APPENDIX 1
MAIN PARAMETERS OF TSUNAMIS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA•
Coordinates Max. Cause of earthquake Magni- Site of intensity Reliabi- Year of or volcano, tude, manifestation of lity of tsunami deg. of tsunami tsunami data N I E M iiiiiiJ<
The Sea of Marmara (SM) 120 E 40.7 29.1 7.2 2 p 447 E? 40.2 28.0. 7.3 4 LIR 542 - 40.3 27.8 6.8 4 L/R 558? 40.9 28.8 7.0 - p 740 E 40.7 29.3 7.3 3 L 975? ? --- 3 p 1039 E? 38.4 27.3 6.8 - Q 1265 E 40.7 27.4 6.6 2 p 1332 E 40.9 28.9 6.8 3+ p 1344 E 40.8 28.8 6.9 4 LIR 1509 E 40.8 28.1 7.7 3- L 1646 E --- 3 p 1766 E 40.8 29.0 6.5 2 p 1829 E 41.1 24.3 7.3 2 p 1857 E 40.2 29.0 - - Q 1878 E 40.8 29.0 6.7 3 QIP 1894 E 40.6 28.7 6.7 3 p 1912 E 40.6 27.2 7.6 - p 1999 E 40.7 29:8 7.4 - p
North Greece (NG) ' -479 E 39.7 23.3 6.7 Chalkidiki Peninsula 3 L 1902 E 40.8 23.4 6.6 Thessaloniki 2 L 1928 E 40.8 26.8 6.2 Gulf of Strimon 2 p 1932 E 40.5 23.9 7.0 Chalkidiki Peninsula 3 R 1978 E 40.8 23.2 6.5 Gulf of Strimon 2- p
East Greece (EG) -426 E? 38.9 22.7 7.1 Gulf of Euboea 4 L 426 E --- Gulf of Euboea 4- L 552 E+L 38.4 22.3 7.1 Gulf of Euboea 4- p 1853 E 38.3 23.4 7.0 Gulf of Euboea 3+ p 1859 ? --- Piraeus 2- Q 1894 E+L 38.7 23.1 7.0 Gulf of Euboea 4 R 1928 E+L 38.0 23.0 5.0 Chalkida 3 L 1956 E 39.3 23.1 5.6 Volos 3 L
• Symbols are listed after the table.
183 184 APPENDIX2
Coordinates Max. Cause of earthquake Magni- Site of intensity Reliabi- Year of or volcano, tude, manifestation of lity of tsunami de2. of tsunami tsunami data N l E M i,.DX Asia Minor (AM) -1300 ? - - - Troy 5? p 1403 E? - - - South-Eastern shore 3 p 1489 E - - - Antalya 3 p 1667 E 38.4 27.1 6.6 Izmir 2 p 1688 E 38.4 26.9 7.0 Izmir 2 p 1846 E - - - Izmir 3? p 1851 E 36.5 28.7 7.2 Fethiye 3 L 1851 E? - - - Fethiye 3 L 1852 ? - - - Izmir 2-3 p 1852 E - - - Izmir 3 p 1928 E 38.1 27.4 6.5 Izmir 2 L 1961 ? 36.7 28.5 6.5 Izmir 2? L
Aegean Sea, islands (AS) -1380 V+E 36.4 25.4 - Island of Thira 10 R -330 E 40.0 25.0 7.0 Island of Lirnnos - Q 62 V+E 36.5 25.4 6.7 Island of Thira 3 p 554 E 37.0 27.7 7.0 Island of Kos 4 L 1389 E 38.4 26.3 6.8 Island of Chios 3 p 1650 V+L 36.4 25.4 7.0 Island of Thira 7 R 1672 E 36.5 25.5 - Island of Thira - Q 1672 E 40.0 26.0 6.5 Island ofTenedos - Q 1738 E 36.8 24.4 6.5 Island of Milos 3 p 1856 E 38.4 26.2 6.6 Island of Chios 3+ p 1859 E 40.0 25.9 6.8 Island of lmroz 3 p 1866 E 38.3 26.3 6.8 Island of Chios 3 p 1866 E 36.4 25.3 6.0 Island of Thira 4 L 1867 E 39.2 26.4 7.0 Island of Lesvos 2 p 1881 E 38.2 26.1 6.5 Island of Chios 2+ p 1893 E 40.5 25.5 6.8 Island of Samothraki 3+ L 1933 E 36.7 27.2 6.4 Island of Kos 2 p 1949 E 38.6 26.3 6.7 Island of Chios 2 L 1956 E 36.7 25.8 7.5 Island of Amorgos 6 R 1956 E 36.6 25.7 6.9 Island of 5 p Folegandros 1959 ? - - - Aegean Sea 3 p 1961 ? - - - Aegean Sea 3 p 1968 E+L 39.5 24.8 6.7 Island of Lirnnos 2 L 1983 E 40.1 24.8 - Island of Lirnnos 2+ p 1991 ? 37.7 26.3 - Aegean Sea 2 L 1991 ? 37.1 26.8 - Aegean Sea 3 R
Hellenic Arc, islands (HA) -220 E 36.5 28.2 7.2 Island of Rhodes 3 p 142 E 36.7 28.0 7.0 Island of Rhodes 4 L MAIN PARAMETERS OF TSUNAMIS 185
Coordinates Max. Cause of earthquake Magni- Site of intensity Reliabi- Year of or volcano, tude, manifestation of lity of tsunami dtl2. of tsunami tsunami data N I E M i_~ 262 E -- - Island of Rhodes 4 Q 365 E 35.3 25.7 8.0 Island of Crete 4 R 1303 E 36.3 27.3 8.0 Island of Rhodes 4 L 1481 E 36.2 28.5 7.1 Island of Rhodes 3 PIL 1494 E 35.5 25.5 7.2 Island of Crete 2+ p 1508 E 35.0 25.5 7.1 Island of Crete 3 p 1601 E 35.5 25.5 - Island of Crete - QIP 1609 E 36.4 28.4 7.2 Island of Rhodes 4 p 1612 E 35.5 25.5 6.7 Island of Crete 5- p 1629 E 35.5 25.0 7.0 Island of Crete 3? p 1741 E 36.2 28.5 7.3 Island of Rhodes 4 p 1843 E? 36.3 27.6 6.5 Island of Chalki 4 p 1851 E - -- Island of Chalki 2 p 1856 E 35.5 26.0 8.3 Island of Crete 3+ p 1863 E 36.5 28.0 7.8 Island of Rhodes - Q 1866 E 36.0 24.0 6.0 Island ofKythira 4 L 1870 E -- - Port of Alexandria 3 L 1948 E 35.5 27.2 7.1 Island of Karpathos 4 R 1979 E? 34.6 24.1 5.8 Island of Crete 2 -
Island of Cyprus {IC) -23 E - -- 4 P/L 76 E - -- 4 Q 342 E - -- 3 Q 1202 E 34.3 33.0 6.6 4 P/L 1953 E 34.8 32.5 6.5 2-3 L
Near East (NE) -760 ? -- - Israel - Lebanon 3 p -590 E -- 6.8 Siir 4 p -525 E -- 7.5 Lebanon 2-3 p -138 E? - - 7.0 Akko- Siir 3 p 348 E -- - Beirut 3 PIL 362 E? -- - Shore of the Dead 3 PIL Sea 551 E - - 7.8 Tripolis 3 PIL 746 E - -- From Egypt to Syria 3 PIL 859 E -- - Samandagi 3 p 881 E? - - 6.5 Akko 2-3 Q 1032 E - - 6.9 Gaza 3 p 1034 E - - 6.2 Akko 4- p 1068 E -- - Israel 4 L 1114 E 36.5 36.0 7.0 Samandagi 3 p 1202 E -- - Syria 5 P/L 1534 E - -- Israel 3 QIP 1546 E -- - Gaza- Jaffa 3+ P/L 186 APPENDIX2
Coordinates Max. Cause of earthquake Magni- Site of intensity Reliabi- Year of or volcano, tude, manifestation of lity of tsunami de£. of tsunami tsunami data N I E M i,.QX 1752 E -- 7.0 Tripolis 3? p 1759 E - -- Akko 4- PIL 1822 E 36.0 36.0 7.1 Beirut 3 p
West Greece (WG) -373 E? 38.3 22.1 7.3 Gulf of Corinth 5 p 1402 E 38.2 22.7 7.0 Gulf of Corinth 5 p 1622 E 37.6 21.0 6.0 Island of Zakynthos - QIP 1633 E 37.6 21.0 6.9 Island of Zakynthos 3- p 1636 E 38.1 20.3 7.2 Island of Kefallonia 3 p 1723 E 38.5 20.5 - Island of Levkas 3? p 1732 E 39.5 20.0 - Island of Kerkyra 2- p (Corfu) 1748 E 38.3 22.1 6.8 Gulf of Corinth 3 p 1791 E? 37.8 21.0 7.0 Ionian Sea 3 p 1804 E 38.3 21.8 6.7 Gulf of Patras 3 p 1817 E 38.3 22.1 6.8 Gulf of Corinth 3+ p 1820 E 38.8 20.8 6.6 Island of Levkas -- 1820 E 37.7 21.1 6.9 Island of Zakynthos 3+ p 1821 E 37.8 21.3 6.5 Island of Zakynthos 4 p 1825 E? 38.8 20.7 6.8 Island of Levkas 3? p 1835 ? --- Island of Zakynthos 2 p 1861 E+L 38.2 22.2 7.3 Gulf of Corinth 4 P/L 1862 E 38.3 22.3 - South Peloponnesus 2-3 p 1867 E 38.6 20.9 7.4 Island of Levkas 2 p 1867 E 36.4 22.2 7.1 South Peloponnesus 4 LIR 1869 E 38.8 20.7 6.9 Island of Levkas 3 p 1870 E 38.4 22.5 7.0 Gulf of Corinth 4 p 1873 L? 38.0 22.3 - Island of Zakynthos -- 1881 ? --- Gulf of Corinth - - 1883 E 39.5 20.0 - Island of Kerkyra 3 p (Corfu) 1886 E 37.1 21.4 7.5 South Peloponnesus 3 L 1887 E 38.3 22.8 - Gulf of Corinth 3 p 1888 E 38.2 22.1 6.1 Galaxidi 2 R 1898 E 37.8 21.0 - Island of Zakynthos 2+ p 1899 E 37.2 21.6 6.6 South Peloponnesus 3 PIL 1914 E 38.8 20.6 6.3 Island of Levkas 4 p 1915 E 38.5 20.7 6.7 Ionian Sea 3+ p 1947 E+L 36.9 22.0 7.0 South Peloponnesus 2+ L 1948 E 38.7 20.5 6.5 Island of Levkas 4 L 1953 E+L 38.3 20.8 7.2 Island of Ithaca 6 p 1963 L --- Gulf of Corinth 5 L 1965 E 38.4 22.3 6.3 Gulf of Corinth 2 p 1981 E 38.2 23.0 6.7 Gulf of Corinth 2 R 1984 E 38.3 21.9 5.5 Sergoula 3 R MAIN PARAMETERS OF TSUNAMIS 187
Coordinates Max. Cause of earthquake Magni- Site of intensity Reliabi- Year of or volcano, tude, manifestation of lity of tsunami der. of tsunami tsunami data N I E M i ...... 1995 E 38.6 22.2 6.4 Gulf of Corinth 3 R 1996 E 38.4 22.1 - Gulf of Corinth 4 R
Albania (AL) -57 E 41.5 19.4 6.6 Durres 3 p 1273 E 41.3 19.7 6.5 Durres 3 p 1833 E 40.4 19.9 6.4 VI ore 4 p 1851 E 40.7 19.7 6.6 Vlore 3 p 1866 E 40.4 19.5 6.5 Vlore 4 p 1920 E 40.3 20.0 6.3 Vlorl! 4 p
Montenegro, Croatia, Dalmatia (DL) 1667 E 42.6 18.1 7.7 Dubrovnik 3-4 p 1750 E 46.0 12.7 - Rijeka 3-4 p 1802 E 45.3 14.4 - Bakar 3-4 P/L 1823 E --- Dubrovnik 4- p 1838 E 45.3 14.5 - Rijeka 3 Q/P 1843 E 42.6 18.1 - Dubrovnik 4 p 1844 E --- Dubrovnik 3 p 1844 E 43.4 16.7 - Dubrovnik 2 p 1845 E --- Dubrovnik 3 Q 1853 E - -- Baosic 3 Q/P 1870 E - -- Island of Vis 3 P/L 1937 E 43.2 16.4 5.2 Island ofHvar - QIP? 1978 ? - -- Vela-Luka 5 R 1979 E 42.0 19.0 7.0 Boka Kotorska• 1 R
Gulf of Venice (GV) 792 E 45.5 11.0 - 2-3 Q 1106 E 45.5 12.3 - 3 w 1321 E 45.4 12.3 - 3 p 1348 E 46.6 13.8 - 3 p 1511 E 46.2 13.3 - 2-3 p
East Italy (EI) 1331 E - - - Cesena 3 Q/P 1624 E 44.6 ll.8 - Delta of the Po 3 p 1627 E 41.8 15.3 6.3 Gargano Peninsula 5 L/R 1672 E 44.0 12.8 - Rimini 3 L 1756 E -- - Gargano Peninsula 4 QIP 1813 E 43.7 13.6 - Ancona 3 QIP 1826 E 43.8 13.0 - Senigallia - p 1875 E 44.2 12.4 - Rimini, Senigallia 4 p 1889 E 42.1 15.5 - Ancona 2? Q/P 188 APPENDIX2
Coordinates Max. Cause of earthquake Magni- Site of intensity Reliabi- Year of or volcano, tude, manifestation of lity of tsunami dee. of tsunami tsunami data N I E M iMnr
Calabrian Arc (CA) 177 E 38.0 15.0 - Island of Sicily 6 pp 362 E 38.0 15.5 - Island of Sicily 4-5 L 963 E - - - Island of Sicily 5-6 L/R 1169 E 37.5 15.3 - Island of Sicily 4-5 p 1329 E 37.8 15.0 - Island of Sicily 3 P/L 1562 E - - - Reggio di Calabria 4 p 1613 E - - - Messina 3-4 p 1638 E 39.0 16.3 - Calabria 4-5 p 1649 E 38.3 15.7 - Strait of Messina 5 p 1693. E 37.2 15.0 - Island of Sicily 4 p 1699 E - - - Catania 3-4 p 1726 E 38.2 13.4 - Palermo 3 p 1727 E 37.5 13.0 - Sciacca 3 QIP 1783 E 38.4 15.8 - Strait of Messina 5 R 1783 E+L 38.4 15.8 - Scilla 6 R 1783 E 38.6 16.2 - Strait of Messina 2-3 QIP 1783 E 38.8 16.3 - Strait of Messina 3 p 1783 E 38.8 16.5 - Strait of Messina 4 L 1784 E 38.2 15.5 - Roccella 5 L 1784 ? 38.2 15.7 - Scilla 3 p 1817 E 37.5 13.0 - Sciacca 3 p 1818 E 37.6 15.0 - Catania 3 L 1823 E 38.3 14.8 - Palermo 4-5 QIP 1831 E 37.1 12.5 - Sciacca I p 1832 E 39.0 17.0 - Cutro 3 p 1836 E 39.6 16.6 - Rossano 3-4 L 1894 E 38.2 15.9 - Strait of Messina 3 p 1903 E - - - Palermo 2 Q 1905 E 38.8 16.1 - Island of Sicily 4 L/R 1907 E 38.1 16.1 - Calabria 3 L 1908 E 38.2 15.6 7.0 Strait of Messina 6 R 1916 v 38.8 15.2 - Island of Stromboli 4 R 1919 v 37.6 15.2 - Island of Stromboli 4-5 L 1926 E 38.8 14.7 6.0 Lipari Islands 3 L 1930 v 38.8 15.2 - Island of Stromboli 3 QIP 1939 v 38.5 14.7 - Island of Filicudi 2 p 1940 E 38.1 13.5 - Island of Sicily 3 p 1941 E 38.3 12.2 - Trapani 2 L 1954 v 38.8 15.2 - Island of Stromboli 3-4 L
West Italy (WI) Tsunami of seismic origin 79 E 40.8 14.4 - Bay of Naples 4 L 407 E - - - Island of Ischia 4 Q/P MAIN PARAMETERS OF TSUNAMIS 189
Coordinates Max. Cause of earthquake Magni- Site of intensity Reliabi- Year of or volcano, tude, manifestation of lity of tsunami de2. of tsunami tsunami data N l E M i,.., 1343 E - - - Bay of Naples 4 p 1456 E 41.3 14.7 - Bay of Naples 4 QIP 1538 E 40.8 14.2 - Pozzuoli 3-4 p 1594 E 40.7 14.2 - Pozzuoli 4-5 p 1631 E 40.8 14.4 - Bay of Naples 5 L 1682 E - - - Bay of Naples 3 L 1707 E - - - Bay of Naples 3 L 1714 E - - - Naples 3 p 1723 E - - - Bay of Naples 3 p 1760 E - - - Bay of Naples 3 QIP 1805 E 41.4 14.5 - Bay of Naples 2 p 1870 E - - - Tyrrhenian Sea 3-4 Q 1895 E 41.7 12.2 - Tyrrhenian Sea 2-3 QIP
Oscilations of the sea level of unknown origin (from the south to the north 1112 ? 40.7 14.5 - Bay of Naples 3-4 p 1690 v - - - Bay of Naples 3 p 1698 ? 40.7 14.5 - Bay of Naples 3 p 1730 ? - - - Bay of Naples 2-3 p 1804 ? - - - Bay ofNap1es 2-3 p 1813 ? 40.0 14.0 - Bay of Naples 2-3 P/L 1847 ? - - - Bay of Naples 2 p 1895 ? - - - Anzio 3-4 QIP 258 ? 42.0 12.5 - Estuary of the Tiber ' 4 p 1703 ? 42.4 13.3 - Estuary of the Tiber 2 p 1806 ? 41.7 12.7 - Nettuno 2 QIP Ligurian Sea (LS) Tsunami of seismic origin 1564 E 44.0 7.3 - San Remo- Nice 4-5 p 1646 E 43.5 10.1 - Livomo 3 p 1703 E 44.2 8.8 - Genoa 3 p 1742 E 43.5 10.2 - Livomo 3 p 1751 E 44.2 9.2 - Genoa - San Remo p 1808 E 44.8 7.3 - Marseille P/L 1809 E 44.8 7.2 - Gulf of La Spezia p 1818 E 43.8 8.0 - Genoa - Antibes P/L 1818 E 44.8 10.4 - Genoa 2-3 p 1819 E 43.7 8.0 - Genoa 3 p 1828 E 44.8 9.2 - Genoa 3 p 1831 E 43.8 7.8 - San Remo 3 p 1846 E 43.3 10.7 - Livomo 3 P/L 1851 E - - - Livomo 2-3 QIP 1887 E 43.7 8.1 - Savona - Antibes 3 L/R 1888 E - - - San Remo 3 p 190 APPENDIX2
Coordinates Max. Cause of earthquake Magni- Site of intensity Reliabi- Year of or volcano, tude, manifestation of lity of tsunami de2. of tsunami tsunami data N I E M imiiX 1896 E 43.7 8.1 - Savona 2? QIP 1914 E 43.5 10.2 - Livorno 2 QIP
Oscillations of the sea level of unknown origin (from the south-east to the north-west 1846 ? - - - Livorno 4 L 1847 ? -- - Livorno 3 p 1850 ? -- - Livorno 3 p 1852 ? -- - Livorno 3 p 1303 ? - - - Genoa 4 p 1816 ? - - - Genoa 3 QIP 1820 ? -- - Genoa 3 p 1871 ? -- - SanRemo 3 QIP 1880 ? - - - Porto Maurizio 3 QIP 1854 ? 43.7 7.8 - Nice - Q 1855 ? -- - Nice 3 p 1876 ? - - - Nice 3-4 L 1885 ? -- - Nice 4 L/R 1979 ? - - - Nice 6 R 1812 ? -- - Marseille 3-4 L 1849 ? - - - Marseille 3 p 1924 ? -- - Marseille 3 p
Spain (SP) 1790 E --- Cartagena 3-4 P/L 1860 E --- Torrevieja 2-3 p
Africa (AF) 1755 E Lisbon Earthquaque Tangier, Oran 6 R 1773 ? - - - Tangier, Algeria 5 L 1790 E - - - Or an 3-4 P/L 1802 E 36.5 2.9 - Algeria 2 L 1856 E 37.1 5.7 - Algeria 4 L 1891 E 36.5 1.8 - Algeria - p 1894 ? -- - Bizerte 3 p 1905 ? -- - Bizerte 3 p 1954 E 36.3 1.5 6.7 Orleansville, Algeria 2 R 1980 E 36.2 1.4 - El Asnam, Algeria 2 R MAIN PARAMETERS OF TSUNAMIS 191
Notes
1. A sign " - " before the year in the column "Year" implies that the penomenon took place in the era B.C. 2. Causes of tsunami: E earthquake; V volcanic eruption; L landslide; ? cause not found. 3. Signs + and - in the column "Max. intensity of tsunami" imply "slightly more" and "slightly less", respectively.
4. Reliability was estimated in accordance with a 5-grade scale: R reliable: an event was recorded at least by one gauge or there exist many reliable visual observations; L likely: few reliable observations; P possible: it is difficult to evaluate whether the tsunami or some other event (seiches, sea-quake, wind surge, and so on ... ) was observed Q questionable: probably some other event, different from tsunami, took place, but the possibility of tsunami shouldn't be utterly excluded; W - wrong: erroneous indication of tsunami. , '"0 ~ ~
N ?;
s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
R
PZ
I
1 I
1
2 3 2 3 2 2 2 2 4 2 3 2 3 2 3
3
v
I
T
T
T T T T T T T T T T c T v
u u
TI
VT
I
1 I T
1 1 1 1 1 1
1 -
3
3 2
4
N
------
IHmaxl
.
I
3.0 5.0
3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 3.0 6.0 4.0 4.0 2.0
4.0
4.0
10.0
SEA
I
------
Mt
I
Solovieva)
7.0 7.2 7.0 7.3 6.6 7.0 6.8 6.7 7.5 7.2 6.3 6.7 7.1
Ms
I
N
0.
MEDITERRANEAN
------
Dep
I
THE
IN
B.C.
15.00
14.40 10.00 19.50
Osipova, 29.10 22.10 28.00 22.60 25.00 25.40 22.30 28.20 22.90 25.40 23.30 22.70 Long
80
I
13
V.
EVENTS
-----
-----
and
A.
Lat
38.30 36.70 36.70 36.50 38.00 40.80 39.40 36.50 37.90 44.10 40.70 36.40 39.70 41.30 38.90 40.00
I
B.C.
Med
1700
IC
WI
NE NE NE AL HA NE HA CA
EG AS AS NG AS
SM
AM
WG
Zone
Gusiakov,
East
I
K.
TSUNAMIGENIC
between
-
- -
OF
Sc
(V.
I
event
LIST
--
------
Mn
this
I
of
------
------
---
7
table. Hr
date
I
the
the
------
------
20 24
Day
after
give
I
-
------
- 8
6
listed
Mon
authors
I
are
79
62 77
177
120 148 -57
-198 -138 -373 -330 -220 -479 -426
-590 -525
-760
Year
-1300 Different
-1380*'
Symbols
' '*
r§l t'""'
o-3 ~ '"r1 0 o-3 n Cll ti1 ~ ~ Cll - o-3 - Cll 0 <
-
\0 w -
I
s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
1 1 I
1
2 3 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 3 2 3 2 3
-
T
T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T u T T T u v
TL
1 - 1 - -- 1 - - 1 1 -
2 2 3 2 9 2 3 3 4 4
------
IHmaxiNICIVIR
- I
5.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 4.0 4.0 3.0 4.0 3.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0
I
------
- -
Mt
I
-
8.0 6.9 7.3 7.0 6.2 7.3 6.8 3.6 7.1 7.8 7.0
4.9 6.8
4.1 Ms
I
------
70
Dep
I
- -
-
11.00
15.50 12.50 12.50 12.25 19.50 12.50
29.30 36.25 35.53 27.30 22.30 28.98 27.70 35.58 Long 28.00 28.80 27.80 25.70 29.90
I
---
------
--
Lat
38.40 38.40
37.00 36.95 32.80 38.00 36.08
40.80 45.50 41.04 35.30
40.20 40.90 40.30 40.70 41.90 45.40 41.30 41.90
42.00
I
IC
NE NE
NE NE NE WI NE NE WI AS HA HA EG NE CA
CA
AS EG GV
SM SM SM SM
SM SM SM
Zone
NE,AF
I
------
-
Sc
I
------
Mn
I
------
Hr
I
-
---
8
4
18
15
26 23
26 21 22
30
Day
I
-- I ----
------I ----
--
7 7 7 9 9 3 6 2 2 8 9 6 7 4 7
4 7
11
12 19
10
10
12 14
Mon
I
551
803 859 543 746 963 792 975 551 447 554 362 558 740 262 362 365 407 342 426 348 258
1034 1039 1050 1065 1032
Year
881-82 ~
><
N
......
