DOCSLIB.ORG

Chinese Diasporas Steven B. Miles Index More Information

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Chinese Diasporas Steven B. Miles Index More Information Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-17992-9 — Chinese Diasporas Steven B. Miles Index More Information Index Africa, 208–209 cabecillas, 99, 114 Alipay, 204, 236 California, 103 almanacs, 1, 127 Cambodia, 205 American Women’s Voluntary Canada, 105, 139, 194 Services, 186 Cantonese, 22, 67, 76, 103, ancestral nation, 251 105 Ang, Ien, 258 Cao Shuji, 27, 61, 174 anti-Chinese legislation, 138, 177, 182, Cape Chinese Exclusion Act, 138 193 CCTV, 250 anti-Chinese violence, 138, 189 chambers of commerce, 155–156, 158 astronaut families, 245 Chan, Shelly, 12 Australia, 103, 105, 128, 139, 191, 194, Chang Pin-tsun, 33 238, 241 Chang Wen-chin, 69 Aw Boon Haw, 213 Chaoxianzu, 235 Ayutthaya, 32, 42, 65 Chee Kung Tong. See Zhigongtang Chen Ching-ho, 34 Baba, 84 Chen Da, 162–166 bachelor society, 124 Chen Lanbin, 142 Bandung conference, 174 Chen Qianshan, 143 Bangka, 66, 67 Chenghai County, 82, 141 Bangkok, 162, 235, 253 Chia, Lucille, 32 Bao Jiemin, 255 Chicago, 177 Baoan County, 157 Chin (Hong), Mabel, 183–187 Baohuanghui, 150 China proper, 2 bare sticks, 53, 62, 86 China Radio International, 254 Batavia, 32, 82 Chinatowns, 186, 205, 211, 216, Batavian Fury, 32 252 Beijing, 200, 201–203, 219 Chinese American Citizens Alliance, Bendigo, 105 180, 187 Bhamo, 100 Chinese century, 54 birth tourism, 246–247 Chinese Communist Party, 171 Blue Funnel Line, 193 Chinese community centers, 217 Borneo, 67, 81 Chinese Empire Reform Association. See Box Hill, 217, 234 Baohuanghui Britain, 192, 217, 230 Chinese Immigration Act, 139 brotherhoods, 77–79, 86, 119 Chinese Students Alliance, 185 Brubaker, Rogers, 11, 12 ChineseInLa, 243 Budapest, 207 Cholon, 77 Bukit Mertajam, 132, 183 Chu, Julie, 7, 210 Burlingame Treaty, 137 Chu, Richard, 130 Burma, 69–71, 97, 100, 116, 172, churches, 101, 181, 215–217 209 civil war, Chinese, 171 261 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-17992-9 — Chinese Diasporas Steven B. Miles Index More Information 262 Index clan associations, 115 Gottschang, Thomas, 13 Cold War, 188 guanggun. See bare sticks commercial warfare, 136 Guangxi, 40, 83, 90, 196 concubines, 27, 50, 83, 85, 164 Guest, Kenneth, 215 Confucius Institutes, 212 Guihua. See Hohhot consulates, 143, 160 guiqiao, 190 coolies, 111–113 Guo County, 73 Costa Rica, 253, 256 Guo Qitao, 46 courtesans, 50 Guomindang, 158–159, 171–172, 175 credit-ticket system, 114 Gutian County, 101 Cuba, 90, 106, 107, 130, 138, 140, 142, 192 Haicheng, 29–30 Cuba Commission, 142 Haicheng County, 148 Cultural Revolution, 173, 189 Hakkas, 66, 67, 81, 100, 107, 116, 122, 212 Hangzhou, 48, 228, 240 daigou, 236 Hanoi, 76 Dashengkui, 73 Harare, 235 Datuk Kong, 133 Hatien, 37 Dawu, 41 Havana, 119, 154 Dengzhou, 55 Hawaii, 150 dialects, 71 He Ruzhang, 143 diasporas, 10–13, 250, 255, 257, head taxes, 139 258 headmen, 114 diasporic trajectories, 2 Heshun, 70 trade, 2, 23–26, 97–99 Ho Chi Minh City, 77, 211 Dongguan County, 102, 122 Hohhot, 60, 63, 73 Dutch East India Company. See VOC Hoi An, 31, 34, 37 Hokkien, 22, 29–36, 46, 61, 74, 98, 211 emigration companies, 240–241 Honduras, 256 Enping County, 210 Hong Kong, 110, 118, 172, 192, 212 ethnic studies, 9 Hong, Y. C., 183–187 ethnoburbs, 233–235, 238 Honig, Emily, 94 Europe, 108, 213 Houston, 217 Exclusion Act, 138, 193 Hsieh, Frederick, 234, 237 Huang County, 56–59 Fan Xiaofeng, 94 huaqiao, 149, 174, 175, 251, 257, See Fiji, 158 overseas Chinese floating population, 197, 199–201, huaren, 251 218, 237 huayi, 198, 255 Four Counties, 103, 108, 116, Hu-Dehart, Evelyn, 259 210 hui. See brotherhoods