Experimental Approaches in Delineating Mtor Signaling
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Analysis of Gene Expression Data for Gene Ontology
ANALYSIS OF GENE EXPRESSION DATA FOR GENE ONTOLOGY BASED PROTEIN FUNCTION PREDICTION A Thesis Presented to The Graduate Faculty of The University of Akron In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science Robert Daniel Macholan May 2011 ANALYSIS OF GENE EXPRESSION DATA FOR GENE ONTOLOGY BASED PROTEIN FUNCTION PREDICTION Robert Daniel Macholan Thesis Approved: Accepted: _______________________________ _______________________________ Advisor Department Chair Dr. Zhong-Hui Duan Dr. Chien-Chung Chan _______________________________ _______________________________ Committee Member Dean of the College Dr. Chien-Chung Chan Dr. Chand K. Midha _______________________________ _______________________________ Committee Member Dean of the Graduate School Dr. Yingcai Xiao Dr. George R. Newkome _______________________________ Date ii ABSTRACT A tremendous increase in genomic data has encouraged biologists to turn to bioinformatics in order to assist in its interpretation and processing. One of the present challenges that need to be overcome in order to understand this data more completely is the development of a reliable method to accurately predict the function of a protein from its genomic information. This study focuses on developing an effective algorithm for protein function prediction. The algorithm is based on proteins that have similar expression patterns. The similarity of the expression data is determined using a novel measure, the slope matrix. The slope matrix introduces a normalized method for the comparison of expression levels throughout a proteome. The algorithm is tested using real microarray gene expression data. Their functions are characterized using gene ontology annotations. The results of the case study indicate the protein function prediction algorithm developed is comparable to the prediction algorithms that are based on the annotations of homologous proteins. -
AGC Kinases in Mtor Signaling, in Mike Hall and Fuyuhiko Tamanoi: the Enzymes, Vol
Provided for non-commercial research and educational use only. Not for reproduction, distribution or commercial use. This chapter was originally published in the book, The Enzymes, Vol .27, published by Elsevier, and the attached copy is provided by Elsevier for the author's benefit and for the benefit of the author's institution, for non-commercial research and educational use including without limitation use in instruction at your institution, sending it to specific colleagues who know you, and providing a copy to your institution’s administrator. All other uses, reproduction and distribution, including without limitation commercial reprints, selling or licensing copies or access, or posting on open internet sites, your personal or institution’s website or repository, are prohibited. For exceptions, permission may be sought for such use through Elsevier's permissions site at: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/permissionusematerial From: ESTELA JACINTO, AGC Kinases in mTOR Signaling, In Mike Hall and Fuyuhiko Tamanoi: The Enzymes, Vol. 27, Burlington: Academic Press, 2010, pp.101-128. ISBN: 978-0-12-381539-2, © Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc, Academic Press. Author's personal copy 7 AGC Kinases in mTOR Signaling ESTELA JACINTO Department of Physiology and Biophysics UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway New Jersey, USA I. Abstract The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a protein kinase with homology to lipid kinases, orchestrates cellular responses to growth and stress signals. Various extracellular and intracellular inputs to mTOR are known. mTOR processes these inputs as part of two mTOR protein com- plexes, mTORC1 or mTORC2. Surprisingly, despite the many cellular functions that are linked to mTOR, there are very few direct mTOR substrates identified to date. -
Effects of Rapamycin on Social Interaction Deficits and Gene