'f
I
s
s s s
s s s s s
s s s s s s s
s
R
s s s s s
PZ
PC
PZ
PC
1
2 0 2
3 3 3 3 2 2
2
2 3 2
2 2
2 3
2
2 2 2 2
2 4 2
4
T
T
T
T
T T T T
T T T T
u
T u T T T T T T
T T T T
T
TV
1 1
1
1
1 1 1 1 1
1
1
1
2
5 1
1
2
2
4
2
-
- - - --
------
--
------
-- - -
1.80
-
3.0
3.0 4.0
4.0
4.0 2.0
4.0
3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0
5.0 3.0 4.0 3.0
5.0 3.0
4.0 3.0 3.0 3.0
3.0
4.0
-
------
------
- - - -
-
-
-
--
7.0
7.0 8.0
6.6 6.6 6.5
6.9
6.8 7.0
7.1 7.1 7.2 7.1
-
------
------
------
-
-
-
15.30
19.70
12.30 14.00
12.25
12.30 15.00
13.80
14.70
36.00
33.00
29.00 31.25
27.40
28.50 28.50
28.80
26.30 22.41
25.50 25.50
-- -
-- --
-- -
36.10
36.50 37.50
41.30 34.30
45.50 40.00 30.05
37.80 36.20
40.70
45.40 38.40 38.11 44.17
40.80 38.20 46.60 35.50 35.00
41.30
El
LS
AL
WI
WI
HA WI
CA CA CA AF
HA NE CA CA HA HA
AS
GV
AS
GV SM
SM
SM
AM
WG
-
-
- - - -
--
------
--
------
------
------
---
---
-
- --- -
----
1
4
3
3
4
12 13 11 12
11
12
16
22
23
20 28
25 29 25
20
-
-
1 1 2
8 8
3 7 8 3 2 6 2 3 6 3
5
3 6
2 5 2 7 5
11
11
12
10
1273
1169 1331 1169 1332 1172 1343 1508 1202 1344 1265 1348 1365 1068 1303 1389 1106 1303 1402 1403 1112 1321 1456 1114 1329 1481 1481 1494
Year ~
t:: ~ ~ ~ Cll
Cll (1
~
\0
Vl
-
s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
s s s s s
R
PZ
PZ
PC
I
I
2 2
3 3 2 3 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2
2 3 2 3 2 2 2 2
4 2 2
3
4
V
I
T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T
C
T
T
VL
I
I
I I
I I I I I I I I I I I I
I
I I
2
2 5 3
4 4
6 2
N
I
------
-
Hmax
30.00
I
-
I
5.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 5.0 3.0 3.0 2.0 3.0 5.0 3.0
4.0 5.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 3.0 4.0 4.0
4.0
4.0 4.0 6.0 4.0 2.0
I
- -
------
Mt
I
-
7.0 7.7
6.6 6.6
7.2 7.7 6.7 6.0 5.6 6.6 6.3 6.5 6.3
Ms 6.9
I
------
------
---
IO
70
Dep
I
-
I.80
7.30
I6.30 I0.05
I5.70
I5.30 I8.IO
I3.30 I4.70
I
I5.50 14.40 I4.40
I4.20
27.IO
25.40
25.00
21.00 27.IO 20.30 Long 28.40 25.50
21.00
25.80
25.50
28.IO
I
-
-----
-----
Lat
35.50 38.40 37.60 38.40 38.10 36.40 39.00
38.83 38.30 37.60 42.60 36.40 40.80 38.30
43.30 35.50 46.25 35.50 44.60 41.80 40.50 44.00 40.80
40.80
40.80
I
El El
LS
LS
WI
HA WI
HA HA CA WI CA
GV
HA NE
NE AS CA
CA
GV
SM
AM AM
SM
WG
WG
WG
Zone
DL,GV
I
- -
-
------
- - -
Sc
I
---
--
------
- -
-
-
-
Mn
I
------
-
I5
20
23
Hr
I
-
- - -
5 5
6 7
5
I7 IO
I4
I4
I9
30
29 22
20 20
27 30 25
26
30
26
Day
I
I
- - I
---
7
4 8 7
4 9 4 3
4 5 5 3 9
3 7 9 7 4
9
9 3
I I I II
I I I 8
12
10
Mon
I
I66I
I638
I650
I629 I667 1667 I633 1668
I6I2 I646 I613 I646 I622 I624 I627 I562 I564 1631 I594 I60I I636 I609 I509
I5II 1649 I534 I538 I546
Year ~ ~
~
N
......
1.0
0'1
s s s s s s s
s s s s s s s s R s s
s s s s s s s s
s s s
1
1 3 3 2 2 1 3 2
2
2 2 2
3 2 2 1 1 2 1
2
2
2
2
2 2 2
T T T
T T
v T
T
T
T
u v T u v T v T T
T
T
T u
T
u u
1 1
1
1
- 1
1 5 1
5 2 - 1
5 - 1
3 -
-
1
1
1 - 2
4 3
10
------
-
-
------
--
-- --
2.0
3.0 3.0
3.0 4.0
3.0 3.0
3.0 3.0
4.0 3.0 3.0 2.0
3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.0
3.0
4.0 2.0
--
- -
- ---
- - -
-
-
---
--
-
--
--
7.0
6.5
7.7
6.9
------
------
-- --
-- ---
--- -
-----
----
8.80
1.55
12.80
15.00 15.60 14.15
13.30
13.40 13.00 26.00 15.50
26.90 10.20
20.50
20.00
20.30
-----
--
------
----
-
------
38.40 40.00 44.00 37.20
40.80 40.70 47.43 42.40 38.20 44.20
38.50
37.50
39.50 43.50
41.50 39.00
El
El
El
LS
WI
WI LS
WI WI WI WI WI AS WI LS CA WI SP CA AS WI
CA WI
CA
AM
WG
WG
------
-
-
--
------
5
45
45
30
------
--
------
------
3
11
17 10
17
21 21
21
23
------
----
2
14
10 11
14
16
19
30 24 21 20 28
23 20
20
-
1
1
---
1 7 8 7 1 5 5 2 3 2 2 4 4 9 8 7 6 7 4 3 2 3 3 9 1 4 2
3 2
11
11
1672 1703 1672 1694 1707 1682 1698 1688 1699 1672 1690 1703 1693
1707 1714 1726 1742 1719 1727 1721 1730 1723 1731 1743 1723 1732
1742 1742
Year Year R 1748 ------s 1750 12 17 -- - DL 12.30 -- - 4.0 - 1 s 1751 11 21 10 45 - LS 44.20 9.20 -- - 3.0 - 1 T 2 s 1752 7 21 -- - NE - -- 7.0 - 3.0 - 1 T 2 s 1756 10 22 15 30 - El 37.70 22.80 - 7.0 - 4.0 - 1 T 1 s 1759 10 30 - -- NE 32.92 35.07 -- - 4.0 8.00 1 T 2 1760 6 16 16 -- WI ---- - 3.0 -- 1 T 1 s 1766 5 22 5 30 - SM 40.80 29.00 - 6.5 - 2.0 - 1 T 2 s t: 1773 5 6 - -- AF ------u 2 s ~ 1774 7 24 LS - 3.0 u 1 s ------~ 1774 9 24 - -- SP ------u 1 s 1775 10 22 -- - LS ------TI 1 s ~ 1783 2 5 12 30 - CA 38.40 15.80 l3 - - 5.0 - 14 T 4 s 1783 2 6 1 6 CA 38.40 15.80 6.0 14 TL 4 - -- - - s ~.... 1783 2 7 l3 20 - CA 38.36 16.15 6 - - 2.0 -- T 1 s 0 1783 3 1 1 30 - CA 38.46 16.18 -- - 3.0 -- T 2 s ~ 1783 3 28 1 15 - CA 38.80 16.50 18 - --- 1 T 0 s (=) 1784 1 7 --- CA 38.10 15.30 - - - 5.0 - 1 T 3 s tr1 1784 1 19 --- CA 38.15 15.45 - - - 3.0 - 3 T 2 s 1790 10 9 AF - 4.0 2 T 3 ~ ------s Cll 1791 11 2 21 -- WG 37.80 21.00 - 7.0 - 3.0 - 3 T 2 s 1794 --- - - I::G 38.30 22.40. - 6.7. ---- v 0 PZ 1802 1 4 7 -- DL 45.30 14.40 -- - 3.0 - 4 T 2 s 1802 ll 7 10 45 - AF 36.50 2.90 -- - 2.0 - 1 T 3 s 1804 6 8 --- WG 38.30 21.80 - 6.7 - 3.0 - 1 T 2 s 1804 7 31 22 -- WI ---- - 3.0 - 2 u 2 s 1805 7 26 20 57 - WI 41.40 14.50 -- - 2.0 - 1 T 2 s .... 1806 8 26 l3 20 - WI 41.70 12.70 -- - 2.0 - 3 u 2 s 1.0 -..J ><
N
~
\0
00 .....
s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
PZ
I I I
2 3 2 2 0 2 2 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 3 2
2
2
T T
T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T
T
u u
I I
I I I I I I I I I I I
2
3 2
2 2 3 2 3
2
- - --
------
-
- -
1.0
3.0
3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 5.0 3.0 2.0 4.0 2.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0
4.0 4.0
------
-
------
7.3
6.4
6.6 6.8
6.5 6.8 7.I
-- -- -
------
------
--
--
---
7.80
9.20
8.00
8.00
7.20
I2.30 I7.00
I4.25
I4.80 19.90
I5.00
I0.40
13.00 I4.00
13.00
20.75
24.30
36.00
20.80
2l.l0 21.30 22.IO
- ---
---
-
-
37.05 39.00
38.75 43.80
40.40 37.45 36.00 38.30 43.80 44.80 38.80 41.10
37.70 37.80 38.30
37.60 43.70
37.50 43.80 44.75
44.80 40.00
El
LS
LS
DL DL LS
LS
AL LS LS
LS
NE
NE
CA CA
WI
CA
CA
EG
CA
CA
SM
WG
WG
WG WG
WG
-
- -
- - -
------
- - -
- -
- -
- -
- -
-
------
-
I5
II
IO
30
20
37 45
30
30
30
45
------
-
- I ------
0
8
3
II
I7
II
13 II I8
I9
20
--
--
2
9
9
I8
I9
I8
IO
I7
I7 I4
13
26
23
23 29
20
23 20
23
20
I
I
I 8
I I 9
I
5 7 3 8 I
5
8
3 8 7 3
3
8 3 5
7 4 5 2 2
IO
IO
I2
I2
I83I I83I I832
I825 I826 I828 I829
I822 I822 I823 1833 I823 I823 I820 I820 I820 I82I I822
I8I8
I8I8 I8I9
I8I7 I8I7 I8I8
I8I8
I808 I809 I813
Year Year I Moo I Day I Hr I Mn I Sc I Zone I Lat I Long I Dep I Ms I Mt I I I H_,. I N I C I V I R 1835 7 12 -- - WG -- - - - 2.0 - 1 u 2 s 1836 4 24 16 15 - CA 39.60 16.60 -- - 4.0 - 3 T 3 s 1838 8 10 20 30 - DL 45.30 14.50 --- 3.0 - 1 T 2 s 1843 9 14 10 30 - DL 42.60 18.10 - 6.5 - 4.0 - 2 T 2 s 1843 10 18 --- HA 36.30 27.60 - 6.5 - 4.0 - 2 T 2 s 1844 3 3 18 25 - DL - ---- 3.0 - 1 T 2 s 1844 3 22 10 13 - DL 43.40 16.70 --- 2.0 - 1 T 2 s 1845 6 18 - -- CA 36.40 13.44 ------T 1 s t: 1845 8 16 16 38 - DL - ---- 3.0 - 1 T 1 s ~ 1846 7 25 17 30 AM 3.0 1 T 2 s ------~ 1846 8 14 12 53 - LS 43.40 10.60 5 6.1 - 3.0 - 2 T 3 s 1846 8 26 17 23 - LS 43.50 10.50 --- 4.0 - 1 u 3 s 1846 12 3 -- - LS 43.30 10.70 --- 3.0 - 2 T 2 s 1847 8 26 --- WI ----- 2.0 - 1 u 2 s 1851 2 28 14 58 - AM 36.50 28.70 - 7.2 - 3.0 0.90 1 T 3 s ~ 1851 4 3 17 AM - 3.0 1 u 3 s ------~ 1851 5 23 --- HA - - --- 2.0 - - u 2 s (") 1851 7 28 18 33 - LS 43.75 10.30 - 4.1 - 2.0 - 1 T 1 s 1851 10 12 7 - - AL 40.70 19.70 - 6.6 - 3.0 0.60 1 T 2 s 1852 2 2 7 30 - LS ----- 3.0 - 1 v 2 s 1852 5 12 2 -- AM - ---- 3.0 - 1 u 2 s i 1852 9 8 22 30 - AM -- --- 3.0 - 1 u 2 s 1853 8 18 8 30 - EG 38.30 23.40 - 7.0 - 3.0 - 1 T 2 s 1853 12 11 16 15 - DL ----- 3.0 - 1 T 1 s 1854 2 29 --- LS ------u 2 s 1854 12 29 2 45 - LS 43.70 7.80 ----- 4 v 2 s 1855 5 18 14 - - LS -- -- - 3.0 -- u 2 s 1856 8 21 11 50 - AF 37.10 5.70 --- 4.0 - 4 T 3 s \0 -\0
~ ~
~ ~
N N
~ ~
0 0
0 0
N N
! !
s s
s s
s s
s s
s s
s s
s s
s s
s s
s s
s s
s s
s s
s s
s s
s s
s s
s s
s s
s s
s s
s s
s s
s s
s s
R R
PZ PZ
I I
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
3 3
1 1
1 1
2 2
1 1
2 2
1 1
2 2
2 2
2 2
3 3
2 2
2 2 3 3
4 4
3 3
2 2
3 3
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
3 3
3 3
V V
I I
T T
T T
T T
T T
T T
T T
T T
T T
T T
T T
T T
T T
T T
u u
T T
T T
T T
T T
T T
u u
T T
T T
u u
T T
u u
C C
TV TV
TL TL
TV TV
I I
1 1
1 1
-
-
-
-
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
-
1 1
-
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
-
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
N N
10 10
20 20
I I
-
-
-
-
-
- -
-
- -
-
- -
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8.60 8.60
2.10 2.10
Hma• Hma•
I I
- ---
-
-
---
I I
3.0 3.0
3.0 3.0
2.0 2.0
3.0 3.0
4.0 4.0
2.0 2.0
2.0 2.0
3.0 3.0
3.0 3.0
3.0 3.0
3.0 3.0
4.0 4.0
3.0 3.0
4.0 4.0
3.0 3.0
4.0 4.0
4.0 4.0
2.0 2.0
3.0 3.0
3.0 3.0
I I
-
-
-
- -
-
-
-
-
- -
-
---
-
-
- -
-
Mt Mt
I I
--
----
--
-
--
----
--
7.2 7.2
6.9 6.9
7.1 7.1
7.0 7.0
7.4 7.4
5.5 5.5
6.3 6.3
6.3 6.3
6.8 6.8
6.8 6.8
8.3 8.3 6.5 6.5
7.8 7.8
7.3 7.3
6.3 6.3
6.6 6.6
Ms Ms
I I
\ \
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- -
--
-
-
-
- -' -'
-
-
- -
-
---
Dep Dep
I I
----
---
--
-
--
--
5.70 5.70
5.70 5.70
19.50 19.50
29.60 29.60
20.70 20.70
19.50 19.50
22.20 22.20
26.40 26.40
20.52 20.52
23.00 23.00
26.30 26.30
28.30 28.30
28.00 28.00
22.30 22.30
22.20 22.20
25.90 25.90
29.00 29.00
26.20 26.20
26.00 26.00
Long Long
I I
-----
-
-
-
---
---
-
-
-
Lat Lat
32.20 32.20
38.80 38.80
36.40 36.40
39.20 39.20
38.39 38.39
36.00 36.00
38.30 38.30
38.30 38.30
40.50 40.50
36.50 36.50
38.30 38.30
38.20 38.20
38.40 38.40
40.40 40.40
35.50 35.50
37.10 37.10
40.00 40.00
40.20 40.20
37.10 37.10
I I
HA HA
AS AS
CA CA
HA HA AL AL
AL AL
AL AL
AS AS
HA HA
AL AL
AL AL
AM AM AS AS
AS AS
HA HA
EG EG
HA HA AF AF
AS AS
AS AS
AF AF
WG WG
WG WG
WG WG
WG WG
SM SM
WG WG
WG WG
Zone Zone
I I
- -
-
-
-
-
- -
-
- -
-
-
-
-
-
-
- -
-
-
Sc Sc
I I
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
--
--
-
10 10
15 15
45 45
30 30
15 15
30 30
45 45
30 30
45 45
55 55
45 45
40 40
45 45
Mn Mn
I I
---
-
- --
3 3
---
-
---
2 2
-
--
6 6
0 0
18 18
18 18
18 18
18 18
21 21
12 12
13 13
11 11
20 20
11 11
11 11
22 22
21 21
Hr Hr
I I
-
5 5
4 4
2 2
6 6
2 2
19 19
24 24
28 28
13 13
19 19
20 20
17 17
13 13
12 12
22 22 22
26 26
20 20
21 21
22 22
21 21
Day Day
I I
6 6
9 9 9
9 9
1 1
1 1 6
9 9
3 3 7
1 1
2 2 4
1 1 1 8
3 3
3 3 6
2 2
3 3 3
2 2
8 8
3 3
12 12
8 8
8 8
11 11
9 9
10 10
10 10
12 12
10 10
11 11
10 10
Moo Moo
I I
1870 1870
1869 1869
1869 1869
1868 1868
1867 1867
1867 1867
1867 1867
1867 1867
1866 1866
1867 1867
1866 1866
1866 1866
1866 1866
1866 1866
1866 1866
1866 1866
1866 1866
1866 1866
1863 1863
1862 1862
1861 1861
1859 1859
1859 1859
1857 1857
1856 1856
1856 1856
1856 1856
1856 1856 Year Year Year I Mon I Day I Hr I Mn I Sc I Zone I Lat I Long I Dep I Ms I Mt I I I Hmu I N I C I V I R 1870 7 29 18 45 - DL --- -- 3.0 - 1 T 2 s 1870 8 1 2 40 - WG 38.40 22.50 - 7.0 - 4.0 - 1 T 2 s 1870 8 6 -- - DL ------T 3 s 1870 10 28 9 45 - CA 39.28 16.28 -- - 3.0 - 2 T 1 s 1870 11 . 2 3 30 - CA ------T 2 s 1871 1 17 --- LS ----- 3.0 - 1 u 1 s 1871 10 5 --- WG ------u 3 s 1873 10 25 22 38 - WG 38.00 22.30 ---- - 1 v 0 s t:: til 1875 3 18 00 51 - El 44.12 12.24 --- 4.0 - 4 T 2 s ...., 1876 12 23 LS 3.0 1 u 3 s ------~ 1878 4 19 10 15 - SM 40.80 29.00 - 6.7 - 3.0 - 1 T 1 s 1879 7 29 ------3.0 -- u 1 1880 4 26 7 45 - CA 37.27 14.68 --- 3.0 - 1 T 1 1880 9 2 -- - WG ------T 1 s 1881 4 3 -- - AS 38.20 26.10 - 6.5 - 2.0 - 1 u 1 PZ I 1881 12 --- - WG ------u 1 s 1883 6 27 - - - WG 39.50 20.00 -- - 3.0 - 1 T 2 s ~ 1885 I 16 8 -- LS ----- 4.0 - 1 u 3 s 1886 8 27 21 32 - WG 37.10 21.40 - 7.5 - 3.0 - 2 T 3 s 1887 2 23 6 20 LS 43.70 8.10 3.0 3 T 3 - -- - - s ~ 1887 10 4 22 53 - WG 38.30 22.80 - 6.2 - 3.0 - 2 T 2 s 1888 7 30 8 27 - LS - -- -- 3.0 - 1 T 2 s 1889 12 8 5 15 - El 42.03 15.30 -- - 2.0 - 1 T 1 s 1891 1 15 3 55 - AF 36.50 1.80 --- 4.0 - 2 T 2 s 1892 11 15 11 20 - WI 40.54 13.00 ------T 1 s 1893 2 9 18 -- AS 40.50 25.50 - 6.5 - 3.0 1.00 3 T 3 s 1893 6 14 --- AL ----- 3.0 - 1 T 2 s N 1894 4 27 19 42 EG 38.70 23.10 7.0 4.0 3.00 3 TL 3 s 0 - - - .... x
N
N
0 N
I
s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
R s s s s s
------
1 1 1
2 1 2 2 2
3 2 4 3 2 2 2 2 2
4 0 2 4 2
3 3 4
--·
T T T T T T T T T I T T T T T u v T T
T T u T v T v
M
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 - 1 I 1 - - - I - - 1 2
2
2
3
3 2
12
44
------
-·
------
1.50
0.75
0.50
11.00 11.70
-----
-
-
3.0 2.0 2.0 3.0
3.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 3.0 3.0 6.0 2.0 4.0 0.0 5.0 3.0 4.0 4.0 2.0
3.0
-
------
- - -
- --
6.6 6.6
5.9 7.0 6.3 7.6 6.7
5.6 6.3 6.1 6.3 6.0 6.5
-
------
---
9
10
10 14
------10
100
---
----
- -
8.10
12.20 15.90
16.10
15.70 10.20 16.10 15.60 12.35 15.20 15.20
14.70 21.00
21.60 23.40
20.60 20.70 27.20 20.10
20.00 27.40 23.00
- - -
-
37.80
37.20
41.70 37.80 43.70 38.80 40.80 38.20
38.80 38.00 38.80 38.50 43.50
37.60 41.23 37.90 40.60 40.30 38.80 41.10 38.10
LS
LS WI
AF
CA WI
WI AL AL CA NG CA AF CA CA CA CA CA
CA EG
SM
AM WG WG
WG WG
------
-
3-0
30-0
46-0
20-0
46-0
47-0
- -
1
4
15
52 56 13 50 28 20 56 21 30 28 43 22
47
29
43
---
- -
------5
7 6
5 3 0
6 6 4 2
2
0
18 14
17 15
18
21
20
1
5 3
4
9
16
16 13
15
18 22 11 17
23 22 27 28 22 26
31 22
-----1
I -----
7 5 9 8 2
8 7 7 4 8 5 5 4 8
3 4
11 10 12 11
12 II
10 10
II 12
1894 1898 1895 1894 1899 1896 1894 1902 1903 1906 1905 1914 1905 1919 1920 1916 1928 1907 1914 1920 1919 1928 1908 1925 1915 1912 1926
Year
(1897?) Year R 1928 - - - - s 1928 5 21 54 32-0 NG 40.80 26.80 - 6.2 - 2.0 1.00 1 T 2 s 1930 9 11 9 52 - CA 38.80 15.20 --- 0.0 - 1 v 3 s 1932 5 7 --- CA ------M 3 s 1932 9 26 19 20 42-0 NG 40.50 23.90 40 7.0 - 3.0 1.00 1 T 4 s 1933 4 23 5 57 35-0 AS 36.70 27.20 50 6.4 - 2.0 - 1 T 2 s 1937 7 20 7 1 - DL 43.20 16.40 - 5.2 -- -- T 3 s 1939 1 27 20 10 15-0 CA 38.50 14.70 15 -- 2.0 - 1 v 1 s t: 1940 1 15 13 19 24-0 CA 38.10 13.50 15 -- 3.0 - 1 T 2 s ~ 1941 3 16 18 48 5-0 CA 38.30 12.20 85 6.2 - 2.0 1 T 2 s - ~ 1945 ll 27 21 56 - 24.50 63.00 25 8.3 - 0.0 15.20 5 T 4 1947 10 6 19 55 34-0 WG 36.90 22.00 - 7.0 - 2.0 - 1 TL 3 s 1948 2 9 12 58 13-0 HA 35.50 27.20 16 7.1 - 4.0 2.50 1 T 4 s 1948 4 22 10 42 43-0 WG 38.70 20.50 8 6.5 - 4.0 1.00 2 T 3 s 1949 2 9 13 28 30-0 WG 38.20 20.00 15 -- 0.0 -- T 1 1949 7 23 15 3 30-0 AS 38.60 26.30 25 6.7 - 2.0 0.70 1 T 3 s 1953 8 12 9 23 49-0 WG 38.30 20.80 - 7.2 - 6.0 - 1 TL 2 s 1953 9 10 4 6 3-0 IC 34.80 32.00 6.5 - 2.0 1 T 3 s I - - 1954 9 9 1 4 47-0 AF 36.30 1.50 5 6.7 - 2.0 - 4 T 4 s 1956 7 9 5 12 - AS 36.70 25.80 20 7.8 6.0 30.00 39 T 4 ; - s Cll 1956 7 9 5 24 3-0 AS 36.60 25.70 - 6.9 - 5.0 10.00 1 T 2 s 1956 11 2 16 4 33-0 EG 39.30 23.10 - 5.6 - 2.0 1.00 1 T 3 s 1959 2 23 -- - AS 40.63 22.97 --- 3.0 1.00 4 u 2 s 1961 5 23 2 45 - AM 36.70 28.50 - 6.5 - 2.0 - 1 u 3 s 1961 6 6 -- - AS - --- - 2.0 0.90 3 T 2 s 1963 2 7 21 28 - WG - -- - - 5.0 -- L 3 s 1965 7 6 3 18 42-0 WG 38.40 22.40 18 6.3 - 2.0 - 1 T 2 s N 1968 2 19 22 45 42-0 AS 39.40 24.90 7 7.1 - 3.0 1.20 3 T 3 s 0 VJ
~ ~
~ ~
N N
~ ~
N N
~ ~
I I
I I
s s
s s
s s
s s
s s
s s
s s
s s
s s
R R
PD PD
TN TN
I I
within within
1 1
3 3
2 2 3 3
2 2 3 3
4 4
4 4
4 4
4 4
2 2
2 2
4 4
4 4
Sea Sea
V V
I I
T T
L L
T T
T T
T T
T T
T T
T T
T T
T T
district district
T T
u u
C C
u u
M? M?