France, 108, 153 Huian County, 126 Fujian Native-place Association, 212 huiguan,39–40, 73–77, 115–117, 132, 154, Fung, Kenneth, 187 211–215 Fung, Thomas, 238 Huizhou, 26–29, 46, 48, 75 Fuqing County, 204, 205, 208 hukou, 174, 200 Fuzhou, 101, 205–206, 215 Hungary, 207 gambier, 68 immigration laws, 199 gangzhu,79 Immigration Restriction Act, 139 gazetteers, 33 imperialism, 109, 144 genealogies, 33, 34, 126 Inch’ŏ n, 98 Ghana, 209 indentured labor, 106–107, 111–113, 142 gold rushes, 103 Indochina, 141 gold-mountain firms, 117 Indonesia, 189, 258 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-17992-9 — Chinese Diasporas Steven B. Miles Index More Information Index 263 industrialization, 92, 93–96, 99 London, 108, 123, 253 intermarriage, 47–48, 83–85, 128, 140, Longxi County, 20, 33–35, 52, 98 164 Los Angeles, 183–188, 234 investment, 220, 253 Louie, Andrea, 254 Ipoh, 178 Ma Yueguan, 48 jade, 172, 209 Ma Yuelu, 48–49 Jamaica, 107, 122, 157, 168–169, 192 Mac Cuu, 37 Japan, 31, 143, 152, 230, 256 Macao, 90, 112 Java, 32 Macheng County, 24 Jiande, 119 Mafengwo, 242 Jiangxi, 24, 40, 69, 74 Malabon, 87–89 Jimei, 149, 252 Malacca, 40, 43 Jinjiang County, 47, 61, 98 Malay Peninsula, 99, 131 jinshan zhuang. See gold-mountain firms Malayan Communist Party, 188 Jiujiang, 107, 119, 165 Malayan Emergency, 188 Johor Bahru, 161 Malaysia, 97, 217, 241 jus sanguinis, 144, 157, 174 Manchuria, 55–59, 63, 95–96, 144 Manila, 30–31, 42, 47, 65, 87, 130, Kang Youwei, 150 143, 156 kapitan,43 Mao Zedong, 171 ketou, 114 Marriage Law, 175 Khobdo, 61 Martelli Law, 203 Khoo Kongsi, 148 McKeown, Adam, 7, 10, 93, 96 Kiakhta, 60, 63 Megaward Property Group, 238 Kokang, 69, 172 Mekong delta, 68 kongsi,80–81, 116 Melbourne, 116, 124, 217, 235 Korea, 98 mestizos, 84, 87–88 Koxinga. See Zheng Chenggong Mexico, 30, 107, 123, 130, 139, 140, 159, Kuala Lumpur, 189 165, 211 Kuala Terengganu, 74 migrant brides, 247 Kuching, 101 migration, 8 Kuhn, Philip, 7, 46 and the state, 21, 62–64, 173, 178, 197, 222, 228–229 Laizhou, 55 chain, 15 Lanfang kongsi, 81, 84 cultures of, 15 Lary, Diana, 13 family, 56, 225 laundrymen, 176–178 female, 94, 102–103, 123, 201, 207, 225, law firms, 243 244–248 letters, 82, 117, 127 labor, 99–100 Li Minghuan, 204 male, 23, 45–46, 56, 162, 245 Li Naixi, 120, 128 mass migration, 92 Li Tanren, 168 pull factors, 13–14 Li, Wei, 233 push factors, 13–14, 90, 96 Li, Yi, 100 return, 190–191 Liang Qichao, 147, 150, 157 secondary, 191–192 Liang Yahong, 112 settlers, 45 Liaoning, 190, 206, 207, 225, skilled, 231, 232–233 231 sojourners, 45 Limehouse, 108, 122, 130 urbanization, 93–95 Lin Daoqian, 37 Mingxi County, 205, 219 lineages, 38–39 Minqing County, 101 Liverpool, 120, 193 Mongolia, 61, 144, 173 Lo Fong Pak, 81, 84, 146, Monterey Park, 234, 237, 243 147 museums, 160, 252 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-17992-9 — Chinese Diasporas Steven B. Miles Index More Information 264 Index Nagasaki, 31, 40, 42, 47, 90, 98, Portland, 184 117 Prato, 203–204, 220, 222, 224 Nan’an County, 98 Pridi Banomyong, 141 Nanhai County, 41, 83, 103, 136 prosperous age, 53 Nanyang, 178 prostitution, 124, 207, 209 nationalism, 137, 140, 159, 180, pulperías, 107 254 Puning County, 131 native-place associations. See huiguan Putian County, 196 Nayto, Don Francisco, 87 Netherlands, 191, 258 qiaokan, 148 new Chinatowns, 233, 234 qiaopiju, 117 new migrants, 197, 256 Qing empire, 53, 142 New York, 205, 215, 216, 224, 256 office-selling, 142 New Zealand, 105, 129 policy on emigration, 144 newspapers, 118, 147, 237 Qingtian County, 108, 109 Ng, Cheun, 193 Qiu Tiande, 120 Ngee Heng, 79, 119 Quanzhou, 29, 126, 211 Ningyang Huiguan, 120, 181–182 Nonini, Donald, 183 race, 146, 258 Northeast China, 206 railways, 105 