6-2015) A’ Vice President Sotirios Manolkidis (since 23-6-2015) B’ Vice President Michaella Latta (since 18-2-2016) Member Nektaria Karakatsani (since 22-6-2015) Member Ioannis Anagnostopoulos (since 19-2-2016) Member Apostolos Gotsias (since 19-2-2016) Member Theodoros Zervos (since 19-2-2016) 1. Foreword _________________________________________________________ 6 2. Main developments in the electricity and gas markets ________________ 7 2.1 Electricity __________________________________________________________ 7 2.2 RES _______________________________________________________________ 9 2.3 Natural Gas _______________________________________________________ 10 2.4 Consumer Protection ______________________________________________ 13 2.5 Other important actions of RAE _____________________________________ 14 3. Regulation and Performance of the Electricity Market _______________ 16 3.1 Network Regulation __________________________________________________ 16 3.1.1. Unbundling_____________________________________________________________ 16 3.1.1.1. Certified Transmission System Operator - ADMIE S.A. ___________________ 16 3.1.1.2. Distribution System Operator - DEDDIE S.A. ____________________________ 16 3.1.1.3. Accounting unbundling _______________________________________________ 16 3.1.2. Technical functioning and network development ____________________________ 17 3.1.3. Security and reliability standards, quality of service and supply _______________ 19 3.1.4. Network Tariffs for connection and access _________________________________ 20 3.1.5. Transmission Network operation __________________________________________ 20 3.1.6. -
Southern Peloponnese Free
FREE SOUTHERN PELOPONNESE PDF Michael Cullen | 136 pages | 15 Mar 2015 | Sunflower Books | 9781856914512 | English | London, United Kingdom What to see in southern Peloponnese? - Peloponnese Forum - Tripadvisor It is connected to the central part of the country by the Isthmus of Corinth land bridge which separates the Gulf of Corinth from the Saronic Gulf. The peninsula is divided among three administrative regions : most belongs to the Peloponnese region, with smaller parts belonging to the West Greece and Attica regions. The Peloponnese is a peninsula that covers an area of some 21, It is connected to the mainland by the Isthmus of CorinthSouthern Peloponnese the Corinth Canal was constructed in However, it is also connected to the mainland by several bridges across the canal, including two submersible bridges at the north and the south Southern Peloponnese. Near the northern tip of the peninsula, there is another bridge, the Rio—Antirrio bridge completed Indeed, the Southern Peloponnese is rarely, if ever, referred to as an island. The peninsula has a mountainous interior and deeply indented coasts. The Peloponnese possesses four south-pointing peninsulas, the Messenianthe Manithe Cape Malea also known as Epidaurus Limeraand the Southern Peloponnese in the far northeast of the Peloponnese. The entire peninsula is earthquake prone and has been the site of many earthquakes in the past. Extensive lowlands are found only in the west, except for the Evrotas valley in the south and the Argolid in the northeast. Southern Peloponnese Peloponnese is home to numerous spectacular beaches, which are a major tourist draw. Two groups of islands lie off the Peloponnesian coast: the Argo-Saronic Islands to the east, and the Ionian to the west. -
THE RECENT HİSTORY of the RHODES and KOS TURKS “The Silent Cry Rising in the Aegean Sea”
THE RECENT HİSTORY OF THE RHODES and KOS TURKS “The Silent Cry Rising in the Aegean Sea” Prof. Dr.Mustafa KAYMAKÇI Assoc. Prof. Dr.Cihan ÖZGÜN Translated by: Mengü Noyan Çengel Karşıyaka-Izmir 2015 1 Writers Prof. Dr. Mustafa KAYMAKÇI [email protected] Mustafa Kaymakçı was born in Rhodes. His family was forced to immigrate to Turkey for fear of losing their Turkish identity. He graduated from Ege University Faculty of Agriculture in 1969 and earned his professorship in 1989. He has authored 12 course books and over 200 scientific articles. He has always tried to pass novelties and scientific knowledge on to farmers, who are his target audience. These activities earned