I I
Italy; Italy;
Tyrrhenian Tyrrhenian
-
1 1
1 1 - -
-
-
- -
-
1 1
6 6
3 3
N N
of of
the the
Calabria Calabria
I I
Sicily; Sicily;
by by
coast coast
the the
-
-
-
-
- -
--
Croatia; Croatia;
-
of of
2.00 2.00
3.00 3.00
0.70 0.70
0.06 0.06
Hmu Hmu
of of
I I
i.e. i.e.
washed washed
Ionian) Ionian)
and and
Island Island
- --
--
- -
-
-
I I
1.0 1.0
2.0 2.0
2.0 2.0
2.0 2.0
6.0 6.0
5.0 5.0
5.0 5.0
Arc, Arc,
Africa. Africa.
the the
I I
and and
Italy, Italy,
of of
and and
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Mt Mt
Island Island
Sea; Sea;
I I
Spain; Spain;
northern northern
Albania; Albania;
Montenegro Montenegro
coast coast
Italy Italy
Venice; Venice;
(Adriatic (Adriatic
of of
of of
of of
of of
of of
-
-
--
7.4 7.4
6.3 6.3
6.1 6.1
7.0 7.0
6.7 6.7
7.1 7.1
6.5 6.5
Ms Ms
Calabrian Calabrian
Ligurian Ligurian
I I coast coast
coast coast
eastern eastern
Gulf Gulf
coast coast
coast coast western western
the the
the the
the the
the the
the the
continental continental
the the
the the
the the
the the
-
---
---
-
-
-
5 5
5 5
4 4
14 14
10 10
16 16
- -
- -
-
-
-
-
-
Dep Dep
I I
-
-
-
El El
LS LS
WI WI
SP SP
AF AF
CA CA
AL AL
GV GV
1.40 1.40
2.44 2.44
Notations: Notations:
19.00 19.00
29.84 29.84
22.10 22.10
22.27 22.27
24.80 24.80
22.80 22.80
23.20 23.20
Long Long
I I
of of
and and
-
-
-----
-
----
Lat Lat
List List
38.40 38.40
40.69 40.69
38.40 38.40
40.10 40.10
36.78 36.78
38.10 38.10
36.20 36.20
42.00 42.00
40.80 40.80
I I
El El
LS LS
DL DL
DL DL
AF AF
AF AF
AS AS
AS AS
SM SM
Bosporus Bosporus
NG NG
WG WG
WG WG
WG WG
Zone Zone
Minor; Minor;
I I
Greece; Greece;
the the
Asia Asia
-
-
-
- -
-
-
-
Sc Sc
of of
37-0 37-0
48-6 48-6
I I
East; East;
Greece; Greece;
northern northern
Greece; Greece;
Arc; Arc;
coast coast
--
-
-
-
-
3 3
15 15
of of
53 53
25 25
20 20
30 30
Mn Mn
Marmara, Marmara,
Near Near
I I
Cyprus; Cyprus;
Island Island
Straits; Straits;
western western
the the
eastern eastern
Sea; Sea;
coast coast
of of
-
-
---
-
---
-
---
of of
0 0
8 8
4 4
12 12
20 20
20 20
of of
of of
of of
Hr Hr
I I
Sea Sea
coast coast
Island Island
Aegean Aegean
Mediterranean Mediterranean
coast coast
Hellenic Hellenic
Aegean Aegean
coast coast
1 1
8 8
7 7
7 7
17 17
15 15
10 10
16 16 14
15 15
29 29
24 24
22 22
21 21
20 20
Day Day
the the Dardanelles Dardanelles
the the
the the
the the
the the
the the
the the
the the
the the
I I
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1 1
8 8
6 6 5 5
8 8
2 2
6 6
4 4
4 4
6 6
6 6
10 10
10 10
10 10
Moo Moo
I I
IC IC
NE NE
HA HA
AS AS
EG EG
NG NG
AM AM
SM SM
WG WG
1999 1999
1996 1996
1995 1995
1991 1991
1989 1989
1983 1983
1981 1981
1980 1980
1979 1979
1979 1979
1979 1979
1978 1978
1978 1978
1978 1978 Year Year Note: Sign '-' in all columns means that this parameter is not available
EVENT DATE (in GMT): C - cause of the tsunami: L = landslide (subaerial or submarine) year- year M = meteorological mo - month (from 0 to 12) A = astronomical tide t:: day - day (from 1 to 31) til T = tectonic (earthquake) ~ hr - hour {from 0 to 23) V = volcanic (volcanic eruption) ~ min - minute (from 0 to 59) U = unknown sec - second (from 0.0 to 59.9) SOURCE LOCATION: V - validity of the event: 4 = definite tsunami (probability approximately 1.0) lat - latitude in south latitude) ('-'for 3 = probable tsunami (probability approximately 0.75) long - longitude ( for west longitude) '-' 2 = questionable tsunami (probability approximately I dep - source depth (in km) ~ 0.50) () MAGNITUDES: 1 = very doubtful tsunami (probability approximately ttl 0.25) Ms - surface-wave magnitude 0 = false entry (probability close to 0.00) ~ Mt - Abe's tsunami magnitude [Abe, 1973] til PARAMETERS OF TSUNAMI: R - main reference for the event S = Soloviev, et al., 1997 I - tsunami intensity on Sieberg - Ambraseys-scale PC= Papadopoulos and Chalkis, 1984 [Ambraseys,1965a], and Soloviev [1972] TN= ITIC Tsunami Newsletter, 1977-1997 Hmu - maximum run-up height above mean sea level (in m) PZ = Papazachos and Papazachou, 1997 N - number of available run-up measurements IV 0 VI APENDIX3
EQUIVALENTS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM UNITS TO UNITS OF OTHER COUNTRIES AND TO EXTRA-SYSTEM UNITS
England Spain
English Units International Units Spanish Units~ International Units
I Inch (in) 2.54 centimeters (em) I pie 33.0 centimeters (em) ...... I Foot (ft) = 12 in I30.48 centimeters (em) I vara I 83,5 centimeters (em) ····~··;:~·~;~;····~·-··;·~·-··r~·;·.~···~~~~;:~~~~~-~~:; ····~--~~~~··········r···-~·~;·:~ .. ·····~~~~;:~~~~~-~~:;·
I ~;~~;~ ~>~ ~~~~~ ;~~~:.~~~i I ;:~,~ ~;~i~~~~ :~~~:(~i I Chain ( ch) i 1 legua i postal . 4000 meters (m) Geodesic = 66ft ! 20.12 meters (m) i Engeneer's =100ft i 30.48 meters (m) nautical i 5555 meters (m) ...... !...... statute i 5572 meters (m) France
1 Mile (INM) French International Units Units (Nautical)= 6 076 ft 1 852 meters (m) 1 pouce 2.55 centimeters (em) ···············································~ ·············································· ···························-~·-····················································· 3 :::(ml) ~ 5 280ft II 609 m~= (m) ; ::, j 1:2 -:=:;::=;=: ···············································~·-············································· ···························-~·-····················································· 1 Acre (a) i 0,405 hectars (ha) 1 toise i 1.945 meters (m) I .... i"iie~~ ...... J......
~------~------~ nautical 5555 meters (m) Germany land 4000 meters (m) German Units International Units I Faden 182.9- centimeters (em) 213.3
206 REFERENCES
Abe, T. (1973) Tsunami and mechanism of great earthquakes. Phys. Earth & Planet. Inter., 7, 2, 143-153. Ambraseys, N.N. (1960) The seismic sea wave of July 9, 1956 in the Greek Archipelago, J Geophys. Res., 65, (4), 1257-1265. Ambraseys, N.N. (1961) On the seismicity of South-West Asia, Rev. Etude Calamites, Geneve, 37, 18-30. Ambraseys, N.N. (1962) Data for the investigation of seismic sea-waves in the Eastern Mediterranean, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 52, (4), 895-913. Ambraseys, N.N. (1965a) Data for the investigation of seismic sea-waves in Europe, Europ. Seism. Comm., Proc. Budapest Meet., 7-13 Sept., 1964, Seismicity of Europe, IUGG. Monographie, No 29, Paris, 78-81. Ambraseys, N.N. (1965b) The seismic history of Cyprus, Rev. Union Int. Secours, March, (3), 25-48. Ambraseys, N.N. (198la) Le tremblement de terre d'El-Asnam du 10.10.80, Actes des Journees Scientifiques sur le seisme d'El-Asnam du 10.10.80, Alger, 14-21. Ambraseys, N.N. (198lb) The El-Asnam (Algeria) earthquake of 10 October 1980: Conclusions drawn from a field study,Am. J. Eng. Geol., 14, Part 2, 143-148. Ambraseys, N.N. (1982) The seismicity of North Africa: The earthquake of 1856 at Jijeli, Algeria, Boll. Geofis. Teor. Appl., 24, (93), 31-37. Ambraseys, N.N., and Finkel, C.F. (1987) The Saros-Marmara earthquake of 9 August 1912, Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 15, 189-211. Ambraseys, N.N., and Vogt, J. (1988) Material for the investigation of the seismicity of the region of Algiers, Europ. Earthq. Eng., 3, 16-29. Amokrane, M., Bedouchene, F., Benzerga, Z., et autres (1981) Le seisme d'Ech-Chelif du 10.10.1980 et sa relation avec le tectonique. Actes des Journees Scientifiques sur le seisme d'El-Asnam du 10.10.80, Alger, 56-64. Annotated Bibliography on Tsunami (1964) IUGG. Monographie, No 27, Paris, 249 p. Antonopoulos, J. (1979) Catalogue of tsunamis in the Eastern Mediterranean from antiquity to present time, Ann. Geofis., 32, 113-130. Antonopoulos, J. (1980a) Data from investigation on seismic sea-waves events in the Eastern Mediterranean from the birth of Christ to 1980 A.D., Ann. Geofis., 33, (1 ), 141-248. Antonopoulos, J. (1980b) Data from investigation on seismic sea waves events in the Eastern Mediterranean from antiquity to 500 A.D., Tsunami Newsletter XIII, (3), 27-37. Antonopoulos, J. (1990) Data for investigating tsunami activity in the Mediterranean Sea, Science Tsunami Hazards, 8, (1), 39-52. Antonopoulos, J. ( 1992) The Great Minoan eruption of Thera Volcano and the ensuing tsunami in the Greek Archipelago, Natural Hazards, 5, (2), 153-168. Baratta, M. (1894) II terremoto garganico del 1627, Boll. Soc. Geograf., Roma, Ser.III, 7, 399- 415. Baratta, M. (1897) Ancora sui terremoto garganico del 1627, Boll. Soc. Geograf, Roma, Ser.III, 10, 405-414. Baratta, M. ( 190 I) I Terremoti d'Italia, Fratelli Bocca, Torino, 949 p.
207 208 REFERENCES
Baratta, M. (1910) La catastrofe sismica ca1abro-messinese del 28 dicembre 1908, Relaz. Soc. Geograf Roma, (7). Baratta, M. ( 1931) La fatale escursione Vesuviana di Plinio. Athenaeum, Studi periodici di letteratura e storia dell'antichita, Univ. di Pavia. Nuova Serie, 9, (1). Baratta, M. (1936) I terremoti in Italia, R. Ace. Naz. Lincei, Pub/. Comm. Ita/. per lo studio delle grandi calamita. Le Monnier, Firenze, 6, (4), 180. Basili, M., Calio, F., Cipollini, A., de Marco, R., de Simoni, B., Giacalone, P., Giorgetti, E., Marsan, P., Sabetta, F., Sano, T., and Sandona, P. (1979) 11 terremoto del Montenegro del 15 Aprile, Consiglio Superiore Lavori Pub/. Servizio Sismica, 66 p. Bedosti, B., and Caputo, M. (1986) Primo aggiomamento del catalogo dei maremoti delle coste ltaliane, Atti Accad. Naz. Lincei, LXXX, Ser. VIII, 570-584. Belousek, F.A. (1933) Grece. Raz de maree a !'embouchure de Ia riviere Struma, Ann. Commis. Etude Raz de Maree, 3, 61-62. Ben-Menahem, A. (1979) Earthquake catalogue for the Middle East (92 B.C. -1980 A.D.), Boll. Geofis. Teor. App/., 21, (84), 245-313. Berryat, J. (1761) Liste chronologique des eruptions des volcans, des tremblements de terre, etc., Collect. Acad. Partie Etrangere, ed. J. Desaint-Charles Saillant, Paris, 6, 468-675. Bogdanovich, K.J. (1909) Earthquakes in Messina, 28 December, 1908 and San Francisco, 16 apri/1906, O.N. Popova Pub!. House, St. Petersburg, 108 p. (in Russian). Caloi, P., Romualdi, G., and Spadea, M.C. (1970) Caratteristiche sismiche e geodinamiche della val Padana quali risultano dall'attivita sismica ivi verificatasi dall'Inizio dell'Era Volgare a tutto il 1969, Ann. Geofis., Roma, 23, (2, 3), 98, 135. Campos-Romero, M.L. (1989) Sismicidad de Ia costa sudoccidental de Espana. Ana/isis y valoraci6n geografica de los posibles riesgos como consecuencia de los tsunamis en Ia zona, Doctoral Tesis, Univ. Complut. de Madrid, 734-753. Campos-Romero, M.L. (1991) Tsunami hazard on the Spanish coasts of the Iberian Peninsula, Science Tsunami Hazards, 9, (1), 83-90. Capuano, P., De Natale, G., Gasparini, P., Pingue, F., and Scarpa, R., (1988) A model for the 1908 Messina Straits (Italy) earthquake by inversion of levelling data. Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 78, 1930-1947. Caputo, M., and Caputo, R. (1989) Contribution for the study of tectonic activity of the Mediterranean Sea from volcanic activity at sea and new islands emerged in historic times. Science Tsunami Hazards, 7, (2), 79-102. Caputo, M., and Faita, G.F. (1982) Statistical analysis of tsunamis of the Italian coasts, J Geophys. Res., 87, (1), 601-604. Caputo, M., and Faita, G. (1984) Primo catalogo dei maremoti delle coste ltaliane. Atti Accademia Nazionale Lincei, Memorie, Classe Scienze Fisiche, Matematiche, Naturali, XVII, Ser. 7, 213-356. Carpentin (1880) Note on the Earthquakes in Smyrna. Ann. Chimie et Physique, Ser. 5, 21, 300- 338. Carter, H. (1962) Translation of Herodotus, The Historiae ofHerodotus ofHalicarnassus, Oxford Univ. Press, 617 p. Catalogo dei Terremoti 1taliani dali'Anno 1000 al 1980 (1985) Postpischl D. (edt.), Consiglio Naz. Ricerche. Prog. Finalizzato Geodinamica. Bologna, 235 p. Cavasino, A. (1935) I terremoti d'ltalia nel trentacinquennio 1899-1933, Appendice Ser.I/1, Mem. R. Ufficio Central. Meteorol. Geofis., Istit. Poligraf. Stato, Roma, IV. Cazolis, P. (1498) Pilgrimage, Manuscript L-678, Library Trivulziana, Folio 986. REFERENCES 209
Cistemas, A., Dorel, J., and Gaulon, R. (1982) Models of the complex source of the El Asnam earthquake, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 72, (6), 2245-2266. Comninakis, P.E., and Papazachos, B.C. (1982) A Catalogue of Historical Earthquakes in Greece and the Surrounding Area for the period 479 B.C.- 1900 A.D., University of Thessaloniki, Publ. N!! 5, 24 p. Crawley R. (1952) Translation of Thucidides, The History of the Peloponnesian War, Dent., London, 484 p. Critikos, N.A. (1931) Grece. Le mouvement extraordinaire des man~es qui s'est manifeste dans l'Egee, Avril1928, Ann. Commis. Etude Raz de Maree, Paris, 1, 29-40. Dalmacco, F. (1940) Sul terremoto delle Isole Eolie del27 Gennaio 1939, Geofis. Pura Appl. (1). Davison, C. (1936) Great Earthquakes, Thomas Murby, London. Defant, A. (1961) Physical Oceanography, Vol. 2, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 589 p. De Montessus de Ballore, F.J.B.M.B. (1906) La Geographie Sismologique. Les Tremblements de Terre, Armand Colin (ed), Paris, 475 p. De Montessus de Ballore, F.J.B.M.B. (1923) Ethnographie Sismique et Volcanique, Honore Champion, Paris, 206 p. De Montessus de Ballore, F.J.B.M.B. (1924) La Geologie Sismologique Sismologique. Les Tremblements de Terre, Armand Colin, Paris, 488 p. De Panfilis, M., and Marcelli, L. (1968) 11 periodo sismico della Sicilia Occidentale iniziato il 14 Gennaio 1968, Ann. Geofis., Rorna, 21, (4), 343-422. De Sacy, S. (1810) Translation of Abd-Al-Latif: 1220, Relation d'Egypte, suivi de divers extraits d'ecrivains orientaux et d'un etat des provinces et des villages de l'Egypte dans le XIVe siecle, L'lmprimerie Imperiale, Paris, 414-418. Dominey-Howes, D.T.M. (1996a) The geomorphology and sedimentology offive tsunamis in the Aegean Sea region, Greece. Unpublished PhD Thesis, Coventry University, 272 p. Dominey-Howes, D.T.M. (1996b) Sedimentary deposits associated with the July 9, 1956 Aegean Sea tsunami. Phys. Chern. Earth, 21, 51-55. Dominey-Howes, D.T.M., Cundy, A., and Croudace, I. (2000) High ene5gy marine food deposits on Astypalaea Island, Greece: possible evidence for the A.D. 1956 southern Aegean tsunami. Marine Geology, 163,303-315. Diick, J. (1904) Die Erdbeben von Konstantinopol, Die Erdbebenwarte, Laibach, 3, (6), 121-139. Earthquakes in the Aegean Sea (1956) Nature, 178, (4525), 125. Eastman, C.R. (1908) Dates of early Santorin and Ischian eruptions, Science, 27, (700), 855. El-Robrini, M., and Mauffret, A. (1985) Consequences of the El-Asnam earthquakes: Turbidity currents and slumps on the Algerian margin (Western Mediterranean), Geo. Marine Lett., 5, 171-176. Eva, C., and Rabinovich, A.B. (1997) The February 23, 1887 Tsunami recorded on the Ligurian coast, Western Mediterranean, Geophys. Res. Let., 24, (17), 2211-2214. Feliciani, P., and Marcelli, L. (1965) 11 terremoto di Tolmezzo del26 Aprile 1959. I Parte: Venti secoli di storia sismica della regione Camica e dell'Italia Nord-Orientale, Ann. Geofis., Roma, 18, 165-207. Forster, W.G. (1890) Earthquake origin, Trans. Seism. Soc. Japan, 15, 77. Fuchs, C.W. (1886) Statistik der Erdbeben von 1865 his 1885, Acad. Wissenschaflen, Wien, 92, (3), 215-625. Galanopoulos, A. (1938) La Sismicite de l'Achaie et des regions voisines de Missolonghi et de Naupacte, Gerl. Beitr. Geophys., Leipzig, 53, (1-3), 203-235. Galanopoulos, A. (1940) Die Seismizitiit von Elis, Gerl. Beitr. Geophys., Leipzig, 56, (1), 92-107. 210 REFERENCES
Galanopoulos, A. (1949) The Koroni (Messinia) earthquake of October 6, 1947, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 39, (1}, 33-39. Galanopoulos, A. (1952) Die Seismizitlit der Insel Leukas, Allgemeine Historische Verbericht. Gerl. Beitr. Geophys., Leipzig, 62, (4}, 256-263. Galanopoulos, A. (1953) Die Seismizitllt der Insel Leukas (II. Die Erdbeben von 22 April und 30 Juni 1948}, Gerl. Beitr. Geophys., Leipzig, 63, (1}, 1-15. Galanopoulos, A. (1954) Die Seismizitllt der Insel Chios, Gerl. Beitr. Geophys., Leipzig, 65, (4), 253-264. Galanopoulos, A. (1955) Earthquake geography of Greece, Ann. Geolog. Pays Hel/eniques, Athens, 6 (in Greek). Galanopoulos, A. (1957a) Zur Bestimmung des Alters der Santorin-Kaldera, Neues Jb. Geol. Palaeontol. Mh., Stuttgart, 9, 419. Galanopoulos, A. (1957b) The seismic sea wave of July 9, 1956, Prak. Akad. Athens, 32, 90-101 (in Greek). Galanopou1os, A. (1960a) A catalog of shocks in Greece with intensity I> VI or magnitude M > 5 for the years 1801-1958, Seism. Lab. Rep., Athens Univ., 119 p. Galanopoulos, A. ( 1960b) Tsunamis observed on the coasts of Greece from antiquity to present time, Ann. Geofis., Rome, 13, (3-4}, 369-386. Galanopoulos, A. ( 1961) A catalog ofshocks in Greece with intensity I > 7 for the years prior to 1800, Seism. Lab. Rep., Athens.Univ., 19 p. Galanopou1os, A., and Bacon, E. (1969) Atlantis: The Truth behind the Legend, Thomas Nelson and Sons Ltd., London, 15 p. Galanopoulos, A.A., Comninakis, P., and Delibasis, N. (1964) Tsunami generated by an earth slump set in motion without shock, Ann. Geol. Pays Helleniques, Athens. Genessaux, M., Mauffret, A., and Pautot, G. (1980) Les glissements sous-marins de Ia pente continentale et la rupture des cables en Mer Ligure (Mediterranee occidentale), Acad. Sci. Paris, 240, ser. D, 14 Avril, 958-962. Gentile, G., Renner, G., Riggio, A.M., Slejko, D., and Zacchigna, M. (1984) II terremoto del 26 Marzo 1511 nelle Alpi Orientali, Atti del Convegno Finalita ed Esperienze della Rete Sismometrica del Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Trieste, 231-243. Gius, M. (I 933) Italie, Maree de tempete, Ann. Commis. Etude de Raz de Maree, Paris, 3, 66-70. Gorky M. (1909) The Earthquake in Calabria and Sicily 15128 December 1908, Tov. Znanie Pub!. House, St. Petersburg, 1-141 (in Russian). Grablowitz, G. (1903) Remarks about the earthquake observation service on the Island of Ischia, Die Erdbebenwarte, Laibach, Germany, 3, (1}, 1. Grandazzi, M. (1954) Earthquakes in the Ionian Islands in August 1953, Ann. Geograf (340), 450. Guidoboni, E., and Tinti, S. (1988) A review of the historical 1627 tsunami in the Southern Adriatic, Science Tsunami Hazards, 6, (1), 11-16. Guidoboni, E., and Tinti, S. (1989) The largest historical tsunamis in the Northern Adriatic Sea: A Critical Review, Science Tsunami Hazards, 7, (1}, 45-54. Hamilton, W. (1783) An account of the earthquakes which happened in Italy from February to May 1783, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, 73, 169. Heck, N. (1947) List of seismic sea waves, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 37, (4), 269-286. Heiken, G., and McCoy, F. (1984) Caldera development during the Minoan eruption, Thera, Cyclades, Greece,.!. Geophys. Res., 89, (B10), 8441-8462. Heezen, B.S., and Ewing, M. (1955) Orleansville earthquake and turbidity currents, Bull. Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol., 39, (12), 2505-2514. REFERENCES 211
