The South Asian Journal of Religion and Philosophy
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SAJRP Vol. 1 No. 1 (October 2019) THE SOUTH ASIAN JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND PHILOSOPHY Patron-in-Chief: Dr. Hussain Mohi-Ud-Din Qadri Deputy Chairman, Board of Governors Minhaj University Lahore Patron: Prof. Dr. Muhammad Aslam Ghauri Vice-Chancellor Minhaj University Lahore Editor-in-Chief: Dr. Herman Roborgh, Head, School of Religion & Philosophy Minhaj University Lahore Co-Editor: Dr. Shanthikumar Hettiarachchi, Professor, School of Religion & Philosophy Minhaj University Lahore National Editorial Board: Dr. Alqama Khwaja, Minhaj University Lahore Dr. Nabila, Shari’ah College, Lahore Dr. Hafiz Abdul Ghani, Foreman Christian College University, Lahore Dr. Akram Rana, Shari’ah College, Lahore Dr. Farzand Masih, Foreman Christian College University, Lahore Dr. Mukhtar Ahmad Azmi, Minhaj University Lahore Fr. Carlos Juan, Loyola Research Centre, Lahore International Editorial Board: Dr. Ismail Albayrak, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia Dr. Paul Hedges, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore Dr. Victor Edwin, Vidyajyoti College of Theology, Delhi, India SAJRP Vol. 1 No. 1 (October 2019) Dr. Alan Race, Chair and Editor in Chief of Interreligious Insight, United Kingdom Dr. John Dupuche, University of Divinity, Melbourne, Australia Dr. Miroljub Jevtic, Centre for the Study of Religion and Religious Tolerance, Belgrade, Serbia Dr. Peter Riddell, School of Asian Studies, University of London, United Kingdom Dr. Abdullah Saeed, University of Melbourne, Australia Dr. Charles M. Ramsey, Baylor University, United States of America Manager: Dr. Khurram Shahzad Text Designing & Formatting: Muhammad Fareed Cover Design: Tahir Mehmood Production: Minhaj ul Quran Publications Copyright © School of Religion and Philosophy & Centre for Research and Development (CRD) All rights reserved. The Material printed in this Journal may not be reproduced in any form without prior permission of the (CRD). SAJRP Vol. 1 No. 1 (October 2019) Editorial This is the first edition of South Asian Journal of Religion and Science (SAJRP). The editors have brought together articles that discuss issues of religion and philosophy in the light of several other disciplines. In the opening article, John Dupuche analyzes an Indic text (Amṛtakuṇḍa), which has influenced both the Muslim and the Christian mystical traditions. The author traces the origins of this text back to the heartland of the tantric tradition, thereby arguing that the Muslim tradition is open to new ideas from other religious traditions. A recurring topic in debates by both Muslims and Christians has been the concept of personhood: what it means to be human and the nature of the relationship between the individual person and God. In the second article, Peter Riddell discusses the nature of person within Islam. He considers approaches taken by Muslim scholars, who were inclined to literal interpretations of the Qur’an as well as those inclined to reason-based interpretations of Islam’s sacred text. Some scholars are of the view that monotheism was not necessarily a Hebrew-Jewish construct but could also have been part of the Indo-Persian religious background associated with the Persian prophet Zarathustra. In the third article, Shanthikumar Hettiarchchi describes the belief held in the Persian context, which seems to have inspired and impacted on the subsequent Semitic traditions with a renewed theological vigor and an embrace of monotheism. Scholars of comparative religion adopted the scientific method during the 19th and 20th centuries. However, they became disenchanted with this method in more recent decades. In the fourth article, Herman Roborgh argues that scholars of religion remain critical of their presuppositions and subjective biases. He further suggests that the study of religion could abandon the exclusivist approach to other traditions so as to foster a deeper engagement among them. In her article, Bom Hyon Sunim makes a case for ‘Engaged Buddhism' from within the Zen tradition. This is an important contribution for South Asian readers as they are more exposed to the Theravada understanding of the nature of reality. The relevance of Buddhist thought to social engagement is argued succinctly as a moral imperative for human progress. SAJRP Vol. 1 No. 1 (October 2019) This edition of the Journal also contains several reviews of books related to religion and philosophy. We are grateful to the reviewers of these books and invite the scholars and academics of South Asia and further afield to make their own academic contribution to the Journal. The launch of this maiden issue of SAJRP has coincided with the international conference at Minhaj University Lahore on the historically debated theme of