Rangoon, 100, 120, 128, 182, 189, 212 Office of Overseas Chinese Affairs, 251, real estate agencies, 237–240 253 refugees, 36, 173, 191 Olympics, 254 remittances, 82, 117, 175, 204, 223 One Belt, One Road, 240, 251 Republic of China, 144, 157, 158, 182 Ontario, 213 resource rushes, 54 opium, 80, 99, 127, 172 restaurants, 192 Opium War, 91, 110 revenue farms, 80 Ou Tianji, 146, 148 Riau, 66, 68 overseas Chinese, 6–8 rice, 68, 99 Overseas Chinese Affairs Commission, Richmond, 234, 238, 246 175, 221 Rong Anmin, 181–182 Overseas Chinese Affairs Office, 221 roots programs, 253–254 Overseas Chinese State Farms, 190 rubber, 99 overseas compatriots, 251 overseas study locators, 240 Sabah, 155 Saigon, 69 Panama, 140, 192 salt trade, 26–27, 48 Panama City, 107 Sam Yap. See Three Counties parachute kids, 245 San Francisco, 105, 116, 146, 156, Parián, 42 185 Paris, 109, 203, 207, 225, 235 San Gabriel Valley, 234 Patani, 37 San José, 253 Pearl River delta, 22, 102 Sanjiang, 40, 90, 179 Penang, 65, 115, 119, 120, 136, 143, Sanshui County, 102 148, 156 Sarawak, 101–102, 183 People’s Republic of China, 175, 182, 190, sari-sari,98 213, 229 schools, 149, 156–157, 159, 166, Peranakan, 48, 84 178, 189 Peru, 106, 112, 140, 142 Scott Act, 138 Philippines, 30, 47, 87–89, 98, 138, 210 secret societies, 120, See brotherhoods Pieke, Frank, 7 See Yap. See Four Counties piglets, 111 Seoul, 235, 241, 242 politicization, 137, 150, 215 sex ratios, 122, 123, 184, 248 polygyny, 164 Shandong, 55–59, 95–96, 98, 109 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-17992-9 — Chinese Diasporas Steven B. Miles Index More Information Index 265 Shanghai, 93–94, 121, 124 Teoh, Karen, 166 Shanxi, 26, 59–61, 73, 125 Thailand, 140, 172, 209, 255 Shengze, 75–76 Three Counties, 103, 146 Shenzhen, 199, 224 Tiandihui.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Chinese Globalization and Migration to Europe
    UC San Diego Working Papers Title Chinese Globalization and Migration to Europe Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3gv6w1bj Author Pieke, Frank Publication Date 2004-03-01 eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California CCIS THE CENTER FOR COMPARATIVE IMMIGRATION STUDIES Chinese Globalization and Migration to Europe By Frank Pieke University of Oxford Working Paper No. 94 March, 2004 University of California-San Diego La Jolla, California 92093-0510 Chinese Globalization and Migration to Europe Paper presented at the Research Seminar, Center for Comparative Immigration Studies, University of California at San Diego, 9 March 2004 Frank N. Pieke ESRC Centre on Migration, Policy and Society (COMPAS) Institute for Chinese Studies University of Oxford Writing on Chinese migration is a perilous enterprise. To illustrate the choppy waters one has to navigate, I would like to start with two rather different quotes. I will begin with a recent lecture given by Wang Gungwu, the doyen of overseas Chinese studies: “The current acceptance of the term [diaspora] for ‘dispersed Chinese communities’ suggests that scholars of the Chinese overseas have certainly created much new work for themselves for many years to come. The more I think about it, the unhappier I am that the term has come to be applied to the Chinese. I have used the term with great reluctance and regret, and I still believe that it carries the wrong connotation and that, unless it is used carefully to avoid projecting the image of a single Chinese diaspora, it will eventually bring tragedy to the Chinese overseas.” (Wang Gungwu 2004) Strong words indeed that remind us how powerful the fear of the “yellow peril” still is, even when dressed up as “Greater China”, a “Chinese Commonwealth”, “Chinese capitalism”, or “Chinese diaspora”.