Heezen, B.S. (1957) 1908 Messina earthquake, tsunami, and turbidity current, Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., 68, (12), pt.2, 1743. Hewitt, R. (1957) From Earthquake, Fire and Flood, Scribnerand Sons, New York, 215 p. ImbO, G. (1965) Catalogue of the active volcanoes of the world including solphatara fields, Intern. Assoc. Volcano[. Pt. XVIII, Roma, Italy. Ippolito, F. (1783) Account of the earthquakes which happened in Calabria, March 28, 1783. In a letter from Count Francesco Ippolito to Sir William Hamilton, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, Part 1, 1, 296-304. Irving, A. (1909) The Italian Earthquake, Nature, 79,428-429. Ivashchenko, A.l. (1972) On recurrence of strong earthquakes in the Northwestern Part of the Pacific Ocean for the last 50 years, Tsunami Waves, Proc. Sakhalin Complex Sci. Res. Inst., Far-Eastern Sci. Center, USSR Academy of Sciences, 29, 208-216 (in Russian). Jones, H.L. (1966-1970) Translation of Strabo, The Geography ofStrabo, Heinmann, London. Kallner-Amiran, D.A. (1951) A revised earthquake catalog of Palestine, Israel Explor., Jerusalem, 1, 223-246. Kallner-Amiran, D.A. (1952) A revised earthquake catalog of Palestine, Israel Explor., Jerusalem, 2, 48-65. 'Karnik, V. (1968) Seismicity ofthe European area, Praha Academia, Part I, D. Reidel Publ. Co., Dordrecht, 364 p. Kamik, V. (1971) Tsunamis. In: Seismicity of the European Area. Part II, D. Reidel Publ. Co., Dordrecht, 203-206. Kasumovic, M. (1963) Seizrnika Aktivnost Srednjeg Jadrana i Poslednji Notresi u Makarskom Primmju, Geol. Vjesn., Zagreb, (16), 227-232 (in Serbian). Klenova, M.V. (1948) Marine Geology, Uchpedgiz, Moscow, 495 p. (in Russian). Knolles, R. (1603) The General History ofthe Turkey, E.A.Slipp, London, 476 p. Knudtzon, J. (1915) Die El-Amara Tafeln mit Einleitung und Erleuterungen. J. Hinrich, Leipzig, v. 1., 625 p.; v. 2., 1017 p. Kolosenko, M.N. (1955) An earthquake at the Ionic Islands, Priroda (1), 128 (in Russian). Konstantin, K. (1909) The Earthquake in Sicily and Calabria, Moscow, 5-8 (in Russian). Kriimmel, 0. (1911) Handbuch der Ozeanographie, Stuttgart, Bd.2, 155 p. Koutitas, C.G., and Papadopoulos, G.A. (1998) Numerical simulation of the aseismically induced tsunami of 7 February 1963 in the Western Corinthos Bay. Proc. Internat. Confer. Tsunamis, Paris, May 26-28, 1998,247-254. Lacroix, M.A. (1909) Summary of some observations made by Ricco on the Sicily-Calabria earthquake, Comp. Ren. Acad. Sci., Paris, 148, 207-209. Lambros, S. (1914) Collection of chronicles found in Rubrician monasteric manuscripts, Neos Hellinomnimon, Athens, 7, 123-313. Le Moniteur (1790) Novembre 2 and Decembre 21, Paris. Levinson-Lessing, F.Y. (1924) Earthquake and measures against it, Academia, Leningrad, 64- 66, 73, 98 (in Russian). Magnaghi, A., and Touta, L. (1931) Onda meteorologica in Sicilia, Ann. Commis. Etude Raz de Maree, Paris, (1), 53-54. Magnati, M. (1946) Tettonica e sismicita nella regione albanese Geofis. Pura Appl., 8, l-42. Mallet, R. ( 1850-1858) Report on the facts of earthquake phenomena, British Assoc. Advanc. Sci. Part l, 1850, 89 p.; Part 2, 1852, 212 p.; Part 3, 1854; 326 p.; Part 4, 1858, 136 p.,J. Taylor Publ., London. Mararnai, A., and Tinti, S. (1996) Study for a pilot monitoring and alarm system for the Calabrian Sicilian tsunamis. Phys. Chern. Earth, 21, 83-86. 212 REFERENCES
Marinatos, S. (1939) The volcanic destruction of Minoan Crete, Antiquity, 13, (52), 425-439. Marinos, G., and Melidonis N. (1959) On the amplitude of the tsunami originating in the prehistoric eruption of Santorin, Greek Geol. Soc., 4, 210-218. Marinos G., and Melidonis N. (1961) Uber die Groesse des Beim Vorgeschichtlichen Ausbruchs des Santorini-Vulkans Ausgeloesten Tsunamis, Bull. Griech. Geol. Ges. Athens, 4. Marshall, V. (1887) Die Erdbeben in Griechenland, Unsere Zeit., 1, 109. Martinelli, G. (1923) Un centro sismica a mare (contributo alia Geografia Sismica del Lazio), Boll. Soc. Sism. Italiana, 24, Anno 1922-1923, Roma, 149-158. Masciari-Genoese, F. (1915) Concerning Antiseismic Construction. Venice Napoli, Milano, 93-103. Meghraoui, M., Philip H., Albarede F., and Cistemas, A. (1988) Trench investigations through the trace of the 1980 El Asnam thrust fault: Evidence for paleoseismisity, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 78, (2), 979-999. Mercalli, G. (1897) I terremoti della Liguria e del Piemonte, Memoria con Tre Tavole in Litografia. Tipografico Lanciano e Pinto, Napoli. Mercalli, G. (1906) Alcuni risultati ottenuti dallo studio del terremoto Calabrese dell' 8 Settembre 1905, Nota letta all'Accademia Pontaniana nella tomata del 25 Novembre 1906. Atti. Ace. Pontaniana, 36. Mercalli, G. (1908) Sui terremoto Calabrese del 23 Ottobre 1907 (nota preliminare), Boll. Soc. Sism.ltaliana, 13, Anno 1908- 1909, Roma. Meyer, V. (1909) In Destroyed Messina, Tov. Znanie Publ. House, St. Petersburg, 147-230 (in Russian). Mezcua, J., and Martinez Solares J.M. (1983) Sismicidad del area Ibero-Mogrebi, Inst. Geograf Nac., Publ. Madrid, 203, 299. Mihailovic, J. (1927) Mouvements Seismiques Epiro-Albanais. Intern. Un. Geodesy Geophys.: Ser. B., Monographie et Travaux Sci., Belgrade, 1, 78. Mihailovic, J. (1933) La Sismicite de Ia Mer de Marmara et de l'Asie Mineure. Intern. Un. Geodesy Geophys. II Ser. B. Monographie et Travaux Sci., Belgrade, 2, 26-27. Mihailovic, J. (1935) Recent catastrophes in Albania, Ann. Geo/. Penins. Balk., Belgrade, 12, (2). Mihailovic, J. (1939) Seismicity of the Island of Hvar, Glas, Srpska Kraljevska Akadeimja CLXXX, Prvi Razred, 89, B, Prirodnachke Nauke, Belgrade, 287-324 (In Serbian). Mihailovic, J. (1947) Caractere sismique de la cote sud de l'Adriatique Yougoslave. Acad. Serbe Sc., Belgrade, 22. Milne, J. (1886) Earthquakes and other Earth Movements, 2nd ed. Kegan Paul and Trech, London, 165 p. Miloh, T., and Striem, H.L. (1978) Tsunamis effects at coastal sites due to offshore faulting, Tectonophysics, 46, 347-356. Minoura, K., Imamura, F., Kuran, U., Nakamura, T., Papadopoulos, G.A., Takahasi, T., and Yalciner, A. C. (2000) Discovery of Minoan tsunami deposits. Geology, 28, 59-62. Mitzopoulos, C. (1900) The Earthquakes at Tripolis and Triphylia in 1898 and 1899, Petermanns Mitteil, 46. 283. . Mongitore. A. (1743) Istoria cronologica de' terrimoti di Sicilia. Della Sicilia ricercata nelle cose piu memorabili, Palermo, 2, 345-445. Montandon, F. (1953) Les Tremblements de Terre Destructeurs en Europe. Catalogue par Territoires Sismiques, de /'An 1000 a 1940, Geneve, 195 p. Moreira, V.S. (1974) Earthquakes and tsunami in the European area, XIIIth Gen. Ass. Europ. Seism. Commis., Bucharest, 12. REFERENCES 213
Moreira, V.S. (1978) The earthquake in the region ofThessaloniki, Politics, Newspaper, June 22 &23. Moreira, V.S. (1988) Historical and recent tsunamis in the European area, Science Tsunami Hazards, 6, (1}, 37-42. Murty, T.S. (1977) Seismic Sea Waves- Tsunamis. Bull. Fish. Res. Board Canada 198, Ottawa, 337 p. Ninkovich D., and Heezen B.C. (1965) Santorini Tephra. In: Submarine Geol. and Geophys. N!! 17, Colston Papers, Bristol, 17. Oberhurnmer, E.A. (1903) Description of the Island of Cyprus based on historical data. T. Ackermann, Munchen, 137-146. Oddone, G. (1923) Ricerche Teorico-Sperimentali suite Vibrazioni del Sottosuolo, Spoerri, Pisa. Oldham, R.D. (1909) The Italian earthquake, Nature, London 79, 287-288. Orlov, A.P. (1887) Earthquakes and Their Connection with Other Natural Phenomena, Kazan State Univ., Kazan, 170 p. (in Russian). Ozsoy, E., and Onliiata. 0. (1982) Coastal amplification of tsunami waves in the Eastern Mediterranean, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 12, (2}, 117-126. Papadopoulos, G.A. (1985) The volcanic hazard in Greece, Bull. Geol. Soc. Greece 17,316-323. Papadopoulos, G.A. (1993a) Seismic faulting and nonseismic tsunami generation in Greece. Proc. IUGG/IOC Internat. Tsunami Symposium, Wakayama, August 23-27, 1993, 115-122. Papadopoulos, G.A. (1993b) On some exceptional seismic(?) sea-waves in the Greek Archipelago, Science Tsunami Hazards, 11, (1}, 25-34. Papadopoulos, G.A. (1996) New observations about the near- field effects of the 9 July 1956 South Aegean large tsunami, Europ. Seismol. Commission 25th General Assembly, Reykjavik, Sept. 9-14, 1996, 150 (abstr.). Papadopoulos, G.A. (1998a) EC Project GITEC-TWO- A Tsunami Catalogue of the area of Greece and Adjacent Seas. Inst. Geodynamics, Nat. Observatory Athens, Pub/. No. 8, October 1998, 18 p. Papadopoulos, G.A. (1998b) A reconstruction of the 373 B.C. large earthquake in the western Corinthos Gulf. In: Proc. 2nd Internat. Conf on the Ancient Eliki, Aeghion, 1-3 Dec. 1995, Athens, 479-494. Papadopoulos, G.A., and Chalkis, B.J. (1984) Tsunamis observed in Greece and the surrounding area from Antiquity up to the present times, Marine Geology, 56, 309-317. Papadopoulos, G.A., and Dermentzopoulos, Th. (1998) A tsunami risk management pilot study in Heraklion, Crete lsi. Greece, Natural Hazards, 18, 91-118. Papadopoulos, G.A., Dermentzopoulos, Th., and Koutitas, Ch. (1997) GITEC-TWO Midterm Scientific Report of the NOAGI. In: S. Tinti (ed.), Genesis and Impact of Tsunamis On The European Coasts - Tsunami Warning and Observations, Midterm Scientific Report Submitted to CEC, June 1997. Papadopoulos, G.A., and Lefkopoulos, G., 1993. Magnitude- distance relations for liquefaction in soil from earthquakes. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 83, 925-938. Papadopoulos, G.A., Polymenakos, E., Tsimplis, M., and Vlachakis, G. (1992) An exceptional sea-wave observed in the Aegean: A geological or meteorological event? Ann. Geophys., Suppl., 1, 10, pt. I, 109. Papadopoulos, G.A., Skafida, H.G., and Vassiliou, I.T. (1993) Nonlinearity of the magnitude• frequency relation in the Hellenic arc - trench system and the characteristic earthquake model. J. Geophys. Res., 98, 17737-17744. Papazachos, B.C., and Dirnitriu P.P. (1991) Tsunamis in and near Greece and their relation to the earthquake focal mechanisms, Natural Hazards, 4, 161-170. 214 REFERENCES
Papazachos, B.C., Koutitas, C., Hatzidimitriou, P.M., Karacostas, B.G., and Papaioannou, C.A. (1985) Source and. short-distance propagation of the July 9, 1956 Southern Aegean tsunami, Marine Geology, 65, 343-351. Papazachos, B.C., Koutitas, C., Hatzidirnitriou, P.M., Karacostas, B.G., and Papaioannou, C.A. (1986) Tsunami hazard in Greece and the surrounding area, Ann. Geophys., 4, (1 ), 79-90. Papazachos B.C., and Papazachou, C.B. (1997) The Earthquakes of Greece, Editions ZITI, Thessaloniki, 304 p. Pararas-Carayannis, G. (1973) The waves that destroyed the Minoan Empire, Sea Frontiers, 12, (2), 94-1 06. Pararas-Carayannis, G. (1974) The waves that destroyed the Minoan Empire, Grolier Encyclopedia, Science Suppl., Man and His World, 314-321. Pararas-Carayannis, G. (1988) The tsunami generated from the eruption of the Volcano of Santorin in the Bronze Age, Science Tsunami Hazards, 6, (1), 23-30. Pararas-Carayannis, G. (1992) The tsunami generated from the eruption of the Volcano of Santorin in the Bronze Age, Natural Hazards, 5, 115-123. Pavlov, A.P. (1924) The Nature of Earthquakes and Earthquakes .in Japan, Moscow, Gos. Izd• vo, 16-18 (In Russian). Pedini, P. (1744) Account of the earthquakes in Leghorn from the lOth to 27th of January, 1742, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, 42, 77-90. Perissoratis, C., and Papadopoulos, G.A. (1999) Sediment instability and slumping in the southern Aegean Sea and the case history of the 1956 tsunami. Marine Geology, 161, 287- 305. Perrey, A. (1847) Note sur les tremblements de terre en Algerie et dans l'Afrique septentrionale, Mem. Acad. Sci. Arts Belles-Lett., Annees 1845-1846, Dijon, 299-479. Perrey, A. (1848) Note sur les tremblements de terre ressentis en 1847, Mem. Acad. Sci. Arts Belles-Lett., Annees 1847-1848,68-115. Perrey, A. (1850) Memoire sur les tremblements de terre ressentis dans Ia Penisule Turco• Hellenique et en Syrie. Memoires Courtois et memoires des savants etrangers. Ac. Royale Sci., Lettres, Beaux-Arts de Belgique, t. XXIII, part 1, Bruxelles, 73 p. Perrey, A. (1852) Note sur les tremblements de terre en 1850, avec supplements pour les annees anterieures. Mem. Acad. Sci. Arts Belles-Lett., Annee 1851, Dijon, 1-36. Perrey, A. (1854a) Note sur les tremblements de terre en 1851, avec supplements pour les annees anterieures. Mem. Acad. Sci. Arts Belles-Lett., Annees 1852-1853, Dijon, 1-65. Perrey, A. (1854b) Note sur les tremblements de terre en 1852, avec supplements pour les annees anteneures. Mem. Acad. Sci. Arts Belles-Lett., Annees 1852-1853, Dijon, 79-128. Perrey, A. (1855a) Note sur les tremblements de terre en 1853 avec supplements pour les annees anterieures. Mem. Acad. Sci. Arts Belles-Lett., Annee 1854, Dijon, 55. Perrey, A. (1855b) Note sur les tremblements de terre en 1854, avec supplements pour les annees anteriures. Bull. A cad. Lett. Sci. Bruxelles, 22, Ser.1, 526-572. Perrey, A. (1856) Note sur les tremblement de terre en 1855, avec supplements pour les annees anteriures. Premiere partie, Bull. A cad. Lett. Sci. Bruxelles, 23, Ser.2, 23-68. Perrey, A. (1857) Note sur les tremblements de terre ressentis en 1856, avec supplements pour les annees anterieures, Pt.2. Bull. Acad. Lett. Sci. Bruxelles. 24, Ser.2, 64-128. Perrey, A. (1859) Note sur les tremblements de terre en 1856, avec supplements pour les annees anterieures, Mem. cour. Acad. Bruxelles, 8, 1-79. Perrey, A. (1860) Note sur les tremblements de terre en 1857, avec supplements pour les annees anterieures, Mem. cour. Acad. Bruxelles, 10, 1-114. REFERENCES 215
Perrey, A. (1862a) Note sur 1es tremb1ements de terre en 1859, avec supplements pour les annees anterieures, Mem. cour. Acad. Bruxelles, 13, 77. Perrey, A. (1862b) Note sur les tremblements de terre en 1860, avec supplements pour les annees anterieures, Mem. cour. Acad. Bruxelles, 14, 74. Perrey, A (1864a) Note sur les tremblements de terre en 1861, avec supplements pour les annees anterieures, Mem. cour. Acad. Bruxelles, 16, 112. Perrey, A. (1864b) Note sur les tremblements de terre en 1862, avec supplements pour les annees anterieures, Mem. cour. Acad. Bruxelles, 16, 179. Perrey, A. (1865) Note sur les tremblements de terre en 1863, avec supplements pour les annees anterieures, de 1843 a 1862, Mem. cour. Acad. Bruxelles, 17, 213. Perrey, A. (1867) Note sur les tremblements de terre en 1865, avec supplements pour les annees anterieures, de 1843 a 1864, Mem. cour. Acad. Bruxelles, 19, 125. Perrey, A. (1870) Note sur 1es tremb1ements de terre en 1866 et 1867 avec supplements pour les annees anterieures, de 1843 a 1865, Mem. cour. Acad. Bruxelles, 21, 233. Perrey, A. (1872) Note sur les trembLements de terre en 1869, avec supplements pour les annees anterieures, de 1843 a1868, Mem. cour. Acad. Bruxelles, 22, 116. Perrey, A. (1873) Supplements aux notes sur les tremblements de terre ressentis de 1843 a 1868, Mem. cour. Acad. Bruxelles, 23, 70. Perrey, A. (1875a) Note sur les tremblements de terre en 1870, avec supplements pour 1869, Mem. cour. Acad. Bruxelles, 24, 146. Perrey, A. (1875b) Note sur les tremblements de terre en 1871, avec supplements pour les annees anterieures, de 1843 a 1870, Mem. cour. Acad. Bruxelles, 24, 143. Piatanesi, A., and Tinti, S. (1998) A revision of the 1693 eastern Sicily earthquake and tsunami. J. Geophys. Res., 103, 2749-2758. Pfannenstiel, M. (1960) Erlaeuterungen zu den Bathimetrischen Karten des Oestlichen Mittelmeeres, Bull. /nst. Oceanograph. Monaco, Monaco, 1192. Platania, G. (1890) I fenomeni sottomarini durante l'eruzione di Vulcano (Eolie) ne11888-89, Atti Rendiconti Accademia Scienze, Lettere Arti Acireale, Nuova Serie, 1. Platania, G. (1909) II maremoto dello Stretto di Messina del 28 dicembre 1908, Boll. Soc. Sism. Italiana, Rome, 13 (7), 369-458. Platania, G. (1912) II maremoto del 23 ottobre 1907 in Calabria e Ia propagazione di onde di maremoto, Boll. Soc. Sism. Italiana, Rome, 16 (6), 166-174. Platania, G. (1913) Oscillation of the sea in the Gulf of Catania, Boll. Acad. Gioenia Sci. Naturali Catania, 21 (27), 1. Poniavin, I.D. (1965) Tsunami Waves, Gidrometeoizdat, Leningrad, 110 p. (in Russian). Rabinovich, A.B., and Monserrat, S. (1996) Meteorological tsunamis near the Balearic and Kuril Islands: Descriptive and statistical analysis, Natural Hazards, 13, (1), 55-90. Rabinovich, A.B., and Monserrat, S. (1998) Generation of meteorological tsunamis (large amplitude seiches) near the Balearic and Kuril Islands, Natural Hazards, 18, (1), 27-55. Radice, B. (1972) Translation of Pliny the Younger, Letters and Panegirycus, Harvard Univ. Press, Heinmann, London, 1, 2. Radics, P. (1902) Earthquakes in Venice and the Bell Tower of St. Mark, Die Erdbebenwarte 2, (5-6), 90. Rzadkiewicz, S., Heinrich, P., Savoye, B., and Bourillet, J.F. (1998) Numerical modelling of a landslide tsunami: the 1979 Nice event (French Riviera), Intern. Conf Tsunamis, Paris, 83. Ribaric, V. (1979) The Idrija earthquake of March 26, 1511 - a reconstruction of some seismological parameters,Tectonophysics, 53, 315-324. Ribaric, V. (1982) Seismicity ofSlovenia. Catalog ofearthquakes (792 A.D.-1981), Ljubljana. 216 REFERENCES
