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12 Days Explore Turkey - Armenia - Georgia Tour
Full Itinerary & Trip Details 12 DAYS EXPLORE TURKEY - ARMENIA - GEORGIA TOUR Istanbul Tour - Bosphorus and Two Continents - Yerevan, Garni - Geghard, Khor Virap - Noravank - Areni - Selim - Sevan - Dilijan - Haghatsin - Alaverdi - Haghpat - Sanahin - Sadakhlo border - Tbilisi - Mtskheta - Gudauri - Kutaissi - Kutaisi and Gori PRICE STARTING FROM DURATION TOUR ID € 0 € 0 12 days 932 ITINERARY Day 1 : Istanbul - Arrival Day Meet at the Istanbul international Ataturk airport and transfer to your hotel. You will be given your room key and the rest of the day is yours to explore Istanbul. Overnight in Istanbul. Day 2 : Istanbul Tour Breakfast Included Guided Istanbul walking old city tour visiting Topkapi Palace (closed on tuesdays) Hippodrome, Blue Mosque, Aya Sophia Museum (closed on mondays), Underground Cistern, Covered Grand Bazaar (closed on sundays). Overnight in Istanbul. Day 3 : Bosphorus and Two Continents Breakfast Included Pick up at 08:30 from the hotel for the tour of Bosphorus and the Asian part of Istanbul. During the tour we will enjoy a Bosphorus Cruise, having lunch and visiting the Dolmabahce Palace, Bosphorus Bridge, Asian side.Overnight in Istanbul Day 4 : Istanbul - Yerevan - Armenia Breakfast, Lunch and Dinner Included After breakfast check out from the hotel and depart for Istanbul Ataturk International airport. Arrive to Yerevan and you will be transferred from airport to your hotel by one of official guide of Murti’s tour. Check into the hotel where your accommodation has been reserved for the night. You will be given your room key and the rest of the day is yours to enjoy party and explore to Yerevan. Day 5 : Garni - Geghard Breakfast, Lunch and Dinner Included After breakfast you will depart for a guided city tour Garni and Geghard. -
Georgia 2014 – 2020
National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan of Georgia 2014 – 2020 Tbilisi, 2014 Foreword The process of the preparation of the National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP) involved a number of nongovernmental and governmental organisations, research and academic institutions, international organizations and foreign and Georgian experts. The Georgian Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources Protection is grateful to the German International Cooperation (GIZ) for its support in the preparation of this document and to all who participated in the process. The process of the development of the National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP) was initiated and coordinated by the Biodiversity Protection Service of the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources Protection. The following persons participated in the development process and the determination of main aspects, thematic areas and document structure: Ioseb kartsivadze, Ana Rukhadze, Tamar Kvantaliani, Christine Straub, Natia Iordanashvili, Khatuna Tsiklauri, Frank Flasche, Natia Kobakhidze, Paata Shanshiashvili, Darejan Kapanadze, Khatuna Gogaladze, Nugzar Zazanashvili, Malkhaz Dzneladze, Davit Tarkhnishvili, Irakli Shavgulidze, Ramaz Goklhelashvili, Ekaterine Kakabadze, Irakli Macharashvili, Mariam Jorjadze, Tornike Pulariani, Levan Butkhuzi. The following persons worked on the compilation and editing of the entire text: Christian Prip, Mike Garforth, Christian Goenner, Hans Bilger, Irakli Shavgulidze, Ioseb Kartsivadze, Nona Khelaia, Mariam Urdia, Teona -
PRO GEORGIA JOURNAL of KARTVELOLOGICAL STUDIES N O 27 — 2017 2
1 PRO GEORGIA JOURNAL OF KARTVELOLOGICAL STUDIES N o 27 — 2017 2 E DITOR- IN-CHIEF David KOLBAIA S ECRETARY Sophia J V A N I A EDITORIAL C OMMITTEE Jan M A L I C K I, Wojciech M A T E R S K I, Henryk P A P R O C K I I NTERNATIONAL A DVISORY B OARD Zaza A L E K S I D Z E, Professor, National Center of Manuscripts, Tbilisi Alejandro B A R R A L – I G L E S I A S, Professor Emeritus, Cathedral Museum Santiago de Compostela Jan B R A U N (†), Professor Emeritus, University of Warsaw Andrzej F U R I E R, Professor, Universitet of Szczecin Metropolitan A N D R E W (G V A Z A V A) of Gori and Ateni Eparchy Gocha J A P A R I D Z E, Professor, Tbilisi State University Stanis³aw L I S Z E W