Triangular Trade and the Middle Passage
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The Royal African: Or, Memoirs of the Young Prince of Annamaboe
This is a reproduction of a library book that was digitized by Google as part of an ongoing effort to preserve the information in books and make it universally accessible. http://books.google.com THE Royal African? MEMO IRS ; OF THE Young Prince of Annamaboe. Comprehending A distinct Account of his Country and Family ; his elder Brother's Voyage to France, and Recep tion there ; the Manner in which himself was confided by his Father to the Captain who sold him ; his Condition while a Slave in Barbadoes ; the true Cause of his being redeemed ; his Voy age from thence; and Reception here in England. Interspers'd throughout / 4 With several Historical Remarks on the Com merce of the European Nations, whose Subjects fre quent the Coast of Guinea. To which is prefixed A LETTER from thdr; Author to a Person of Distinction, in Reference to some natural Curiosities in Africa ; as well as explaining the Motives which induced him to compose these Memoirs. — . — — t Othello shews the Muse's utmost Power, A brave, an honest, yet a hapless Moor. In Oroonoko lhines the Hero's Mind, With native Lustre by no Art resin 'd. Sweet Juba strikes us but with milder Charms, At once renown'd for Virtue, Love, and Arms. Yet hence might rife a still more moving Tale, But Shake/pears, Addisons, and Southerns fail ! LONDON: Printed for W. Reeve, at Sha&ejpear's Head, Flectsireet ; G. Woodfall, and J. Barnes, at Charing- Cross; and at the Court of Requests. /: .' . ( I ) To the Honourable **** ****** Qs ****** • £#?*, Esq; y5T /j very natural, Sir, /£æ/ ><?a should be surprized at the Accounts which our News- Papers have given you, of the Appearance of art African Prince in England under Circumstances of Distress and Ill-usage, which reflecl very highly upon us as a People. -
Buffalo & Erie County Public Library
The great American abolitionist, writer and Those enslaved TELLING THE STORY: orator Frederick suffered greatly during Douglass once the Middle Passage, or said, “Slavery is the transatlantic crossing, Enslavement great test question and upon arrival, endured unimaginable of African People of our age and Solomon Northup Twelve Years a Slave physical, cultural, and in the United States nation.” Now, 400 intellectual brutality years after the first by their enslavers. This inhumanity is well African people were Buffalo & Erie County documented in shipping records, bills of sale, Public Library captured, enslaved Slave Auction advertisements and personal and transported to Slave Ship Diagram accounts of the the United States, the enslaved. repercussions of this horrific practice remain with us today. This Library exhibit highlights its Supporters of History of Slavery Collection slavery were and, perhaps more typically enslavers ambitiously, to provoke themselves. community conversations Early arguments for slavery were about our country’s Notice of Slave Auction history of enslavement simplistic and merely and its continuing to defend against On display through July 2020 attacks made against the aftermath. practice. Later arguments Downtown Central Library or rationalizations were From antiquity to 1 Lafayette Square protective, religious and modern day, enslavement has existed racist. Slavery was an Grosvenor Room in one form or another. Institutionalized institution of power and Rare Book Display Room slavery—mostly for the powerful people who Ring of Knowledge agricultural labor— protected it to protect Main floor thrived in the American their own profits. English colonies and was central to the Protections for slavery Buffalo & Erie County Public development and were embedded in Cotton is King and Olaudah Equiano - economic growth of America’s founding , The Life of Olaudah Equiano Pro-Slavery Arguments LIBRARYwww.BuffaloLib.org the United States. -
The Middle Passage MAP by Patagonia Routes SLAVE TRADING MARK ANDERSON MOORE Malvina (Falkland Is.) REGIONS Atlantic Slave Trade
Arctic Ocean Greenland Arctic Ocean ARCTIC CIRCLE Iceland Norway Sweden Finland B udson ay H North North Scotland Sea Denmark Moscow Labrador England Ireland Prussia British North A Atlantic Russian Empire mer London German ica Paris States Kiev OREGON Newfoundland Asia TERRITORY Quebec Ocean Montreal Austria Bay of France Vt. Me. Nova Scotia Biscay Italy C NY NH “TRIANGULAR TRADE” Black Sea a Mass. Rome Ottoman sp ia Pa. RI n LOUISIANA Oh. Conn. Portugal Madrid Empire Il. In. NJ United States S TERRITORY e Spain a Va. Del. Ky. Md. Azores Is. Tn. NC by 1820 M In TUNIS edi dian Terr. O terra Persia SC C nean S Ms. C ea Al. Madeira O Ga. R ALGIERS La. O M Cairo P Fla. Canary Is. er EGYPT sia n G Bahama Is. ulf Mexico Havana WESTERN SUDAN R. R e Mecca Mexico West Indies dle Pa d Cuba Mid ssag Nile S City he e e T a Arabia Haiti Timbuktu Vera Jamaica Puerto Rico Cruz Guadeloupe Cape Verde Is. Martinique SENEGAMBIA Niger Africa Arabian Central America Barbados Cape Verde R. Sea Portobelo Trinidad Caracas SIERRA ETHIOPIA Stabroek (Georgetown) LEONE GUINEA Paramaribo Cayenne BIGHT Bogotá WINDWARD GOLD OF BIGHT COAST COAST BENIN Mogadishu Galapagos Is. SL OF Quito Colombia AV BIAFRA Barro do Rio E T Negro RAD Belé m Fortaleza ING REGIONS CONGO Paita Indian Brazil Recife Trujillo Ocean Peru ANGOLA Lima Salvador La Plata ambezi La Paz Z R. Chuquisaca MOZAMBIQUE South America São Paulo Rio de Janeiro From The Way We Lived in North Carolina © 2003 The University of North Carolina Press Madagascar La Serena Santos Easter I. -