Ricco, A. (1909) Terremoto del Messinese e della Calabria al28 dicembre 1908, Bollettino Acad. Gioenia Sci. Naturali Catania, S.II, fasc. 6, 3-7. Rothe, J-P. ( 1955) Le tremblement de terre d'Orleansville et Ia seismicite de 1'Algerie (9 September 1954), La Nature, (3237), 9. Ruegg, J., Kasser, M., Tarantola, A., Lepine, J.C., and Chouikrat, B. (1982) Deformations associated with the El- Asnam earthquake of I 0 October 1980: Geodetic determination of vertical and horizontal movements, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer., 72, (6), 2227-2244. Savi, P. (1846) Relazione de'Fenomeni Presentati dai Terremoti di Toscana dell'Agosto 1846 e Considerazioni Teoretiche Sopra i Medesimi del Prof Cav. Paolo Savi, Tip. Nistri, Pisa. Schaeffer, C. (1939) The Cuneiform Texts ofRas Shamra, British Academy, London, 22. Schaeffer, C. (1948) Stratigraphie compare et Chronologie de l'Asie Occidentale pour les Ill" et II" Miltenaires, Oxford Univ. Press. Schmidt, J. (1881) Studien uber Vulcane und Erdbeben, Part 2, A.Georgi, Leipzig, 612 p. Senarmont, H. (1857) Analyse des documents recueillis sur les tremblements de terre ressentis en Algerie du 21 Aoilt au 15 Octobre 1856, Camp. Ren. Acad. Sci., Paris, 44, 586-594. Shirokova, E.I. (1967) Conformity to general laws in the orientation of main strength in earthquake centers of the Mediterranean Seismic Belt, Izvestiya, Earth Physics, (1), 12-23 (In Russian). Shurygin, A.M. (1980) On Long-term Forecast of Major Tsunamis. Theorie and Operation Tsunami Forecast, Nauka, Moscow, 141-145 (In Russian). Sieberg, A. (1923) Geologische, Physikalische und Angewandte Erdbeben Kunde, Jena, 572 p. Sieberg, A. (1932a) Untersuchungen uber Erdbeben und Bruschchollenbau im Ostlichen Mittelmeergebiet. Denkschriffien der Medizin, Naturwiss, Gezellschaft zu Jena, 18, 2, Jena, 273. Sieberg, A. (1932b) Die Erdbeben, Gutenberg's Handbuch der Geophysik, G. Bom-traeger, Berlin, 4, 775-812. Shebalin, N. V. ( 1974) Atlas ofIsoseismal Maps, Part III ofthe Catalogue, UNESCO, Skopje. Skouphos, T. (1894) The Great Earthquake ofLokris on April20 and 27, Zeit. Ges. Erdk., Berlin, 29, 409-410. Soloviev, S.L. (1968) Tsunami problem and its importance for Kamchatka and Kuril Islands, Tsunami Problem, Nauka, Moscow, 7-50 (In Russian). Soloviev, S.L. (1972) Recurrence of tsunamis in the Pacific Ocean, Tsunami Waves, Collection of Works of SCRI FESC USSR, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, 29, 7-47 (In Russian). Soloviev, S.L. (1978) Main Information on tsunamis at the Pacific Coast of the USSR. Years 1737-1976, Tsunami Study in Open Ocean, Nauka, Moscow, 61-136 (In Russian). Soloviev, S.L. (1989) Mediterranean tsunamis and their comparison with Pacific tsunamis, Izvestiya, Earth Physics, 25, (11). Soloviev, S.L. (1990) Tsunamigenic zones in the Mediterranean Sea, Natural Hazards, 3, (2), 183-202. Soloviev, S.L. (1993) Microseismicity of sea floor in the European seas, Ann. Geophys. Suppl. II., 11, Pt. II, Oceans, Atmosphere, Hydrol. and Nonlinear Geophys, 330. Soloviev, S.L., Campos-Romero, M.L, and Plink, N.L. (1992) Orleansville tsunami of 1954 and El- Asnam tsunami of 1980 in the Alboran Sea (Southwestern Mediterranean Sea), Izvestiya, Earth Physics, 28, (9), 739-760. Soloviev, S.L., and Go, Ch.N. (1974) Catalogue ofTsunamis on the Western Shore of the Pacific Ocean, Nauka, Moscow, 309 p. (in Russian). Soloviev, S.L., and Go, Ch.N. (1975). Catalogue of Tsunamis on the Eastern Shore ofthe Pacific Ocean. Nauka, Moscow, 204 p. (in Russian). REFERENCES 217
Soloviev, S.L., and Go, Ch.N. (1984a) Catalogue of Tsunamis on the Western Shore of the Pacific Ocean, Canadian Trans!. Fish. Aquatic Sci., No. 5077, Ottawa, 439 p. (in English). Soloviev, S.L., and Go, Ch.N. (1984b). Catalogue of Tsunamis on the Eastern Shore of the Pacific Ocean. Canadian Trans!. Fish. Aquatic Sci., No. 5078, Ottawa, 293 p. (in English). Soloviev, S.L., Go, Ch.N., and Kim, Kh.S. (1986) Catalog of Tsunamis in the Pacific, 1969- 1982. IGC AS USSR Pub!. House, 164 p. (in Russian). Soloviev, S.L., Go, Ch.N., and Kim, Kh.S. (1992) Catalog of Tsunamis in the Pacific, 1969- 1982. English translation by Amerind Pub!. Co., Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi, India, (1988); SGC AS USSR Pub!. House, Moscow, 208 p. Soloviev, S.L., Go, Ch.N., Kim, Kh.S., Solovieva, O.N., and Shchetnikov, N.A. (1997) Tsunamis in the Mediterranean Sea; 2000 B.C.- 1991 A.D., Moscow, 139 p. (in Russian). Soloviev, S.L., Karakaisis, G.F., Kovachev, S.A., Kuzin, l.P., Shoda, O.Yu., and Tassos, S.T. ( 1992) Microearthquake hypocenter determination in the Southern Aegean Sea from records of sea floor and landbased seismographs, Phys. Earth Planet Int., 75, (1/3), 177-183. Solovieva, O.N., and Soloviev, S.L. (1968) New data on dynamics of seismic waves from the Kuril-Kamchatka Earthquakes, in Tsunami Problem, Nauka, Moscow, 73-96 (in Russian). Sorrentino, I. (1734) Istoria del Monte Vesuvio, Napoli. The Italian Earthquake of December 28, 1908 (1909) Nature, 80,445. Tholozan, J. (1879) Sur les tremblements de terre qui ont eu lieu en !'Orient du vne au xvne siecle, Camp. Rend. de l'Acad. Sci., 88, 1063-1006. Technener, R. (1861) The great earthquake and terrible ruin which occurred in Jerusalem and neighbouring parts. Bull. du Bib/., Porte St. Marcel, 1861, January. Issue I, Paris, (12). Tinti, S. (1991) Assessment oftsunami hazard in the Italian Seas, Natural Hazards, 4, 267-283. Tinti, S. (1993) Evaluation of tsunami hazard in Calabria and eastern Sicily, Italy. Tsunamis in the World, Advances in Natural and Technological Hazards Research, Vol.l, S. Tinti (edt.), Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 141-157. Tinti, S. (1997) Genesis and impact of tsunamis on the European coasts, A. Ghazi, and M. Yeroyanni (edts.), Seismic risk in the European Union, European Commission, Science, Research and Development, Environment and Climate Programme, EUR 16966 EN, Vol.l, 132-152. Tinti, S., Armigliato, A., Bortolucci, E., and Piatanesi, A. (1999a) Identification of the source fault of the 1908 Messina earthquake through tsunami modelling. Is it a possible task? Phys. Chern. Earth, 24, 41 7-421. Tinti, S., Baptista, M.A., Harbitz, C.B., and Maramai, A. (1999b) The unified European catalogue of tsunamis: a GITEC experience. Proc. Int. Conf tsunamis, Paris, 26-28 May 1998, 84-99. Tinti, S., Bortolucci, E., and Vannini, C. (1997) A block-based theoretical model suited to gravitational sliding. Natural Hazards, 15, 31-49. Tinti, S., Bortolucci, E., and Armigliato, A. (1999c) Numerical simulation of the landslide• induced tsunami of 1988 in Vulcano island, Italy. Bull. Volcano/. 61, 121-137. Tinti, S., Gavagni, 1., and Piatanesi, A. (1994) A finite-element numerical approach for modelling tsunamis. Ann. Geofis., 37, 1009-1026. Tinti, S., and Giuliani, D. (1983) The Messina Straits tsunami of December 28, 1908: A critical review of experimental data and observations, Nuovo Cimento, 60, (4), 429-442. Tinti, S., and Guidoboni, E. (1988) Revision of the tsunamis occurred in 1783 in Calabria and Sicily (Italy), Science Tsunami Hazards, 6, (I), 17-22. 218 REFERENCES
Tinti, S., and Maramai, A. (1996) Catalogue of tsunamis generated in Italy and in Cote d'Azur, France: a step towards a unified catalogue of tsunamis in Europe. Ann. Geojis., 39, 1253- 1299. Tinti, S., and Maramai, A. (1999) Large tsunamis and tsunami hazard from the new Italian tsunami catalog. Phys. Chern. Earth, 24, 145-150. Tinti, S., and Piatanesi, A. (1996a) Numerical simulations of the tsunami induced by the 1627 earthquake affecting Gargano, southern Italy. Journal of Geodynamics, 21, 141-160. Tinti, S., and Piatanesi, A. (1996b) Finite-element simulations of the 5 February 1783 Calabrian tsunami. Phys. Chern. Earth, 21, 39-43. Tinti, S., Romagnoli, C., and Bortolucci, E. (1999) Modeling a possible Holocenic landslide• induced tsunami at Stromboli volcano, Italy. Phys. Chern. Earth, 24, 423-429. Tsunami Newsletter (1980) XIII, (1,3). Virolleaud, C. (1935) La revolte de Koser contre Baal, Revue Art Oriental Archeologie, Syrie, Librairie Orient. P. Geuthner, Paris, 16, 29. Von Valvasor, LV. (1689) Die Ehre des Herzogthums Crain, Numberg, 4, Ch. 15, 248-249. Willis, B. (1928) Earthquakes in the Holy Land, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 18, (2) 73-103. Wright, C.W. (1909) The world's most cruel earthquake. National Geographic, 20, (4), 373-396. Yelles Chaouche, A. ( 1991) Coastal Algerian Earthquakes: A potential risk of tsunamis in Western Mediterranean? Preliminary investigation, Science Tsunami Hazards, 9, (1), 47-54. Yielding, G., Jackson, J., King, G., Sinvhal, H., Vita-Finzi, C., and Wood, R. (1981) Relations between surface deformation, fault geometry, seismicity and rupture characteristics during the El- Asnam (Algeria) earthquake of 10 October 1980, Earth Planet. Sci. Let., 56, 287-304. INDEX OF GEOGRAPIDC NAMES
Codes of Countries
AG Algeria JA Japan AL Albania JO Jordan AS Australia LE Lebanon AU Austria MC Macedonia BK Bosnia and Herzegovina MO Morocco BU Bolgaria MT Malta CA Canada MW Montenegro CY Cyprus PO Portugal EG Egypt RO Romania FR France RU Russia FI Finland SI Slovenia GM Germany SP Spain GR Greece SR Serbia HR Croatia SY Syria HU Hungary sz Switzerland ID Indonesia TS Tunisia IS Israel TU Turkey IT Italy us United States IZ Iraq YO Yugoslavia
Adapazari iform. Adabazar); TU; 133 A Adramyttium [see Edremit]; TU; 107 Adrianopolis (Hadrianopolis, see Edirne); Accadia; IT; 55 TU; 99,107 Acerenza; IT; 41 Adriatic Sea (It. Mare Adriatico, anc. Mare Achaea (Achaia, Akhala); GR; Peloponnesus; Adriaticum, Adria); xvi, 5, 8, 25, 29, 32, 29 35, 37, 38, 39, 42, 47, 48, 52, 53, 55, 61, Aci Castello; IT; Sicily I.; 126 62, 63, 72, 78, 79, 82, 83, 89, 92, 104, Aci Catena; IT; Sicily I.; 110 105, 106, 112, 113, 114, 117, 119, 136, Aci Consolazione (ref); IT; Sicily I.; 75 142, 162 Aci Platani (ref); IT; Sicily I.; 75 Aedepsos (Aedipsos, Aedypsos, Aedhipsos, Aci S. Antonio; IT; Sicily I.; 75 Edipsos); GR; 23 Aci S. Filippo; IT; Sicily I.; 75 Aegean Sea (Gk. Aigaion Pelagos); viii, xv, Aci Trezza, Island; IT; Sicily I.; 111, 126 xvi, 1, 3, 4, 5, 12, 16, 17, 20, 21, 22, 24, Acireale; IT; Sicily I.; 110, 126 26,30,31,34,40,51,52,53,54,56, 75, Acquaviva; IT; 41 84,87,88,90,91,98,99, 100,103,105, Adalit+; AL; 136 107, 110, 111, 119, 120, 123, 137, 138,
219 220 INDEX OF GEOGRAPHIC NAMES
140,141,142,144,145,153,157,158, Almeria (anc. Unci, Portus Magnus); SP; 161, 170, 171, 173, 174, 176, 178, 184, 154,165,167,168 204 Alope•; GR; 23 Aegina (Aigina, Aiyina, Egina), Islet; GR; Alponous•; GR; 23 Sardonic Gulf; 140 Altilia (Altilia Cosenza); IT; 50 Aeolian islands [see Lipari islands]; IT; 182 Amadhes; GR; Chios 1.; 145 Aermion•; GR; 140 Amantea; IT; 123, 135 Africa; 1, 12, 63, 71, 80, 121, 124, 153, 170, Amfissa (Amphissa, Salonae); GR; 101, 112 190,204 Amnissos; GR; Crete 1.; 19 Aghistro, Islet; GR; Samothraki 1.; 119 Amorgos, Island; GR; Cyclades Is.; xv, 153, Agrilos (Agrili); GR; Peloponnesus; 116 155,157,158,184 Aiello (Aiello Calabro); IT; 50, 123 Amorgos, Strait; GR; 155 Aiyion (ref Aeghio, Aeigion, Aigion, Amos (ref); IS, LE?; 22 Aegium, Aeghion, Egio); GR; Amur (Priamurye), Region; RU; vii Peloponnesus; 62, 75, 101, 102, 113, 117, Anafi (Anathy, Anaphe), Island; GR; SE 134, 160, 171, 172 Cyclades Is.; 19 Akarnania (Acamania); GR; 111 Ancona; IT; 117,187 Akko (En. Acre, Fr. Saint-Jean-d' Acre, Old Andria; IT; 47, 59 Test. Accho, New Test. Ptolemai:s); IS; 25, Andros, Island; GR; 138 33,34,37,38,63, 185,186 Ankara (form. Angora, anc. Ancyra); TU; Akrotiri (Acrotition, Akrotyrion); GR; 101 176 Alaska, Peninsula; US; 19 Annaba (Bona,form. Bone, anc. Hippo or Alassio; IT; 76 Hippo Regius); AG; 96 Albania (off Republic of Albania, Alb. Antalya (form. Adalia, anc. Attaleia, bib. Shqipni, Shqipri, Shqipi!ri Republic); AL; Attalia), Province; TU; 184 1, 8, 9, 12, 25, 37, 81, 89, 104, 105, 106, Antalya (Gulf of Adalia, Antalya Korfezi), 109, 111, 112, 116, 119, 136, 187, 204 Gulf of; TU; 32 Albenga (anc. Album Ingaunum, Antibes (anc. Antipolis); FR; 45, 76, 92, 117, Albingaunum); IT; 76 162, 189 Alboran Sea (Western part of the Antikyma (Antikhima); GR; 112 Mediterranean Sea); 40, 57, 71, 72, 94, Anti-Liban (Anti-Lebanon, anc. Antilibanus, 96, 98, 100, 104, 118, 148, 149, 150, 151, Ar. Al-Jabal ash Sharqi); LE, SY; 112 160, 164, 166, 169, 171 Antiochia (anc. Antioch, Gr. Antiochea, Alcamo; IT; Sicily 1.; 78 Antakya, Antakiyah); TU; 33, 77 Alexandria (Ar. Al-Iskandariyah, El Antiparos (Andhiparos, Andiparos, Iskandariya); EG; 5, 29, 31, 33, 37, 38, Andikaros), Island; GR; 156 103, 111, 112, 128, 185 Anzio (form. Porto d' Anzio, anc. Antium); Alexandria Troas (Troas - Seaport of ancient IT; 136,189 Mysia); TU; 29 Apennines (It. Appennino, Lat. Apenni nus Alexandroupoli (Alexandroupolis); GR; 119, Mons), Mountain Range; IT; 10, 41, 56, 139, 140 65, 67,84 Algeciras; SP; 149, 152, 154, 165, 169 Apennines Peninsula; IT; 12, 17 Algeria (Democratic and Popular Republic of Aphrodesion (ref); TU; 30 Algeria, Fr. Algerie); AG; 40, 72, 94, 95, Apice; IT; 41 96,98, 118,148,150,164,171,190 Apricena; IT; 47 Algiers (Fr. Alger, Ar. Al-Jazii.ir, Alger, El Apulia (Puglia, Fr. Le Puglie); IT; 59, 73 Djezii.ir, anc. lcosium); AG; 40, 63, 72, Aquila (L' Aquila, Aquila degli Abruzzi); IT; 94, 95, 96, 98, 118, 166, 171 56 Ali Marina; IT; Sicily 1.; 126 Araby; poet, (Arabian Peninsula, Turk. Alicante (anc. Lucentum); SP; 149, 150, 151, Arabistan); 31 154, 160, 161, 165, 166, 167, 168 Arahova (Arachova, Arakhova); GR; 112 Aliki, Cape; GR; Peloponnesus; 75 Archangelos (Arhangelos); GR; Rhodes 1.; Alimia (Alimnia), Island; GR; 157 103 Alkyonides, Bay of; GR, Gulf of Corinth; 170 Ardei (Ardea); IT; 74 INDEX OF GEOGRAPHIC NAMES 221
Arena; IT; 65 Ay. Konstantinos (ref St. Constantinos, Areopolis (Areopoli); GR; Peloponnesus; 108 Ayios/ Agios/Ayos/Hagios Konstantinos ); Argenta; IT; 47 GR; 120 Argolis (Argolikos Kolpos, Gulf ofNaupplia), Ay. Nikitas (Ayios/Agios/Ayos/Hagios Gulf of; GR; 140, 157 Nikitas); GR; Levkas 1.; 134 Argos; GR; Peloponnesus; 106 Ay. Nikolaos (Ayios/Agios/ Ayos/Hagios Argostoli (Argostolion); GR; Kefallonia 1.; Nikolaos); GR; Ag. Efstratios 1.; 161 109, 147 Ay. Nikolaos (Ayios/Agios/Ayos/Hagios Ariano (Ariano Irpino,form. Ariano di Nikolaos); GR; Crete 1.; 156 Puglia, anc. Aequum Tuticum); IT; 41, 55 Ay. Nikolaos (Ayios/Agios/Ayos/Hagios Arno (anc. Amus), River; IT; 84 Nikolaos); GR; Levkas 1.; 133, 134 Arona; IT; 108 Ay. Petros (Ayios/Agios/Ayos/Hagios Arwild (Fr. lie Rouad, bib. Arvad, anc. Petros); GR; Levkas 1.; 134, 145 Aradus), Island; SY; 28 Ay. Sostis• (Ayios/Agios/Ayos/Hagios Ascoli Satriano; IT; 47 Sostis•), Cape; GR; Zakynthos I.; 46, 49 Ashdod (Gk. Azotos, Lat. Azotus); IS; 35 Ay. Trias• (Ayia!Agia/Aya!Hagia Triada ?); Ashkelon (Ashqelon, Ascalon); IS; 34 GR; Crete I.; 19 Asia Minor (Anatolia), Peninsula; 1, 3, 4, 12, Ayvalik (Aivali, anc. Heraclea); TU; 99, 107 21, 27, 29, 30, 31, 40, 44, 53, 54, 84, 87, 88, 90, 99, 103, 105, 107, 110, 137, 141, B 145,157,158,204 Asopos (Asopou), River; GR; 91 Baalbek (Balabakk, anc. Heliopolis); LE; 37 Aspromonte, Mt; IT; 65, 124 Baba-Dag (Babadag, ref Mendos., Bubu- Astypalaia (Astypalaea, Astipalaia, It. Dag), Mt; TU; 88 Stampalia), Island; GR; Dodecanese Is.; Bagnara Calabra (Bagnara); IT; 65, 68, 70 xv, 153, 155 Bagni di S. Giuliano; IT; 89 Atalanti (Atalante, Atalandi, Atalante), Bagnoli (Bagnoli Irpino); IT; 55 Island; GR; 23, 120 Baikal, Lake; RU; viii Atalanti (Clonios•), Mt; GR; 91 Dakar (Bukkari, Buccari); HR; 72, 82, 187 Atalanti (Atalante, Atalandi, Atalante, Balearic islands (Sp. Islas Baleares); SP; xvi, Talandonisi), town; GR; 23, 91 95, 124, 163 Athanio; GR; Levkas I.; 134 Balearic Sea; 121 Athens (Athinai, Athina, anc. Athenae); GR; Balkan Peninsula; 8 xvi, 18, 75, 91, 107, 108, 109, 111, 112, Banat; SR, HU, RO; 72 145, 146, 170, 173, 174 Baosic; MW; 92,187 Athos (Ag. Athos, Ayion/Ayon Oros, Hagion Barbaro., Mt; IT; 44 Oros), Mt; GR; Chalkidiki Penin.; 142 Barberio; IT; 41 Atlantic Ocean (anc. Oceanus Atlanticus); Barcelona (anc. Barcino, later Barcinona); viii, 18 SP; 96, 163, 164 Atlantis (Legendary Island and State); 18 Bari (Bari delle Puglie, anc. Barium); IT; 55, Atlas, Mts; MO; 22, 164 59, 81, 89, 109, 112 Attica (Attiki), District; GR; 91, 140 Barletta (anc. Barludi); IT; 59, 89 Augusta (Agosta); IT; Sicily I.; 54, 126, 182 Baro•; MW, HR?; 162 Aulide; GR; 91 Batna; AG; 95, 96, 97 Australia; AS; viii Beirut (Beyrouth, anc. Beirutus); LE; 28, 31, Avellino (anc. Abellinum); IT; 55 77, 103, 112, 185, 186 Avernus (Lago d' Avemo, anc. Lacus Beit Jala (Bayt Jiilii, bib. Gallim); JO; 36 Avemus), Lake; IT; 44 Belluno; IT; 39 Avlemonas; GR; Kythira 1.; 106, 107 Belpasso; IT; Sicily 1.; 75 Aydin (Aidin); TU; 103, 107 Belsito; IT; 50 Efstratios (Ayios/Agios/Ayos/Hagios Ay. Beni lder•; AG; 94, 96,97 Evstratios), Island; GR; 161 Beni Rached; AG; 148 Beni-Khalil; AG; 72 Berati (now Berat, anc. Antipatria); AL; 89 222 INDEX OF GEOGRAPHIC NAMES