Kotajima-Murakami et al. Molecular Brain (2019) 12:3 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13041-018-0423-2 RESEARCH Open Access Effects of rapamycin on social interaction deficits and gene expression in mice exposed to valproic acid in utero Hiroko Kotajima-Murakami1,2, Toshiyuki Kobayashi3, Hirofumi Kashii1,4, Atsushi Sato1,5, Yoko Hagino1, Miho Tanaka1,6, Yasumasa Nishito7, Yukio Takamatsu7, Shigeo Uchino1,2 and Kazutaka Ikeda1* Abstract The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway plays a crucial role in cell metabolism, growth, and proliferation. The overactivation of mTOR has been implicated in the pathogenesis of syndromic autism spectrum disorder (ASD), such as tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). Treatment with the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin improved social interaction deficits in mouse models of TSC. Prenatal exposure to valproic acid (VPA) increases the incidence of ASD. Rodent pups that are exposed to VPA in utero have been used as an animal model of ASD. Activation of the mTOR signaling pathway was recently observed in rodents that were exposed to VPA in utero, and rapamycin ameliorated social interaction deficits. The present study investigated the effect of rapamycin on social interaction deficits in both adolescence and adulthood, and gene expressions in mice that were exposed to VPA in utero. We subcutaneously injected 600 mg/kg VPA in pregnant mice on gestational day 12.5 and used the pups as a model of ASD. The pups were intraperitoneally injected with rapamycin or an equal volume of vehicle once daily for 2 consecutive days. The social interaction test was conducted in the offspring after the last rapamycin administration at 5–6 weeks of ages (adolescence) or 10–11 weeks of age (adulthood). -
Phosphatidylinositol-3-Kinase Related Kinases (Pikks) in Radiation-Induced Dna Damage
Mil. Med. Sci. Lett. (Voj. Zdrav. Listy) 2012, vol. 81(4), p. 177-187 ISSN 0372-7025 DOI: 10.31482/mmsl.2012.025 REVIEW ARTICLE PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL-3-KINASE RELATED KINASES (PIKKS) IN RADIATION-INDUCED DNA DAMAGE Ales Tichy 1, Kamila Durisova 1, Eva Novotna 1, Lenka Zarybnicka 1, Jirina Vavrova 1, Jaroslav Pejchal 2, Zuzana Sinkorova 1 1 Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Health Sciences in Hradec Králové, University of Defence in Brno, Czech Republic 2 Centrum of Advanced Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences in Hradec Králové, University of Defence in Brno, Czech Republic. Received 5 th September 2012. Revised 27 th November 2012. Published 7 th December 2012. Summary This review describes a drug target for cancer therapy, family of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase related kinases (PIKKs), and it gives a comprehensive review of recent information. Besides general information about phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase superfamily, it characterizes a DNA-damage response pathway since it is monitored by PIKKs. Key words: PIKKs; ATM; ATR; DNA-PK; Ionising radiation; DNA-repair ABBREVIATIONS therapy and radiation play a pivotal role. Since cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, it is DSB - double stand breaks, reasonable to invest time and resources in the enligh - IR - ionising radiation, tening of mechanisms, which underlie radio-resis - p53 - TP53 tumour suppressors, tance. PI - phosphatidylinositol. The aim of this review is to describe the family INTRODUCTION of phosphatidyinositol 3-kinases (PI3K) and its func - tional subgroup - phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase rela - An efficient cancer treatment means to restore ted kinases (PIKKs) and their relation to repairing of controlled tissue growth via interfering with cell sig - radiation-induced DNA damage. -
Ribosomal RNA‑Depleted RNA Sequencing Reveals the Pathogenesis of Refractory Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Pneumonia in Children
MOLECULAR MEDICINE REPORTS 24: 761, 2021 Ribosomal RNA‑depleted RNA sequencing reveals the pathogenesis of refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children FENG HUANG1,2*, HUIFENG FAN1*, DIYUAN YANG1, JUNSONG ZHANG3, TINGTING SHI1, DONGWEI ZHANG1 and GEN LU1 1Department of Respiration, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120; 2Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat‑sen University; 3Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China Received April 17, 2020; Accepted May 28, 2021 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12401 Abstract. Pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae in the NRMPP and RMPP comparative