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Armour As a Symbolic Form
Originalveröffentlichung in: Waffen-und Kostümkunde 26 (1984), Nr. 2, S. 77-96 Armour As a Symbolic Form By Zdzislaw Zygulski Jr. „It is perfectly possible to argue that some distinctive objects are made by the mind, and that these objects, while appearing to exist objectively, have only a fictional reality." E. W. Said, Orientalism, New York 1979 Somewhere in the remote past of mankind armour was born, its basic purpose being to protect the soft and vulnerable human body in combat. It is somewhat surprising that in the course of Darwinian evolution man lost his natural protective attributes, above all hair, and slowly became what is called, with some malice, ,,the naked ape". Very soon man the hunter adopted animal skins as his first dress and also as armour. The tradition of an armour of leather is very ancient and still lingers in the word ,,cuirass". Various natural substances such as hard wood, plant fibres, bones, hoofs, or even tusks were used to make the body protection more resistant, but as soon as metallurgy had been mastered metal became the supreme material for all kinds of weaponry, both offensive and defensive. Since a blow to the head was often lethal, special attention was paid to the pro tection of that principal part of the body: early bronze helmets of conical shape are represented in the Sume rian art as early as the third millennium B. C.l. The shield, a prehistoric invention, although detached from the body and movable, may also be considered as a kind of armour. In the course of centuries a great number of types of armour and innumerable actual specimens were crea ted. -
AMERICAN EARLY JET-AGE AIRCREW FLIGHT HELMETS, a HISTORY in TWO PARTS: Part I: A
1 AMERICAN EARLY JET-AGE AIRCREW FLIGHT HELMETS, A HISTORY IN TWO PARTS: Part I: A general guide for collectors, and Part II: A history of US Air Force ‘P-series’ helmets by Christopher T. Carey, MA PART I: A general guide for collectors of American jet-age flight helmets Figure 1: Movie poster (John Wayne's JET PILOT, 1959) Who, among aviation buffs and action fans alike the world over, could ever forget the exciting scenes of fighter jock icy-calm bravado as pilots repeatedly pushed the aircraft combat performance envelope to the limits in such classic movies as ‘TOP GUN’ and ‘THE RIGHT STUFF?’ It took a pretty beat libido and low testosterone titer to sit there and watch those stirring exploits in the wild blue yonder without feeling a distinct thrill shoot down the spine like a Sidewinder missile. Unfortunately, for every natural born, eagle-eyed Chuck Yeager there are several thousands of poor souls who, despite having spent a lifetime blazing new paths across the sky in their daydreams, were not favored by fate with the right combination of abilities, circumstance and opportunity, to achieve such a lofty ambition as actually piloting a state-of-the-art fighter aircraft beyond the speed of sound and into the heat of actual combat. Today, one of the most interesting means these legions of armchair fighter jocks have at their disposal to expiate unrequited yearnings of this sort is to collect aircrew protective flight gear (now known to military professionals as ALSE, or ‘Aircrew Life Support Equipment’). Perhaps you can‟t actually walk the walk and talk the talk of the righteous brotherhood of Sierra Hotel (slang for s**t-hot) military pilots, but you can certainly pursue the fascinating hobby of surrounding yourself with the tools of their trade and in so doing vicariously bask in some of the reflected glory of their calling. -
Winter 2020 No
Arkansas Military History Journal A Publication of the Arkansas National Guard Museum, Inc. Vol. 14 Winter 2020 No. 1 In the Grippe of Influenza: Arkansas and the Spanish Influenza Epidemic of 1918 BOARD OF DIRECTORS Chairman Brigadier General John O. Payne Ex-Officio Vice Chairman Colonel (Ret) Damon N. Cluck Ex-Officio Secretary Dr. Raymond D. Screws (Non-Voting) Ex-Officio Treasurer Major Sharetta Glover Board Members Ex-Officio—Major Adam Warford Ex-Officio—Major James Lehner Ex-Officio—Colonel Paul Jara Ex-Officio—CSM Steven Veazey Ex-Officio—CW2 Darrell Daniels At Large – Lieutenant Colonel (Ret) Clement J. Papineau, Jr. Lieutenant Colonel Matthew Anderson (Non-Voting Consultant) Deanna Holdcraft (Non-Voting Consultant) Museum Staff Dr. Raymond D. Screws, Director/Journal Editor Erica McGraw, Museum Assistant, Journal Layout & Design Incorporated 27 June 1989 Arkansas Non-profit Corporation Cover Photograph: Photo from oakandlaurel.com/blog Table of Contents In the Grippe of Influenza: Arkansas and the Spanish Influenza Epidemic of 1918 By Lauren Jarvis, Arkansas State Archives ................................................................................................. 4 The Pandemic of 1918 Timeline By LTC Matthew W. Anderson ................................................................................................................ 10 Featured Artificat: U.S. Model 1917 Helmet By LTC Matthew W. Anderson ................................................................................................................ 20 Message from the Editor We are certainly living in an unusual time in our history. COVID-19 has altered our lives in ways we never imagined. But there have been many pandemics throughout human history. In 1918, as the First World War was about to end, the United States, and the World, experienced a devastating disease. Millions of people worldwide died during the Influenza Pandemic that first hit during the spring of 1918, and then with full-force in the fall. -