Bergamo (anc. Bergomum); IT; 29 Byzantine Empire (Eastern Roman Empire); Bern (Berne); SZ; 74 3 Betaissa (ref, Betaina?, El Betaina?); AG; 96 Byzantium [see Istanbul]; TU; 3, 39 Bex; SZ; 93 Bianca•; MW ?; 92 c Bianco; IT; 67 Bibbona; IT; 84 Cagliari (anc. Caralis, Carales ); IT; Sardinia Biccari; IT; 41 I.; 95, 97, 136 Bisaccia; IT; 55 Cagnes (Cagnes-sur-Mer); FR; 92, 93 Bisceglie; IT; 162 Cairo (Ar. AI Qilhirah or EI Qahira); EG; 37, Bisignano; IT; 123 103, 111 Bitola (Bitolj or Monastir); MK; 89 Calabria (anc. Bruttium, le Calabrie), Bivona•; IT; 124 Peninsula; IT; 1, 36, 43, 44, 50, 61, 63, Bizerte (Bizerta, anc. Hippo Zrytus); TU; 64, 65, 66, 67, 70, 73, 81, 111, 120, 123, 121, 124, 190 124, 126, 127, 132, 135, 137, 182, 188, Black Sea (Euxine Sea, Chernoye More, Kara 204 Deniz, anc. Pontus or Pontus Euxinus); Calabrian Arc (Calabria and Sicily); IT; viii, 100 1, 10, 12, 27, 28, 36, 38, 44, 50, 61, 63, Blida (El Boulai:da); AG; 72, 118 64, 65, 66, 67, 70, 74, 75, 78, 80, 81, 83, Boeotia (Voiotia); GR; 22, 29, 31,91 110, 113, 120, 123, 124, 125, 136, 141, Bogomolje; HR; 143 143,144,188,204 Boka Kotorska•; HR; 162, 163, 187 Calamizzi, Cape; IT; 44 Bologna (anc. Felsina, later Bononia); IT; Calope~ati; IT; 82 xvi, 8, 179 Caloveto; IT; 82 Bone [see Annaba]; AG; 95 Campalla (ref), Mt; IT; 68 Bordighera, Cape; IT; 92 Campobasso; IT; 41 Borgio; IT; 76 Canada; CA; xvi, xvii Bosnia (Sosna-Hercegovina, Bosnia• Canali*; IT; 92 Herzegovina); BH; 78 Canary (Canaries, Sp. Islas Canarias) islands; Bosporus (Turk. Karadeniz Bogazi, Istanbul SP; 182 Bogazi, anc. Bosporus Thracius, incorrect Candia [see Heracleon]; GR; Crete 1.; 38, Bosphorus), Strait; 1, 30, 32, 34, 39, 42, 140 51,63,79,98, 100,114,204 Cannes; FR; 93, 116, 117, 163 Botrys (Votrys); LE; 31 Cannitello; IT; 66, 120, 121, 124 Bou Saida; AG; 96, Canosa (Canosa di Puglia); IT; 89 Bougie (now Bejala); AG; 95, 97 Capraia, Island; IT; 60 Boura; GR; 24 Capri (anc. Capreae), Island; IT; 73, 130, 135 Bovino; IT; 47 Capua; IT; 55 Bozcaada (Gk. Tenedos), Island; TU; 99 Careri, River; IT; 124 Brae (Brach, It. Brazza), Island; HR; 113, 143 Carinthia (Ger. K!irnten); AU; 72 Bratai (Brataj, Bratajt); AL; 89 Carloforte; IT; S. Pietro 1.; 95, 96, 97 Briatico; IT; 123, 124 Carmagnola; IT; 56 Briga Marina; IT; Sicily 1.; 126 Carpanzano;IT;50 Brignoles; FR; 93 Cartagena (anc. Carthago Nova); SP; 71, Brindisi (Brundusium, anc.Brundisium); IT; 154, 167, 190 55,61,109 Casalduni; IT; 41 Bronte; IT; Sicily 1.; 75 Casciana; IT; 84 Bruzzano, Cape; IT; 124 Cassotis (ref); GR; 112 Bursa iform. Brusa or Brussa); TU; 98, 99, Castelbuono; IT; Sicily 1.; 78 114,133 Castelfiorentino; IT; 85 Bussana; IT; 80 Castellamare di Stabia (Castellammare di Butrint (Butrinto, Butrinti, anc. Buthrontum); Stabia, anc. Stabiae); IT; 85 AL; 104 Castellaro; IT; 80 Biiyiikdere; TU; 99 Castelluccio Valmaggiore; IT; 47 INDEX OF GEOGRAPHIC NAMES 223
Castelnuovo della Daunia; IT; 47 Chrysi (Chryse), Island; GR; 24 Castelnuovo di Cattaro (Serbo-Croat. Chrysos, Bay of; GR; 101, 102 Hercegnovi or Herceg Novi); MW; 92 Chrysos, town; GR; 112 Catania (anc. Catana); IT; Sicily 1.; 36, 54, Ciro; IT; 81 56, 69, 75, 109, 111, 112, 126, 136, 188 Cividale del Friuli (Cividale); IT; 42 Catanzaro; IT; 81,112,113,123,124,137 Civitavecchia (anc. Centum Cellae, Trajani Catona; IT; 70 Portus); IT; 49, 53, 54, 55, 58, 128, 129, Caucasus (Rus. Kavkaz), Region; RU; ix 136 Cecina, River; IT; 84 Collo; AG; 94, 97 Cecina, town; IT; 59, 79 Colvata•; GR; Levkas 1.; 134 Cefalu (anc. Cephaloedium); IT; Sicily 1.; 78 Comba (ref); FR; 93 Celenza; IT; 47 Combur (Kumbor); MW; 92 Cenaeon (ref), Cape; GR; 23 Conde Smendou; AG; 97 <;:ene; TU; 88 Conflenti Superiore; IT; 50 Cenide, Cape; IT; 66 Constantine (anc. Cirta); AG; 95, 97 Central Asia (Soviet. Part of U.S.S.R. Constantinople [see Istanbul]; TU; 3, 29, 30, comprising the Uzbek, Turkmen, Tadzhik 31, 32, 34, 38, 39 and Kirgiz Republics); U.S.S.R.; ix Contemplazione; IT; Sicily 1.; 132 Cerignola; IT; 47, 59, 89 Copais (Kopals or Topolia, now dry), Lake; Cerreto Sannita; IT; 41 GR;91 Cervia; IT; 114 Cordoba (Cordova, Karmona, anc. Corduba); Cesena (anc. Caesena); IT; 187 SP; 164 Cesenatico; IT; 114 Corigliano (Corigliano Calabro); IT; 82 <;:e~me Peninsula; TU; 145, 146 Corinth (Korinthos, Korynthos, Corinthia), Ceuta (Ar. Sebta); MO; 149, 152, 154 city; GR; Peloponnesus; 75, 101, 102, Chaeronea (in ruins); GR; 31 112, 113, 114, 137 Chalki (Halki, Khalki, Khalkia), Island; GR; Corinth (Gulf of Lepanto, Gk. Korinthiakos 83,88, 103,185 Kolpos, anc. Sinus Corinthiacus or Chalkida (Chalkis, Khalkis, Chalcis,form. Corynthiacos), Gulf of; GR; 7, 8, 14, 24, Euripos); GR; Euboea 1.; 138, 140, 183 31, 40, 62, 63, 75, 100, 101, 102, 112, Chalkidiki (Chalcidice, Khalkidhiki, 114, 115, 117, 160, 170, 171, 172, 173, Halkidiki), Peninsula; GR; 22, 183 174,175,176,177,186,187 Chams•; GR; 111 Corinth (lsthmos Korinthou), Isthmus of; Chambery (anc. Camberiacum); FR; 93 GR; 23, 137, 140 Chania (Khania, Canea, Kanea); GR; Crete Coronea (now Koroni); GR; Peloponnesus; 1.; 109, 110, 156 37 Chedrac-Vigazi•; TU; 88 Corse (Corso, anc. Sacrum Promontorium), Chekfa; AG; 94, 97 Cape; FR; Corsica 1.; 59, 60 Cheliff (Chelif, Sheliff, Oued Cheliff), River; Corsica (Fr. Corse), Island; FR; 64, 85, 117, AG; 164 163 Cherchell (Shershell, anc. Caesarea); AG; Corum (Chorum); TU; 42 118,119 Cosenza; IT;36, 113,123 Chianolea (ref); IT; 67 Cosoleto; IT; 65 Chieti; IT; 47 Courda (Oued Courda, ref Curdot), River; Chimara (Himare, Himara, Kheimara); AL; AG;118 106,119 Coventry; UK; 176 Chiorges (ref); TU; 88 Crespina; IT; 84 Chios (Khios, Chiou), Island; GR; 40, 98, Crete (Gk. Kriti, Kri!ti!, anc. Creta, Candia), 103, 105, 115, 139, 145, 157, 184 Island; GR; ix, 4, 16, 17, 18, 19, 26, 29, Chios (Khios, Chiou), town; GR; 40, 98, 105, 37, 38, 41, 42, 46, 49, 51, 98, 103, 109, 107, 145 110, 111, 116, 138, 140, 156, 157, 158, Chisone, River; IT; 74 159, 162, 173, 175, 176, 185 Chlemoutsi (Khlemoutsi); GR; 114 Croatia (Croat. Hrvatska); HR; xvi, 1, 8, 9, Christiane; GR; Peloponnesus; 144 82, 142, 187, 204 224 INDEX OF GEOGRAPHIC NAMES
Cropalati; IT; 82 Dolianitika; GR; Peloponnesus; 172 Crosia; IT; 82 Donje•; HR; 143 Crotone (sometimes Cortone,anc. Crotona or Doubia (Douvia); GR; 112, 160 Croton); IT; 81, 124 Dovari (ref); TU; 88 Cush (Kush), Anc. Nubia; 37 Dragot (Dragoti); AL; 89, 104 Cutro; IT; 64, 81, 188 Draguignan; FR; 93 Cyclades (Gk. Kiklades, .Kikladhes), islands; Drosos (Dhrosos), Cape; GR; Peloponnesus; GR; 16, 18, 53, 109, 116 108 Cydonies (ref); GR, TU?; 107 Dubrovnik (Ragusa), Bay of; HR; 82 Cynos; GR; 23 Dubrovnik (Ragusa), city; HR; 47, 52, 78, Cyprus (Gk. KYl"OS, Turk. .Kibris), Island; 82, 83, 89,92, 113, 162, 187 CY; 1, 6, 7, 12, 18, 26, 28, 37, 44, 77, Dukaj; AL; 81, 89, 104 104,111,147,185,204 Dura (ref) (Dhourali?, Durali ?); GR; Cythio• (Cythienne•); GR; Peloponnesus; Peloponnesus; 115 109 Durres (Durazzo, anc. Epidamnus, later Cyzicus; TU; 30 Durrachium, Dyrrhachium); AL; 25, 37, 89,111,187 D E Dalmatia (Serbo-Croat. Dalmacija), Region; YO, BK, HR; xvi, 12, 32, 33, 39, 52, 62, Eastem•sporades (sometimes this name is 72, 78, 82, 83, 92, 112, 113, 187 given to north-eastern Aegean islands. see Damascus (Fr. Damas, Ar. Esh-Sham or Sporades], islands; GR; 53, 105 Dimashq); SY; 36, 37,44 Ech-Cheliff (form.- Orleansville, later-Al• Daphus•; GR; 23 Asnam, after 1980 earthquake- Ech• Dardanelles (Turk. <;anakkale Bogazi, anc. Cheliff, Chief); AG; 164 Hellespontus or angl. Hellespont), Strait; Echinos (Ekhinos, ref Aechinos); GR; 23,31 1, 30, 42, 99, 103, 112, 204 Edipsos; GR; 111 Dead Sea (Ar. Bahreit Lut, anc. Lacus Edirne (anc. Adrianopolis, Hadrianopolis); Asphaltites); IS, JO; 28, 185 TU;42,99, 133 Delli (Delphoi, Delphoe,form. Pytho); GR; Edremit (anc. Adramyttium, Addramittium, 101, 112 Turk. Edremit KOrfezi), Gulf of; TU; 30, Delvinl! (Delvina); AL; 89 133 Demossari• (ref), River; GR; 134 Egadi (Egadi !sole, Aegadian islands, anc. Dhrama; GR; 142 Aegates) islands; IT; 144 Diakofto (Diakopton); GR; 100, 101 Egypt (Ar. El Qutr el Masri, Misr, Mudraya, Diano Castello; IT; 76 anc. Aegyptus); EG; 20, 29, 32, 33, 34, Dijon (anc. Dibio); FR; 116 35, 37, 38, 116, 128, 185 Dimotika (Dimotica, Didymoteikhon, Ekengik (ref); TU; 88 Dhidhimotikhon); GR; 99 El Affroun; AG; 118 Dinaric Mountain Range (Dinaric Alps, anc. El Arish (anc. Rhinocolura); EG; 20 Alpes Dinaricae, Ita/. Alpi Dinariche, El Asnam [see Ech-Chelift]; AG; 164, 166, Serbo-Croat. Dinara Planina); Sl, HR, 170,190 BK, MW, AL; 8, 162 El Goufi (Oued El Goufi), River; AG; 94 Dionysioupolis (ref); TU; 30 El Krir•; AG; 118 Distoma (Dhistomon); GR; 112 El Kebir (Oued El Kebir), River; AG; 94 Djebel El Khalia•, River; AG; 95, 97 El Malah (Oued El Malah, ref Oued Mellah), Djebel Khaddida•; AG; 96 River; AG; 118 Djelfa; AG; 119 Elatia (Elateia, Drakhmani, anc. Elatea); GR; Djounda (ref), Island; TU; 107 23 Dodecanese (Gr. Dodekanissa, Dodekanisos, Elba (Fr. Elbe, anc. Ilva, also Aethalia), Dhodhekanisos, anc. Dodecanessus), Island; IT; 85 islands; GR; 83, 144 Elbasan (Elbasani, Elbassan); AL; 89, 136 Doli; HR; 143 Elis (Elisa); GR; Peloponnesus; 75 INDEX OF GEOGRAPHIC NAMES 225
Elounda; GR; Crete 1.; 156 Fo~a (Focha, I) Yenifo~a, New Focha, 2) Fo~a, Elso•; HR; 143 form. Eski Fo~a, Old Focha, anc. Enez (ref Enos, anc. Aenus); TU; 99 Phocaea); TU; 146 England; UK; 206 Foggia; IT; 81 Englouvi; GR; Levkas 1.; 145 Foiniki (Foinikion); GR; Karpathos 1.; 156 Epidaurus (Epidavros ); GR; 29 Folegandros, Island; GR; 157, 184 Epirus (lpeiros, Ipiros, Epeiros); GR; 29 Formicola (ref), reef; IT; 68 Epitalio (Epithalion); GR; 145 Foro (ref form. Saro), River; IT; 48 Erasinos, River; GR; Peloponnesus; 100 Fortore, River; IT; 48 Eratini; GR; 172 Fossa (ref); IT; 70 Erineos, River; GR; Peloponnesus; 160 Francavilla di Fontana (Francavilla Ermioni; GR; 157 Fontana); IT; 61 Etna (Sicilian Mongibello ), volcano; IT; France (Republique Fran~aise, earlier Gaul, Sicily 1.; 36. 38, 65, 75, 110 Gaule, lat. Gallia); FR; viii, xvi, 44, 62, Euboea (Evoikos Kolpos), Gulf of; GR; 30, 74, 84, 86, 91, 92, 95, 103, 115, 116, 162, 120,183 206 Euboea (Ewoia, Negroponte, Gr. Evia, Ebia), Frascati; IT; 74 Island; GR; 22, 23, 24, 31, 91, 137, 157, Friuli (Venezia Giulia, Ger. Friul, anc. Forum 161 Julii), Autonomous region; IT; 32, 39, 42 Euboea (Evripos, Euripos, Egripos, Evoikos Kolpos), Strait; GR; 31, 91, 92 G Europe; xv, 173, 174, 179, 180, 182 Evdhilos; GR; Ikaria 1.; 171 Gabbro; IT; 84 Evyiros (ref Eughiros); GR; Levkas 1.; 134 Gabia (ref); GR; Chios 1.; 145 Galata; TU; 42 1.; 126 F Galati Marina; IT; Sicily Galaxidi (Galaxidion), city; GR; 101, 102, Faedis; IT; 42 103, 112, 117, 186 Famagusta (Ammochostos), Bay of; CY; Galaxidi (Galaxidion), Gulf of; GR; 160 Cyprus 1.; 28 Gallipoli [see Gelibolu], city; TU; 42 Famagusta (Ammochostos, Turk. Magosa, Gallipoli [see Gelibplu], Peninsula; TU; 99, Gazimagusa), city; CY; Cyprus 1.; 44 107, 132 Fandos• (ref); GR; Rhodes 1.; 103 Gallo, Cape; IT; Sicily 1.; 58 Faneromeni; GR; 101 Garda (It. Lago di Garda, anc. Lacus Far East (Far Eatem Region), Region; RU; Benacus), Lake; IT; 110 vii, ix Gardhena (Kerinia); GR; 100 Feriolo; IT; 108 Gargano (anc. Garganus), Peninsula; IT; 47, Feroleto (Feroleto della Chiesa); IT; 50 48, 63, 117, 187 Ferrara (anc. Forum Alieni); IT; 47 Gastonville (Salah Bouchaour); AG; 97 Fethiye (Makri, Mugla), Island, town; TU; Gaza (Ar. Ghazze); IS; 34, 44, 185 87, 184 Gazikily (ref Ganos); TU; 132 Figline (Figline Vegliaturo ); IT; 50 Gelibolu (angl. Gallipoli, an c. Gallipolis), Filfila (Oued Filfila), River; AG; 95 city; TU; 42 Filiatra (Philiatra); GR; Peloponnesus; 109, Gemona (Genona del Friuli); IT; 43 116 Geneva (Fr. Geneve, Ger. Genf, It. Ginevra); Filicudi, Island; IT; Lipari Is.; 121, 143, 188 SZ; 85, 93, 96, 97 Finale (Finale Ligure); IT; 76 Genoa, Gulf of; IT; 76, 93, 189, 190 Finland; FI; viii Genoa (It. Genova, anc. Genua), city; IT; 47, Fiumarella, River; IT; 121, 128 48, 63, 76, 77, 79, 80, 85, 94, 96, 97, 163 Fiume [see Rijeka]; HR; 62, 72 Genzano (Genzano di Roma); IT; 74 Fiumicino; IT; 121 Germany; GM; 206 Florence (It. Firenze, anc. Florentia); IT; 59, Giampileri Marina; IT; Sicily 1.; 126 79, 85,89 Giardini; IT; Sicily 1.; 126 Giarre; IT; Sicily 1.; 110 226 INDEX OF GEOGRAPHIC NAMES
Gibraltar, city; UK/SP; 150 Heraclea (Heracleia, Irakleia, now Iraklia); Gibraltar (Straits of Gibraltar, Lat. Fretum GR; 23 Herculem, Ar. Bab al-Zakak), Strait; SP, Heracleon (Irakleio, Iraklion, Heraklion, MO,UK; 169 Herakleion, It. Candia, anc. Heracleum); Ginostra; IT; 148 GR; Crete I.; 17, 38, 41, 46, 51, 98, 103, Gioia, Gulf of; IT; 65 139, 140, 156, 173, 175 Gioia Tauro; IT; 124 Herculaneum (Ancient city ofRoman Githio (Githion, Yithion, Yithio); GR; Empire); IT; 10, 26 Peloponnesus; 109, 110 Herzogovina (Hercegovina); BH; 82 Giulianova; IT; 162 Holon (Kholon, ref Holots); IS; 35 Gjirokaster (Gjinokaster, Gk. Argyrokastron, Hvar (It. Lesina, anc. Pharos), Island; HR; It. Argirocastro); AL; 104 142, 143, 197 Giilciik; TU; 172 Golden Horn (Turk. Hali-;:), Bay of; TU; 42 I Gorgona, Island; IT; 60, 85, 86 Gorizia (Ger. Gtirz); IT; 39 Iberian Peninsula (Iberia); SP, PO; xvi, 149, Gortis (Gortys, Gortin, Gortun, Gortynos, 166, 167 anc. Gortyn, Gortyna); GR; Crete I.; 29 lerissos (Ierisos), Gulf of; GR; 142 Gouraya; AG; 118, 119 Ierissos (lerisos), village; GR; 142 Gournia (Goumes); GR; Crete I.; 19 Ikaria (Nikaria, Nicaria, Kariot, anc. Icaria), Gozo (Maltese Chadex, Chawdex, anc. Island; GR; 146, 157, 171 Gaulus), Island; MT; Maltese Is.; 126 Imroz (now Gok-;:eada or Gok-;:e, Gk. Imbros), Graham, bank (betw. Sicily and Africa); 80 Island; TU; 99, 100, 184 Grande Phocee (New Focha? see Fo-;:a); TU; Indian Ocean; viii 107 Indonesia (off Republic oflndonesia,form. Grasse; FR; 92 Netherlands Indies, Netherlands East Gravosa (Gruz, ref Gravesa); HR; 82, 84 Indies, Dutch East Indies); ID; 21 Greece (Gk. Elias, anc. Hellas); GR; xiii, xv, Inousses islands; GR; 145 xvi, 1, 3, 4, 7, 8, 12, 19, 20, 22, 23, 29, 30, Ioannina (Yanina, Yannina, Serb. Janina); 31, 63, 71, 75, 77, 91, 100, 105, 110, 111, GR; 89, 104, 134, 145 112, 114, 115, 116, 117, 120, 122, 123, Ionia (Ancient distirct in Asia Minor); TU; 21 130, 137, 138, 140, 141, 142, 144, 147, Ionian islands (anc. Heptanesus); GR; 46, 49, 153, 157, 158, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 57, 59, 71, 77, 79, 81, 108, 109, 110, 111, 175,176,178,180,183,186,204 114, 115, 122, 134, 144, 146, 147 Grennadi• (Genadio?); GR; Rhodes I.; 103 Ionian Sea (Gk. Ionioi Nisoi, Lat. Mare Grimaldi; IT; 50 Ionium); 7, 8, 14, 21, 24, 36, 46, 49, 57, Grotta; IT; Sicily I.; 126 59, 62, 67, 69, 70, 73, 75, 76, 77, 79, 81, Grottaminarda; IT; 55 100, 102, 105, 108, 110, 111, 112, 113, Guardistallo; IT; 84 114, 115, 116, 117, 122, 124, 133, 134, Guelma; AG; 95, 96, 97 144, 146, 160, 171, 181, 186 Guidomandri Marina; IT; Sicily I.; 126 los (Nio), Island; GR; 51, 156, 157 Ischia (Isola d'Ischia, anc. Aenaria), Island; H IT; 30, 49, 188 Isernia (anc. Aesemia); IT; 41 Hamah (Hama, bib. Hamath, clas. Iskenderun (lskenderon,form. Alexandretta, Epiphania); SY; 37 Fr. Alexandrette), city; TU; 7, 77 Hauran (Hawran, anc. Auranitis); SY; 36 Iskinit (ref); TU; 99 Hebdomon; IT; 30 Isnello; IT; Sicily I.; 78 Helike (Helice, Eliki); GR; Peloponnesus; 24, Isola di Capo Rizzuto; IT; 81 175 Israel (off State iflsrael, anc. Israel or Hellenic Arc (South Greek islands); GR; viii, Northern Kingdom); IS; 21, 22, 37, 185 1, 6, 7, 12, 16, 27, 29, 41, 42, 46, 49, 83, Istanbul (form. Constantinople, anc. 98, 107, 111, 162, 184, 204 Byzantium); TU; 42, 51, 52, 53, 63, 79, 98,99, 103,107,115,120,133 INDEX OF GEOGRAPHIC NAMES 227