    [Show full text]
  • The Diary of a Manchu Soldier in Seventeenth-Century China: “My
    THE DIARY OF A MANCHU SOLDIER IN SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY CHINA The Manchu conquest of China inaugurated one of the most successful and long-living dynasties in Chinese history: the Qing (1644–1911). The wars fought by the Manchus to invade China and consolidate the power of the Qing imperial house spanned over many decades through most of the seventeenth century. This book provides the first Western translation of the diary of Dzengmeo, a young Manchu officer, and recounts the events of the War of the Three Feudatories (1673–1682), fought mostly in southwestern China and widely regarded as the most serious internal military challenge faced by the Manchus before the Taiping rebellion (1851–1864). The author’s participation in the campaign provides the close-up, emotional perspective on what it meant to be in combat, while also providing a rare window into the overall organization of the Qing army, and new data in key areas of military history such as combat, armament, logistics, rank relations, and military culture. The diary represents a fine and rare example of Manchu personal writing, and shows how critical the development of Manchu studies can be for our knowledge of China’s early modern history. Nicola Di Cosmo joined the Institute for Advanced Study, School of Historical Studies, in 2003 as the Luce Foundation Professor in East Asian Studies. He is the author of Ancient China and Its Enemies (Cambridge University Press, 2002) and his research interests are in Mongol and Manchu studies and Sino-Inner Asian relations. ROUTLEDGE STUDIES
    [Show full text]
  • Laogai Handbook 劳改手册 2007-2008
    L A O G A I HANDBOOK 劳 改 手 册 2007 – 2008 The Laogai Research Foundation Washington, DC 2008 The Laogai Research Foundation, founded in 1992, is a non-profit, tax-exempt organization [501 (c) (3)] incorporated in the District of Columbia, USA. The Foundation’s purpose is to gather information on the Chinese Laogai - the most extensive system of forced labor camps in the world today – and disseminate this information to journalists, human rights activists, government officials and the general public. Directors: Harry Wu, Jeffrey Fiedler, Tienchi Martin-Liao LRF Board: Harry Wu, Jeffrey Fiedler, Tienchi Martin-Liao, Lodi Gyari Laogai Handbook 劳改手册 2007-2008 Copyright © The Laogai Research Foundation (LRF) All Rights Reserved. The Laogai Research Foundation 1109 M St. NW Washington, DC 20005 Tel: (202) 408-8300 / 8301 Fax: (202) 408-8302 E-mail: laogai@laogai.org Website: www.laogai.org ISBN 978-1-931550-25-3 Published by The Laogai Research Foundation, October 2008 Printed in Hong Kong US $35.00 Our Statement We have no right to forget those deprived of freedom and 我们没有权利忘却劳改营中失去自由及生命的人。 life in the Laogai. 我们在寻求真理, 希望这类残暴及非人道的行为早日 We are seeking the truth, with the hope that such horrible 消除并且永不再现。 and inhumane practices will soon cease to exist and will never recur. 在中国，民主与劳改不可能并存。 In China, democracy and the Laogai are incompatible. THE LAOGAI RESEARCH FOUNDATION Table of Contents Code Page Code Page Preface 前言 ...............................................................…1 23 Shandong Province 山东省.............................................. 377 Introduction 概述 .........................................................…4 24 Shanghai Municipality 上海市 .......................................... 407 Laogai Terms and Abbreviations 25 Shanxi Province 山西省 ................................................... 423 劳改单位及缩写............................................................28 26 Sichuan Province 四川省 ................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Changes of Forestry Trade Development in Western Fujian and the Influences on Ecological Environment＊
