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A Tale of Two Rivers: the Yangtze in Guizhou and the Mahanadi in Odisha

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A Tale of Two Rivers: the Yangtze in Guizhou and the Mahanadi in Odisha No. 49 August 2017 A Tale of Two Rivers: The Yangtze in Guizhou and the Mahanadi in Odisha Anuraag Srivastava Research Intern, Institute of Chinese Studies, Delhi [email protected] The first part of the paper will focus on This paper studies the economic model of Guizhou and the policies it has implemented to Guizhou, a south western province in China, ensure higher growth rate. Here, the goal will and its use of the Yangtze River system to fuel be to try to understand the role of the Yangtze economic growth. Can similar policies be River in fuelling the growth in the province. applied to Odisha in India? The assumption This section shows how the Yangtze River has underlying this study is that Guizhou and been used as a source of connectivity in the Odisha are comparable in several ways, be it province and the positive role it is playing to the resource-abundant nature of the provinces, bring investment into the state. The second part the lack of transport infrastructure, or the many of the paper will focus on the comparison of economic problems that plague both the Guizhou with Odisha and argue in favour of provinces. Guizhou though has managed to lift using River Mahanadi for economic its GDP growth in recent years. In 2016, it development along the lines of Guizhou’s use registered an astonishing 10.5% growth far of River Yangtze. surpassing the overall growth rate of China. On the other hand, even though Odisha holds The Case of Guizhou significant potential when it comes to economic growth, it registered relatively moderate growth The Yangtze, the longest river in Asia, has at 7.94%. Thus, it would be useful to been witness to China’s history spanning more understand the factors that propelled Guizhou than 5,000 years and still holds as much to a higher economic growth that has not been importance as it did thousands of years ago. seen in the case of Odisha yet. The Yangtze is a crucial piece in the grand The ICS is an interdisciplinary research institution, which has a leadership role in the promotion of Chinese and East Asian Studies in India. The ICS Analysis aims to encourage debate and provide informed and balanced inputs for policy formulation and is based on extensive research and interactions with a wide community of scholars, experts, diplomats and military personnel in India and abroad. strategy that China refers to as the ‘Belt and As the connectivity between Guizhou and the Road Initiative’ (Belt and Road Portal 2017). In east has increased, it has bought in a rush of fact, for a small mountainous province in south multinational as well as Chinese companies into western China called Guizhou, it is more than a the province (Bloomberg2016). It helps that the boon. This mountainous province has been new Guizhou-Guangxi railway line, as well as bereft of the development that the east coast Sichuan-Guizhou railway, has increased the experienced for a very long time. Guizhou is connectivity with the neighbouring provinces home to abundant natural resources and holds further facilitating the establishment of industrial the largest reserves of phosphorous ores, clusters in the province (Wang 2016)*. second-largest reserves of bauxite as well as fifth-largest reserves of coal in China (HKDTC This stays true to the vision of rail-road-port Research 2017). connectivity that Yangtze River Delta Economic Zone was expected to provide (Xinhua 2017). It This, however, did not translate into is evident from the fact that a large amount of development until recently. One of the many investment has flown in from companies dealing causes for this was poor connectivity to other with big data, i.e., which focus on gathering and regions of China and lack of any contact with analysing vast reams of information. the sea (Belt and Road Portal 2017). However, things are starting to change. In 2016, Guizhou As the connectivity registered a growth rate of 10.5% far between Guizhou and the surpassing the overall growth rate of China. east has increased, it has Not only that, it was the province with the bought in a rush of second-highest growth rate in China just after multinational as well as Chongqing Municipality (Belt and Road Portal Chinese companiesinto 2017). The Yangtze River is one of the major the province. contributors to this growth. th The 13 Five Year Plan (FYP) of the Chinese Guizhou is a relatively poor province compared Government for the years 2016-20 has a to the rest of China and has a significantly dedicated chapter on the “Yangtze River Delta smaller talent pool. The emergence of the big Economic Zone” which mentions the data sector in this province has raised demands importance of this project by stating that it for the training of youth to provide them with seeks to promote coordinated development