Atlantic History: What and Why?
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Atlantic Disjuncture: Recent Historiography of Transoceanic Diasporas, Communities, and Empires
Cromwell, Jesse. 2019. Atlantic Disjuncture: Recent Historiography of Transoceanic Diasporas, Communities, and Empires. Latin American Research Review 54(4), pp. 1023–1030. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25222/larr.631 BOOK REVIEW ESSAYS Atlantic Disjuncture: Recent Historiography of Transoceanic Diasporas, Communities, and Empires Jesse Cromwell University of Mississippi, US [email protected] This essay reviews the following works: Staying Afloat: Risk and Uncertainty in Spanish Atlantic World Trade, 1760–1820. By Jeremy Baskes. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2013. Pp. ix + 381. $54.57 hardcover. ISBN: 9780804785426. The Material Atlantic: Clothing, Commerce, and Colonization in the Atlantic World, 1650–1800. By Robert S. DuPlessis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016. Pp. vii + 332. $29.99 hardcover. ISBN: 9781107105911. The Temptations of Trade: Britain, Spain, and the Struggle for Empire. By Adrian Finucane. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2016. Pp. 1 + 211. $45.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9780812248128. Guiana and the Shadows of Empire: Colonial and Cultural Negotiations at the Edge of the World. By Joshua R. Hyles. Lanham: Lexington Books, 2014. Pp. ix + 185. $76.56 hardcover. ISBN: 9780739187791. The Portuguese-Speaking Diaspora: Seven Centuries of Literature and the Arts. By Darlene J. Sadlier. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2016. Pp. 314. $29.95 paperback. ISBN: 9781477311486. Amsterdam’s Atlantic: Print Culture and the Making of Dutch Brazil. By Michiel van Groesen. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2016. Pp. xx + 272. $47.50 hardcover. ISBN: 9780812248661. Atlantic history is an ever-evolving discipline. For decades, it has sought to disrupt the myopia of discrete colonial and regional studies of early modern polities by emphasizing the transimperial and transnational interactions between people of the four continents surrounding the Atlantic Ocean. -
Norton, Subaltern Technologies and Early Modernity in the Atlantic World
Colonial Latin American Review ISSN: 1060-9164 (Print) 1466-1802 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/ccla20 Subaltern technologies and early modernity in the Atlantic World Marcy Norton To cite this article: Marcy Norton (2017) Subaltern technologies and early modernity in the Atlantic World, Colonial Latin American Review, 26:1, 18-38, DOI: 10.1080/10609164.2017.1287322 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10609164.2017.1287322 Published online: 07 Apr 2017. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 154 View related articles View Crossmark data Citing articles: 1 View citing articles Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=ccla20 Download by: [Library of Congress] Date: 21 August 2017, At: 10:44 COLONIAL LATIN AMERICAN REVIEW, 2017 VOL. 26, NO. 1, 18–38 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10609164.2017.1287322 Subaltern technologies and early modernity in the Atlantic World Marcy Norton George Washington University How did technology shape the Atlantic World? A familiar if partially discredited answer would be that Europeans’ guns, steel, ships, alphabetic writing, and perhaps animal dom- esticates, aided and abetted by ‘germs,’ inevitably led them to rule in the Americas and Africa.1 But what if we asked that question with a more suitably generous definition of technology, a definition that would allow for the inclusion of cultivated or even foraged plants as well as prepared foods, one that also allows for communication devices and lit- eracies, auditory and kinesthetic arts like music, dance and prey stalking, and building and furniture technologies such as thatching and hammocks (Figures 1 and 2)? The answers to this question need not nor should not conflict with accounts of (eventual) European and settler-colonial domination, or indigenous adoption of European-originating technol- ogies. -
CHAPTERS in BRIEF the Atlantic World, 1492–1800
0077-wh10a-CIB-04 11/13/2003 1:33 PM Page 77 Name Date CHAPTER CHAPTERS IN BRIEF The Atlantic World, 1492–1800 20 CHAPTER OVERVIEW Starting in 1492, the Spanish built a large empire in the Americas, but the native peoples suffered. In North America, the Dutch, French, Summary and English fought for control. England finally won. The labor of enslaved per- sons brought from Africa supported the American colonies. The contact between the Old World and the New produced an exchange of new ideas. 1 Spain Builds an rule. In addition, the Aztec were seriously weak- American Empire ened by new diseases brought to the Americas with KEY IDEA The voyages of Columbus prompted the the Spanish. Native peoples had no resistance to Spanish to carve out the first European colonies in the measles, mumps, and smallpox, which killed them Americas. by the hundreds of thousands. n 1492, Christopher Columbus, an Italian sailor, About 15 years later, another Spanish force, led Iled a voyage on behalf of Spain. He sailed west by Francisco Pizarro, conquered the mighty Inca from Europe intending to reach Asia but instead Empire of South America. Once again, the Spanish landed in the Americas. This was land that Europeans gained access to huge amounts of gold and silver. had not known existed before. Columbus thought By the mid-1500s, Spain had formed an American at first that he had reached Asia, or the Indies. He empire that stretched from modern-day Mexico misnamed the natives he met Indians and claimed to Peru. After 1540, the Spanish looked north of the land for Spain. -