Science, Reason and Religion, which has of interest to hundreds of scholars throughout the world especially during recent centuries. SAJRP Vol. 1 No. 1 (October 2019) Vision Respectful and critical discussion of issues related to religion and philosophy will lead to a deeper appreciation and understanding of different religions in the world and promote peace among people. Mission To provide a forum for discussion of critical issues related to religion and philosophy with a special focus on South Asia. Aims and Objectives To encourage a profound and more regular exchange of ideas on the subject of religion and philosophy, particularly on South Asia to publish original articles, selected through a peer review process on a bi-annual basis. Disclaimer The views expressed in SAJRP reflect the views of the author only. They do not reflect the views of the Institute or the Journal. Responsibility for the accuracy of facts, data and for the opinion expressed rests solely with the authors. SAJRP Vol. 1 No. 1 (October 2019) INTRODUCTION South-Asian Journal of Religion and Philosophy is an effort by Minhaj University Lahore (Pakistan) to engage with South Asian academia as well as with the counter parts in the rest of the world on the subjects of religion and philosophy, which have had an intimate relationship with each other from time immemorial. For this reason, the journal provides wide parameters for its field of interest such as the history of religious thought and the philosophical traditions of East and West and their relationship with various other aspects of human life such as the development of culture and religious reform movements. Other topics of interest for this new journal are the ways in which religion is connected with social movements, political developments, spiritual resurgence and scientific discoveries and, more recently, information technology. Most of these issues are not confined to any single period in history or to any one religion or philosophy, which have cross-fertilized every form of ancient and modern knowledge and practice. Religious traditions and philosophical principles should also reflect about global trade and commerce because of the latter’s huge impact on modern life. Furthermore, religion and philosophy provide checks and balances for a variety of new developments being initiated by faith-based movements throughout the world. This Journal hopes to encourage committed researchers and scholars of religion and philosophy to contribute articles based on original scholarship that will throw light on any of the above issues. The editorial board will ensure that sufficient attention is given to both conventional and non-conventional approaches to the study of religion and philosophy. The Journal will also encourage younger scholars to make a contribution by discovering how religion and philosophy are linked with issues of social justice, democracy, identity politics, cross cultural competency, the environment, human rights, interfaith dialogue, spirituality, social-responsibility and the challenges of fundamentalism, radicalization, violence and extremism. South-Asian Journal of Religion and Philosophy is an international peer-reviewed academic journal issued twice a year, once as a regular journal and once with a focus on a special theme. The Journal is published on behalf of the ‘School of Religion and Philosophy’ at Minhaj University Lahore, Pakistan. This new ‘School’ is a growing SAJRP Vol. 1 No. 1 (October 2019) centre of study and research on religion and philosophy at Minhaj University and yearly hosts Pakistan’s largest international academic conference on religion and philosophy. My best wishes to the eminent editorial board of the Journal that has produced this maiden volume. I also appreciate the cooperation shown by the foreign board of editors as well as the local board of editors whose support and advice are of inestimable value. Hussain Mohi-Ud-Din Qadri Deputy Chairman of the Board of Governors Minhaj University Lahore SAJRP Vol. 1 No.1 (October 2019) THE SOUTH ASIAN JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND PHILOSOPHY Volume 1 Number 1 October 2019 Articles JOHN DUPUCHE Tantric aspects of Hawd m’ al-hayat (The Pool of the Water of Life) – an Arabic text 1 developed from Hindu sources SHANTHIKUMAR HETTIARARCHCHI Monotheism (Tawhid) and Jesus (Isa) the Jew 23 PETER RIDDELL Islam and Person: Historical and Contemporary Debates 38 HERMAN ROBORGH The Elephant in the Room – Religion as a Subject of Inquiry 52 BOMHYON SUNIM Off the Cushion and into the Marketplace 70 Book Reviews DAVID THOMAS (ed.) Routledge Handbook on Christian Muslim Relations Christian W. Troll 83 CATHERINE CORNILLE Meaning and Method in Comparative Theology Herman Roborgh 85 IX SAJRP Vol. 1 No.1 (October 2019) LEE STROBEL Case for Christ Imran Gill 87 HUSSAIN MOHI-UD-DIN QADRI Migration