Istria (lstra, Istrian Peninsula); HR; 32, 33, Kalavryta (Kalavrita); GR; Peloponnesus; 43 101, 115 Itala Marina; IT; Sicily 1.; 126 Kalymnos (Kalimnos, It. Calino, Calinmo, Italy (/tal. and Lat. Italia); IT; xv, xvi, 1, 3, 8, anc. Calymna, Calymnos), Island; GR; 9, 10, 12, 27, 29, 39, 41, 44, 47, 49, 50, 156 53, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 61, 62, 63, 64, 70, Kalithea (ref Kalithies); GR; Rhodes I.; 103 73, 74, 76, 77, 79, 81, 84, 85, 86, 87, 89, Kalivya (Kalivia); GR; Peloponnesus; 114 90, 91, 92, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, Kamchatka, Peninsula; RU; xiii 114, 116, 117, 121, 125, 130, 133, 136, Kanina (Canina, Kanine, ref Kanino); AL; 162, 163, 174, 179, 180, 181, 182, 187, 81, 104, 106 188,204 Karabunara (Karbunare, Carbunara); AL; 89 ltanos; GR; Crete I.; 19 Karaburun (Kara Burun), Peninsula; AL; 81, Itea, Bay of; GR; 161 104 Itea, village; GR; 101, 102, 103, 112 Karagolfa (ref Caragolfa); TU; 88 Ithaca (Ithaki, Ithakt!), Island; GR; 134, 145, Kardhiakavti (Kardhiakavtion); GR; 146, 147, 186 Peloponnesus; 114 Izenzino (ref); GR; Peloponnesus; 108 Karistos (Carystus, Karistou); GR; Euboea I.; Izmir (form. Smyrna, Smime), city; TU; 40, 137, 138, 157 84, 99, 103, 107, 111, 116, 137, 146, 157, Karpathos (/t. Scarpanto, anc. Carpathus or 158, 184 Carpathos), Island; GR; Dodecanese Is.; Izmir (form. Smyrna, Smime), Province; TU; 103, 144, 156, 185 40, 90, 104, 110 Karpenision (Carpenisi, Carpenison); GR; Izmir (form. Gulf of Smyrna, anc. Sinus 101 Smymaeus), Gulf of; TU; 141,158 Kasaba (now Turgutlu); TU; 107 Izmit (Ismid, Kocaeli, anc. Astacus, later Kasos (It. Caso, anc. Casus), Island; Nicomedia), city; TU; 32, 52, 53, 54, 114 Dodecanese Is.; 103, 157 Izmit (Gulf of lzmid), Gulf of; TU; 172 Kasos, Strait; GR; ix Kaspakas; GR; Limnos 1.; 161 Kassandra (Cassandra, anc. Pallene), J Peninsula; GR; Chalkidiki Penin.; 22 Jaffa [see Tel Aviv]; IS; 21, 43, 44, 185 Kastris (ref); GR; 112 Japan; JA; viii, xiii, 173, 176 Kastro (Andiparos);' GR; Andiparos I.; 156 Japan Sea; viii, x Katapola; GR; Amorgos 1.; 155 Jerusalem (Ar. Al-Quds esh Sherif, Heb. Kato Zakros; GR; Crete 1.; 19 Yerushalayim, anc. Hierosolyma); IS; 34, Katsamba (ref); GR; Crete I.; 19 37, 43, 44, 103 Kavakli; TU; 172 Jijel (Djidjelli, Jijeli, anc. lgilgili); AG; 94, Kavala (Kavalla); GR; 140, 142 95,96,97 Kea (Keos, Tzia, anc. Ceos ), Island; GR; NW Joppolo; IT; 66 Cyclades Is.; 51 Jordan (form. Transjordan, off Hashemite Kefallonia (Kephall!nia, Kefallinia, Kingdom of Jordan); 28 Cephalonia, anc. Cephaleina), Island; GR; Jordan, River; IS, SY; 43, 44 50, 107, 108, 109, 134, 145, 146, 147, 186 Jubeil (Jubayl, Djebei'l, anc. Byblos); LE; 31 Kel~yre (Klisura, Kleisoura, Kelcyrl!); AL; Julia (ref or Ferdinandea), Island; IT (betw. 104 Sicily and Africa); 80 Kerkyra (Kerkira, Corfu, anc. Corcyra), Island; GR; 59, 79, 109, 110, 114, 115, K 134, 145, 186 Kherba; AG; 118 Kalamaki (Kalamakion); GR; Peloponnesus; Khersonisos (Litteraly ''peninsula" was 101, 102 applied to sever/ peninsulas, The Kalamata (Kalamae, Kalamai, ref Chersonese, anc. Chersonesus, here see Calamata); GR; Peloponnesus; 109 Gallipoli), Peninsula; TU; 39 Kalamitsi (Kalamitsion); GR; Levkas 1.; 145 Khortata; GR; Levkas 1.; 134 228 INDEX OF GEOGRAPHIC NAMES
Kilidibakhir (Kilid Bahr, Kildiirbahir, Lacedaemon [see Sparta]; GR; Peloponnesus; Kilitibahir); TU; Gallipoli Penin.; 99, 107 108 Kilini (Killini, Killinis); GR; Peloponnesus; Laconia (Lakonia, Lakonias), Department; 114 GR; Peloponnesus; 108, 109 Kimolos (Cimolus, It. Argentiera), Island; Laconia (Lakonikos Kolpos), Gulf of; GR; GR; SW Cyclades Is.; 157 Peloponnesus; 109, 110 Kiparissi; GR; 23, 122 Ladon (Ladonas), River; GR; Peloponnesus; Kiparissia; GR; Peloponnesus; 134 115 Kirfis (Xerovouni); GR; 101 Latino•; IT; 41 Kition (Kiti, anc. Cition); CY; Cyprus 1.; 26 Laki (Lakki), town; GR; Leros 1.; 156, 157, Kleitoria (Klitoria); GR; Peloponnesus; 115 159 Klisura [see Kell:\yre]; AL; 81, 89 Lalas (ref Lala, Sali); GR; Peloponnesus; 77 Knossos (Cnossus, Gnossus); GR; Crete I.; Lambiri (Lambirion); GR; 160 17, 19, 26, 29 Lamia (Zituni); GR; Peloponnesus; 23, 112 Kolea; AG; 72 Lanciano; IT; 47 Kolumbos (ref); GR; 51 Langada; GR; Chios 1.; 145 Komilio; GR; Levkas 1.; 134 Lari; IT; 84 Kontaraena (ref); GR; Levkas I.; 134 Larino; IT; 47 Korcula (It. Curzola, anc. Corcyra Nigra), Larisa (Larissa, Yeni~ehir); GR; 23, 134, 145 Island; HR; 82 Lastra (Lastra a Signa); IT; 59 Kos (Cos, It. Coo), Island; GR; Dodecanese Latakia (Ladikija, Ar. AI Liidhiqiyah, Fr. Is.; 27, 3l, 32, 53, 142, 157, 184 Lattaquie, anc. Laodicea or Laodicea ad Kos (Cos), town; GR; Kos 1.; 103 Mare); SY; 62,77 Koskinou; GR; Rhodes I.; 103 Lavarande (Sidi Lakhdar); AG; 118 Kostrena; HR; 82 Lavrio (Laurion, Lavrion, Laurium, Kotor (Cataro); MW; 82 Lavreion), District; GR; 140 Krakatau (Krakaoa, Krakatao, Malay Lazio (Latium), District; IT; 136 Rakata), volcano-Island; ID; 21 Lazzaro; IT; 126, 128 Kraljevica; HR; 82 Le Paillon (ref Paglione), River; FR; 94, 116, Kremasti (ref Cremasti); GR; Rhodes 1.; 103 163 Krk (It. Veglia), Island; HR; 82 Lebanon (Fr. Liban, Ar. Lubniin); LE; 22, 32, Ksanti-Drlie; MC; 79 36, 38, 44, 63, 103, 104, 185 Kudhesi (Kudhes); AL; 104 Lebena (Levin, Lebin); GR; Crete 1.; 26 Kuril islands; RU; vii, x Leece; IT; 61, 81, 89 Kurii-Kamchatka Island Arc (Kurile- Lentini (Leontini); IT; Sicily I.; 36, 55 Kamchatka, Kurilo-Kamchatskaya Lepanto [see Corinth], Gulf of; GR; 103 Ostrovnaya Duga); RU; vii, ix, 13, 69 Leros (It. Lero), Island; GR; Dodecanese Is.; Kuru~;esme; TU; 98 156,157,158,159,171 Kurzola •; HR; 113 Leros (It. Lero), town; GR; Leros 1.; 156 Kythira (Gr. Kithera, Kythera, Kithira, Lat. Lesina, Lagoon (now lake); IT; 48 Cythera, It. Cerigo), Island; GR; Ionian Lesina, village; IT; 48 Is.; 49, 106, 107, 109, 110, 157, 185 Lesina (ref Lessina, see Hvar), Island; HR; Kythira, Strait; GR; 173, 174, 175 112, 113 Kythira, town; GR; Kythira 1.; 110 Lesvos (Lesbos, Mytilene, Mitylene, Mitilini), Island; GR; Aegean Is.; 107, 146, 184 L Leukatas (Levkatas, anc. Leucates), Mt; GR; Levkas 1.; 134 L'IIe Rousse (lie Rousse); FR; Corsica I.; Leukosis• (Levkos ?); GR; Peloponnesus; 163 115 La Calle (now El Kala); AG; 95 Levadeia (Livadia, Levadhia, Livadia, La Salis, beach; FR; 162 Lebadea); GR; 91 La Spezia, Gulf of; IT; 74, 189 Levantian Sea (part of the Mediterranean Sea La Vesubie, River; FR; 44 between the shores of W Greece and W INDEX OF GEOGRAPHIC NAMES 229
Egypt); 22, 25, 26, 28, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, Lucca; IT; 85 36,43,44,62,63,77, 147 Lucera; IT; 47 Levkas, city; GR; 76, 79, 111, 133, 134, 145, Lydia (Ancient Country in Asia Minor); TV; 186 21 Levkas (Leukas, Lefkas, Gr. Lefkada, Lysimachia (Lisimakhia, Lisimachia); GR; Leukada, Levkada, anc. Leucadia, It. 39 Santa Maura), Island; GR; 76, 79, 107, 109,111,133,134,144,145 M Libya (Libia - Anc. Greek name for N Africa outside ofEgypt, later, part ofAfrica Macchia; IT; Sicily 1.; 111 immediately W ofEgypt); 5 Macedon (Macedonian state - ancient country Libya (Libia, AI Libiyah, off Socialist and kingdom); GR, MC; 3, 22 People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya); L Y; Macedonia (Makedonia, Makedonija, anc. 15, 27, 29, 128 Macedon); GK, MK; 79 Lichades (Likhadhes, Lithadbes, Lihada), Madonna del Lanto•; IT; 42 Island; GR; 23 Maggiore (It. Lago Maggiore, anc. Verbanus Lidhorikion; GR; 101 Lacus), Lake; IT; 108 Liguria, Adm. Reg.; IT; 117 Magizano; IT; 81 Ligurian Sea (anc. Sinus Ligusticus); 1, 11, Magnesia (now Manisa, Manissa, anc. 12, 44, 56, 59, 61, 62, 64, 74, 76, 77, 79, Magnesia ad Sipylum); TV; 107 80, 84, 85, 86, 87, 89, 90, 91, 92, 94, 103, Magoulades; GR; Kerkyra I.; 134 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 121, 133, 162, Mahon (Ma6, En. Port Mahon, anc. Portus 189,204 Magonis); SP; Menorka I.; 95, 96, 97 Limassol (Limesos, Limasol, anc. Lemessus); Makarska (anc. Mocrum); HR; 143 CY; Cyprus 1.; 37 Makri (Makry), Island; GR; Dodecanese Is.; Limnos (U!mnos, Lenmos), Island; GR; 24, 103 99,107,138,139,161,170,184 Makri [see Fethyie]; TV; 87 Lipari, Island; IT; Lipari Is.; 135, 148 Malaga (anc. Malaca); SP; 5, 29, 64, 149, Lipari, town; IT; Lipari 1.; 143 150, 152, 154, 165, 167, 169 Lipari islands (Isole Eolie, Aeolian islands, Malamocco, Island; IT; 35 anc. Aeoliae Insulae); IT; 10, 54, 67, 78, Malamocco, town; IT; 35, 53 120, 121, 124, 130, 135, 137, 141, 143, Malfa; IT; Salina 1.; 137 148, 188 Malia (Mallia); GR; Crete 1.; 19 Lipsos (Leipsoi, It. Lisso, Lipso), Island; GR; Maliacus (Maliakos, form. Gulf of Lamia, Dodecanese Is.; 156 Maliakos Kolpos, anc. Maliacus Sinus), Lisbon (Port. Lisboa, anc. Olisipo also Gulf of; GR; 22, 24, 31 Felicitas Julia); PO; xvi Malito; IT; 50 Lituya, Bay of; US; Alaska; 19 Mallorca (Majorca, Fr. Majorque, anc. Livenza, River; IT; 43 Balearis Major), Island; SP; Balearic Is.; Livisio (ref); TV; 88 95,96 Livorno (En. Leghorn), city; IT; 50, 59, 60, Maligns; GR; Rhodes 1.; 103 61, 64, 76, 79, 84, 85, 86, 87, 89, 90, 91, Malta (anc. Melt), Island; MT; Maltese Is.; 133, 189, 190 54, 56, 61, 75, 95, 96, 104, 109, 111, 116, Livorno, River; IT; 68 126, 128, 129, 130, 150 Lixouri (Lixourion, Lixuri); GR; Kefallonia Mandelieu (Mandelieu-La-Napoule); FR; 93 1.; 108, 109 Manfredonia, Gulf of; IT; 48, 63 Ljubljana (Lyublyana, Ger. Laibach, anc. Manfredonia, town; IT; 48, 63 Emona); SI; 72 Mani; GR; Peloponnesus; 108 Locorotondo; IT; 109 Mantua (It. Mantova); IT; 29, 49 Locris (Lokris, Locrida, Lokrida), Region; Manzala (Ar. Manzala, Bahra el, Bahayrat GR;120 Manzilah), Lagoon or Lake; EG; 20 Lombardy (It. Lombardia); IT; 39 Mapoka (ref); GR; Peloponnesus; 115 Lorenzana; IT; 84, 87 Marachontora•; GR; Levkas 1.; 134 Loutraki (Loutrakion); GR; 137 Marathias; GR; Peloponnesus; 160 230 INDEX OF GEOGRAPHIC NAMES
Marathon (Marathonas, Marathone, Methana (Methanon); GR; Peloponnesus; 29, Marathonos); GR; 122 37,140 Marcedusa; IT; 81 Methone (Methoni); GR; Peloponnesus; 144 Marikaj (Maricaj, Marikay, Marizaj); AL; Metropolis (Ancient city); GR; Thira I.; 18, 81, 89,104 20 Marina; IT; 124 Mezzo (ref Mozzo, Fr. Mejet, Otok, Lopud), Marina Grande; IT; 67, 68 Island; HR; 52 Maritime Alps (Fr. Alpes Maritimes, It. Alpi Mila; AG; 95 Maritime, anc. Alpes Maritimae), Milan (Milano, anc. Mediolanium); IT; 62, Mountain Range; IT, FR; 44 74,85 Marmara Sea (Turk. Marmara Denizi, anc. Milazzo (anc. Mylae); IT; Sicily I.; 124, 126 Propontis); 1, 4, 12, 27, 30, 32, 34, 37, 38, Mileto; IT; 65, 123 39, 42, 51, 63, 79, 98, 114, 120, 132, 133, Miliana; AG; 118 183,204 Milos (Melos, It. Milo), Island; GR; Cyclades Marmaris (Marmarice); TU; 103 Is.; 138, 140, 157, 184 Marmaro; GR; Chios I.; 145, 146 Mirina; GR; Limnos I.; 161 Marsala; IT; Sicily I.; 137, 142 Misilmeri; IT; Sicily I.; 143 Marseille (Marseilles, anc. Massilia); FR; 74, Missia (Oued Missia), River; AG; 96 76, 79, 80, 85, 86, 93, 150, 189, 190 Mitidja•, Plain; AG; 72 Marslaforno; MT; Gozo I.; 126 Modena (anc. Mutina), Province; IT; 76 Martirano;IT; 123 Molini, Cape; IT; Sicily I.; 126 Masari• (ref); GR; Rhodes I.; 103 Molise, Adm. Reg.; IT; 73 Mascali; IT; Sicily I.; 38, 54 Monasina, Mt; IT; 67 Massaciuccoli, Lake; IT; 85 Monastiraki; GR; Peloponnesus; 160 Mazara del Vallo; IT; Sicily I.; 141 Montecatini (Montecatini Terme); IT; 85 Mediterranean Sea (anc. Mare Intemum); Monteleone di Calabria (now Vibo xiii, xv, xviii, 1, 2, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15,20, Valentia); IT; 64, 111, 123 25, 27, 29, 37, 46, 64, 71, 83, 104, 111, Montenegro (Serbo-Croat. Crna Gora, 148,164,165,180,181,183,192 Tsemagora); MW; 1, 8, 9, 162, 187, 204 Meganitas (Meganitos), River; 100 Monte-Nuove, volcano; IT; 43 Megaspilaon (Megaspilain, Megaspilaion); Monteparano; IT; 81 GR; Peloponnesus; 101 Montescudaio; IT; 84 Mele, Cape; IT; 59 Montesegale; IT; 79 Melfi; IT; 55, 59 Montignano• (ref); IT; 48 Meloria (Torre della Meloria), Island; IT; 60 Morea (Moria, Name ofPeloponnesus under Menfi; IT; Sicily I.; 74 Roman Empire); GR; 73, 77 Menorca (Minorca), Island; SP; Balearic Is.; Moschylos, volcano; GR; Chrysi I.; 24 95 Moscow (Rus. Moskva); RU; ix, x, xiv, xvii Menton (It. Mentone); FR; 93, 94, 116 Motta S. Anastasia; GR; Sicily I.; 75 Mersin (now I~el); TU; 103, 104 Motta Sta Lucia; IT; 50 Mesopotamia (bib. Paddan-Aram); IZ; 31, 37 Moudros; GR; Limnos I.; 161 Messina (anc. Zancle, later Messana, Mouzaia; AG; 118 Messene), city; IT; Sicily I.; 36, 46, 51, Munich (MUnchen); GM; 100 54, 55, 61, 64, 65, 66, 67, 69, 78, 83, 109, Murcia, Province; SP; 164 111, 112, 116, 125, 126, 130, 131, 132, Mycenae (Mikenes, Ancient city, ruined); 135, 137, 188 GR; Peloponnesus; 19 Messina (anc. Siculum Fretum), Strait; IT; Mykonos (Mikonos), Island; GR; 138 10, 36, 51, 66, 67, 121, 125,130, 181, 188 Mykonos, village; GR; Mikonos I.; 138 Messini (Messinia, Messenia, Messiniakos Mytilini (Mytilini, Mitilini, Mytilene); GR; Kolpos,form. Gulf of Koronl!, Gulf of Lesbos I.; 84, 99, 107, 108 Kalamata), Gulf of; GR; Peloponnesus; Mytilenei (Mytilinoi, Mitilinii); GR; Samos 109,110 I.; 139 Messini (Messinia, Messenia), city; GR; Peloponnesus; 109, 116 INDEX OF GEOGRAPHIC NAMES 231
N Nydri (Nidhrion, Nidhri, Nidri, Nidrion); GR; Levkas 1.; 134 Nablus (Nabulus, anc. Shechem, later Neapolis); IS; 34, 36, 44, 112 Nafpaktos (Navpaktos, Navpraktos, 0 Navpracton, It. Lepanto, anc. Naupactus); Odessus (anc., now Varna); BU; 30 GR; 31,101 Oesylos (ref); GR; Peloponnesus; 109 Nafplio (Nafplion, Nauplion, Navplion); GR:; Ognina; IT; Sicilia; 126 Peloponnesus; 139, 140 Okhotsk Sea; RU; x Naples, Bay of; IT; 10, 26, 35, 39, 41, 43, 45, Okum •; GR; 23 49, 53, 54, 55, 58, 63, 73, 74, 87, 124, Olivadi; IT; 123 188, 189 Oliveto; IT; 67 Naples (Ita/. Napoli, anc. Neapolis), city; IT; Ombla (Ombla Dubrovska, Rijeka); HR; 82 30,39,43,45,47,49,53,54,55,57,58, Oneglia; IT; 76, 93, 116, 117, 121 59, 61, 63, 73, 74, 81, 82, 85, 87, 89, 124, Opus (Opous); GR; 23 128, 129, 130, 136 Opuzena; HR; 82 Narta; AL; 81, 89, 104, 105 Oran; AG; 71, 150, 190 Naso; IT; Sicily 1.; 46, 55, 78 Orchomenos (Orhomenos, Orkhomenos); Nazilli; TU; 103 GR; Peloponnesus; 23 Neapoli (Neapolis); GR; Peloponnesus; 109 Orciano (Orciano Pisano); IT; 84, 86 Near East (General term for the countries of Oreon (Oreo); GR; Euboea 1.; 23 SW Asia); 1, 5, 6, 7, 12, 20, 21, 22, 25, Orfani (Orfanou Kolpos, see Strymonic 28, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 40, 43, 44, 62, Gulf), Gulf of; GR; 142 63, 77,204 Orleansville iform., see Ech-Cheliff); AG; Nemi (anc. Nemorensis Lacus), Lake; IT; 74 118,148,149,164,190 Neohori (Neokhori, Neochori); GR; Orobies (ref, now Rovies); GR; 23 Peloponnesus; 114 Ouled Abdallakh•; AG; 96 Nero, Cape; IT; 85 Nettuno; IT; 74, 136, 189 p New Phocaea (Yeni Fo~a, Yenifo~a, see Fo~a); TU; 40 Pace; IT; Sicily 1.; 126 Nicaea; (anc., Turk. Iznik, angl. Nice); TU; Paci, Cape; IT; 69 34 Paci (ref), Mt; IT; 68 Nicastro; IT; 50, 123 Pacific Ocean; vii, viii, 3, 7, 13, 15 Nice (It. Nizza, anc. Nicaea); FR; 44, 76, 79, Padua (It. Padova, anc. Patavium); IT; 43, 61 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 103, 114, 115, 117, Pagania, Cape; GR; Peloponnesus; 109 162, 163, 189, 190 Palaikastro (Palaikastron, Palekastro, Nicolidea•; TU; 34 Paleokastro, ref Palaio-Kastro); GR; Nicomedia [see Izmit]; TU; 27, 29 Crete 1.; 19, 156 Nicosia (Lefkosia, Levkosia); CY; 37 Palermo (anc. Panormus, Panhormus); GR; Nicotera; IT; 65, 67 Sicily 1.; 78, 80, 123, 136, 137, 143, 144, Nile (Lat. Nilus, Ar. AI-Bahr, Bahr-en-Nil), 188 River; EG; 20, 33, 38 Palestine (Lat. Palaestina, bib. Canaan), Nirou-Hani•; GR; Crete 1.; 19 Region, SW Asia; IS, JO; 31, 33, 35, 36, Nisyros (Niceros, Nysiros, Nisiros, Niseros, 37,38,40,43,44,63 It. Nisiro), Island; GR; Dodecanese Is.; Pallene [see Kassandra], Peninsula; GR; 156 Chalkidiki Penin.; 22 Nisida (anc. Nesis), Island; IT; 49 Pallene• (Potidaea ?), town; GR; Chalkidiki Nizza di Sicilia; IT; Sicily 1.; 126 Penin.; 22 Norcia (Nursia); IT; 56 Palma de Mallorca (Palma, Palma de Norway; NO; 180 Majorca); SP; Mallorca 1.; xvii, 169 Novara (anc. Novaria), city, prov.; IT; 93 Palmarola, Island; IT; 119 Novosibirsk; RU; ix, xiii Palmi; IT; 65, 121 Paludi; IT; 82 232 INDEX OF GEOGRAPHIC NAMES
Panarea (Panaria, anc. Euonymus), Island; Philippeville [form., see Skikda]; AG; 97 IT; Lipari Is.; 135, 148 Phlegraean Fields (Phlegraean Plain, Flegrei Panaya(ref); T1J;99 Fields, It. Campi Flegrei), volcanic Pantanello (ref), Lake; IT; 69 region; IT; 44 Pantelleria, Island; IT; 80 Piana (Piana della Limina); IT; 65 Panyperu (Panioperu, Paniperion); GR; Piane Crati; IT; 50 Peloponnesus; 144 Piccolo, Lagoon; IT; Capri I.; 135 Paola; IT; 123 Piedmont (It. Piemonte); IT; 56, 74 Papanice; IT; 81 Pietra Lunga, reef; IT; 117 Paphos (Pafos, anc. Paphus); CY; 26, 28,37 Pieve di Sta Luce; IT; 84 Paradiso; IT; Sicily I.; 126 Pigadia; GR; Karpathos I.; 144 Paraspolo (ref); IT; Sicily 1.; 75 Pinerolo (Fr. Pinerol); IT; 74, 93 Paris (anc. Lutetia, Luttetia Parisiorum); FR; Piraeus (Peiraias, Piraievs, Peiraeus, 93 Piraieus); GR; 91, 100, 112, 138, 140, Parma; IT; 76 157,158,183 Parnassus (Pamassos Oros), Mt; GR; 101, Pirnaki (Prinakion); GR; 112 112 Pisa (anc. Pisae); IT; 39, 59, 85, 89, 90, 163 Passero, Cape; IT; Sicily 1.; 126 Pishve•; HR; 143 Paterno; IT; Sicily I.; 75 Pispilounda (Pispilounta); GR; Chios 1.; 145 Patmos (Pathmos, It. Patmo), Island; GR; 51, Pitavski•, beach; HR; Hvar 1.; 143 156 Pitvom•; HR; 143 Patras (Patra, Patrei, Patrai, anc. Patrae ), city; Pizzo (Pizzo di Calabria); IT; 50, 120, 124, GR; Peloponnesus; 31, 73, 75, 77, 102, 137 105, 109, 113, 114, 115 Plovdiv (Philippopolis, Filibe, anc. Patras (Gulf of Patrai, Patral"kos Kolpos, anc. Eumolpias); BU; 99 Sinus Caledonius), Gulf of; GR; 73, 77, Po (anc. Padus, myth. Eridanus), River; IT; 186 47, 187 Patti; IT; Sicily I.; 78 Po di Primaro, River; IT; Branch of Po Pegomas; FR; 93 River; 47 Pekini (Pekin, Pequin, Pekinj); AL; 136 Policastro; IT; 81 Pelinaion (Pelineo), Mts; GR; Chios I.; 146 Pollara; IT; Salina I.; 137 Pellaro; IT; 120, 126, 128, 130 Pompei (Pompeii, Ancient city ofRoman Pellice, River; IT; 74 Empire); IT; 10, 26, 27 Peloponnesus (Peloponnisos, Peloponnese, Ponza (Pontine, Ponzian, anc. Pontiae ), Peloponnesus, Peloponnesos, in the Island; IT; Ponza Is.; 73, 119 Middle Ages - Morea), Peninsula; GR; 4, Pordenone (Ge. Portenau); IT; 62, 116 29,38, 73, 75, 77,100,101,108,109, Poro, Mt; IT; 123 115,116,122,144,157,186 Poros; GR; Levkas I.; 134 Peloro; IT; 69 Portici; IT; 63, 74, 124 Peparithos; GR; 23 Porto Empedocle; IT; Sicily 1.; 126, 136 Pephkoulia (ref), Mt; GR; Levkas 1.; 134 Porto Maurizio (Imperia); IT; 44, 76, 79, 93, Perpignan; FR; 116 155, 190 Pesaro (anc. Pisaurum); IT; 79 Porto Scala; GR; Astypalaia 1.; 155 Pe§tani (Pe§tan, Peshtani, Peshtan); AL; 81, Portoferraio; IT; Elba 1.; 85 89, 104 Portugal; PO; xvi, 180 Petalidi (Petalidhi, Petalidhion, Petalidion); Poseidonia (Posidhonia); GR; 170 GR; Peloponnesus; 109 Potamaki (ref), Bay of; GR; 102 Petilia; IT; 81 Potenza (anc. Potentia); IT; 55, 81 Petite Phocee (ref, Old Focha ?, see F~a); Pothea•; GR; Kalymnos 1.; 156 T1J; 107 Potidaea (Potidea, later Cassandreia); GR; Petrina; Gr; Peloponnesus; 109 Kassandra Penin.; 22 Pezzo, Cape; IT; 128 Pounda; GR; Peloponnesus; 100 Phalara• [see Stilis]; GR; 23 Pozzilo; IT; Sicily I.; 78 Phesnies; GR; 91 INDEX OF GEOGRAPHIC NAMES 233
