HOMICIDE VICTIMS in CROATIA - Who Are the Survivors?

HOMICIDE VICTIMS IN CROATIA - Who are the survivors?

Petra Šprem & Mia Krpan 4 th Annual Conference of the Max Planck Partner Group for Balkan Criminology Budapest 2017 • Name of the Project: Homicide study in the Balkans

• Leading country: Croatia

• Partners: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Macedonia, Romania, Albania, Turkey

• Main goal- insight into phenomenology of homicide in Balkan

• Beginning of project: 1.6.2016

• Initial meeting (Croatia): 22.07.2016. 4th Annual Conference of the MPPG for Balkan Criminology • Homicide study questionnaire prepared: BIH, Serbia, Macedonia, Albania, Turkey, Germany

• Three sections of questionnaire

• Field work ended: June 1 2017 • Entry data ended: September 1 2017 • Expected findings: End of 2017

• Number of cases: 686 final judgements from 2010-2014 – some are rejections

4th Annual Conference of the MPPG for Balkan Criminology • Juvenile and adult offenders

• 5 types of homicide: murder, aggravated murder, negligent homicide, manslaughter and infanticide.

• Approval of State Attorney’s office and Supreme court

• Collection of data- students from University of Zagreb

4th Annual Conference of the MPPG for Balkan Criminology Fieldwork

1. Croatian Bureau of Statistics ↓

2. National courts

3. State Attorney’s Department

4th Annual Conference of the MPPG for Balkan Criminology • Cooperation?

• Three Criminal Codes (1993, 1997 and 2011)

• Victim data?

4th Annual Conference of the MPPG for Balkan Criminology • Entry of data: Access file

• Questionaire, section 3- about Victim:

sex, date of birth, age, nationality, ethnicity, marital status, children, education, profession, employment, income; injury, time of death (survived, immediate death, later death), public official and/or relation to duty; intoxicated – alcohol, influence of drugs, any addiction, RVO (relationship between offender and victim), RVV (relationship between victims).

• Total of 760 victims • 63,2 % survived

4th Annual Conference of the MPPG for Balkan Criminology Results

• N cases = 686 89,9% • N offenders = 743 90,0% • N victims = 760 80,0% 70,0%

60,0%

. Number of victims 50,0%

40,0%

30,0%

20,0% 7,8% 10,0% 1,6% 0,5% 0,3%

0,0% 1 2 3 4 5

4th Annual Conference of the MPPG for Balkan Criminology . Sex of the victims 77,5% • Male = 579 • Female = 168 80 70

40 22,5%

0 male female

4th Annual Conference of the MPPG for Balkan Criminology . Time of death • survived = 461 • immediate death = 204 • later death = 65

63,2%

70,0%

60,0%

50,0% 27,9% 40,0%

30,0% 8,9% 20,0%

10,0%

0,0% survived immediate death later death

4th Annual Conference of the MPPG for Balkan Criminology SURVIVED VICTIMS

• N = 461

• Sex: Male = 387 (85,1%) Female = 68 (14.9%)

• Age: Mean = 39.29 years

• Residence of 72.5% survived victims is the same as where offence was committed (N = 334)

4th Annual Conference of the MPPG for Balkan Criminology Nationality

Macedonian 0,2%

Albanian 0,4%

Bosnia and Herzegovina 1,1%

Serbian 1,5%

Croatian 67,7%

0,0% 10,0% 20,0% 30,0% 40,0% 50,0% 60,0% 70,0%

missing data = 27% 4th Annual Conference of the MPPG for Balkan Criminology Marital status

widowed 1,7%

divorced 4,3%

extra-marital relationship 6,9%

single 19,5%

married 23,2%

0,0% 5,0% 10,0% 15,0% 20,0% 25,0%

missing data = 44% 4th Annual Conference of the MPPG for Balkan Criminology Number of children

25,0% 23,9%

20,0%

15,0%

11,1%

10,0% 8,7%

5,0% 2,2% 1,3% 0,2% 0,4% 0,0% no children one two three four five six

missing data =52% 4th Annual Conference of the MPPG for Balkan Criminology Level of education

45,0% 41,0% 40,0%

35,0%

30,0%

25,0%

20,0%

15,0% 8,0% 10,0% 3,5% 5,0% 0,9% 1,5%

0,0% none elementary secondary school higher school faculty school missing data = 45% 4th Annual Conference of the MPPG for Balkan Criminology • Employment: Income:

• • Yes = 32.5% None = 9,5% • Below average = 17.6% • No = 17.8% • Average = 26,5% • Retired = 12.8% • Above average = 0,4%

4th Annual Conference of the MPPG for Balkan Criminology Injury

18,8%

no injuries

50,8% light bodily injuries heavily bodily injuries

30,4%

4th Annual Conference of the MPPG for Balkan Criminology Alcohol use

Survived victims (N=461)

Alcohol use frequency percent no 219 47,5% beer 73 15,8% wine 19 4,1% strong spirits (rakija, pelinkovac, vodka) 20 4,3%

Victims who did not survive (N=269)

Alcohol use frequency percent

no 132 49,10% beer 40 14,90% wine 10 3,70% strong spirits (rakija, pelinkovac, vodka) 14 5,20%

4th Annual Conference of the MPPG for Balkan Criminology Drug use

Survived victims (N=461)

Drug use frequency percent

no 292 63,3%

cannabis, marijuana, hash 4 0,9% XTC, LSD, speed, amphetamines or similar drugs 2 0,4%

heroin, cocaine or crack 4 0,9%

Victims who did not survive (N=269) Drug use frequency percent

no 177 65,8% cannabis, marijuana, hash 4 1,5% XTC, LSD, speed, amphetamines or similar drugs 1 0,4% heroine, cocaine or crack 4 1,5%

4th Annual Conference of the MPPG for Balkan Criminology Addiction of victims

Survived victims (N=461) Addiction of the victim frequency percent alcohol 22 4,8% opiate 0 0% crack/cocaine 1 0,2% alcohol and illegal drugs 1 0,2% no addiction 217 47,1% Victims who did not survive (N=269)

Addiction of the victim frequency percent alcohol 16 5,9% opiate 0 0% crack/cocaine 0 0% alcohol and illegal drugs 3 1,1% no addiction 141 52,4% other 2 0,7%

4th Annual Conference of the MPPG for Balkan Criminology Conclusion

• Higher percent of missing data in certain questions – some data about victims do not exist (number of children, marital status, education level...)

• A lot more possibilities for future analysis

• Rest of the data analysis will be done by the end of year 2017

4th Annual Conference of the MPPG for Balkan Criminology Thank you for

your attention!