The Global Context: Asia, Europe, and Africa in the Early Modern Era
Chapter Two: The Global Context: Asia, Europe, and Africa in the Early Modern Era Contents 2.1 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................. 30 2.1.1 Learning Outcomes ....................................................................................... 30 2.2 EUROPE IN THE AGE OF DISCOVERY: PORTUGAL AND SPAIN ........................... 31 2.2.1 Portugal Initiates the Age of Discovery ............................................................. 31 2.2.2 The Spanish in the Age of Discovery ................................................................ 33 2.2.3 Before You Move On... ................................................................................... 35 Key Concepts ....................................................................................................35 Test Yourself ...................................................................................................... 36 2.3 ASIA IN THE AGE OF DISCOVERY: CHINESE EXPANSION DURING THE MING DYNASTY 37 2.3.1 Before You Move On... ................................................................................... 40 Key Concepts ................................................................................................... 40 Test Yourself .................................................................................................... 41 2.4 EUROPE IN THE AGE OF DISCOVERY: ENGLAND AND FRANCE ........................ 41 2.4.1 England and France at War .......................................................................... -
History 305W/405: the Maritime Atlantic World in the Age of Sail, 1450-1850
History 305W/405: The Maritime Atlantic World in the Age of Sail, 1450-1850 Professor Michael Jarvis [email protected] Mondays 2:00-4:40 pm Office: Rush Rhees 455 Rush Rhees 362 Phone: 275-4558 Office Hours: Wed. 2:00-4:00 or by appt. Scope of Course: The study of European expansion into Africa and the Americas between the ages of Discovery and Revolution has taken many forms. Some historians have pursued their investigations topically (slavery, migration, economic development, gender, class formation, etc.) while others have focused on particular colonies or regions, often with nationalistic, political or cultural motivations. Indeed, considerably more attention has been devoted to those colonies and regions that became the United States than elsewhere, due primarily to the fact that this country has produced so many historians. This course breaks with past tradition by shifting the focus of inquiry to the Atlantic Ocean itself, as the geographic center of an expanding European world. Rather than treat the ocean as peripheral while studying the settlement of the Atlantic coast, we will be primarily concerned with activities that took place upon its watery face, delving into the lives of the thousands of mariners who were catalysts in identity formation, migration, and economic development. Adopting a transnational and cross-culturally comparative and connective approach, we will focus particularly on three topics: migration (forced and free), maritime activities (seafaring, shipping, and fishing), and commerce (port cities and merchant communities), admittedly with a bias toward an expanding British Empire in the 17th and 18th centuries. By the end of this course, you will hopefully appreciate the centrality of the sea and maritime enterprises to the histories of Africa, Europe, and the Americas. -
KEVIN P. Mcdonald, Ph.D
KEVIN P. McDONALD, Ph.D. Curriculum Vitae Assistant Professor of Colonial America and the Atlantic World Department of History Loyola Marymount University 1 LMU Drive, University Hall Suite 3500 Los Angeles, CA 90045 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- EDUCATION Ph.D., History, University of California, Santa Cruz. June 2008 M.A., History, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey. 2002 B.A., History and International Studies, Univ. of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia. 1994 Institute for the International Education of Students, Salamanca, Spain. 1993 ACADEMIC APPOINTMENTS Assistant Professor, History, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, CA, 2012-present Postdoctoral Fellow, Humanities, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 2011-2012 Adj. Asst. Professor, History, New York University, New York, NY, 2009-2010 Adj. Asst. Professor, Humanities, The Cooper Union, New York, NY, 2008 Teaching Fellow, History Division, UCSC, Santa Cruz, California, Winter 2006 Teaching Assistant, History Division, UCSC, Santa Cruz, California, 2002-2005 BOOKS Pirates, Merchants, Settlers, and Slaves: Colonial America and the Indo-Atlantic World. Oakland, CA: University of California Press, 2015. PUBLISHED ARTICLES AND CHAPTERS “‘The Dream of Madagascar’: English Disasters and Pirate Utopias of the Early Modern Indo- Atlantic World,” in New Worlds Reflected: Travel and Utopia in the Early Modern Period, ed. Chloë Houston. Burlington, VT: Ashgate Publishing, 2010. “The United States and the World: A Globalized U.S. History Survey,” in Teaching American History in a Global Context, eds. Carl Guarneri and James Davis. Armonk, NY and London: M.E. Sharpe, 2008. Contributor (seven articles) in Colonial America: An Encyclopedia of Social, Political, Cultural, and Economic History. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharp, 2006. "‘A Man of Courage and Activity’: Thomas Tew and Pirate Settlements of the Indo-Atlantic Trade World, 1645-1730" (October 3, 2005). -