him many scientific awards and plaques of appreciation. His achievements include •“Gödence Village Agricultural Development Cooperative Achievement Award, 2003”; •“TMMOB Chamber of Agricultural Engineers Scientific Award, 2004”; and •“Turkish Sheep Breeders Scientific Award, 2009”. His name was given to a Street in Acıpayam (denizli) in 2003. In addition to his course books, Prof. Kaymakçı is also the author of five books on agricultural and scientific policies. They include •Notes on Turkey’s Agriculture, 2009; •Agricultural Articles Against Global Capitalization, 2010; •Agriculture Is Independence, 2011; •Famine and Imperialism, 2012 (Editor); and •Science Political Articles Against Globalization, 2012. Kaymakçı is the President of the Rhodes and Kos and the Dodecanese Islands Turks Culture and Solidarity Association since 1996. Under his presidency, the association reflected the problems of the Turks living in Rhodes and Kos to organizations including Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), the Parliamentary Association of the European Council (PA CE), the United Nations and the Federal Union of European Nationalities (FEUN). -
Opening Speech
II. National Symposium On The Aegean Islands, 2-3 July 2004, Gökçeada - Çanakkale OPENING SPEECH Ali KURUMAHMUT Prime Ministry of Navigation Counsellorship Marine Transportation General Manager The Aegean Sea lies between the Turkish and the Greek main lands, as well as between the Morea peninsular and the southwestern edges of the Anatolian coasts, with the extension of the islands of Çuha, Küçük Çuha, Girit, Kaşot, Kerpe and Rodos that constitute its outer natural boundaries. In terms of the geographical structure, the Aegean, a semi-closed sea, has geological and geo-morphological characteristics peculiar to itself: it has about 1800 islands, islets and rocks of various sorts, as well as a number of geographical formations, scattered al over the Sea. There is little wonder that all these characteristics make the Aegean Sea a special one. The Aegean dispute between Greece and Turkey has been complicated for a number of reasons: for instance, there are many islands in the Aegean that Turkey ceded to Greece through international treaties. And these islands lying in the natural extension of the Turkish mainland surround Anatolia from north to the south. But Athens makes claims of sovereignty over many islands, islets, and rocks though Ankara never ceded any of them to Greece officially. The most obvious and famous case would be the Kardak rocks crisis that erupted between Turkey and Greece at the beginning of 1996. These complications make the Aegean a sea that is of special importance among the seas of the world. It is possible to divide the Aegean Islands into five categories in terms of their geographical locations, geological and geo-morphological characteristics, the historical perspectives of the sovereign powers to which they belonged, the manner in which the sovereignty over them was determined through international treaties, as well as their importance for geo-political and strategic purposes. -
Greece Study Guide
Greece Study Guide IN THE FOOTSTEPS OF PAUL 1 Table of Contents Table of Contents 2 Introduction 3 Alexandria Troas 4 Amphipolis and Apollonia 7 Amphipolis 8 Apollonia 12 Athens 14 Corinth 17 Delphi 37 Heraklion Crete 40 Kos 41 Malta 45 Mars Hill 49 Neapolis 54 Nicopolis 58 Patmos 61 Philippi 64 Rhodes 66 Samos 72 Samothrace / Samothraki 79 Thessaloniki 81 Veria - Berea 94 IN THE FOOTSTEPS OF PAUL 2 Introduction “ In the first century, Christianity was a community of believers. Then Christianity moved to Greece and became a philosophy. Then it moved to Rome and became an institution. Then it moved to Europe and became a culture. And then it move to America and became a business.” - Priscilla Shirer Shaul / Paul went to Greece within the framework of his second and third journeys. It was during a night gourd 49 A.D., when Shaul / Paul, while at Troas of Asia Minor, had a vision in which he saw a man of Macedonia who called him to carry on with his work in the this man’s homeland: Come over into M acedonia, and help us. It is worth noting that this divine intervention, which Shaul/ Paul with his fellow laborers Silas, Titus and Timothy took as an invitation from the Lord to make the message of His Gospel know to that area, was not the first. Their arrival at Troas and, as a consequence, their turn westwards and more specifically to Greece had become manifest on two further occasions during this second journey of Shaul / Paul. IN THE FOOTSTEPS OF PAUL 3 On the first occasion, when the left Iconium, they were prevented by the Holy Spirit from turning eastwards, to Asia, and as a result they finally headed for the regions of Phrygia and central Galatia. -