Pozzuoli (anc. Puteoli, Dicaearchia); IT; 43, Rimini (anc. Arirninium); IT; 53, 114, 187 45,189 Rimouski; CA; xvi Prasonisi (now islet), Cape; GR; Rhodes I.; Rion (Rio, Rhion); GR; Peloponnesus; 101 157 Ripalta; IT; 47 Preveza (Prebeza); GR; 79,111 Riparbella; IT; 84 Priamurye [see Amur Region]; RU; ix Riposto; IT; Sicily I.; 126 Primorye, Region; RU; vii, ix Riva (Riva del Garda); IT; 110 Princes (Kizil islands, Turk. Kizil Adalar, Riviera; FR, IT; 62, 117,162 anc. Demonesi Insulae) islands; TU; 34, Rizzuto, Cape; IT; 67 98 Robertville (now Em Jez ed Chich); AG; 97 Proconnesus (anc., Proconesos, now Rocca di Neto; IT; 81 Marmara), Island; TU; 37 Roccabernarda; IT; 81 Prodromos (ref); GR; Peloponnesus; 109 Roccalumera; IT; Sicily 1.; 126 Provence (Lat. Provincia); FR; 44 Roccapalumba; IT; Sicily I.; 78 Psara (lpsara, Psyra), Island; GR; 146 Roccella lonica (Roccella); IT; 67, 70, 124, Psathopyrgos; GR; Peloponnesus; 160 188 Psira; GR; Crete I.; 19 Romagna (anc. Romania); IT; 52, 64 Ptoon, Mt; GR; 91 Rome (It., anc. Roma); IT; 27, 56, 64, 65, 73, Pulkovo; RU; 109 74,116 Punta del Pezzo; IT; 66 Rosignano (Rosignano Marittimo); IT; 84 Punta della Guardia; IT; 119 Rossano (anc. Roscianum); IT; 81, 82, 188 Pylos (Pilos); GR; 116 Russia (Rus. Rossia, off. Russian Federation); Pyrgos (Pirgos); GR; Peloponnesus; 114 RU; viii, xv, xvii
Q s Quebec (Fr. Quebec); CA; xvi S. Agata (S. Agata di Militello); IT; Sicily 1.; 78 R S. Alessio (S. Alessio Siculo); IT; Sicily 1.; 128 Raamses [Ramses, see Tanis]; EG; 20 S. Antonio; IT; Sicily I.; 111 Ragusa [see Dubrovnik]; HR; 162 S. Bartolo; IT; Stromboli I.; 135 Ramah (Rama, anc. Arimathea, Arimathaea); S. Eufemia, Gulf of; IT; 123 IS; 44 • S. Giorgio Ia Molara; IT; 73 Ramallah (Ram Allah); IS; 34, 35 S. Giovanni Rotondo; IT; 47 Randazzo; IT; Sicily 1.; 75 S. Magno sol Calore; IT; 55 Red Sea (anc. Sinus Arabicus, Mare S. Marco; IT; 47 Erythraeum, Mare Rubrum); 20, 112 S.Mauro; 81 Reggio di Calabria (Reggio, Reggio S. Paolo di Civitate; IT; 47 Calabria); IT; 44, 51, 64, 66, 67, 68, 112, S. Pietro, Island; IT; 95, 96, 97 125,126,128,131,132,137,188 S. Procopio; IT; 65 Resina (now Ercolano); IT; 74 S. Regolo; IT; 84 Rethymno (Rethimnon, Rethymnon, S. Severo; IT; 47, 59 Rethymnos, Retymni!, Retimo); GR; S. Vincenzo; IT; 85 Crete 1.; 156 Safsaf (Oued Safsaf), River; AG; 95, 97 Rhodes, city; GR; Rhodes I.; 27, 37, 41, 103 Saida (Saida, Sayda, anc. Sidon, Zidon); LE; Rhodes (Rodhos, Rhodos, Rodos, Ita/. Rodi, 22 Lat. Rhodus), Island; GR; 5, 24, 27, 38, Saida (Saida); AG; 119 41, 46, 59, 83, 87, 88, 103, 104, 105, 184, Saint Arnaud (El Eulma); AG; 119 185 Sakhalin, Island; RU; vii, ix, x Rialto; IT; 76 Salamina, Strait; GR; 158 Rignano; IT; 47 Salamis (Byz. Constantia); CY; 26 Rijeka (Rieka, It. Fiume, Ger. Sankt Veit am Salentine (Salentina), Peninsula; IT; 61 Flaum); HR; 62, 72, 82, 187 Salerno (anc. Salernum); IT; 55, 91 234 INDEX OF GEOGRAPHIC NAMES
Salina (Didyme), Island; IT; Lipari Is.; 121, Setif (Stif); AG; 95, 96, 97 135, 137, 143 Shikotan, Island; RU; Kuril Is.; viii Salmenikos (ref), Cape; GR; 160 Shkoder (Shkodra, It. Sccutari, anc. Scodra); Salza lrpina; IT; 55 AL; 109 Samandagi(Samandag); 111;33, 185 Shkumbin (Shkurnbi), River; AL; 136 Sambiase; IT; 50 Sicily (/tal. and an c. Sicilia, Trinacria), Sambuca (Sambuca di Sicilia); 75 Island; IT; xvi, 1, 4, 10, 27, 28, 29, 33, 36, Samos (Tur. Susam), Island; GR; Sporades; 38, 46, 50, 54, 56, 58, 63, 64, 65, 74, 75, 139, 146 78, 80, 81, 83, 109, 110, 123, 124, 125, Samothraki (anc. Samothrace, Samothracia), 126, 127, 128, 130, 136, 137, 141, 143, Island; GR; 20, 99, 119, 184 144,148,181,182,188,204 San Remo (Sanremo); IT; 44, 62, 76, 80, 113, Sidi Amar; AG; 171 117, 121, 189, 190 Sidney (Sidney, BC); CA; xvii Sannicandro; IT; 47, 48 Siena (anc. Siena Julia); IT; 85, 87 Santorini [see Tbira], Island; GR; 16, 18, 56, Sikinos (Sichinos), Island; GR; 51, 156, 158 111 Sikiona (Sikyon, Sicyon); GR; Peloponnesus; Santorini (Santorin), volcano; GR; Tbira I.; 101 4, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 26, 34, 51, 56, Simeri; IT; 81 105, 155, 176 Simeto, River; IT; Sicily 1.; 75 Sardinia (It. Sardegna), Island; IT; 85, 95, 96, Sinopoli; IT; 65 97, 116, 136, 163 Sipan (Giuppana); HR; 82 Saros (Saros Korfezi), Gulf of; 111; 39, 132, Siponto; IT; 59 140 Skartia (Skarphia, Scarphia); GR; 23 Sarpadja•; 111; 115 Skikda iform. Philippeville); AG; 95 Sassari; IT; Sardinia 1.; 163 Skopelos, Island; GR; N. Sporades Is.; 23, 24, Savona; IT; 76,117,121,189,190 157 Sazanit (Sazan, It. Saseno, Sasseno, anc. Skyros (Skiros), Island; GR; N. Sporades Is.; Sason), Island; AL; 81, 136 138 Scala Coeli; IT; 82 Siano; HR; 82 Scalea; IT; 124 Smokthina (Smokthine); AL; 81, 89, 104 Scandale; IT; 81 Smyrna [see Izmir]; 111; 34 Sciacca; IT; Sicily 1.; 74, 80, 188 Sofia (Sophya, anc. Sofiya); BU; 99 Scido; IT; 65 Sokoro; GR; Lipsos 1.; 156 Scigliano Diano; IT; 50 Sorrento (anc. Surrentum); IT; 49, 53, 54, 55, Scilla (anc. Scyla, myth. Charybdis); IT; 64, 58,73 65,67,68,69, 70,120,188 Souda (Soudha); GR; Crete 1.; 156, 157, 159 Selianitika; GR; Peloponnesus; 160 Souk Ahras (Suk Ahras); AG; 97 Selinous, River; GR; Peloponnesus; 100 Southern Sporades (Dodecanese, Gk. Notiai Selva; SP; Mallorca I.; 57 Sporadhes, see Spoprades), islands; GR; Sempione road (Simplon), Pass in Alps; SZ, 32 IT; 108 Soveria (Soveria Mannelli); IT; 81 Sendai; JA; 176 Spain (Span. Espafia, anc. Hispania); SP; 1, 5, Senigallia (anc. Sena Gallica); IT; 79, 114, 12, 29, 64, 71, 72, 100, 148, 164, 166, 187 170, 190, 204, 206 Senj (It. Segna, Hung. Zengg); HR; 82 Sparta (Sparti, anc. Lacedaemon); GR; Serbonis (Sirbonis, now dry land in Lower Peloponnesus; 109 Egypt near Suez Canal), Lagoon (Lake); Spartunta (ref); GR; Chios 1.; 145 EG; 20 Spercheios (Sperhios, Sperkhios), River; GR; Sergoula; GR; 170, 186 23 Serifos (Serithos, Seriphos), Island; GR; 27, Spetses (Spetsai), Island; GR; 157 109, 157 Spetses (Spetsai), town; GR; Spetses I.; 140 Serracapriola; IT; 47 Split (Spljet, It. Spalato, anc. Spalatum); HR; Sesoula (Sessoula), Islet; GR; Levkas 1.; 79 82, 113, 143 Sesto Calende; IT; 108 INDEX OF GEOGRAPHIC NAMES 235
Sporades (Two groups ofGreak islands in the T Aegean Sea: Northern Sporades and Southern Sporades ), islands; GR; 24, 37 Tacina, River; IT; 81 St. Paul; FR; 93 Taggia; IT; 80 Sta Cristina; IT; 65 Talantonissi [see Atalanti]; GR; 23 Sta Severina; IT; 81 Tangier (Tangiers, Fr., Ger., Sp. Tanger, Ar. Sta Sofia (Sta Sofia Cosenza); IT; 64 Tanjah, anc. Tingis); MO; 63, 104, 190 Sta Tecla; IT; Sicily 1.; 126 Tanis (bib. Zoan); 20 Sta Venerina; IT; Sicily I.; 111 Taormina (anc. Tauromenium); IT; Sicily 1.; Stabiae [see Castellamare di Stabia]; IT; 10, 36, 54,69 26 Taranto (anc. Tarentum); IT; 89 Stari Grad (Starigrad, It. Cittavecchia); HR; Tarcento; IT; 42 143 Tarfi (Tharphi, Tarphe); GR; 23,31 Stavraetos (ref Stavrota), Mt; GR; Levkas 1.; Tekirdag, Mts; TU; 132, 133 134 Tel Aviv (Tel Aviv-Yafo, Ar. Yafa, Heb. Steia (Sitia); GR; Crete I.; 156 Yafo, anc. Joppa); IS; 21, 43 Stilo, Cape; IT; 69 Temeni (Temenion); GR; Peloponnesus; 101, Sto Stefano di Rogliano; IT; 50 117 Stora; AG; 95, 96, 97 Tende, Col of; FR; 93 Strasbourg (Ger. Strassburg, anc. Tenedos (anc., see Bozcaada), Island; TU; 53, Argentoratum); FR; xvi 99, 184 Strezova (ref Stresowa), River; GR; Tenes; AG; 98, 118, 148, 164 Peloponnesus; 115 Tepelene (Tepeleni, Tepelena); AL; 81, 89, Strimon (Strimoniko Kolpos, Strymonic Gulf, 104 Strimonikos Kolpos, Kolpos Orfanou, Termini (Termini lmerese, anc. Thermae Gulf of Orfani, Gulf of Rendina, anc. Himerenses); IT; 78 Sinus Strymonicus), Gulf of; GR; 141, Termoli; IT; 47, 48 183 Terracina (anc. Anxur, later Tarracina); IT; Strimonas (Struma, Strymon), River; GR; 74 142 Terranova Sappo Minulio; IT; 65 Strofades (Strophades, Strofadhes), islands; Terrapilata; IT; 78 GR; 116 Thermopyles (Thermopiles, Thermopilai, Stromboli (anc. Strongyle), Island; IT; Lipari anc. Thermopylae, Thermopilae); GR; 23, Is.; 78, 121, 123, 135, 188 112 Stromboli, volcano; IT; Stromboli I.; 135, Thessaloniki (Salonika, Saloniki, Tur. 141, 148, 182 Selanik, anc. Therma, later Thessalonica); Strongyli (Strongili), Island; GR; 17 GR; 89, 99, 123, 139, 142, 158, 183 Stylis (Stilis, ref Phalara ); GR; 23 Thessaly (Gk. Thessalia); GR; 22, 89 Suden• (Saidon ?); GR; Peloponnesus; 101 Thesta (Festos, Faistos, Phaestos, Phastus ); Suez (Ar. As-Suways, El-Suweis); EG; 103 GR; Crete 1.; 19 Siir [see Tyre]; LE; 22, 25, 185 Thira (Thera,form. Santorin, anc. Thera, Svirna•; HR; 143 Santorini), Island; GR; 4, 16, 17, 18, 19, Sykia (Sikia, Sikea); GR; Peloponnesus; 117 26, 34, 51, 53, 56, 105, 111, 155, 176, 184 Symi (Syme, Simi), Island; GR; 103 Thira, town; GR; 155, 184 Symi (Syme, Simi), town; GR; Symi I.; 27 Thiva (Thivai, Thevai, anc. Theves or Sypilos (ref), Mt; TU; 21 Thebes); GR; 91 Syracuse (Siracusa, anc. Siracusae ); IT; Thrace (Gk. Thraki, anc. Thracia); GR; 28, Sicily I.; 36, 54, 126, 137 30, 32,39 Syria (Heb. Aram, Arab. Ash Sham, Esh Thronium•; GR; 23 Sham, As Siiriyah, Souriya), Anc. country; Tiber (It. Tevere, anc. Tiberis), River; IT; SY, LE, IS, JO; 6, 16, 20, 28, 31, 32, 34, 189 35,37,38,39,40,62, 116,185 Tilos (Telos), Island; GR; 24, 156, 157 Syros (Siros, Syra), Island; GR; Cen. Tolmino (Tolmin, Ger. Tolmein); SI; 42 Cyclades Is.; 109, 110, 138, 140, 141 Tolo (Tholos); GR; Peloponnesus; 139 236 INDEX OF GEOGRAPHIC NAMES
Torre Annunziata; IT; 73 u Torre del Cavallo (ref); IT; 68 Torre del Greco; IT; 53, 54, 55, 58, 73, 74 Udine (anc. Utina); IT; 42, 62 Torre di Archirafi; IT; Sicily 1.; 126 Ugarit (ancient city at the site ofmodern Ras Torre Faro (Torre del Faro); IT; Sicily I.; 64, Shamra); SY; 20 66, 68,69 United Kingdom; UK; 176 Torrevieja; SP; 100, 190 Urup, Island; RU; Kuril Is.; vii, 69 Toulon (anc. Telo Maritus); FR; 79,93 U.S.A.; US; viii Trani; IT; 47 U.S.S.R.; SU; vii, ix Trapani (anc. Drepanum); IT; Sicily I.; 144, Ustica, Island; IT; Sicilia; 135 188 Trebbiano; IT; 79 v Trecastagni; IT; Sicily 1.; 111 Tremiti islands; IT; 117 Valencia (anc. Valentia), Province; SP; 164 Tresilico; IT; 65 Valletta (Valetta); MT; Malta; 128, 129 Trevi; IT; 29 Valli di Campotto, Lagoon; IT; Po River; 47 Treviso (anc. Tarvisium); IT; 39, 43 Valli di Comacchio, Lagoon; IT; Po River; Trianda (Trianta); GR; Rhodes I.; 103 47 Trieste (Ger. Triest, Serbo-Croat. Trst, anc. Valona [see Vlori!]; AL; 104 Tergeste, later Artemidorous); IT; xvi, Valona [see Vlori!, Bay of], Bay of; AL; 81 43,72,82 Valymitika; GR; Peloponnesus; 100, 101 Trikala (Trikkala, anc. Tricca); GR; 145 Var (It. Varo, anc. Varus), River; FR; 162 Tripoli (Tripolis, Tripolitsa); GR; Vartholomio (Vartholomion); GR; 114 Peloponnesus; 106, 109, 115, 134 Vasiari (Vasjar); AL; 81, 89, 104 Tripolis (Tripoli, TarAbulus esh Sham); LE; Vasiliki (Vassiliki); GR; Levkas I.; 134, 145 31,44,62, 103,104,185,186 Vasto (anc. Histonium); IT; 47 Tripti; GR; Peloponnesus; 101 Vati (Bati, Vatio, Vathy, Vation); GR; Trivento; IT; 55 Rhodes I.; 103 Trizonia; GR; 160 Vathi; GR; Ithaca 1.; 147 Troia; IT; 47 Vaticano,Cape;IT;65,121,124,135 Tropea; IT; 120,123 Vel& (Velt!e); AL; 104 Troy (Troia, Troja, Truva, Dlion, anc. Dlium); VeU!an (Velcanit); AL; 81,89 TU;21,30, 184 Vela-Luka (Velika Luka); HR; 187 Trypa; GR; Peloponnesus; 109 Velletri; IT; 74 Tsoukalades; GR; Levkas 1.; 111 Veneto (Venezia Euganea); IT; 42,61 Tunis (Tunisia, Fr. Tunisie ); TS; 121, 124 Venice (It. Venezia, Ger. Venedig, Lat. Turani (Turan); AL; 81, 89, 104 Venetia), city; IT; 35, 38, 39, 43, 52, 128 Turin (It. Torino, anc. Taurasia, later Augusta Venice (It. Golfo di Venezia), Gulf of; IT; 1, Taurinorum);IT;79,80,93 4, 8, 32, 35, 38, 39, 42, 52, 187, 204 Turkey (Turk. TUrkiye); TU; 3, 172, 176 Venice (It. Laguna Veneta), Lagoon of; IT; 43 Tuscany (It. Toscana); IT; 59, 61, 84, 85, 86, Ventimiglia (Ventirnille); IT; 93· 89 Ventotene, Island; IT; 73, 119 Tyre (Siir, Sour, anc. Tyrus); LE; 36 Venzone; IT; 42 Tyrinth (Tirintha); GR; 19 Verona; IT; 29, 33, 39, 49 Tyrrhenian Sea (Ita/. Mare Tirreno, anc. Vesuvius (Ita/. Vesuvio), volcano; IT; 10, 26, Mare Tyrrhenum); viii, 1, 10, 12, 26, 27, 35,49,53,54,55,57,65, 73,113,124 30, 35, 39, 41, 43, 45, 49, 50, 53, 54, 55, Viagrande; IT; Sicily I.; 75, 110 56, 57, 58, 59, 63, 67, 70, 73, 74, 78, 87, Vicarello; IT; 84 91, 113, 119, 120, 121, 123, 124, 128, Vicenza (anc. Vicentia); IT; 39, 76 130, 135, 136, 137, 141, 143, 148, 189, Vico Equense; IT; 124 204 Vietri (Vetri sui Mare); IT; 53, 54, 55,58 Viki (Vikion); GR; Chios I.; 145 Villa S. Giovanni; IT; 66, 120, 128 Villabate; IT; Sicily 1.; 143 INDEX OF GEOGRAPHIC NAMES 237
Villanova•; GR; Rhodes I.; 103 X Villebourg (now Lahrat); AG; 118 Villefranche (Yillefranche-sur-Mer); FR; 44 Xilocastro (Xilokastro, Xilokastron); GR; Vis (Lissa, anc. lssa), Island; HR; 112, 113, Peloponnesus; 117 143, 187 Xirolakkos (Xirolaka), Bay of; GR; 102 Vitoula (ref); GR; Peloponnesus; 109 Vitrinitsa (now Tolofon), Bay of; GR; 102 y Vitrinitsa (now Tolofon), town; GR; 101 Vlacherna (Ylakherna, Ylaherna); GR; 114 Yavne; IS; 35 Vlorl! (Alb. Gji-i-Ylort!s), Bay of; AL; 81, Ydra (Idhra, Idra, Hydra, anc. Hydrea); GR; 106, 136, 187 Ydra I.; 140 Vlorl! (It. Yalona,Jorm. Avlona, anc. Aulon), Yialova (Yalova); TU; 98, 116 city; AL; 81, 89, 104, 105, 106, 111, 119 Yirka; IS; 36 Vlorl!, Strait; AL; 106 Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk; RU; Sakalin I.; ix Voghera; IT; 79 Volos (Bolos, Yolo), city; GR; 134, 158, 183 z Volos (Bolos, Yolo, Pagasitikos Kolpos), Gulf of; GR; 158 Zadar (It. Zara, anc. ladera); HR; 82 Volterra (anc. Yolaterrae); IT; 84, 86 ~efat (Safad, Safed, Zafat); IS; 37 Vouraikos (Yourai'kos), River; GR; Zafferana (Zafferana Etnea); IT; Sicily I.; 75, Peloponnesus; 100 111 Vournikas, Mt; GR; Levkas 1.; 134 Zakynthos (Zakinthos, Zante, Zacynthus), Vrbnia• (Yrbje ?); HR; 143 Island; GR; Ionian Is.; 46, 49, 71, 73, 77, Vrbovsko; HR; 143 79, 81, 106, 109, 114, 116, 122, 130, 146, Vrisnik; HR; 143 186 Vulcano (anc. Riera), Island; IT; 135, 182 Zakynthos, town; Gr; Zakynthos 1.; 77, 109 Zarbitza•; GR; Peloponnesus; 109 Zebdani (ref); LE; 112 Zhour (Oued Zhour), River; AG; 94 Advances in Natural and Technological Hazards Research
Series Editor: Prof. Dr. Mohammed I. EI-Sabh, Departement d'Oceanographie, Universite du Quebec a Rimouski, 310 Allee des Ursulines, Rimouski, Quebec, Canada G5L 3A 1
Publications
1. S. Tinti (ed.): Tsunamis in the World. Fifteenth International Tsunami Sym- posium (1991). 1993 ISBN 0-7923-2316-5 2. J. Nemer;, J.M. Nigg and F. Siccardi (eds.): Prediction and Perception of Natural Hazards. Symposium Perugia, Italy (1990). 1993 ISBN 0-7923-2355-6 3. M.l. EI-Sabh, T.S. Murty, S. Venkatesh, F. Siccardi and K. Andah (eds.): Recent Studies in Geophysical Hazards. 1994 ISBN 0-7923-2972-4 4. Y. Tsuchiya and N. Shuto (eds.): Tsunami: Progress in Prediction, Disaster Prevention and Warning. 1995 ISBN 0-7923-3483-3 5. A. Carrara and F. Guzzetti (eds.): Geographical Information Systems in Assessing Natural Hazards. 1995 ISBN 0-7923-3502-3 6. V. Schenk (ed.): Earthquake Hazard and Risk. 1996 ISBN 0-7923-4008-6 7. M.l. EI-Sabh, S. Venkatesh, H. Denis and T.S. Murty (eds.): Land-based and Marine Hazards. Scientific and Management Issues. 1996 ISBN 0-7923-4064-7 8. J.M. Gutteling and 0. Wiegman: Exploring Risk Communication. 1996 ISBN 0-7923-4065-5 9. G. Hebenstreit (ed.): Perspectives on Tsunami Hazard Reduction. Observa- tions, Theory and Planning. 1997 ISBN 0-7923-4811-7 10. C. Emdad Haque: Hazards in a Fickle Environment: Bangladesh. 1998 ISBN 0-7923-4869-9 11. F. Wenzel, D. Lungu and 0. Novak (eds.): Vrancea Earthquakes: Tectonics, Hazard and Risk Mitigation. 1999 ISBN 0-7923-5283-1 12. S. Balassanian, A. Cisternas and M. Melkumyan (eds.): Earthquake Hazard and Seismic Risk Reduction. 2000 ISBN 0-7923-6390-6 13. S.L. Soloviev, O.N. Solovieva, C.N. Go, K.S. Sim and N.A. Shchetnikov: Tsunamis in the Mediterranean Sea 2000 B.C. -2000 A.D. 2000 ISBN 0-7923-6548-8
Kluwer Academic Publishers - Dordrecht I Boston I London