S K I, Professor, University of Lodz Mariam L O R T K I P A N I D Z E, Professor Emerita, Tbilisi State University Guram L O R T K I P A N I D Z E, Professor Emeritus, Tbilisi State University Marek M ¥ D Z I K (†), Professor, Maria Curie-Sk³odowska University, Lublin Tamila M G A L O B L I S H V I L I, Professor, National Centre of Manuscripts, Tbilisi Lech M R Ó Z, Professor, University of Warsaw Bernard OUTTIER, Professor, University of Geneve Andrzej P I S O W I C Z, Professor, Jagiellonian University, Cracow Annegret P L O N T K E - L U E N I N G, Professor, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena Tadeusz Ś W I Ę T O C H O W S K I (†), Professor, Columbia University, New York Sophia V A S H A L O M I D Z E, Professor, Martin-Luther-Univerity, Halle-Wittenberg Andrzej W O Ź N I A K, Professor, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 3 PRO GEORGIA JOURNAL OF KARTVELOLOGICAL STUDIES No 27 — 2017 (Published since 1991) CENTRE FOR EAST EUROPEAN STUDIES FACULTY OF ORIENTAL STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF WARSAW WARSAW 2017 4 Cover: St. -
Pro Georgia Vol. 27.Indd
Achtung! Dies ist eine Internet-Sonderausgabe des Aufsatzes „Kartvelology in the Digital Age: On the Trail of Mzečabuḳ̣ “ von Jost Gippert (2016). Sie sollte nicht zitiert werden. Zitate sind der Originalausgabe in Pro Georgia. Journal of Kartvelological Studies 27, 2017, 163–190 zu entnehmen. Attention! This is a special internet edition of the article “Kartvelology in the Digital Age: On the Trail of Mzečạ buḳ” by Jost Gippert (2016). It should not be quoted as such. For quotations, please refer to the original edition in Pro Georgia. Journal of Kartvelological Studies 27, 2017, 163–190. Alle Rechte vorbehalten / All rights reserved: Jost Gippert, Frankfurt 2018 Pro Georgia, 2017, t. 27, s. 163-190 103 KARTVELOLOGY IN THE DIGITAL AGE: ON THE TRACK OF MZEČẠ BUK. by Jost Gippert Frankfurt / Main 0. In a recent article, I have provided the fi rst edition of three sec- ondary notes that were added, in a very clumsy nuskhuri hand and in an extremely faulty orthography, to the manuscript Sin.georg. 16 of St. Cath- erine’s Monastery on Mt. Sinai, a Gospel codex that was composed in the Monastery of the Holy Cross near Jerusalem in 992 A.D.1 The notes have turned out to be personal rogations,2 probably written by a certain Ḳirile who was the page of a person named Mzečabụ ḳ; the latter obviously bore the rank of an atabag-amirsṗasalari, which used to be the title of the rul- ers of Samcxe-Saatabago. In a fi rst attempt at verifi cation, I proposed to identify this person with Mzečabụ ḳ, son of Quarq̣ ̇ uare II (the Great) who was the ruler of Samcxe in the second half of the fi fteenth century. -
«ASSA» Combo Tour to Azerbaijan & Georgia
«ASSA» combo tour to Azerbaijan & Georgia Countries: Azerbaijan-Georgia Tour duration: 6 days, 5 nights Category: Cultural Period: all year round except blackout dates* Tour price: from 552$ (per person in DBL/TWN) If someone wants to discover a city or a country, its life or architectural monuments, it’s never enough looking at the pictures on the Internet or reading the information in books. Nothing can convey the flavor of particular city as a real acquaintance with its inhabitants, being next to the monuments of antiquity and a visit to local restaurants. Over the centuries, the culture, architecture and cuisine of Transcaucasia have absorbed all the best qualities of the peoples living in these countries. Within this tour we invite you to visit two unique countries - Azerbaijan and Georgia. Tour program: Day 1. Arrival in Baku, check-in at the hotel Check-in at the hotel (from 14:00) Free day Overnight at the hotel Day 2. Baku sightseeing tour, visiting the “Old City” and the Heydar Aliyev Center 09:00 Breakfast at the hotel 10:00 The tour starts with a visit to the Highland Park. Highland Park is located on a hill in the western part of the city. This is the best place to see the city and Baku bay. Next, the guests will visit the Old City - with its fortified walls, historic buildings and narrow cobbled streets. Guests will appreciate the main attractions of the Old Town, including the Palace of the Shirvanshahs and the famous Maiden Tower. Just imagine that the stones under your feet keep the history of this ancient city - its honor and glory, misfortunes and sorrows. -