Shipboard Insurrections, the British Government and Anglo-American Society in the Early 18Th Century James Buckwalter Eastern Illinois University
Eastern Illinois University The Keep 2010 Awards for Excellence in Student Research & 2010 Awards for Excellence in Student Research Creative Activity - Documents and Creativity 4-21-2010 Shipboard Insurrections, the British Government and Anglo-American Society in the Early 18th Century James Buckwalter Eastern Illinois University Follow this and additional works at: http://thekeep.eiu.edu/lib_awards_2010_docs Part of the African American Studies Commons, African History Commons, European History Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Buckwalter, James, "Shipboard Insurrections, the British Government and Anglo-American Society in the Early 18th Century" (2010). 2010 Awards for Excellence in Student Research & Creative Activity - Documents. 1. http://thekeep.eiu.edu/lib_awards_2010_docs/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the 2010 Awards for Excellence in Student Research and Creativity at The Keep. It has been accepted for inclusion in 2010 Awards for Excellence in Student Research & Creative Activity - Documents by an authorized administrator of The Keep. For more information, please contact [email protected]. James Buckwalter Booth Library Research Award Shipboard Insurrections, the British Government and Anglo-American Society in the Early 18th Century My research has focused on slave insurrections on board British ships in the early 18th century and their perceptions both in government and social circles. In all, it uncovers the stark differences in attention given to shipboard insurrections, ranging from significant concern in maritime circles to near ignorance in government circles. Moreover, the nature of discourse concerning slave shipboard insurrections differs from Britons later in the century, when British subjects increasingly began to view the slave trade as not only morally reprehensible, but an area in need of political reform as well. -
History of Slavery in America - Student Success Day
9/22/20 History of Slavery in America - Student Success Day 1619 or 1776? Presented by Chris Stout Sep 22, 2020 11:00 AM 1 A Global Enterprise • All Western European nations participated in the African slave trade. • The slave trade was dominated by the Portuguese in the sixteenth century, the Dutch in the sugar boom of the seventeenth century, and the English who entered the trade in the seventeenth century. • Over 10 – 12 million slaves between 1700 – 1800 • Majority were between the age of 15 and 30 • New England slavers entered the trade in the eighteenth century. • Newport RI, more than 100K slaves carried in the 18th century • Collaboration between American, European, and Africans enabled the trade http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B0geOQ25Pyw 2 2 1 9/22/20 MAP 4.2 Slave Colonies of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries By the eighteenth century, the system of slavery had created societies with large African populations throughout the Caribbean and along the southern coast of North America. 3 3 The Tobacco Colonies https://www.youtube.c om/watch?v=DSDek9M • Tobacco was the most important -hSk commodity produced in eighteenth century North America, accounting for 25% of the value of all colonial exports. • Slavery allowed the expansion of tobacco production since it was labor- intensive. • Using slave labor, tobacco was grown on large plantations and small farms. • The slave population in this region grew largely by natural increase. 4 4 2 9/22/20 FIGURE 4.3 Value of Colonial Exports by Region, Annual Average, 1768–72 With tobacco, rice, grain, and indigo, the Chesapeake and Lower South accounted for nearly two-thirds of colonial exports in the late eighteenth century. -
Reflections on the Slave Trade and Impact on Latin American Culture
Unit Title: Reflections on the Slave Trade and Impact on Latin American Culture Author: Colleen Devine Atlanta Charter Middle School 6th grade Humanities 2-week unit Unit Summary: In this mini-unit, students will research and teach each other about European conquest and colonization in Latin America. They will learn about and reflect on the trans- Atlantic slave trade. They will analyze primary source documents from the slave trade by conducting research using the online Slave Voyages Database, reading slave narratives and viewing primary source paintings and photographs. They will reflect on the influence of African culture in Latin America as a result of the slave trade. Finally, they will write a slave perspective narrative, applying their knowledge of all of the above. Established Goals: Georgia Performance Standards: GA SS6H1: The student will describe the impact of European contact on Latin America. a. Describe the encounter and consequences of the conflict between the Spanish and the Aztecs and Incas and the roles of Cortes, Montezuma, Pizarro, and Atahualpa. b. Explain the impact of the Columbian Exchange on Latin America and Europe in terms of the decline of the indigenous population, agricultural change, and the introduction of the horse. GA SS6H2: The student will describe the influence of African slavery on the development of the Americas. Enduring Understandings: Students will be able to describe the impact of European contact on Latin America. Students will be able to define the African slave trade and describe the impact it had on Latin America. Students will reflect on the experiences of slaves in the trans-Atlantic slave trade. -
