Medieval Armour
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Stab Resistant Body Armour
IAN HORSFALL STAB RESISTANT BODY ARMOUR COLLEGE OF DEFENCE TECHNOLOGY SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF PhD CRANFIELD UNIVERSITY ENGINEERING SYSTEMS DEPARTMENT SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF PhD 1999-2000 IAN HORSFALL STAB RESISTANT BODY ARMOUR SUPERVISOR DR M. R. EDWARDS MARCH 2000 ©Cranfield University, 2000. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced without the written permission of the copyright holder. ABSTRACT There is now a widely accepted need for stab resistant body armour for the police in the UK. However, very little research has been done on knife resistant systems and the penetration mechanics of sharp projectiles are poorly understood. This thesis explores the general background to knife attack and defence with a particular emphasis on the penetration mechanics of edged weapons. The energy and velocity that can be achieved in stabbing actions has been determined for a number of sample populations. The energy dissipated against the target was shown to be primarily the combined kinetic energy of the knife and the arm of the attacker. The compliance between the hand and the knife was shown to significantly affect the pattern of energy delivery. Flexibility and the resulting compliance of the armour was shown to have a significant effect upon the absorption of this kinetic energy. The ability of a knife to penetrate a variety of targets was studied using an instrumented drop tower. It was found that the penetration process consisted of three stages, indentation, perforation and further penetration as the knife slides through the target. Analysis of the indentation process shows that for slimmer indenters, as represented by knives, frictional forces dominate, and indentation depth becomes dependent upon the coefficient of friction between indenter and sample. -
Ballistic Materials Handbook
Ballistic materials handbook Aramids by Teijin 2 Aramids by Teijin Handbook ballistic materials 3 Teijin Aramid and ballistic protection The intensity of threatening environments for law enforcement, emergency responders and defense forces around the world is becoming higher and the people operating in these hostile environments need to take greater care than ever. This growing threat of violence has led to an increasing demand for ballistic protection. At Teijin Aramid we are dedicated to providing this protection with our high performance para-aramid fiber Twaron® and UHMWPE Endumax® film. With excellent energy absorption Index properties, tenacity and impact resistance, Twaron® and Endumax® offer effective and comfortable ballistic protection Teijin Aramid and ballistic protection 2 solutions with an outstanding cost-performance ratio. In the Twaron® ballistic yarns 4 more than 30 years that Twaron® has been available on the Twaron® ballistic fabrics 7 market, it has helped to save thousands of lives worldwide. Ballistic laminates & coated fabrics 12 Key applications for Twaron® and Endumax® include bullet/ Uni-directional laminates 17 fragment/stab/spike resistant vests, helmets and ballistic Ballistic prepregs 19 protection of vehicles, aircrafts and vessels. Cross sections 21 Endumax® Shield 22 2 Aramids by Teijin Handbook ballistic materials 3 Soft ballistic protection The threats to modern armies and law enforcement forces have multiplied, creating the need for protection from all kinds of bullets and fragments as well as stabbing with sharp objects. And these days it’s not only soldiers and policemen who are facing increased threats; prison guards, cash carriers and private individuals also need to be protected. -
FL.Datasheet Kevlar® Distribution Program.Indd
