Introduced, Translated, and Annotated by Simon Brodbeck PRONUNCIATION GUIDE P
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FOREWORD p. 6 INTRODUCTION p. 7 Introduced, translated, and annotated by Simon Brodbeck PRONUNCIATION GUIDE p. 19 GLOSSARY p. 20 THE SOLAR DYNASTY (Harivaṃśa 8–10) p. 21 8. The Birth of the Gods p. 21 Kaśyapa � Vivasvat � children incl. Manu (1–7) Version of 13 September 2011 Story of Vivasvat and Saṃjñā (8–47) Introduction, translation, and notes © Simon Brodbeck All rights reserved 9. The Emission of Vivasvat Āditya (Continued) p. 31 Manu � children incl. Ikṣvāku, Śaryāti, and Iḍā (1–5) Iḍā � Purūravas (6–16) Manu � ... (17–24) Story of Raivata, descendant of Śaryāti (25–35) Manu � ... (36–7) Ikṣvāku � Vikukṣi (38–43) Kakutstha � ... � Kuvalāśva (44–7) Story of Kuvalāśva Dhundhumāra (48–77) Kuvalāśva � ... � Trayyāruṇa � Satyavrata (78–88) Story of Satyavrata (first part) (89–100) 10. The Emission of Vivasvat Āditya (Concluded) p. 49 Story of Satyavrata Triśaṅku (concluded) (1–20) 1 2 Satyavrata � Hariścandra � ... � Sagara (21–7) Sutahotṛ � the Kāsikula (54b–72) Story of Sagara and sons, incl. Pañcajana (28–62) Suhotra � Bṛhat � Ajamīḍha (73–4) Pañcajana � ... � Rāma � ... � Sahasvat (63–77) Ajamīḍha � Jahnu � ... � Viśvāmitra and sons (75–94) Ajamīḍha � ... � the Pāñcālas (95–102) THE LUNAR DYNASTY (Harivaṃśa 20–29) p. 63 Ajamīḍha � ... � Śāṃtanu � ... � Janamejaya (103–21) (2) Turvasu � ... � Duḥṣanta Paurava’s descendants (123–9) 20. The Origin of Soma p. 63 (3) Druhyu � ... � Gāndhāra (130–32) (4) Anu � ... � Sucetas (133) Atri � Soma (1–27) (5) Yadu � sons incl. Sahasrada and Kroṣṭu (134) Soma’s battle for Tārā (28–36) Sahasrada � ... � Kārtavīrya (135–7) Soma � Budha � Purūravas (37–46) Story of Arjuna Kārtavīrya (138–55) Kārtavīrya � ... (156–60) 21. Indra’s Expulsion p. 73 Vṛṣa � ... (161–2) Purūravas � Āyus and sons incl. Nahuṣa and Raji (1–11) 24. The Triple Line of Vṛṣṇi (The Line of Kroṣṭu) p. 117 Story of Raji and Indra (12–36) Kroṣṭu � Anamitra, Yudhājit, and Devamīḍhuṣa (1–2) 22. The Story of Yayāti p. 81 (1) Yudhājit � Vṛṣṇi � Śvaphalka and Citraka (3) Śvaphalka � ... � Akrūra and sons (4–11) � Nahuṣa Yayāti (1–4) Citraka � ... (12–13) Yayāti’s chariot (5–14) (2) Devamīḍhuṣa � Śūra � sons incl. Vasudeva (14–19a) Yayāti and sons Yadu, Turvasu, Druhyu, Anu, Pūru (15–43) Śūra’s daughters � descendants incl. the Pāṇḍavas (19b–23) (3) Anamitra � ... � Sātyaki (24) 23. The Quintuple Emission p. 89 (2) Śūra � ... (25–33) (1) Pūru � ... � Raudrāśva’s sons incl. Kakṣeyu and Ṛceyu (2–8) 25. The Birth of Kṛṣṇa p. 123 The Svastyātreyas (9–14) Kakṣeyu � ... � Mahāmanas � Uśīnara and Titikṣu (15–20) Vasudeva � ... (1–8a) Uśīnara � ... (21–25c) Kālayavana and the flight to Dvāravatī (8b–16) Titikṣu � Bali and sons incl. Aṅga (25d–32c) � Aṅga ... (32d–41) 26. The Offspring of Jyāmagha p. 127 Ṛceyu � ... � Bharata (42–9) Vitatha � sons incl. Suhotra and Sutahotṛ (50–54a) Kroṣṭu � Vṛjinīvat � ... � Parājit’s sons incl. Jyāmagha (1–11) 3 4 Story of Jyāmagha (12–17) Jyāmagha � ... � Purutvat and his son (18–27) This document contains Sanskrit text and annotated English 27. The Line of the Kukuras p. 133 translation of the Harivaṃśa’s preliminary genealogical portions: accounts of the solar dynasty of kings (chapters 8–10) and the Purutvat’s wife � Bhajamāna, Devāvṛdha, Andhaka, Vṛṣṇi (1–2) lunar dynasty of kings (20–29). Bhajamāna � ... (3–5) The Sanskrit text is taken from the critically reconstituted Story of Devāvṛdha and his son Babhru (6–15) version prepared by P. L. Vaidya (published in Poona in 1969–71 Andhaka � sons incl. Kukura and Bhajamāna II (16) with apparatus, and in 1976 without), as transliterated by a team of Kukura � ... � Āhuka � Devaka and Ugrasena (17–25) scholars in association with the Dubrovnik International Devaka � ... (26–7) Conference on the Sanskrit Epics and Purāṇas and made Ugrasena � ... (28–30) electronically available on the website of the Abteilung für Indologie at the University of Zürich. I am grateful to Peter 28. The False Accusation against Kṛṣṇa p. 139 Schreiner for overseeing the e-text project, and to Peter Bisschop, Christophe Vielle, and Horst Brinkhaus, who entered and proofed Bhajamāna II � ... � Hṛdika � ... (1–8) the portions that I used as a base in preparing this document. Kroṣṭu � Anamitra � Nighna � Prasena and Satrājit (9–11) The work presented here was undertaken in association Story of the Syamantaka gem (first part) (12–31) with an Arts and Humanities Research Council research project, Satrājit � ... (32–5) entitled The History of Genealogy, the Genealogy of History: Family and Yudhājit � Pṛśni (i.e. Vṛṣṇi) � Śvaphalka and Citraka (36) the Narrative Construction of the Significant Past in Early South Asia, Śvaphalka � ... � Akrūra and sons (37–42) which was undertaken in the School of Religious and Theological Citraka and sons (43) Studies at Cardiff University (later the Department of Religious and Theological Studies, in the School of History, Archaeology, and 29. The Syamantaka Gem (Continued) p. 147 Religion), in collaboration with James Hegarty. For facilitating this work in their various ways, I am grateful to my Cardiff colleagues – NOTES p. 155 particularly those involved in the Centre for the History of Religion in Asia – and to my funders. My thanks go also to CHARTS OF THE TWO DYNASTIES p. 205 Christopher Austin, Christophe Vielle, and two anonymous reviewers, whose kind comments have resulted in several REFERENCES p. 209 improvements to the translation; and to Michael Delicate, David Utton, and Rebecca Shortland, with whom I read some passages. INDEX OF NAMES p. 216 5 6 complete translation of the reconstituted Harivaṃśa – perhaps because insofar as it is encompassed by the Mahābhārata it is not really a text in its own right, and perhaps because, in consonance The Harivaṃśa with its status as a series of khilas, it can seem rather ‘bitty’. The Harivaṃśa is a collective name given to the final three minor The chapters translated in this document are from the books of the Sanskrit Mahābhārata: the Harivaṃśaparvan, the Harivaṃśaparvan, which begins as a continuation of the Viṣṇuparvan, and the Bhaviṣyatparvan. These three books are Mahābhārata’s dialogue between Ugraśravas the sūta and Śaunaka categorised as khilas (supplements or complements), and are not his brahmin host, and also, within that dialogue, as a continuation included within the Mahābhārata’s 18 major books. Nonetheless of the relayed dialogue that took place at King Janamejaya’s they are said to be original portions of Vyāsa’s Mahābhārata sarpasatra (‘snake session’) between Janamejaya and Vyāsa’s composition, and they are included in a table of its