|||GET||| Middle Passages 1St Edition
MIDDLE PASSAGES 1ST EDITION DOWNLOAD FREE Eve Adamson | 9780811212328 | | | | | A Sort of Homecoming The first mateCringle, tries to steer the ship, but he cannot figure out where in the ocean they are, claiming that since the storm, none Middle Passages 1st edition the constellations are where they are supposed to be. Typical slave ships contained several hundred slaves with about 30 crew members. Historical novel. Suicide was a frequent occurrence, often by refusal of food or medicine or jumping overboard, as well as by a variety of other opportunistic means. Doctors checked Middle Passages 1st edition health regularly to make sure they could command high prices once they were sold on the auction blocks in the Americas. External Websites. Slaves also resisted through certain manifestations of their religions and mythology. Aboard ships, the captives were not always willing to follow orders. Published by Atheneum As a way to Middle Passages 1st edition disease and suicide attempts, the crew would force the slaves onto the deck of the ship for exercise, usually resulting in beatings because the slaves Middle Passages 1st edition be unwilling to dance for them or interact. The Zong incident became fuel for the abolitionist movement and a major court case, as the insurance company refused to compensate for the loss. From: glenthebookseller Montgomery, IL, U. They, like the captives, were subject to dysentery, the leading cause of death on these ships, but they were also exposed to new diseases in Africa, like malaria and yellow fever. Osifekunde c. This communication was a direct subversion of European authority and allowed slaves to have a form of power and identity otherwise prohibited. -
Transoceanic Mortality: the Slave Trade in Comparative Perspective
1 Transoceanic Mortality: The Slave Trade in Comparative Perspective by Herbert S. Klein, Stanley L. Engerman, Robin Haines, and Ralph Shlomowitz* Published in the William & Mary Quarterly, LVIII, no. 1 (January 2001), pp. 93-118. Death in the Middle Passage has long been at the center of the moral attack on slavery, and during the past two centuries estimates of the death rate and explanations of its magnitude have been repeatedly discussed and debated. For comparative purposes we draw on studies of mortality in other aspects of the movement of slaves from Africa to the Americas, as well as the experiences of passengers on other long-distance oceanic voyages.1 These comparisons will provide new interpretations as well as raise significant problems for the study of African, European, and American history. The transatlantic slave trade represented a major international movement of persons, and, although only one part of the movement of slaves from the point of enslavement in Africa to their place of forced labor in the Americas, shipboard mortality was its most conspicuous and frequently discussed aspect. Of the more than 27,000 voyages included in the Du Bois Institute dataset, more than 5,000 have information on shipboard mortality. Information is provided on African ports of embarkation; American ports of disembarkation; nationality of carrying vessels; numbers of slaves leaving Africa, arriving in the Americas, and dying in transit; ship size; numbers of crew and their mortality; and length of time at sea. The dataset also permits, with subsequent collecting, the linking of this information to government and private documents containing data on sailing times from Europe to Africa and time on the coast while purchasing slaves. -
Orisha Journeys: the Role of Travel in the Birth of Yorùbá-Atlantic Religions 1
Arch. de Sc. soc. des Rel., 2002, 117 (janvier-mars) 17-36 Peter F. COHEN ORISHA JOURNEYS: THE ROLE OF TRAVEL IN THE BIRTH OF YORÙBÁ-ATLANTIC RELIGIONS 1 Introduction 2 In recent years the array of Orisha 3 traditions associated withtheYorùbá- speaking peoples of West Africa has largely broken free of the category of “Afri- can traditional religion” and begun to gain recognition as a nascent world religion in its own right. While Orisha religions are today both trans-national and pan-eth- nic, they are nonetheless the historical precipitate of the actions and interactions of particular individuals. At their human epicenter are the hundreds of thousands of Yorùbá-speaking people who left their country during the first half of the 19th cen- tury in one of the most brutal processes of insertion into the world economy under- gone by any people anywhere; the Atlantic slave trade. While the journey of the Middle Passage is well