groups were primarily (M. pneumoniae) is a major cause of community‑acquired enriched in ‘herpes simplex virus 1 infection’, ‘viral carcinogen‑ pneumonia in children. In some cases, M. pneumoniae pneu‑ esis’ and ‘RNA transport’. In the present study, a comprehensive monia (MPP) can develop into refractory MPP (RMPP), which analysis of the differences between the NRMPP and RMPP shows no clinical or radiological response to macrolides, and cases was performed based on rRNA‑depleted RNA‑sequencing can progress to severe and complicated pneumonia. However, techniques, and the selected genes and circRNAs may be closely the pathogenesis of RMPP remains poorly understood. The associated with the complex pathogenesis of RMPP. present study aimed to identify target genes that could be used as biomarkers for the clinical diagnosis of early‑stage RMPP Introduction through high‑throughput sequencing technology. The differences in long non‑coding (lnc)RNAs, mRNAs and circular (circ)RNAs Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) is one of the were examined between whole‑blood samples from two patients main pathogens that cause respiratory tract infections in with non‑refractory MPP (NRMPP), two patients with RMPP humans (1,2). -
Nucleolin and Its Role in Ribosomal Biogenesis
NUCLEOLIN: A NUCLEOLAR RNA-BINDING PROTEIN INVOLVED IN RIBOSOME BIOGENESIS Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf vorgelegt von Julia Fremerey aus Hamburg Düsseldorf, April 2016 2 Gedruckt mit der Genehmigung der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf Referent: Prof. Dr. A. Borkhardt Korreferent: Prof. Dr. H. Schwender Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 20.07.2016 3 Die vorgelegte Arbeit wurde von Juli 2012 bis März 2016 in der Klinik für Kinder- Onkologie, -Hämatologie und Klinische Immunologie des Universitätsklinikums Düsseldorf unter Anleitung von Prof. Dr. A. Borkhardt und in Kooperation mit dem ‚Laboratory of RNA Molecular Biology‘ an der Rockefeller Universität unter Anleitung von Prof. Dr. T. Tuschl angefertigt. 4 Dedicated to my family TABLE OF CONTENTS 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................... 5 LIST OF FIGURES ......................................................................................................10 LIST OF TABLES .......................................................................................................12 ABBREVIATION .........................................................................................................13 ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................19 ZUSAMMENFASSUNG -
Mir-7 in Cancer Development
biomedicines Review MiR-7 in Cancer Development Petra Kora´c 1 , Mariastefania Antica 2 and Maja Matuli´c 1,* 1 Department of Biology, Division of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; [email protected] 2 Division of Molecular Biology, Rudjer Boskovi´cInstitute, Bijeniˇcka54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNA involved in the regulation of specific mRNA translation. They participate in cellular signaling circuits and can act as oncogenes in tumor development, so-called oncomirs, as well as tumor suppressors. miR-7 is an ancient miRNA involved in the fine-tuning of several signaling pathways, acting mainly as tumor suppressor. Through downregulation of PI3K and MAPK pathways, its dominant role is the suppression of proliferation and survival, stimulation of apoptosis and inhibition of migration. Besides these functions, it has numerous additional roles in the differentiation process of different cell types, protection from stress and chromatin remodulation. One of the most investigated tissues is the brain, where its downregulation is linked with glioblastoma cell proliferation. Its deregulation is found also in other tumor types, such as in liver, lung and pancreas. In some types of lung and oral carcinoma, it can act as oncomir. miR-7 roles in cell fate determination and maintenance of cell homeostasis are still to be discovered, as well as the possibilities of its use as a specific biotherapeutic. Keywords: microRNAs; miR-7; gene expression; tumor suppressor; cancer cell Citation: Kora´c,P.; Antica, M.; Matuli´c,M. -
Elimination Pathways of Fusion Protein and Peptide Drugs