contents, student Vaiśaṃpāyana. amongst the one hundred minor books which preexisted the later division into eighteen major books (Mahābhārata 1.2.69–71). śrutvā itihāsaṃ kārtsnyena bharatānāṃ sa bhārataḥ ǀ The Harivaṃśa contains the oldest surviving biography of janamejayo mahāprājño vaiśaṃpāyanam abravīt ǁ 7 ǁ Kṛṣṇa Vāsudeva, who by way of brief visits is a major player in the mahābhāratam ākhyānaṃ bahvarthaṃ bahuvistaram ǀ story of the Pāṇḍavas that has just been concluded in Mahābhārata kathitaṃ bhavatā vipra vistareṇa mayā śrutam ǁ 8 ǁ 18. Amongst other things, Kṛṣṇa delivered the Bhagavadgītā to his tatra śūrāḥ samākhyātā bahavaḥ puruṣarṣabhāḥ ǀ cousin and brother-in-law Arjuna Pāṇḍava, and then drove the nāmabhiḥ karmabhiś caiva vṛṣṇyandhakamahārathāḥ ǁ 9 ǁ latter’s chariot through eighteen days of war; and he was the great teṣāṃ karmāvadātāni tvayoktāni dvijottama ǀ god Viṣṇu-Nārāyaṇa himself in person. tatra tatra samāsena vistareṇa eva ca abhibho ǁ 10 ǁ The Harivaṃśa has been critically edited by Parashuram na ca me tṛptir astīha kīrtyamāne purātane ǀ Vaidya on the basis of an unprecedented survey of manuscripts. ekaś ca me mato rāśir vṛṣṇayaḥ pāṇḍavās tathā ǁ 11 ǁ Vaidya’s edition, published in 1969–71, contains a reconstituted bhavāṃś ca vaṃśakuśalas teṣāṃ pratyakṣadarśivān ǀ text of 118 chapters – broadly, what all 37 of the manuscripts kathayasva kulaṃ teṣāṃ vistareṇa tapodhana ǁ 12 ǁ chosen as representative of the manuscript tradition have in yasya yasyānvaye ye ye tāṃs tān icchāmi veditum ǀ common – supplemented by apparatus giving the additional teṣāṃ pūrvavisṛṣṭiṃ ca vicitrām ā prajāpateḥ ǁ 13 ǁ material found only in some manuscripts (of which in the case of (Harivaṃśa 1.7–13) Harivaṃśa the there was, comparatively speaking, an awful lot). The assumption is that the reconstituted text would be the oldest 7 Having heard the history of the Bharatas in its entirety, knowable version, from which the various manuscript versions Janamejaya, that very wise descendant of Bharata, said to descended through the years, in a process of repeated copying and Vaiśaṃpāyana: occasional addition. The reconstituted version would thus be an important text, with implications for the study of religions, and for 8 The great Bhārata tale, of great import and great extent, has the classics and the humanities more widely. But there exists no been narrated by you in detail, O seer, as I have heard. 7 8 9 Many great chariot-warrior heroes of the Vṛṣṇis and These kings include Rāma Dāśaratha of Rāmāyaṇa fame. Andhakas, bulls of men, have been mentioned there by their Intervening after the solar dynasty but before the lunar dynasty is names, and also by their deeds. 10 You have told of their the Pitṛkalpa (Harivaṃśa 11–19), which has been translated into blameless deeds, O best of the twice-born, at various points, in French by Marcelle Saindon (1998). Amongst other things, it brief and also in detail, O master. contains recapitulation of materials presented by Bhīṣma in 11 But although I praise the old tale, I’m not yet Mahābhārata 13 concerning the mechanics of patrilineal satisfied. In my view, the Vṛṣṇis are a single group together maintenance via the feasting ritual of śrāddha (see especially with the Pāṇḍavas; 12 and as a direct witness, you are Mahābhārata 13.23–4 and 13.87–92; compare Manusmṛti 3.122–284).