known, other journeys under- taken freely by Africans during the period of the slave trade – in a variety of direc- tions, for a multiplicity of reasons, often at great expense, and sometimes at great personal risk – are less so. These voyages culminated in a veritable transmigration involving thousands of Yorùbá-speaking people and several points on both sides of 1 Paper presented at the 1999 meeting of the Société Internationale de la Sociologie des Religions. This article was originally prepared in 1999. Since then, an impressive amount of literature has been published on the subject, which only serves to strengthen our case. A great deal of new of theoretical work on the African Diaspora in terms of trans-national networks and mutual exchanges has not so much challenged our arguments as diminished their novelty. -
King's Research Portal
King’s Research Portal DOI: 10.1177/1043463113513001 Document Version Peer reviewed version Link to publication record in King's Research Portal Citation for published version (APA): Marcum, A., & Skarbek, D. (2014). Why Didn’t Slaves Revolt More Often During the Middle Passage? RATIONALITY AND SOCIETY, 26(2), 236-262. https://doi.org/10.1177/1043463113513001 Citing this paper Please note that where the full-text provided on King's Research Portal is the Author Accepted Manuscript or Post-Print version this may differ from the final Published version. If citing, it is advised that you check and use the publisher's definitive version for pagination, volume/issue, and date of publication details. And where the final published version is provided on the Research Portal, if citing you are again advised to check the publisher's website for any subsequent corrections. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the Research Portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognize and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. •Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the Research Portal for the purpose of private study or research. •You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain •You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the Research Portal Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. -
The Slow Death of Slavery in Nineteenth Century Senegal and the Gold Coast
That Most Perfidious Institution: The slow death of slavery in nineteenth century Senegal and the Gold Coast Trevor Russell Getz Submitted for the degree of PhD University of London, School or Oriental and African Studies ProQuest Number: 10673252 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 10673252 Published by ProQuest LLC(2017). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 Abstract That Most Perfidious Institution is a study of Africans - slaves and slave owners - and their central roles in both the expansion of slavery in the early nineteenth century and attempts to reform servile relationships in the late nineteenth century. The pivotal place of Africans can be seen in the interaction between indigenous slave-owning elites (aristocrats and urban Euro-African merchants), local European administrators, and slaves themselves. My approach to this problematic is both chronologically and geographically comparative. The central comparison between Senegal and the Gold Coast contrasts the varying impact of colonial policies, integration into the trans-Atlantic economy; and, more importantly, the continuity of indigenous institutions and the transformative agency of indigenous actors. -
Middle-Passage-Memorial.Pdf
Slave Trade Memorial Duration: This lesson culminates in a project which can take substantial time. Teachers may assign it as an in-class or homework, group or individual assignment. The core themes of the lesson are contained in the reading on the conditions of the Middle Passage, which is supplemented by images in PowerPoint and written Primary Sources. OVERVIEW AND BACKGROUND TO LESSON: This lesson asks students to demonstrate their mastery of their knowledge about the Middle Passage by designing a memorial. Slavery memorials are not common in the United States, despite the fact that roughly two million people perished because of inhumane conditions during their forced migration to the New World between 1519 and 1867. There have, however, been recent movements to have memorials built. In July 2007, a ten-person committee was formed at Brown University to discuss memorializing slavery in Providence, Rhode Island, in acknowledgement of the university founders’ connection with the slave trade. (Debbie Lehman, “U. Launches Commission to Consider Slavery Memorial,” Brown Daily Herald, 16 July 2007). https://www.browndailyherald.com/2007/07/16/u-launches-commission-to-consider- slavery-memorial/ The lesson contains several steps which teachers can use at their discretion to build an appreciation for what enslaved Africans were subjected to as they were forced to the New World, why this part of history should get a public memorial, and how that memorial should be expressed in words and image. The lesson uses mortality statistics from the database to help students get an understanding of how many people died on a voyage, reading comprehension questions, and a PowerPoint Presentation of various monuments.