    長崎県立大学東アジア研究所『東アジア評論』第10号（2018．3） 〈研究論文〉 The Changes of Forestry Trade Development in Western Fujian and the Influences on Ecological Environment＊ Lianfang WANG† Jing LIU‡ Abstract: The special mountain terrain in Western Fujian created a rich forest resources, and derived the forestry trade as the main way for the survival and development. With the society changes, forestry trade in western Fujian occurred changes from prosperity to decline, from blindness to orderliness, and forest ecosystem also experienced a interconversion between the balance and imbalance. The forestry trade development brought great changes to the ecological environment in Western Fujian. At the same time, from the ecological environment changes caused by development of forestry trade in Western Fujian, we can also learn the experiences from the interaction between ecology and society. Key Words: Western Fujian; Longyan; Forestry Trade; Ecological Environment Western Fujian is known as Longyan area which is listed as national key protection, accounted for 49% of located in the southwest of Fujian Province and is 150 rare plant varieties in Fujian, so Western Fujian is called kilometers apart from the sea channel. As the region is the green ”treasure bowl”1. For the region is located in located in the Tropic of Cancer, the climate is mild and it the mountains, more mountain and less field is the basic is like spring all the year around. The mountain soil is ecological condition restriction. Because of the red soil and yellow soil for the most part and it is suitable restriction, farmers in Western Fujian began to focus on for plant growth particularly, so there is very rich of and used the rich forest resources very early.
    [Show full text]
  • Alkaline Syenites in Eastern Cathaysia (South China): Link to Permian–Triassic Transtension
    Earth and Planetary Science Letters 230 (2005) 339–354 www.elsevier.com/locate/epsl Alkaline syenites in eastern Cathaysia (South China): link to Permian–Triassic transtension Qiang Wanga,*, Jian-Wei Lib, Ping Jianc, Zhen-Hua Zhaoa, Xiao-Lin Xionga, Zhi-Wei Baoa, Ji-Feng Xua, Chao-Feng Lid, Jin-Long Maa aGuangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China bFaculty of Earth Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China cGeological Institute, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, PR China dInstitute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, PR China Received 9 October 2003; received in revised form 15 June 2004; accepted 5 November 2004 Availale online 12 January 2005 Editor: V. Courtillot Abstract Two alkaline syenite plutons, the Tieshan and Yangfang plutons, have recently been recognized within NE-trending fault zones in eastern Cathaysia, South China. The rocks are very enriched in K2O (6.28–9.39 wt.%), rare earth elements (REE; particularly light REE) and large ion lithophile elements, but are relatively low in high field strength elements. Isotopically, they 87 86 are characterized by high initial Sr/ Sr (0.7093 to 0.7123) and low eNd(t) values (À5.64 to À10.63). The geochemical data suggest that the alkaline syenites most likely formed via fractional crystallization of enriched mantle-derived magmas. Sensitive High-Resolution Ion Microprobe zircon U–Pb dating indicates that these two intrusions have Late Permian (254F4 Ma) and Early Triassic (242F4 Ma) crystallization ages, respectively. Our data suggest that a tectonic regime dominated by transtension probably existed from at least the latest Permian into the Triassic and was responsible for the formation of the Tieshan and Yangfang alkaline syenites.