MOVING HIGH PERFORMANCE FIBERS FORWARD KEVLAR® DISTRIBUTION PROGRAM FIBERS PROCESSES PRODUCTS WHY FIBER-LINE® DUPONTFIBER TM OPTICAL DISTRIBUTION CABLES PROGRAM? Key Features FIBER-LINE® values its relationships with both its customers and • Purchase small quantities of Kevlar® suppliers. Over the past several years, FIBER-LINE® and DuPontTM have Para-Aramid formed a strong partnership based upon the synergies between both • Many deniers & types available organizations. • Customize your Kevlar® solution with FIBER-LINE® performance adding processes FIBER-LINE®’s ability to add value to the already attractive properties of both Kevlar® Para-Aramid & Nomex® Meta-Aramid creates more opportunity in the market place to provide solution driven products to a diverse range of markets. Because FIBER-LINE® already processes so many different types and deniers of both Kevlar® & Nomex®, FIBER-LINE® have been authorized by DuPontTM to distribute small quantities of these fibers to an ever- growing customer base. Through this program, we hope to introduce businesses of all sizes to the benefit of aramid fibers. Contact us today for small order quantity orders. Available Deniers 200, 380, 400, 750AP, 800AP, 1000, 1000AP, 1420, 1500, 1500AP, 1500BK(Black), 2160, 2250, 2840, 3000, 7100. MOVING HIGH PERFORMANCE FIBERS FORWARD KEVLAR® PARA-ARAMID (HM) BARE FIBER PERFORMANCE Chemical Chemical Chemical Abrasion Yarn on Yarn Ultraviolet (UV) Flame Resistance Resistance Resistance Resistance Abrasion Resistance Resistance (Acid) (Alkali) (Organic Solvent) P O X P P P P CHEMICAL COMPATIBILITY Chemical Resistance to Acid: Degrades in Formic, Hydrochloric, and Sodium Hydroxide acid. Chemical Resistance to Alkali: Strong alkalis will attack at high temperature or concentration. Chemical Resistance to Organic Solvent: Degrades moderately in Carbon Tetrachloride and Ethylene Glycol/Water. -
Endumax® – an Ultra-Strong Thin Film with a High Modulus Contents
Endumax® – an ultra-strong thin film with a high modulus Contents What is Endumax? 3 How is Endumax produced? 4 What types of Endumax are available? 6 What can Endumax be used for? 8 Endumax – a unique combination of properties 10 About Teijin Teijin is a technology-driven global group, based in Japan, offering advanced solutions in the areas of sustainable transportation, information and electronics, safety and protection, environment and energy, and healthcare. Its main fields of operation are high-performance fibers (e.g., aramid, carbon fibers and composites), healthcare, films, resin & plastic processing, polyester fibers, product conversion and IT. The group has some 150 companies and around 17,000 employees spread over 20 countries worldwide. Endumax is part of Teijin’s high- performance fibers business, which also produces the aramid fibers Twaron, Technora and Teijinconex. Teijin’s high-performance fibers business is based in Arnhem, The Netherlands. 2 What is Endumax? Endumax film is a new, patented high-performance film developed and made by Teijin. It can be used in a wide variety of products for various market segments – anywhere, in fact, where there is a need for superior strength, safety, light weight or durability. For example, Endumax is used worldwide in applications and markets ranging from ballistic protection (armoring and bulletproof vests), ropes and cables to cargo containers, laminated sails and even loudspeakers. The film shape of Endumax allows for easy processing and seamless integration into the application of the customer. Super-strong and more Weight-for-weight, Endumax is 11 times stronger than steel. But Endumax offers more than incredible strength. -
Combat Helmets and Blast Traumatic Brain Injury
Review Articles Combat Helmets and Blast Traumatic Brain Injury Duncan Wallace, FRANZCP and Stephen Rayner, DPsych (Clinical) Abstract: Background: The conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan and the prominence of traumatic brain injury (TBI), mostly from improvised explosive devices, have focused attention on the effectiveness of combat helmets. Purpose: This paper examines the importance of TBI, the role and history of the development of combat helmets, current helmet designs and effectiveness, helmet design methodology, helmet sensors, future research and recommendations. Method: A literature review was conducted using search terms – combat helmets, traumatic brain injury, concussion, Iraq, Afghanistan and helmet sensors, searching PubMed, MEDLINE, ProQuest and Google Scholar. Conclusions: At present, no existing helmet is able to fully protect against all threats faced on the battlefield. The prominence of traumatic brain injury from improvised explosive devices in the current conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan has highlighted the limitations in knowledge about blast and how to provide protection from it. As a result, considerable research is currently occurring in how to protect the head from blast over-pressure. Helmet sensors may provide valuable data. Some new combat helmets may be able to protect against rifle rounds, but may result in injuries occurring behind body armour. Optimal combat helmet design requires a balance between the need for protection from trauma and the comfort and practicality of the helmet for the user to ensure the best outcomes. Keywords: combat helmets, traumatic brain injury, concussion, Iraq, Afghanistan. No conflicts of interest were identified by the authors. Introduction Role and history of combat helmets Recent adverse media attention about combat The primary role of the combat helmet is to protect helmets used in Afghanistan by United States the soldier’s head against injury. -
ICCD Thesaurus Per La Definizione Dei Reperti Archeologici Agg2020-21
MINISTERO DELLA CULTURA ISTITUTO CENTRALE PER IL CATALOGO E LA DOCUMENTAZIONE Strumenti terminologici Thesaurus per la definizione dei reperti archeologici mobili (applicazione nella scheda RA - Reperti archeologici, versione 3.00) aggiornamento 2020 - 21 Coordinamento: Maria Letizia Mancinelli (ICCD - Servizio per la qualità degli standard catalografici) Collaborazione tecnico-scientifica (ricerche e stesura del vocabolario, aggiornamenti, 2009 - 2014): Maria Teresa Natale Collaborazione tecnico-scientifica (aggiornamento 2020-21): Eugenia Imperatori Premessa L’esposizione dei contenuti del thesaurus è organizzata sulla base della seguente tabella: LIVELLI GERARCHICI PREVISTI NEL THESAURUS SONO UTILIZZATI PER VALORIZZARE CAMPI DIVERSI DEL TRACCIATO DELLA SCHEDA RA 3.00, paragrafo OG-OGGETTO (vedere di seguito le istruzioni specifiche) LIVELLI DA UTILIZZARE PER LA COMPILAZIONE DEL CAMPO LIVELLI DA UTILIZZARE PER LA COMPILAZIONE DEL SOTTOCAMPO CLS Categoria - Classe e produzione OGTD - Definizione ATTRIBUTI DEL TERMINE INSERITO IN UNO DEI LIVELLI 1-5 Per la compilazione del campo CLS vanno selezionate le definizioni gerarchicamente relazionate al termine e alle sue eventuali specifiche scelti dai successivi livelli 4 e 5 del thesaurus (si rinvia in proposito alle istruzioni per l’utilizzo del vocabolario aperto per il campo CLS della scheda RA, pubblicate sul sito ICCD) LIVELLO 1 LIVELLO 2 LIVELLO 3 LIVELLO 4 LIVELLO 5 CATEGORIA CATEGORIA CATEGORIA TERMINE IMMAGINE TERMINE TERMINE PIU’ SPECIFICO NOTA D’AMBITO I LIVELLO II LIVELLO III LIVELLO -
Warfare and Society in the Barbarian West, 450–900
WARFARE AND SOCIETY IN THE BARBARIAN WEST, 450–900 Warfare was an integral part of early medieval life. It had a character of its own and was neither a pale shadow of Roman military practice nor an insignificant precursor to the warfare of the central Middle Ages. This book recovers its distinctiveness, looking at warfare in a rounded context in the British Isles and western Europe between the end of the Roman Empire and the break-up of the Carolingian Empire. The era was one of great changes in the practice of war. Guy Halsall relates warfare to many aspects of medieval life, economy, society and politics. He examines the raising and organisation of early medieval armies and looks at the conduct of campaigns. The survey includes the equipment of warriors and the horrific experience of battle as well as an analysis of medieval fortifications and siege warfare. Warfare and Society in the Barbarian West uses historical and archaeological evidence in a rigorous and sophisticated fashion. It stresses regional variations but also places Anglo-Saxon England in the mainstream of the military developments in this era. Guy Halsall is lecturer in medieval history at the University of York. He has published widely on the social history and archaeology of Merovingian Gaul and on violence in early medieval society, including Settlement and Social Organisation. The Merovingian Region of Metz (Cambridge, 1995). WARFARE AND HISTORY General Editor, Jeremy Black Professor of History, University of Exeter AIR POWER IN THE AGE OF TOTAL WAR John Buckley THE ARMIES OF THE CALIPHS: MILITARY AND SOCIETY IN THE EARLY ISLAMIC STATE Hugh Kennedy THE BALKAN WARS, 1912–1913: PRELUDE TO THE FIRST WORLD WAR Richard C. -