The South Atlantic and Transatlantic Slave Trade: Review Essay
The South Atlantic and Transatlantic Slave Trade: Review Essay Graça Almeida Borges1 Abstract This essay will review two recent books on the transatlantic slave trade, which privilege the Southern Atlantic dynamics of this trade. Centred on the common contributions of both works, this article will address two main issues: firstly, it will reflect upon the southern directions that the study of transatlantic slave trade is experiencing, focusing on the importance of ‘trans-regional’ and ‘trans-national’ approaches, and on the importance of African agency; secondly, it will address the operational capacities of the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Database to the field, thoroughly used in both volumes, which will serve as an excuse to briefly reflect upon the importance of Digital Humanities as a whole. Keywords Transatlantic slave trade, South Atlantic, Digital Humanities. Resumo Esta reflexão historiográfica recenseará dois livros recentes sobre o tráfico de escravos transatlântico que privilegiam o Atlântico sul. Focado principalmente nos elementos que os dois livros têm em comum, o artigo tratará de dois temas: em primeiro lugar, reflectirá sobre a atenção que o Atlântico sul tem recebido pela parte dos estudos sobre o tráfico de escravos transatlântico, focando-se na importância das abordagens ‘trans-regionais’ e ‘trans-nacionais’ e na importância da agência africana; em segundo lugar, tratará das capacidades operacionais que a Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Database, abundantemente utilizada em ambos os volumes, tem trazido a este campo de estudos, o que servirá de pretexto, por sua vez, para pensar brevemente sobre a importância das Humanidades Digitais. Palavras-chave Tráfico de escravos transatlântico, Atlântico Sul, Humanidades Digitais. -
Atlantic Ocean
The Atlantic Ocean DAVID ARMITAGE* There was a time before Atlantic history. 200 million years ago, in the early Jurassic, no waters formed either barriers or bridges among what are now the Americas, Europe and Africa. These land-masses formed a single supercontinent of Pangea until tectonic shifts gradually pushed them apart. The movement continues to this day, as the Atlantic basin expands at about the same rate that the Pacific’s contracts: roughly two centimetres a year. The Atlantic Ocean, at an average of about 4000 kilometres wide and 4 kilometres deep, is not as broad or profound as the Pacific, the Earth’s largest ocean by far, although its multi-continental shoreline is greater than that of the Pacific and Indian Oceans combined.1 The Atlantic is now but a suburb of the world ocean. Despite the best efforts of international organizations to demarcate it precisely,2 the Atlantic is inextricably part of world history, over geological time as well as on a human scale. There was Atlantic history long before there were Atlantic historians. There were histories around the Atlantic, along its shores and within its coastal waters. There were histories in the Atlantic, on its islands and over its open seas. And there were histories across the Atlantic, beginning with the Norse voyages in the eleventh century and then becoming repeatable and regular in both directions from the early sixteenth century onwards, long after the Indian and Pacific Oceans had become so widely navigable.3 For almost five centuries, these memories and experiences comprised the history of many Atlantics—north and south, eastern and western; Amerindian and African;4 enslaved and * Forthcoming in David Armitage, Alison Bashford and Sujit Sivasundaram, eds., Oceanic Histories (Cambridge, 2017). -
Pirates, Merchants, Settlers, and Slaves: Colonial America and the Indo-Atlantic World
Faculty Pub Night William H. Hannon Library Fall 12-1-2015 Pirates, Merchants, Settlers, and Slaves: Colonial America and the Indo-Atlantic World Kevin McDonald Loyola Marymount University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/facultypubnight Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation McDonald, Kevin, "Pirates, Merchants, Settlers, and Slaves: Colonial America and the Indo-Atlantic World" (2015). Faculty Pub Night. 5. https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/facultypubnight/5 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the William H. Hannon Library at Digital Commons @ Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Pub Night by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons@Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Faculty Pub Night – Fall 2015 Date: December 1, 2015 Speaker: Kevin P. McDonald Introduction The fourth and final Faculty Pub Night of Fall 2015 features Kevin P. McDonald, Assistant Professor of Colonial America & Atlantic World History at LMU's Bellarmine College of Liberal Arts. Professor McDonald will discuss his recent publication, Pirates, Merchants, Settlers, and Slaves: Colonial America and the Indo-Atlantic World. About the Author Kevin P. McDonald is an Assistant Professor of Colonial America and Atlantic World History at Loyola Marymount University (2012-present), with research interests in maritime history, pirates and piracy, colonialism/empire, and slavery. Dr. McDonald received his Ph.D. in History at the University of California, Santa Cruz (2008) and the M.A. in History from Rutgers University/NJIT. He was an A.W. -