    [Show full text]
  • A-Guide-To-Selected-Chinese-Clan
    1 CONTENTS A. TEOH SI CHENG HOE TONG PENANG 4 Bincheng Zhangshi Qinghe Tang 260-B, Lebuh Carnarvon, 10100 Pulau Pinang. B. CHEW SI KEE SAN TONG 6 Bincheng Zhoushi Qishan Tang 33, Lebuh Kimberley, 10100 Pulau Pinang. C. PERSATUAN ZHUANG & YAN PULAU PINANG 8 Binzhou Zhuangyan Tongzonghui 26, Lebuh Kimberley,10100 Pulau Pinang. D. LAM YEONG TONG YAP TEMPLE 10 Bincheng Nanyang Tang Yeshi Zongci 71, Lebuh Armenian, 10200 Pulau Pinang. E. LEONG SAN TONG KHOO KONGSI 12 Longshan Tang Qiu Gongsi 18, Medan Cannon, 10200 Pulau Pinang. F. SEH TEK TONG CHEAH KONGSI 16 Shide Tang Xie Gongsi 8, Lebuh Armenian, 10200 Pulau Pinang. G. ENG CHUAN TONG TAN KONGSI 20 Yingchuan Tang Chen Kongsi 28, Seh Tan Court, Lebuh Pantai, 10300 Pulau Pinang. H. BOON SAN TONG KHOO KONGSI 22 Wenshan Tang Qiu Gongsi 117A, Lebuh Victoria, 10300 Pulau Pinang. MAP 26 I. HAR YANG SIT TEIK TONG YEOH KONGSI 28 Bincheng Xiayang Zhide Tang Yang Gongsi 3, Gat Lebuh Chulia, 10300 Pulau Pinang. 2 J. KEW LEONG TONG LIM KONGSI 32 Bincheng Jiulong Tang Lin Gongsi 234, Lebuh Pantai, 10300 Pulau Pinang. K. KOO SAING WOOI PENANG 36 Bincheng Liu Guan Zhang Zhao Guchenghui 67, Lebuh King, 10200 Pulau Pinang. L. CHIN SI TOONG SOO 38 Bineng Chenshi Zongci 64, Lebuh King, 10200 Pulau Pinang. M. NG SEE KAH MIEW 40 Wushi Jiamiao 40, Lebuh King, 10200 Pulau Pinang. N. LEE SIH CHONG SOO, PENANG 42 Bincheng Lishi Zongci 39, Lebuh King, 10200 Pulau Pinang. O. TAY KOON OH KONGSI | TENG BEE OH TOON BOK TONG | SEH FOO KONGSI ANN TENG TONG 44 Dijun Hu Gongsi 70, Lebuh Penang, 10200 Pulau Pinang.
    [Show full text]
  • Risen from Chaos: the Development of Modern Education in China, 1905-1948
    The London School of Economics and Political Science Risen from Chaos: the development of modern education in China, 1905-1948 Pei Gao A thesis submitted to the Department of Economic History of the London School of Economics for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy London, March 2015 Declaration I certify that the thesis I have presented for examination for the MPhil/PhD degree of the London School of Economics and Political Science is solely my own work other than where I have clearly indicated that it is the work of others (in which case the extent of any work carried out jointly by me and any other person is clearly identified in it). The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. Quotation from it is permitted, provided that full acknowledgement is made. This thesis may not be reproduced without my prior written consent. I warrant that this authorisation does not, to the best of my belief, infringe the rights of any third party. I declare that my thesis consists of 72182 words. I can confirm that my thesis was copy edited for conventions of language, spelling and grammar by Eve Richard. Abstract My PhD thesis studies the rise of modern education in China and its underlying driving forces from the turn of the 20th century. It is motivated by one sweeping educational movement in Chinese history: the traditional Confucius teaching came to an abrupt end, and was replaced by a modern and national education model at the turn of the 20th century. This thesis provides the first systematic quantitative studies that examine the rise of education through the initial stage of its development.
    [Show full text]
  • Minimum Wage Standards in China August 11, 2020
    Minimum Wage Standards in China August 11, 2020 Contents Heilongjiang ................................................................................................................................................. 3 Jilin ............................................................................................................................................................... 3 Liaoning ........................................................................................................................................................ 4 Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region ........................................................................................................... 7 Beijing......................................................................................................................................................... 10 Hebei ........................................................................................................................................................... 11 Henan .......................................................................................................................................................... 13 Shandong .................................................................................................................................................... 14 Shanxi ......................................................................................................................................................... 16 Shaanxi ......................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Recent Trends in Chinese Migration to Europe
    coverMRS6.qxd 4/9/02 12:24 PM Page 1 Recent Trends in Chinese Migration to Europe: Also available online at: M Fujianese Migration http://www.iom.int R S 6 in Perspective The June 2000 Dover tragedy, in which 58 Chinese nationals died while being smuggled No. 6 into the United Kingdom, alerted the general public, as well as policy makers, to issues relating to Chinese migration into Europe. However, the fact that over one million Chinese nationals already live in Europe, and that Chinese migration benefits both Europe and China, have received less attention in the media and in ongoing policy debate. What is lacking is a balanced understanding of the dynamics of Chinese migration to Europe. This report presents recent findings of the principal trends in Chinese migration to Europe, with detailed discussions on the particular characteristics of Fujianese flows. It also demonstrates that migrants from the central and western parts of the Fujian province represent changing migration patterns, in which Chinese from various areas and back- grounds are creating new emigration trends with diversified destinations. In fact, these new migrants are frequently receiving professional assistance in the migration process. This report identifies the principal gaps in the knowledge of Chinese migration to Europe and suggests future areas of research. It also considers relevant policy implications of these recent research findings. IOM IOM • OIM ISSN 1607-338X MRS_6IC.qxd 4/9/02 12:29 PM Page 1 Frank N. Pieke prepared this report as an independent consultant to the International Organization for Migration. Opinions expressed in this document are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of IOM.