Denv S090015 Military Vehicle Protection.Qxd
Defence TNO | Knowledge for business Military vehicle protection Finding the best armour solutions circuit armour. All these current and future armours require constant and rigorous testing under fully controlled conditions. The Laboratory for Ballistic Research is a state of the art research facility of TNO and able to provide these conditions. New threats In today's scenarios, the threat to a military vehicle may come from any direction, including above and below. The crew of a military vehicle not only has to deal with more or less 'standard' fire from the enemy in front, but - more often than not - also with asymmetric threats like rocket-propelled grenades, explosively formed projectiles, mines and improvised explosive devices. The RPG7, for instance, is able to cut through 250 mm of armour steel. Falling prey to any of these threats, also known as a 'cheap kill', Developments in vehicle armour never stop. It's not just the nature of the is something that has to be avoided at all threat that is continually changing, but we also have to deal with new times. TNO uses its highly advanced resources and decades of expertise in armour trends in warfare, like lightweight armoured vehicles. For survival, today's research to help governments and and tomorrow's military vehicles will not only have to rely on armour, but manufacturers achieve their aim: the optimal e.g. also on mobility and manoeuvrability. TNO supports its clients - protection of military vehicles against the governments and manufacturers - in finding the best armour solutions for widest possible range of ballistic threats. -
Oriental Adventures James Wyatt
620_T12015 OrientalAdvCh1b.qxd 8/9/01 10:44 AM Page 2 ® ORIENTAL ADVENTURES JAMES WYATT EDITORS: GWENDOLYN F. M. KESTREL PLAYTESTERS: BILL E. ANDERSON, FRANK ARMENANTE, RICHARD BAKER, EIRIK BULL-HANSEN, ERIC CAGLE, BRAIN MICHELE CARTER CAMPBELL, JASON CARL, MICHELE CARTER, MAC CHAMBERS, TOM KRISTENSEN JENNIFER CLARKE WILKES, MONTE COOK , DANIEL COOPER, BRUCE R. CORDELL, LILY A. DOUGLAS, CHRISTIAN DUUS, TROY ADDITIONAL EDITING: DUANE MAXWELL D. ELLIS, ROBERT N. EMERSON, ANDREW FINCH , LEWIS A. FLEAK, HELGE FURUSETH, ROB HEINSOO, CORY J. HERNDON, MANAGING EDITOR: KIM MOHAN WILLIAM H. HEZELTINE, ROBERT HOBART, STEVE HORVATH, OLAV B. HOVET, TYLER T. HURST, RHONDA L. HUTCHESON, CREATIVE DIRECTOR: RICHARD BAKER JEFFREY IBACH, BRIAN JENKINS, GWENDOLYN F.M. KESTREL, TOM KRISTENSEN, CATIE A. MARTOLIN, DUANE MAXWELL, ART DIRECTOR: DAWN MURIN ANGEL LEIGH MCCOY, DANEEN MCDERMOTT, BRANDON H. MCKEE, ROBERT MOORE, DAVID NOONAN, SHERRY L. O’NEAL- GRAPHIC DESIGNER: CYNTHIA FLIEGE HANCOCK, TAMMY R. OVERSTREET, JOHN D. RATELIFF, RICH REDMAN, THOMAS REFSDAL, THOMAS M. REID, SEAN K COVER ARTIST: RAVEN MIMURA REYNOLDS, TIM RHOADES, MIKE SELINKER, JAMES B. SHARKEY, JR., STAN!, ED STARK, CHRISTIAN STENERUD, OWEN K.C. INTERIOR ARTISTS: MATT CAVOTTA STEPHENS, SCOTT B. THOMAS, CHERYL A. VANMATER-MINER, LARRY DIXON PHILIPS R. VANMATER-MINER, ALLEN WILKINS, PENNY WILLIAMS, SKIP WILLIAMS CRIS DORNAUS PRONUNCIATION HELP: DAVID MARTIN RON FOSTER, MOE MURAYAMA, CHRIS PASCUAL, STAN! RAVEN MIMURA ADDITIONAL THANKS: WAYNE REYNOLDS ED BOLME, ANDY HECKT, LUKE PETERSCHMIDT, REE SOESBEE, PAUL TIMM DARRELL RICHE RICHARD SARDINHA Dedication: To the people who have taught me about the cultures of Asia—Knight Biggerstaff, Paula Richman, and my father, RIAN NODDY B S David K. -
Constructing a Heavy-List Gambeson Tips and Techniques