Medicinal Ethnobotany of Wild Plants
Kazancı et al. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine (2020) 16:71 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-020-00415-y RESEARCH Open Access Medicinal ethnobotany of wild plants: a cross-cultural comparison around Georgia- Turkey border, the Western Lesser Caucasus Ceren Kazancı1* , Soner Oruç2 and Marine Mosulishvili1 Abstract Background: The Mountains of the Western Lesser Caucasus with its rich plant diversity, multicultural and multilingual nature host diverse ethnobotanical knowledge related to medicinal plants. However, cross-cultural medicinal ethnobotany and patterns of plant knowledge have not yet been investigated in the region. Doing so could highlight the salient medicinal plant species and show the variations between communities. This study aimed to determine and discuss the similarities and differences of medicinal ethnobotany among people living in highland pastures on both sides of the Georgia-Turkey border. Methods: During the 2017 and 2018 summer transhumance period, 119 participants (74 in Turkey, 45 in Georgia) were interviewed with semi-structured questions. The data was structured in use-reports (URs) following the ICPC classification. Cultural Importance (CI) Index, informant consensus factor (FIC), shared/separate species-use combinations, as well as literature data were used for comparing medicinal ethnobotany of the communities. Results: One thousand five hundred six UR for 152 native wild plant species were documented. More than half of the species are in common on both sides of the border. Out of 817 species-use combinations, only 9% of the use incidences are shared between communities across the border. Around 66% of these reports had not been previously mentioned specifically in the compared literature. -
Church – Consolidating the Georgian Regions
Church – Consolidating the Georgian Regions Metropolitan Ananya Japaridze Saint Ilia the Righteous said from the very establishment of the holy Church of Georgia, that it presented a strong power consolidating the whole population of the state. It was not locked within the narrow ethnic borders but was the belonging of different ethnos residing in the state. According to Holy Writ, it never differentiated Hellenist from Jew, Georgian from non-Georgian, as its flocks were children of Georgia with mutual responsibility to the country and citizenship. Even Saint Nino, founder of the Georgian Church, came from Kapadokia. Saint of Georgian Church, martyr Razhden, and Saint Evstati Mtskheteli were Persian. Famous 12 fathers struggling against fire-worship and Monophysitism were Assyrian (Syrian). Neopyth Urbani Episcope was Arabian. The famous Saint Abo Tbileli came from Arabia too. The Saint Queen Shushanik was Armenian etc. The above list shows that Georgian church unified all citizens of the country in spite of their ethnic origin. At the same time, the Georgian church always used to create a united cultural space. The Georgian Church was consolidating regions and different ethnic groups of Georgia. The Georgian language was the key factor of Georgian Christian culture. Initially, Georgian language and based on it Georgian Christian culture embraced whole Georgia, all its regions. Divine services, all church acts, in mountains and lowlands from the Black Sea to Armenia and Albania were implemented only in Georgian language. Georgian language and Georgian culture dominated all over the Georgian territory. And just this differentiates old Georgia from the present one. It’s evident that the main flocks of Georgian Church were Georgians of West, South and East Georgia. -
Mtskheta-Tbilisi