THE MODERNIZATION of the OTTOMAN NAVY DURING the REIGN of SULTAN ABDÜLAZİZ (1861-1876) By
THE MODERNIZATION OF THE OTTOMAN NAVY DURING THE REIGN OF SULTAN ABDÜLAZİZ (1861-1876) by DİLARA DAL A thesis submitted to The University of Birmingham for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Centre for Byzantine, Ottoman and Modern Greek Studies Department of Classics, Ancient History and Archaeology College of Arts and Law The University of Birmingham April, 2015 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. ABSTRACT The main focus of this study is to examine the modernization of the Ottoman navy during the reign of Sultan Abdülaziz, exploring naval administration, education, and technology. Giving a summary of the transformation of shipbuilding technologies and bureaucratic institutions of the Ottoman naval forces between 1808 and 1861, it analyses the structure of the Ottoman navy, its level of development in comparison to previous periods of time, and the condition of the vessels making up the naval fleet from 1861 to 1876. It also intends to evaluate the character of existing administrative structures at the outset of Abdülaziz’s reign in 1861 and the nature of subsequent changes, including structural reorganization of the Imperial Naval Arsenal, the Ministry of Marine, and the Naval Academy, as well as advancements in military training and seafaring; all within the context of the impact of these changes on the military, political, and economic condition of the Empire during the reign of Sultan Abdülaziz. -
The Ottoman Empire in the Time of Suleiman the Magnificent
HARVARD HISTORICAL STUDIES PUBLISHED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY FROM THE INCOME OF THE HENRY WARREN TORREY FUND VOLUME XVIII HARVARD HISTORICAL STUDIES of the American Slave X The Administration of «»« African By Louis Clikton I. The Suppression ^JvolutionaxyArmy. $1.50 net. Hatch, Ph.D. 8vo. 8vo. $i.Sonet. and the Patronage. of "The Crisis." XI The Civil Service Mitor Ph.D., Professor of the By CARL RUSSELL FISH, »T T»,» rnntest over the RatlficaOon Un.versay of American History in the in Massachusetts of' nei. %IderS ConSion 8vo. $2.00 Professor of Euro- Wisconsin. Iv S B Harding. Ph.D., of the in Indiana Development of Freedom ^n^tory Universay.^8vo.^ Xn. The ^- Press m Massachusetts. By y^ the U-v«- Ph.D., President of DuNmAV, net. 8vo. $1.50 sity of Wyoming. Apiculture- L^rrsecrel^/of in Canada. S" Xra. The Seigniorial System 8vo. Professor of By W. B. MUNRO. Ph.D., in Harvard Univer- M^unTcipal Government sity. 8vo. By Wa r».ATuuj...b..«..beM.s».8vo. »' » The Frankpledge System. chusetts Senate. XIV. Assistant TT4M Alfred Morris, Ph.D., British Municipal in the Umvcr V A Biblioeraphy of Pr«'of English History 8vo. $1.50 net. sity of California. 8vo. , . 8vo. Relne YVT Memoire de Marie Caroline, Edited by ROBERT MATTESON ' ^5 ^"JeSs Professor of College. 8vo. A.M., Assistant liams TOHNSTON, Umvers.y. Cm History in Harvard Colonies 8vo. llsh "VfEEVE Ph.D., Professor professor of Ancient 8vo. '.?:fPh D., M^S rdMarn'HistoryinHarvardUn.v..ty. 8vo. G. T. net. of the Ottonwin LA'-^^^.'/^-^o'8vo. -
Introduction Acknowledgements