Clad in Steel: the Evolution of Armor and Weapons in Medieval Europe
Clad in Steel: The Evolution of Armor and Weapons in Medieval Europe Jason Gill Honors Thesis Professor Katherine Smith and Professor William Barry 1 The sun rose over Northern France on October 25, 1415 to reveal two armies, one fighting for England, one for France. As the English advanced in good order toward their enemies, the sun at their backs, the steel plate of their knights seemed to shine in the morning light, even as the shafts of their archers cast shadows on the ground. The unprepared French forces hurried to strap on their armor plates and lock their visors into place, hoping these would protect them from the lethal rain their enemies brought against them, and hurried across the sodden field to meet the glistening blades of their foes, even as arrows descended upon them like hail. The slaughter that followed, which has come to be known as the battle of Agincourt, remains one of the most iconic and infamous engagements of the Middle Ages, with archers and knights in shining armor slaughtering each other in the thousands. For many of these soldiers, armor and skill were their only defenses against the assaults of their enemies, so it was fortunate that by the time of Agincourt armor design had become truly impressive. But how did this armor evolve to this point? What pushed armorers to continually improve their designs? And what weapons were brought to bear against it? All are important questions, and all deserve to be treated in depth. The evolution of armor, of course, is a complicated topic. -
Hau 009 Eng.Pdf
Magazine devoted to military history, uniformology and war equipment since the Ancient Era until the 20th century Publishing Director: Bruno Mugnai Redational Staff: Anthony J. Jones; Andrew Tzavaras; Luca S. Cristini. Collaborators: András K. Molnár; Ciro Paoletti; Riccardo Caimmi; Paolo Coturri; Adriana Vannini, Chun L. Wang; Mario Venturi; Christian Monteleone; Andrea Rossi. Cover: Sonia Zanat; Silvia Orso. * * * Scientific Committee: John Gooch; Peter H. Wilson; Bruce Vandervort; Frederick C. Schneid; Tóth Ferenc; Chris Stockings; Guilherme d'Andrea Frota; Krisztof Kubiak; Jean Nicolas Corvisier; Erwin A. Schmidl; Franco Cardini. #9–2016 PUBLISHER’S NOTE None of images or text of our book may be reproduced in any format without the expressed written permission of publisher. The publisher remains to disposition of the possible having right for all the doubtful sources images or not identifies. Each issue Euro 3,90; Subscription to 11 issues Euro 40,00. Subscriptions through the Magazine website: www.historyanduniforms.com or through Soldiershop ,by Luca S. Cristini, via Padre Davide 8, Zanica (BG). Original illustrations are on sale. Please contact: [email protected] © 2016 Bruno Mugnai HaU_009_ENG - Web Magazine - ISSN not required. Contents: Warriors and Warfare of the Han Dynasty (part three) Chun L. Wang Four Centuries of Italian Armours (12 th -15 th century) (part two) Mario Venturi French Ensigns of the Late-Renaissance (part one) Aldo Ziggioto and Andrea Rossi The Venetian Army and Navy in the Ottoman War of 1684-99 (part nine) Bruno Mugnai The Austrian Light Infantry, 1792-1801 (part two) Paolo Coturri and Bruno Mugnai Forgotten Fronts of WWI: the Balkans, 1916 (part two) Oleg Airapetov Book Reviews The Best on the Net Dear Friend, Dear Reader! The Issue 9 is an important turning point for our magazine. -
2 0 1 0 a N N U a L R E P O
2010 ANNUAL REPORT Our Mission That men and women may work in safety and that they, their families and their communities may live in health throughout the world. Our Vision About the Cover To be the leading innovator and provider of quality safety Conceptualized, designed and engineered within 18 months, and instrument products and services that protect and improve the Altair 4X Multigas Detector with XCell Sensors represents people’s health, safety and the environment. a breakthrough product platform from which MSA and our customers will benefit for years to come. But unlike past To satisfy customer needs through the efforts of motivated, innovations, it’s not just the hardware that makes this product involved, highly trained employees dedicated to continuous so special. As illustrated in the X-ray image on the cover, improvement in quality, service, cost, value, technology it’s what’s inside that counts! and delivery. Through extensive global Voice-of-Customer research, key Business of MSA product differentiators — such as a longer sensor life and a 40 percent faster response time — were designed into XCell Sensors MSA is in the business of developing, manufacturing and to bring greater value to the customer while driving greater selling innovative products that enhance the safety and health return for MSA’s shareholders. of workers throughout the world. Critical to MSA’s mission is a clear understanding of customer processes and safety needs. When installed in gas detection instruments like the Altair 4X MSA dedicates significant resources to research which allows Detector, XCell Sensors save the customer thousands of dollars the company to develop a keen understanding of customer over the lifetime of the instrument. -