PARTNERS PROGRAMME 6th JUNE Tbilisi – Mtskheta-Tbilisi 11:00 Departure from hotel. Guided tour to the Jvari Monastery and Mtskheta 11:30 Arrival to the Jvari Monastery The masterpiece of Early Christian Orthodox architecture Jvari Monastery is dated 585-604 cc AD. Located on the hill top near the town Mtskheta, it is listed in UNESCO World Heritage Site list since 1994. The name is translated as the Monastery of the Cross. According to traditional accounts, in the early 4th century Saint Nino (who brought christianity to Georgia) stayed here to pray and erected a wooden cross on Mtskheta’s highest hill. The church was built on the crest of a cliff at a confluence of the rivers Mtkvari and Aragvi. It is a representative of the tetra conch architectural type that was popular not only in Georgia but also in Byzantine world. Jvari served as a model for many other churches in the country. Unusual and varied relief sculptures decorate its façades. The importance of Jvari complex has increased over time and attracted many pilgrims. According to the legend pilgrims visiting the site shed tears while praying and the nearby natural lake was named the Lake of tears. The harmonious relationship between the landscape, architectural forms and divisions, the well-thought-out disposition of decorative elements and splendid relieves carved on big slabs of a stone give the south and east walls special expressiveness. Among the reliefs of the east wall are found the portraits of the kings who built the church. Included in UNESCO world heritage sights, the monument is still used for major celebrations. -
A: K.Kekelidze Georgian National Center of Manuscripts, Ilia Abuladze Hall (III Flour) M.Alexidze Str
WORKING HALLS: A: K.Kekelidze Georgian National Center of Manuscripts, Ilia Abuladze Hall (III flour) M.Alexidze str. 1/3 B: K.Kekelidze Georgian National Center of Manuscripts, Elene Metreveli Conference Hall (III flour) M.Alexidze str. 1/3 C: K.Kekelidze Georgian National Center of Manuscripts, Reading Hall (I flour) M.Alexidze str. 1/3 1 Official Languages of Conference: Georgian, English Time-limit: 15-20 minutes 18 June, Tuesday 10:00 – 11:00 REGISTRATION K.Kekelidze Georgian National Center of Manuscripts M.Alexidze str. N 1/3 11:00 – 12:00 OFFICIAL OPENING K.Kekelidze Georgian National Center of Manuscripts, Ilia Abuladze Hall Exhibition of Manuscripts Lunch 13:30 -15:45 Literature A Hall Chair: Amund Bjorsnes Ivan Nikolsky Colchis in the Mythological Context of Poems by Dracontius Sergio Basso The Barlaam and Joasaph – a New Paradigm Theory for its Formation Amund Bjorsnes Barlaam and Josaphat: Buddhist Narratives in Islam and Christianity Nesatan Sulava The Pronoetical (Providence) Concept in the Doctrine of Areopagitics Maia Barnaveli The Epithets Mentioned in the New Testament about John the Baptist according to a Homily Dedicated to the Beheading of John the Baptist ( by Greek original and it’s old Georgian translation) Nino Sakvarelidze Easter Homilies Attributed to Meletius of Antioch Discussion 2 13:30:15:45 Literature B Hall Chair: Cornelia Horn Eka Dughashvili Euthymius the Athonite in Greek Eortologion Ketevan Tatishvili Saint Women of Georgian Church in One Liturgical Collection Cornelia Horn Encountering the Other through Dialogue in the Caucasus: Georgian Contributions to Christian-Muslim Literary Interactions in the Middle Ages Bert ten Kate Byzantium and Georgia: the Case of the Old-Georgian Gospel of John Kristina Malyk The Issues of Islam and Aniconism in the Works of John of Damascus Ekvtime Kochlamazashvili Quoting from the Holy Bible in one of the Translations by St. -
Rehav Rubin Iconography As Cartography
Rehav Rubin Iconography as Cartography: Two Cartographic Icons of the Holy City and its Environs Abstract The sacredness of Jerusalem to three religions, and its veneration by members of all the different sects and divisions of the Christian world, gave it a special, unique status as a Holy City. This status has drawn the attention of an untold number of Christian authors, who published an enormous number of compositions about it. In many of these both earthly and heavenly Jerusalem were depicted, in many maps, views, and other graphic images. The study of the cartographical evidence related to Jerusalem has hitherto overlooked the Greek material, which includes some interesting specimens. The paper presents two 18th century large icons painted on wood which are preserved in the Monastery of the Holy Cross and in the Monastery of St. George in the Old City of Jerusalem. Both icons contain map-like representations of Jerusalem and its environs, focusing on the depiction of the holy sites. They were made by Greek Orthodox monks in Jerusalem, in the Greek language and for Greek audience, and reflect the geographic and cartographic concept of the Holy City which the Greek Orthodox wished to convey. Graphic depictions, maps, illustrations of holy sites within the city of Jerusalem and in its environs, as well as panoramic views of the city have been the subject of considerable scholarly works. Yet, to date, most research has focused primarily on Western European works, Catholic and Protestant alike,1 while largely ignoring graphic depictions of Jerusalem produced in Eastern Europe or drawn by members of the Greek Orthodox Church. -
