wh10te-0420-ca-0576-0577 8/22/03 11:37 AM Page 576

CHAPTER 20 ASSESSMENT Chapter 20 Assessment

TERMS & NAMES TERMS & NAMES The Columbian Exchange and Global Trade Section 4 For each term or name below, briefly explain its connection to (pages 571–575) 1. conquistador, 5. Atlantic slave the Atlantic world from 1492 to 1800. 17. Why was the introduction of corn and potatoes to Europe p. 554 trade, p. 567 1. conquistador 5. Atlantic slave trade and Asia so significant? 2. encomienda, 6. triangular trade, 2. encomienda 6. triangular trade 18. What was the economic policy of mercantilism? p. 557 p. 568 3. Jamestown 7. Columbian Exchange 3. Jamestown, 7. Columbian 4. French and Indian War 8. mercantilism CRITICAL THINKING p. 562 Exchange, p. 571 1. USING YOUR NOTES 4. French and 8. mercantilism, Explorer Nation Regions MAIN IDEAS Use the chart to Indian War, p. 574 identify which nation Cabral Spain Builds an American Empire Section 1 p. 564 sponsored each Magellan (pages 553–560) explorer and the Cartier MAIN IDEAS 9. Why did Columbus set sail westward? regions he explored. 10. What were three goals of the Spanish in the Americas? 2. DRAWING CONCLUSIONS Answers will vary. 11. Why did Popé lead a rebellion against the Spanish? EMPIRE BUILDING What factors helped the Europeans conquer the Americas? Which was the most important? Why? 9. to seek an alternative trade route European Nations Settle North America Section 2 to Asia (pages 561–565) 3. RECOGNIZING EFFECTS 10. to enrich Spain, to colonize the 12. What did the Europeans mostly grow in their Caribbean ECONOMICS Explain the statement, “Columbus’s voyage colonies? began a process that changed the world forever.” Consider all land, to convert Native Americans 13. What was the result of the French and Indian War? the peoples and places American colonization affected to Christianity economically. The Atlantic Slave Trade Section 3 (pages 566–570) 4. COMPARING AND CONTRASTING 11. The Spanish abused the natives and 14. What factors led European colonists to use Africans to resupply their labor force? CULTURAL INTERACTION What might have been some of the tried to destroy their culture. differences in the Europeans’ and Native Americans’ views of 15. What were the conditions on board a slave ship? 12. sugar and tobacco colonization? 16. What were several ways in which enslaved Africans 13. The English took control of the resisted their treatment in the Americas? 5. SYNTHESIZING eastern half of the United States. How did enslaved Africans help create the societies in the New World? 14. Native Americans dying; Africans experienced at farming, had built up some immunity to disease, were unfamiliar with the land and could The Atlantic World not blend in with the white popula- tion, so were less likely to escape Global 15. Slaves were crammed into the bottom Interaction of the boat, where they lived amid their own waste and suffered from disease, beatings, and poor food. Europeans Africans 16. African slaves resisted by preserving • Beginning around 1500, the Spanish Native Americans • Beginning around 1500, millions their cultural heritage, sabotaging and Portuguese colonize Central of Africans are taken from their and South America and establish • Between 1521 and 1533, the once homeland and forced to labor as work efforts, running away, and prosperous overseas empires. mighty Aztec and Incan empires slaves in the Americas. forming armed rebellions. • Throughout the 1600s and 1700s, fall to the invading Spanish. • Africans eventually become an the English, French, and Dutch battle • Throughout the Americas, the important part of the Americas, as 17. inexpensive and nutritious and thus for control of North America, with native population is devastated by they populate the various regions improved diets throughout Europe the English emerging victorious. European conquests and diseases. and share aspects of their culture. and Asia 18. Mercantilism held that a country’s true power was measured by its 576 Chapter 20 wealth, which it acquired by obtaining as much gold and silver as possible and by establishing a favorable balance of trade. CRITICAL THINKING Answers will vary. 3. After Columbus, Native American civilizations 1. Cabral—Portugal/Brazil. Magellan—Spain/Pacific declined while Europeans prospered. New foods, Ocean, Philippines, crew circled the globe. plants, animals, and diseases spread to peoples Cartier—France/St. Lawrence River, Montreal. of both hemispheres. 2. Factors—disease, superior weaponry, aid 4. Europeans probably positive—they gained land from native allies. Most important—Disease, and property and the opportunity to start a new because it wiped out much of the native life with more than they had in Europe. Native population of the Americas. Americans probably negative—it deprived them of their property, freedom, and even, in some cases, health and life. 5. Enslaved Africans made economic, political, cultural, and religious contributions to American societies. 576 Chapter 20 wh10te-0420-ca-0576-0577 8/22/03 11:37 AM Page 577