skills relevant to the new industries being created along the entire stretch of the river so as to (Bloomberg 2016).Three important points come integrate all the provinces lying in the region to fore when we track the trajectory of and to make it a national leader in ecology- Guizhou’s development. First, it is the big data driven development (CCCPC 2016). sector that is pushing Guizhou’s growth The main purpose is to increase connectivity as significantly (Bloomberg 2016). One may well as provide water resources for the argue that there is no direct causal relationship industries to flourish with an intention that the between big data sector and Yangtze River. companies crowded in the east, in turn, might However, it is important to note that for a shift to the resource-abundant west. province like Guizhou which historically has Interestingly, it is the River Wu a tributary of been suffering from connectivity issues, it the Yangtze that provides connectivity to becomes very important to build infrastructure Guizhou and allows it be a part of the Yangtze so as to attract businesses. Although the river River Delta Economic Zone (Xinhua 2017). connectivity and big data industries might not This has opened many doors for the region. have a direct relationship, it is clear that Yangtze River Delta Economic Zone has paved 2 INSTITUTE OF CHINESE STUDIES, DELHI ● AUG 2017 the way for opening up of the region and development (PR Newswire 2017). The idea enhancing its connectivity. Thus, it makes the behind this is to build exemplary ecological park province much more attractive as it manages to which includes initiatives like New Energy offset one of the key shortcomings the province Vehicle (NEV) industries which seeks to replace had. greenhouse gas emitting vehicles and Sponge City which has advanced drainage and sewage Second, Guizhou is an ecologically sensitive system to treat the discharge from the industries area. To give a push to big data companies (PR Newswire 2017). instead of traditional industries results in the region being less vulnerable to environmental Apart from this, there has been a careful degradation. In fact, it facilitates sustainable consideration given to the ecological aspect in development in the region as big data companies the 13th FYP. The 13th FYP emphasizes the are at forefront when it comes to adoption of need for ensuring that the Yangtze is not to be sustainable technology and big data itself has the polluted and to work on the treatment of potential to understand corporate sustainability chemicals from the factories in the Yangtze so as to find the link between the business world Valley. The provincial government is also and the environment which in turn can give working on building forest shelter beds for soil insights on promoting development in an eco- conservation, in Guizhou. There are forums friendly way (Hsu 2014). being organized in Guizhou to gain an understanding of the development of an ecological civilization in the province. Thus, While unemployment rates there is a proactive rigour shown by the for both provinces were provincial government in the way they comparable, Guizhou has approach development by putting emphasis on significantly reduced its retaining the ecological value of the province. rate to 3% compared to Linking Guizhou with the Yangtze River Delta Odisha’s 6% in 2014. Economic Zone seems to be a step in the right direction and it is proving to be a lifeline for This falls in line with Guizhou Provincial the province. Government’s aim to promote ecological development and green growth. Incidentally, The Case of Odisha protests against environmental degradation are a rare occurrence which points at largely two Some 2,300 kilometers away from Guizhou in possibilities- either it is because of the strict the Indian province of Odisha flows the river control of Chinese Government that news about Mahanadi. There are certain characteristics of protests is not freely available or the policies of Odisha that make it a good comparative study the Provincial Government have found with respect to Guizhou. These characteristics approval among the masses. The truth about the enable us to formulate a framework that can be former is up for speculation. used to create a developmental model for However, the latter can be supported by some Odisha. Six characteristics have been used to concrete evidence. Guizhou’s Provincial argue in favour of this comparative study (see Government has pushed for some eco-friendly Table 1). innovative policies. To supplement the increased First, Like Guizhou, Odisha has abundant connectivity, Guizhou has come up with an resources in India when it comes to coal, inland economic zone called “Gu’ian New Area” bauxite and iron ore. However, the abundance which is focussing on the harmonious of these resources has not translated into a high convergence of industries with ecological INSTITUTE OF CHINESE STUDIES, DELHI ● AUG 2017 3 growth rate.
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