The Abkhazian and Mingrelian Principalities: Historical and Demographic Research A
Вестник СПбГУ. История. 2018. Т. 63. Вып. 4 The Abkhazian and Mingrelian Principalities: Historical and Demographic Research A. А. Cherkasov, L. A. Koroleva, S. N. Bratanovskii, A. Valleau For citation: Cherkasov A. А., Koroleva L. A., Bratanovskii S. N., Valleau A. The Abkhazian and Min- grelian Principalities: Historical and Demographic Research. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2018, vol. 63, issue 4, рp. 1001–1016. https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu02.2018.402 This article examines the historical and demographic aspects of the development of the Abkhazian and Mingrelian principalities within the Russian Empire. The attention is drawn to the territorial disputes among rulers over the ownership of Samurzakan. The sources used for this study include documents from the State archives of Krasnodar Krai (Krasnodar, Russian Federation), the Central state historical archive of Georgia (Tbilisi, Georgia), statistical data of the 1800s–1860s on Abkhazia, Mingrelia and Samurzakan, as well as memoirs and diaries of travelers. The authors came to the following conclusions: 1) the uprising of Shikh Mansur in 1785 led to the adoption of new religious rules among the population of Circassia and Abkhazia. As a result, Islam began to spread in Abkhazia. At the time, Islam did not, however, reach Samurzakan and Mingrelia. Both territories remained Christian; 2) as soon as the Abkhazian and Mingrelian principalities were annexed to the Russian Empire, the ruling princes started greatly overestimating the local population rates. They believed that there were on average at least 9–10 people per household on the territories they ruled. In reality, there were 4,7 people per household in Abkhazia and about 7 in Mingrelia; 3) the beginning of the process of decentralization, which was characteristic of the Circassian tribes, can be illustrated Aleksandr A. -
A Historical-Geographic Review of Modern Abkhazia
A Historical-Geographic Review of Modern Abkhazia by T. Beradze, K. Topuria, B Khorava Abkhazia (Abkhazeti) – the farthest North-Western part of Georgia is situated between the rivers Psou and Inguri on the coast of the Black Sea. The formation of Abkhazia within the borders is the consequence of complicated ethno-political processes. Humans first settled on the territory of modern Abkhazia during the Paleolithic Era. Abkhazia is the place where Neolithic, Bronze and Early Iron Eras are represented at their best. The first Georgian state – the Kingdom of Egrisi (Kolkheti), formed in 15. to 14. century BC, existed till the 2.century BC. It used to include the entire South-Eastern and Eastern parts of the Black Sea littoral for ages. The territory of modern Abkhazia was also a part of the Egrisi Kingdom. Old Greek historical sources inform us that before the new millennium, the territory between the rivers Psou and Inguri was only populated with tribes of Georgian origin: the Kolkhs, Kols, Svan-Kolkhs, Geniokhs. The Kingdom of Old Egrisi fell at the end of the 2.century BC and was never restored till 2.century AD. Old Greeks, Byzantines and Romans called this state - Lazika, the same Lazeti, which was associated with the name of the ruling dynasty. In 3. and 4. centuries AD, entire Western Georgia, including the territory of present Abkhazia, was part of this state. Based on the data of Byzantine authors, the South-East coastline part of the territory – between rivers Kodori and Inguri - belonged to the Odishi Duchy. The source of the Kodori River was occupied by the Georgian tribe of Misimians that was directly subordinated to the King of Egrisi (Lazeti).