CHAPTER 20 ASSESSMENT

Use the quotation and your knowledge of world history to Use the Aztec drawing below and your knowledge of world answer questions 1 and 2. history to answer question 3. Additional Test Practice, pp. S1–S33 STANDARDS-BASED ASSESSMENT Where there is a vacant place, there is liberty for . . . [Christians] to come and inhabit, though they neither buy it nor ask their leaves. . . . Indeed, no nation is to drive out 1. Letter C is correct. Letter A is another without special commission from Heaven . . . incorrect because millions of Native unless the natives do unjustly wrong them, and will not Americans inhabited the land. Letter B recompense the wrongs done in a peaceable fort [way]. And then they may right themselves by lawful war and is incorrect because neither side was subdue the country unto themselves. inclined to cooperate. Letter D is JOHN COTTON, quoted in The Annals of America incorrect because Native Americans did not believe that land could be 1. What do you think Native Americans might have said about privately owned. Cotton’s statement that America was a “vacant place”? 3. How does the artist depict the clash of Aztec and Spanish A. agreed that the continent was largely empty cultures? 2. Letter A is correct. Letter B is incorrect B. discussed development plans with him A. meeting to negotiate peace because if the Native Americans had C. pointed out that they inhabited the land B. meeting as warriors been wronged, this would hardly D. offered to sell the land to him C. engaging in a sports competition justify Puritans seizing their land. 2. How might the last part of Cotton’s statement have helped D. meeting as friends Letter C is incorrect because there is the Puritans justify taking land from the Native Americans? nothing in the passage that suggests A. Puritans could claim natives had wronged them. Puritans believed war could never be B. Natives could claim Puritans had wronged them. TEST PRACTICE Go to classzone.com justified. Letter D is incorrect because C. Puritans believed war was wrong in all circumstances. • Diagnostic tests • Strategies if Native Americans had been willing D. Native Americans were willing to negotiate their grievances. • Tutorials • Additional practice to negotiate their grievances, then the Puritans would not have been justified. 3. Letter B is correct. Letter A is incorrect because both sides are ALTERNATIVE ASSESSMENT armed. Letter C is incorrect because 1. Interact with History Participating in a WebQuest both sides are clearly about to fight. On page 552 you examined the choices some Native Introduction The Columbian Exchange marked the Americans faced during the invasion by Spanish conquistadors. beginning of worldwide trade. Imagine that you are an Letter D is incorrect because friends Now that you have read the chapter, rethink the choice you exporter of a product and want to know how tariffs will don’t use weapons against each other. made. If you chose to side with the Spaniards, would you now affect your sales in various countries. change your mind? Why? If you decided to fight with the Aztecs, Task Collect and organize data about a particular what are your feelings now? Discuss your thoughts and opinions product, including how much of the product various with a small group. Formal Assessment countries import and the tariff each country imposes. • Chapter Test, Forms A, B, and C, pp. 319–330 2. WRITING ABOUT HISTORY Process and Resources With a team of four other An English colony would have looked strange and different to a students, use the Internet to research your product. Test Generator Native American of the time. Write a paragraph describing an Internet keyword: customs tariffs various countries. English colony of the 17th century. In your paragraph, provide Identify at least five countries that import the product. • Form A in Spanish details about the following: Organize your findings in a spreadsheet. • clothes Evaluation and Conclusion How did this project • food contribute to your understanding of global trade? How do you think tariffs will affect demand for your product in • shelter each country? • weapons

The Atlantic World 577

ALTERNATIVE ASSESSMENT 1. Possible Answers: Students who originally 2. Rubric Paragraphs should Rubric Spreadsheets should chose to side with the Spaniards may now • provide details about clothes, food, shelter, • clearly mark the journey of the product around say that the Spaniards were cruel and unjust and weapons. the world. in their treatment of Native Americans. • use standard grammar and punctuation. • note which countries export and which import Others may say their decision to fight for the product. the Aztecs was unwise, because they • note the tariffs imposed on the product. were doomed, in any event, by European diseases.

Teacher’s Edition 577