12.2% 116,000 120M Top 1% 154 3,900
We are IntechOpen, the world’s leading publisher of Open Access books Built by scientists, for scientists 3,900 116,000 120M Open access books available International authors and editors Downloads Our authors are among the 154 TOP 1% 12.2% Countries delivered to most cited scientists Contributors from top 500 universities Selection of our books indexed in the Book Citation Index in Web of Science™ Core Collection (BKCI) Interested in publishing with us? Contact [email protected] Numbers displayed above are based on latest data collected. For more information visit www.intechopen.com Chapter 8 Contemporary Personal Ballistic Protection (PBP) Izabela Luiza Ciesielska-Wróbel Additional information is available at the end of the chapter http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.69085 Abstract The review concerns existing contemporary protective equipment and their compo- nents serving against ballistic and non-ballistic threats of different sorts. The main focus, however, is on the personal ballistic protection (PBP) based on textile components and their role in the protective elements. Soft ballistic protections are crucial Soft ballistic protections are crucial elements of PBP, forexample in military and law enforcements. Although the subject of PBP was limited in this chapter to soft ballistic protection, other elements, e.g. hard ballistic protection, stab-resistant vests, dual threat, so-called in-con- junction protective elements, modern helmets, were also mentioned in this chapter to demonstrate positioning of the soft ballistic protection and other elements in the global personal protection approach. Apart from it, the chapter contains selected information concerning high-performance polymers and fibres as well as a brief notes about their application in protective panels being basic elements of any protective element. -
Helmet from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia for Other Uses, See Helmet (Disambiguation)
Helmet From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia For other uses, see Helmet (disambiguation). This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2012) A woman wearing a bicycling helmet A helmet is a form of protective gear worn to protect the head from injuries. Ceremonial or symbolic helmets (e.g., UK policeman's helmet) without protective function are sometimes used. The oldest known use of helmets was by Assyrian soldiers in 900BC, who wore thick leather or bronze helmets to protect the head from blunt object and swordblows and arrow strikes in combat. Soldiers still wear helmets, now often made from lightweight plastic materials. In civilian life, helmets are used for recreational activities and sports (e.g., jockeys in horse racing, American football, ice hockey, cricket,baseball, and rock climbing); dangerous work activities (e.g., construction, mining, riot police); and transportation (e.g., Motorcycle helmetsand bicycle helmets). Since the 1990s, most helmets are made from resin or plastic, which may be reinforced with fibers such as aramids. The word helmet is diminutive from helm, Medieval word for combat protective headgear. The Medieval great helm covers the whole head and often is accompanied with camail protecting throat and neck as well. Originally a helmet was a helm which covered the head only partly. Contents [hide] 1 Design o 1.1 Materials 2 Helmet types 3 Heraldry 4 Gallery 5 See also 6 References 7 External links Design[edit] A protective helmet worn during rock climbing All helmets attempt to protect the user's head by absorbing mechanical energy and protecting against penetration. -
The Evolution of Materials in Arms and Armors: Medieval Era
THE EVOLUTION OF MATERIALS IN ARMS AND ARMORS: MEDIEVAL ERA An Interactive Qualifying Project Report submitted to the Faculty of the WORCESTER POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science By Melissa K. Chung-Chuen-Yeung Cody Harrop Stanley Mui Brandon Pare Date: April 28, 2011 Submitted to: Professor Diana A. Lados Mr. Tom H. Thomsen Abstract During the medieval ages, the development of armor was ever-changing because of the constant need for better protection. This project is devoted to the evolution of armors during the medieval ages with respect to technology, warfare and different geographical locations. Our research was compiled and presented on a public website, hosted by WPI, for public access. We also made a simple piece of armor using medieval techniques. Page 2 of 122 Acknowledgements We would like to thank Fay Butler for his enormous contribution to our Interactive Qualifying Project. Without him, the realization of the shoulder guards would not have been possible. It was a great pleasure for our group to meet, learn and collaborate with him. Our group would also like to thank our IQP advisors, Professor Diana A. Lados and Mr. Tom H. Thomsen, for being wonderful advisors. They have provided us with great insights and recommendations throughout the duration of the whole project. We would also like to thank the staff of Higgins Armory Museum for the special visits of the museum and the time they have devoted to us. Page 3 of 122 Table of Contents Abstract .............................................................................................................................................2 -