Review Volume 11, Issue 2, 2021, 9139 - 9147 https://doi.org/10.33263/BRIAC112.91399147 Elimination Pathways of Fusion Protein and Peptide Drugs Ali Khodadoust 1 , Hossein Aghamollaei 2 , Ali Mohammad Latifi 1 , Kazem Hasanpour 3 , Mahdi Kamali 4 , Hamid Tebyanian 5 , Gholamreza Farnoosh 1,* 1 Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2 Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 3 Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Sabzevar, Iran 4 Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 5 Research Center for Prevention of Oral and Dental Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran * Correspondence: [email protected]; Scopus Author ID 55855454400 Received: 28.07.2020; Revised: 25.08.2020; Accepted: 27.08.2020; Published: 1.09.2020 Abstract: Fusion proteins have been known as an interesting subject for scientific researches in improving properties or making a new function by synergistically incorporating two protein domains into one complex. Fusion proteins are created by ligation of two or more protein domains in a single polypeptide with functional properties. Improvement of therapeutic function is one of the main goals for developing these products. Elimination from the body is one of the most important points that should be considered in the design and production of fusion proteins. This review describes some of the most important excretion/elimination pathways of fusion peptide and protein drugs as well as serious elimination challenges in the development and manufacturing of fusion proteins. Keywords: Fusion proteins; Therapy; Pharmacokinetics; Serum half-life; Peptide. -
Diverse Mechanisms Activate the PI 3-Kinase/Mtor Pathway In
Tran et al. BMC Cancer (2021) 21:136 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-021-07826-4 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Diverse mechanisms activate the PI 3- kinase/mTOR pathway in melanomas: implications for the use of PI 3-kinase inhibitors to overcome resistance to inhibitors of BRAF and MEK Khanh B. Tran1,2,3, Sharada Kolekar1, Anower Jabed2, Patrick Jaynes2, Jen-Hsing Shih2, Qian Wang2, Jack U. Flanagan1,3, Gordon W. Rewcastle1,3, Bruce C. Baguley1,3 and Peter R. Shepherd1,2,3* Abstract Background: The PI 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway has been implicated as a target for melanoma therapy. Methods: Given the high degree of genetic heterogeneity in melanoma, we sought to understand the breadth of variation in PI3K signalling in the large NZM panel of early passage cell lines developed from metastatic melanomas. Results: We find the vast majority of lines show upregulation of this pathway, and this upregulation is achieved by a wide range of mechanisms. Expression of all class-IA PI3K isoforms was readily detected in these cell lines. A range of genetic changes in different components of the PI3K pathway was seen in different lines. Coding variants or amplification were identified in the PIK3CA gene, and amplification of the PK3CG gene was common. Deletions in the PIK3R1 and PIK3R2 regulatory subunits were also relatively common. Notably, no genetic variants were seen in the PIK3CD gene despite p110δ being expressed in many of the lines. Genetic variants were detected in a number of genes that encode phosphatases regulating the PI3K signalling, with reductions in copy number common in PTEN, INPP4B, INPP5J, PHLLP1 and PHLLP2 genes. -
Role of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 1 in Translational Regulation in the M-Phase
cells Review Role of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 1 in Translational Regulation in the M-Phase Jaroslav Kalous *, Denisa Jansová and Andrej Šušor Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Rumburska 89, 27721 Libechov, Czech Republic; [email protected] (D.J.); [email protected] (A.Š.