10 11 Acknowledgements Introduction General geography of Greece Greece is a relatively small country, and with a surface area of 132,000 km2 it is only half as big as the UK. Encompassed, however, in this modest area, is a great diversity of habitats, exceeding many European countries of much larger size. For example, one can encounter in Epirus alpine areas complete with lush conifer forests, dramatic peaks and extensive snowfields that physiographically resemble Switzerland. On the other hand, some regions of the southern Aegean are closer to Africa than to Athens, and their climate and habitats reflect this proximity. Southeastern Crete for example, con- tains one of the few true European deserts, an area closely resembling certain hamma- da regions of the Middle East. Greece is a country of mountains and islands. The Pindos range, an extension of the Dinaric Alps, forms the backbone of peninsular Greece. A number of smaller mountains originate as spurs from this block, although some, including Mount Olympus, the highest mountain in Greece (2,917 m elevation) arise in relative isola- tion. A second major mountain block, the Rhodopes, located in Thrace, runs in a roughly east-west direction separating Greece and Bulgaria. The Peloponnese, a small- er peninsula in the south, is as mountainous as the mainland and encompasses several peaks exceeding 2,000 m in elevation. With the exception of a few large flat regions located mostly in Thessaly and Thrace, the country lacks extensive plains. Typically the mountains drop rather steeply into the sea and are generally flanked only by narrow coastal plains. -
Eötvös Loránd Tudományegyetem Bölcsészettudományi Kar
EÖTVÖS LORÁND TUDOMÁNYEGYETEM BÖLCSÉSZETTUDOMÁNYI KAR Katkó Gáspár Az Oszmán Birodalom és a Rzeczpospolita határán: Kantemir mirza felemelkedése és katonai pályafutásának első szakasza (1621-1629) Doktori disszertáció tézisei Történelemtudományi Doktori Iskola Dr. Erdődy Gábor DSc., tanszékvezető egyetemi tanár a Történelemtudományi Doktori Iskola vezetője Az Oszmán Birodalom, a magyarországi török hódoltság és a Török Köztársaság története Doktori Program Dr. Dávid Géza DSc., egyetemi tanár Az Oszmán Birodalom, a magyarországi török hódoltság és a Török Köztársaság története Doktori Program vezetője A bizottság tagjai és tudományos fokozatuk: Dr. Vásáry István, CMHAS., professor emeritus, a bizottság elnöke Dr. Gebei Sándor, DSc., egyetemi tanár, opponens Dr. Ivanics Mária, DSc., egyetemi tanár, opponens Dr. Péri Benedek, PhD., a bizottság titkára Dr. Fodor Pál, DSc. Dr. Kovács Nándor Erik, PhD. Dr. Sudár Balázs, PhD. Témavezető és tudományos fokozata: Dr. Dávid Géza, DSc., egyetemi tanár Budapest, 2015 Bevezetés A budzsaki tatárokkal számtalanszor találkozhatunk az a XVI–XVIII. századi, angol, német, francia, krími tatár, lengyel, olasz, orosz, oszmán-török, román nyelvű forrásokban, valamint az egykorú útleírásokban. Egy-két kósza levéltől eltekintve saját írásbeliséggel nem rendelkeztek, a velük kapcsolatos feljegyzéseket mind kívülállók írták. Ebből eredően nagyon kevés modern feldolgozás született róluk. Gyökereik szorosan kötődnek az Al-Duna vidékétől több száz kilométer távolságra, a Volga folyó mentén, a XIV. század végén létrejött Nogaj Hordához, hiszen a Prut, a Dnyeszter és az Al-Duna között megtelepedett nomádok többsége a Krími Kánság érintésével erről a vidékről költözött be. Egyik leghíresebb vezérük, a Mangit nembeli Kantemir mirza, a XVII. század húszas-harmincas éveiben a Prut–Dnyeszter, és az ahhoz szorosan kapcsolódó Dnyeszter‒Dnyeper menti régió egyik vitathatatlan irányítója volt. -
Households in Ottoman Politics: the Rivalry Between Husrev Mehmed Pasha and Mehmed Ali Pasha of Egypt
HOUSEHOLDS IN OTTOMAN POLITICS: THE RIVALRY BETWEEN HUSREV MEHMED PASHA AND MEHMED ALI PASHA OF EGYPT by Azize F. Çakır Submitted to the Graduate School of Arts and Social Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Sabancı University August 2013 I HOUSEHOLDS IN OTTOMAN POLITICS: THE RIVALRY BETWEEN HUSREV MEHMED PASHA AND MEHMED ALI PASHA OF EGYPT APPROVED BY: YUSUF HAKAN ERDEM .