The Evolution of Arms and Armors During the Crusades
THE EVOLUTION OF ARMS AND ARMORS DURING THE CRUSADES 1095 – 1291 C.E. An Interactive Qualifying Project Report Submitted to the Faculty of the WORCESTER POLYTEHNIC INSTITUTE in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science By Adam Howard Jeremy Kibby Daniel Robertson Alex Scanlon October 15, 2013 Submitted to: Professor Diana A. Lados Mr. Tom H. Thomsen Abstract The Crusades were a major turning point in history which evoked a rapid evolution of arms and armors that persisted throughout the middle ages. The focus of this project is to outline the historical, technological, and geographical context that lead to such an evolution. The information we collect will be presented on a continually growing website developed by previous groups. A great helm will also be crafted, in a way that captures the style and spirit of the ancient craft of blacksmithing. ii Acknowledgements The group would like to thank Professor Diana A. Lados and Mr. Tom H. Thomsen for their advice and guidance in the research of the evolution of arms and armor during such a historically important period in history. We would also like to express our gratitude to Joshua Swalec for dedicating his time in helping us develop our project along with the use of his shop, without which we would have been unable to complete our project. His knowledge and expertise were essential in our effort to create a replica Great Helm of the late crusades using period appropriate smithing techniques. The group would also like to thank Professor Boquan Li and Yuwei Zhai, both of whom instructed us on how to properly mount, polish, and etch samples of metal, along with how to properly operate both the Vickers micro hardness and Rockwell hardness machines. -
The Morion: an Introduction to Its Development, Form, & Function
ASAC_Vol105_03-Tavares_120008.qxd 9/29/12 4:32 PM Page 2 The Morion: An Introduction to its Development, Form, & Function By Jonathan Tavares The helmet type known as a morion has become an iconic symbol of the Renaissance soldier. It is defined in its classic combed form by a distinct symmetry and balance between a crescent-shaped comb rising from a rounded bowl and a swept brim drawn up to points at the front and back (Figure 1). For many it evokes the swashbuckling Spanish conquistador, an image reinforced by Hollywood films such as The Captain from Castile (1947), and echoed in objects like the stream-lined hood ornament on the 1951 De Soto (Figure 2). Although the morion has become an essential prop in period dramas, neither its design—an ingenious interplay between form and function—nor its cul- tural resonance are fully understood or appreciated. As a light and serviceable head piece, the morion was so successful that it can be considered the first international helmet form, adopted by sixteenth-century men-at-arms, merchants, and colonists from Sweden to Italy and from Portugal to Eastern Austria. Excavated remains of late six- teenth-early seventeenth century morions have been found Figure 1. Comb-morion, Milanese or Brescian, ca. 1560-1570, within our own country at the English settlements around The Metropolitan Museum of Art (37.186.6). Figure 2. Left: Lee J Cobb, Cesar Romero and Tyrone Power, Captain From Castile, 1947, Director Henry King; Right: Hood Oornament of a 1951 de Soto, Chrysler Corporation, designed by George A Lasko. -
Helmets and Primary Blast
Blast wave protection in combat helmet design - a historical comparison J. Op ‘t Eynde1, A. W. Yu1, C. P. Eckersley1, and C. R. Bass1 1Injury Biomechanics Laboratory, Duke University ABSTRACT Since World War I, helmets have been used to protect the head in warfare. They have been designed primarily for protection against artillery shrapnel. More recently, helmet requirements have included ballistic and blunt trauma protection, but neurotrauma from primary blast has not been a key concern in helmet design. This study compares the blast protective effect of historical (WWI) and current combat helmets, against each other and the ‘no helmet’ case, for realistic shock wave impingement on the helmet crown. Helmets included WWI helmets from the UK/US(Brodie), France (Adrian), Germany (Stahlhelm), and a current US combat helmet (ACH). Helmets were mounted on a Hybrid III® (Humanetics) dummy head and neck and faced towards the ground with a cylindrical blast tube (30.5 cm diameter) aligned along the crown of the head to simulate an overhead blast. Primary blast waves of different magnitudes were generated. Peak reflected overpressure at the open end of the blast tube was compared to peak reflected overpressure at the crown of the head. A general linear model was used to assess the effect of helmet type and tube pressure on the resultant crown pressure response. The interaction between helmet type and tube pressure was found to have a significant effect on the outcome. ‘No helmet’ and the Adrian helmet were each found to be statistically significantly different from all other helmets. The peak crown pressure was lowest in the Adrian helmet and highest in the ‘no helmet’ case.