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 28 April 2020; Accepted: 24 June 2020; Published: 27 June 2020 Abstract: Cyclin dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) has been primarily identified as a key cell cycle regulator in both mitosis and meiosis. Recently, an extramitotic function of CDK1 emerged when evidence was found that CDK1 is involved in many cellular events that are essential for cell proliferation and survival. In this review we summarize the involvement of CDK1 in the initiation and elongation steps of protein synthesis in the cell. During its activation, CDK1 influences the initiation of protein synthesis, promotes the activity of specific translational initiation factors and affects the functioning of a subset of elongation factors. Our review provides insights into gene expression regulation during the transcriptionally silent M-phase and describes quantitative and qualitative translational changes based on the extramitotic role of the cell cycle master regulator CDK1 to optimize temporal synthesis of proteins to sustain the division-related processes: mitosis and cytokinesis. Keywords: CDK1; 4E-BP1; mTOR; mRNA; translation; M-phase 1. Introduction 1.1. Cyclin Dependent Kinase 1 (CDK1) Is a Subunit of the M Phase-Promoting Factor (MPF) CDK1, a serine/threonine kinase, is a catalytic subunit of the M phase-promoting factor (MPF) complex which is essential for cell cycle control during the G1-S and G2-M phase transitions of eukaryotic cells. -
Whole Exome Sequencing in Families at High Risk for Hodgkin Lymphoma: Identification of a Predisposing Mutation in the KDR Gene
Hodgkin Lymphoma SUPPLEMENTARY APPENDIX Whole exome sequencing in families at high risk for Hodgkin lymphoma: identification of a predisposing mutation in the KDR gene Melissa Rotunno, 1 Mary L. McMaster, 1 Joseph Boland, 2 Sara Bass, 2 Xijun Zhang, 2 Laurie Burdett, 2 Belynda Hicks, 2 Sarangan Ravichandran, 3 Brian T. Luke, 3 Meredith Yeager, 2 Laura Fontaine, 4 Paula L. Hyland, 1 Alisa M. Goldstein, 1 NCI DCEG Cancer Sequencing Working Group, NCI DCEG Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Stephen J. Chanock, 5 Neil E. Caporaso, 1 Margaret A. Tucker, 6 and Lynn R. Goldin 1 1Genetic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD; 2Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD; 3Ad - vanced Biomedical Computing Center, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc.; Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD; 4Westat, Inc., Rockville MD; 5Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD; and 6Human Genetics Program, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA ©2016 Ferrata Storti Foundation. This is an open-access paper. doi:10.3324/haematol.2015.135475 Received: August 19, 2015. Accepted: January 7, 2016. Pre-published: June 13, 2016. Correspondence: [email protected] Supplemental Author Information: NCI DCEG Cancer Sequencing Working Group: Mark H. Greene, Allan Hildesheim, Nan Hu, Maria Theresa Landi, Jennifer Loud, Phuong Mai, Lisa Mirabello, Lindsay Morton, Dilys Parry, Anand Pathak, Douglas R. Stewart, Philip R. Taylor, Geoffrey S. Tobias, Xiaohong R. Yang, Guoqin Yu NCI DCEG Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory: Salma Chowdhury, Michael Cullen, Casey Dagnall, Herbert Higson, Amy A. -
CUE-101, a Novel Fc Fusion Protein for Selective Targeting and Expansion of Anti-Tumor T Cells for Treatment of HPV-Driven Malignancies
CUE-101, a novel Fc fusion protein for selective targeting and expansion of anti-tumor T cells for treatment of HPV-driven malignancies Natasha Girgis1, Steven N. Quayle1, Alyssa Nelson1, Dharma Raj Thapa1, Sandrine Hulot1, Lauren Kraemer1, Miguel Moreta1, Zohra Merazga1, Robert Ruidera1, Dominic Beal1, Mark Haydock1, Jonathan Soriano1, Luke Witt1, Jessica Ryabin1, Emily Spaulding1, John F. Ross1, Saso Cemerski1, Anish Suri1, Rodolfo Chaparro1, Ronald Seidel1, Kenneth J. Pienta2, Mary C. Simcox1 1Cue Biopharma, Cambridge, Massachusetts; 2The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and the Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland + + Background CUE-101 selectively expands E711-20-specific CD8 T mCUE-101 expands functional antigen-specific CD8 T • Human papilloma virus (HPV) is responsible for 72% of oropharyngeal, 90% of cervical, 90% cells from healthy human PBMCs cells in the tumor and the periphery of anal, and 71% of vulvar, vaginal, or penile cancers, causing significant morbidity and A. B. A. B. C. 9 mortality worldwide. Innovative therapies are urgently needed for these malignancies, Vehicle 100 nM CUE-101 107 15 Peripheral Blood particularly in the largely incurable metastatic setting. 106 10 5 • The E7 oncoprotein is constitutively expressed in HPV-associated cancers, is necessary for 105 ⍺PD-1 5 PE 4 Vehicle mCUE-101 Combo - 10 initiation and maintenance of malignant transformation, and is genetically conserved in 1 cancer (Mirabello 2017). 103 1 1 102 E7-Specific of CD8+ T cells % IFNg+,TNFa+