The Atlantic Ocean DAVID ARMITAGE* There Was a Time Before Atlantic
The Atlantic Ocean DAVID ARMITAGE* There was a time before Atlantic history. 200 million years ago, in the early Jurassic, no waters formed either barriers or bridges among what are now the Americas, Europe and Africa. These land-masses formed a single supercontinent of Pangea until tectonic shifts gradually pushed them apart. The movement continues to this day, as the Atlantic basin expands at about the same rate that the Pacific’s contracts: roughly two centimetres a year. The Atlantic Ocean, at an average of about 4000 kilometres wide and 4 kilometres deep, is not as broad or profound as the Pacific, the Earth’s largest ocean by far, although its multi-continental shoreline is greater than that of the Pacific and Indian Oceans combined.1 The Atlantic is now but a suburb of the world ocean. Despite the best efforts of international organizations to demarcate it precisely,2 the Atlantic is inextricably part of world history, over geological time as well as on a human scale. There was Atlantic history long before there were Atlantic historians. There were histories around the Atlantic, along its shores and within its coastal waters. There were histories in the Atlantic, on its islands and over its open seas. And there were histories across the Atlantic, beginning with the Norse voyages in the eleventh century and then becoming repeatable and regular in both directions from the early sixteenth century onwards, long after the Indian and Pacific Oceans had become so widely navigable.3 For almost five centuries, these memories and experiences comprised the history of many Atlantics—north and south, eastern and western; Amerindian and African;4 enslaved and * Forthcoming in David Armitage, Alison Bashford and Sujit Sivasundaram, eds., Oceanic Histories (Cambridge, 2017). -
Unit 1: the Atlantic World
APUSH SKILLBOOK UNIT 1: THE ATLANTIC WORLD REVIEW OF PERIOD 1: 1491-1607 The Atlantic world is a historical construct that defines how four landmasses that border the Atlantic Ocean—Africa, Europe, North America, and South America (including the Caribbean and Central America)—interacted and influenced each other from the 1420s until the middle of the seventeenth century. It serves as a means for examining European contact as well as exploration and settlement in Africa and in the Western Hemisphere. The rise of the Atlantic world created new global economies and social systems that expanded markets, redistributed wealth, and transformed cultures in the four regions. EUROPE LOOKS OUTWARD Europe in the mid-fifteenth century was divided linguistically, politically, and economically. Most people lived in small villages organized in a patriarchal manner. The continent was slowly recovering from the Black Death, a plague that had decimated as much as one-third of the European population in the mid-fourteenth century. As the nations grew in population and economic strength, they became more urbanized and affluent. Moreover, strong leaders emerged in Spain, England, France, and Portugal. All these factors promoted a desire for commercial expansion and zeal to spread European power and the Christian religion. Fueling this outlook was the desire to reach the riches of Asia by avoiding the long and dangerous trade routes of North Africa and Southwest Asia controlled by Muslim groups. Portugal was first to act on these impulses. Under the leadership of Prince Henry, Portuguese sailors made contact with the native peoples and began mapping the west coast of Africa in the 1420s. -
America and Race: a Bibliography for UK History Undergraduates
America and Race: A Bibliography for UK History Undergraduates Highlights Edition The America and Race bibliography project presents works that provide accessible historical insights into conceptions of race, the social construction of difference, and the freedom struggles that have attempted to dismantle white supremacy. The project adopts a broad chronological span from early America to the contemporary United States, and includes Atlantic, global, national, and regional approaches. The titles that appear below are recommendations for critical engagement, rather than endorsements. This bibliography provides a resource for undergraduates across the UK who are delving deeper into their study of the history of American racism, be it in self-directed further reading, independent revision or preliminary dissertation research. Module designers may also wish to use this list. The bibliography subcategories are organised chronologically, with more thematic categories at the end. The scholarly books and articles on this list are generally available in research libraries, including university libraries accessible to undergraduates, and the publicly accessible British Library, Institute of Historical Research, National Library of Scotland, and National Library of Wales. Northern Irish readers without university affiliation may be able to access the National Library of Ireland in Dublin. Check www.worldcat.org for the nearest copies. Whenever an open access resource exists, the link has been provided. This highlights edition is also available on