……………………….. (Thesis Supervisor) SELÇUK AKŞİN SOMEL ………………………… ÖZGE KEMAHLIOĞLU ……………………….... DATE OF APPROVAL: 12 August 2013 II © Azize F. Çakır, 2013 All Rights Reserved III ABSTRACT HOUSEHOLDS IN OTTOMAN POLITICS: THE RIVALRY BETWEEN HUSREV MEHMED PASHA AND MEHMED ALI PASHA OF EGYPT by Azize F. Çakır History, M.A. Thesis, Spring 2013 Thesis Supervisor: Yusuf Hakan Erdem This thesis aims to present an analysis of households in the Ottoman politics through rivalry of Husrev Mehmed Pasha and Mehmed Ali Pasha of Egypt. Especially with the adoption of tax-farming system, households of the Ottoman ruling elite began to assume former functions of timar and devşirme systems as well as the palace school. Parallel to this development, the forming or the attachment to a powerful household became a necessity for the Ottoman bureaucrats for both obtaining office in the Ottoman administration and for gathering influence and wealth. Accordingly, intra-elite rivalries of factions formed around households and patronage networks left its mark on the Ottoman politics. One of the most important intra-elite rivalries in the first half of the nineteenth century was the contestation between Husrev Mehmed Pasha and Mehmed Ali Pasha of Egypt. -
The Western Question in Greece and Turkey
THE WESTERN QUESTION IN GREECE AND TURKEY A STUDY IN THE CONTACT OF CIVILISATIONS BY ARNOLD J. TOYNBEE ‘For we are also His offspring’ CONSTABLE AND COMPANY LTD LONDON · BOMBAY · SYDNEY 1922 TO THE PRESIDENT AND FACULTY OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE FOR GIRLS AT CONSTANTINOPLE THIS BOOK IS DEDICATED BY THE AUTHOR AND HIS WIFE IN GRATITUDE FOR THEIR HOSPITALITY AND IN ADMIRATION OF THEIR NEUTRAL-MINDEDNESS IN CIRCUMSTANCES IN WHICH NEUTRALITY IS ‘HARD AND RARE’ PREFACE THIS book is an attempt to place certain recent events in the Near and Middle East in their historical setting, and to illustrate from them several new features of more enduring importance than the events themselves. It is not a discussion of what the peace-settlement in the East ought to be, for the possibility of imposing a cut-and-dried scheme, if it ever really existed, was destroyed by the landing of the Greek troops at Smyrna in May 1919. At any rate, from that moment the situation resolved itself into a conflict of forces beyond control; the Treaty of Sèvres was still-born; and subsequent conferences and agreements, however imposing, have had and are likely to have no more than a partial and temporary effect. On the other hand, there have been real changes in the attitude of the Western public towards their Governments’ Eastern policies, which have produced corresponding changes in those policies themselves; and the Greeks and Turks have appeared in unfamiliar roles. The Greeks have shown the same unfitness as the Turks for governing a mixed population. The Turks, in their turn, have become exponents of the political nationalism of the West. -
The Geography of the Chios Mastic Trade from the 17Th Through to the 19Th Century
The Geography of the Chios Mastic Trade from the 17th through to the 19th Century Dimitrios G. Ierapetritis Research Abstract Chios, one of the largest islands in the Eastern Mediterra- Introduction nean, became internationally known during the 13th centu- ry due to the production of the Chios mastic in twenty one The Chios mastic (μαστίχα) is the transparent substance, villages on the south, the resin of the mastic tree (Pistacia also named “tear”, which flows from the mastic trees that lentiscus L. var. chia (Desf. ex Poiret) DC.), to which many grow in southern Chios. Its odor is slightly balsamic, beneficial properties and uses had already been attribut- pleasant, while the taste is astringent. The “tear” is pale ed in the antiquity. The international demand for mastic green at the beginning, later turns transparent, and in the led the various conquerors of Chios to prohibit free trade end it becomes lemon-colored. It contains essential oils, and lay down a system for monopoly distribution. After the mainly masticin or resin, masticinic acid in various forms, island was conquered by the Ottoman Empire in 1566, alcohols and other substances to a smaller percentage. It following a period of almost two centuries of Genoan rule is insoluble in water, soluble in ether, in carbon tetrachlo- (1346 to 1566), the valuable product of Chios Mastic con- ride, in acetone and in benzene (Kokkinakis 2000:32). stitutes one of the monopolies of the Ottoman State. The mastic tree (Pistacia lentiscus L. var. chia (Desf. ex The present article aims firstly to present the botanical Poiret) DC.) belongs to the Anacardiaceae family, with aspect of Chios Mastic, the mastic tree (P.