Constructing a Heavy-List Gambeson Tips and Techniques Lady Magdalena von Regensburg mka Marla Berry [email protected] July 16, 2005 An Historic Overview “Mail is tough but flexible; it resists a cutting sword-stroke but needs a padded or quilted undergarment as a shock absorber against a heavy blow.”1 Quilted garments were part of soldiers’ kits in varying forms and with varying names throughout most of the SCA timeline. As early as the late Roman/early Byzantine period there is documentation for quilted or padded coats called Zabai or Kabadia.2 Illuminations from Maciejowski Bible (circa 1250) show aketons or gambesons. “These terms seem to have been interchangeable but the weight of evidence From “Jonathan and his Armor- suggests that ‘aketon’ refers to garments worn under the mail while bearer Attack the Philistines,” gambesons were worn over or instead of it...The gambeson is often from the Maciejowski Bible, referred to in contemporary accounts as being worn by the common circa 1250. soldiery and, indeed, is part of the equipment required by the Assize of Arms of 1185 of Edward I of England.”3 Extant examples from the fourteenth century include the pourpoint of Charles de Blois (d. 1364) and the late fourteenth century jupon of Charles VI. Fifteenth century documents mention arming doublets and padded jacks. These garments were worn under maille, over maille, under plate, over plate, or on their own. Some were designed to encase maille or plate. “Infantry, as laid down in the Assize of Arms of 1182, often wore one of two types of gambeson. -
The Terminology of Armor in Old French
1 A 1 e n-MlS|^^^PP?; The Terminology Of Amor In Old French. THE TERMINOLOGY OF ARMOR IN OLD FRENCH BY OTHO WILLIAM ALLEN A. B. University of Illinois, 1915 THESIS Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS IN ROMANCE LANGUAGES IN THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS 1916 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS THE GRADUATE SCHOOL CO oo ]J1^J % I 9 I ^ I HEREBY RECOMMEND THAT THE THESIS PREPARED UNDER MY SUPER- VISION BY WtMc^j I^M^. „ ENTITLED ^h... *If?&3!£^^^ ^1 ^^Sh^o-^/ o>h, "^Y^t^C^/ BE ACCEPTED AS FULFILLING THIS PART OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF. hu^Ur /] CUjfo In Charge of Thesis 1 Head of Department Recommendation concurred in :* Committee on Final Examination* Required for doctor's degree but not for master's. .343139 LHUC CONTENTS Bibliography i Introduction 1 Glossary 8 Corrigenda — 79 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2014 http://archive.org/details/terminologyofarmOOalle i BIBLIOGRAPHY I. Descriptive Works on Armor: Boeheim, Wendelin. Handbuch der Waffenkunde. Leipzig, 1890, Quicherat, J, Histoire du costume en France, Paris, 1875* Schultz, Alwin. Das hofische Leben zur Zeit der Minnesinger. Two volumes. Leipzig, 1889. Demmin, August. Die Kriegswaffen in ihren geschicht lichen Ent wicklungen von den altesten Zeiten bis auf die Gegenwart. Vierte Auflage. Leipzig, 1893. Ffoulkes, Charles. Armour and Weapons. Oxford, 1909. Gautier, Leon. La Chevalerie. Viollet-le-Duc • Dictionnaire raisonne' du mobilier frangais. Six volumes. Paris, 1874. Volumes V and VI. Ashdown, Charles Henry. Arms and Armour. New York. Ffoulkes, Charles. The Armourer and his Craft. -
Ballistic Helmets – Their Design, Materials, and Performance Against Traumatic Brain Injury
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln US Army Research U.S. Department of Defense 2013 Ballistic helmets – Their design, materials, and performance against traumatic brain injury S.G. Kulkarni Texas A&M University, [email protected] X.-L. Gao University of Texas at Dallas, [email protected] S.E. Horner U.S. Army, Fort Belvoir J.Q. Zheng U.S. Army, Fort Belvoir N.V. David Universiti Teknologi MARA Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usarmyresearch Kulkarni, S.G.; Gao, X.-L.; Horner, S.E.; Zheng, J.Q.; and David, N.V., "Ballistic helmets – Their design, materials, and performance against traumatic brain injury" (2013). US Army Research. 201. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usarmyresearch/201 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the U.S. Department of Defense at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in US Army Research by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Composite Structures 101 (2013) 313–331 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Composite Structures journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/compstruct Review Ballistic helmets – Their design, materials, and performance against traumatic brain injury ⇑ S.G. Kulkarni a, X.-L. Gao b, , S.E. Horner c, J.Q. Zheng c, N.V. David d a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States b Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080-3021, United States c Program Executive Office – SOLDIER, U.S.