    [Show full text]
  • The Extent of in Situ Urbanisation in China's County Areas
    China Perspectives 2013/3 | 2013 The Urbanisation of Rural China The Extent of In Situ Urbanisation in China’s County Areas The Case of Fujian Province Yu Zhu, Min Lin, Liyue Lin and Jinmei Chen Electronic version URL: http://journals.openedition.org/chinaperspectives/6263 DOI: 10.4000/chinaperspectives.6263 ISSN: 1996-4617 Publisher Centre d'étude français sur la Chine contemporaine Printed version Date of publication: 1 September 2013 Number of pages: 43-52 ISSN: 2070-3449 Electronic reference Yu Zhu, Min Lin, Liyue Lin and Jinmei Chen, « The Extent of In Situ Urbanisation in China’s County Areas », China Perspectives [Online], 2013/3 | 2013, Online since 01 September 2016, connection on 28 October 2019. URL : http://journals.openedition.org/chinaperspectives/6263 ; DOI : 10.4000/ chinaperspectives.6263 © All rights reserved Special feature China perspectives The Extent of In Situ Urbanisation in China’s County Areas: The case of Fujian Province YU ZHU, MIN LIN, LIYUE LIN, AND JINMEI CHEN ABSTRACT: By developing and using indexes reflecting “quasi-urban” status, this paper attempts to quantitatively estimate the “invi - sible” contribution of in situ urbanisation to the overall urbanisation process in the county areas of Fujian Province. The results show that the urbanisation level of the county areas in Fujian Province would be significantly increased if the urban characteristics resulting from in situ urbanisation were fully reflected, suggesting that the conventional urban statistics seriously underestimate the true extent of rural-urban transformation in the county areas. Furthermore, such underestimation is more serious in the coastal areas with most dynamic socioeconomic development, and thus distorts the true picture of the spatial pattern of rural-urban transformation.
    [Show full text]
  • The Distinctions of Architectural Morphology Between Tubao and Tulou in Fujian
    International Workshop on Rammed Earth Materials and Sustainable Structures & Hakka Tulou Forum 2011: Structures of Sustainability at International Symposium on Innovation & Sustainability of Structures in Civil Engineering Xiamen University, China, 2011 THE DISTINCTIONS OF ARCHITECTURAL MORPHOLOGY BETWEEN TUBAO AND TULOU IN FUJIAN Zhijian Dai School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P.R. China daizhijian2002@yahoo.com.cn Abstract: Fujian Tubao is another kind of architectural form which is different from Tulou in Fujian province of China. This paper focused on the redefinition of Fujian Tubao, and discussed the reasons why Tubao were built, styles, distributions and properties of Fujian Tubao. Meanwhile, the similarities and differences between Tulou and Tubao were also analyzed. Keywords: Minzhong, Tubao, earthen construction, defense 1 THE DEFINITION OF FUJIAN TUBAO The definition of “堡(bao/fortress)” in the book “Ci Hai” is “a town built by earth”. And in the book “The History of Jin Dynasty”, there is a description as “Five thousand people gathered in Xugao and Hukong, and built Tubao to strengthen their defenses.” Nowadays, “Tubao” always refer to the defensive buildings militarily. The Chinese words whose meaning is similar to “堡(bao/fortress)” include 城(city), 壁(wall), 垒(barrier), 寨 (stockade), 坞(fortified building), etc. According to the definition in the book “Ci Hai”, “城(city)” means the city wall which was built around the city as the defensive building in the past; “壁(wall)” means barracks and the enclosing wall; “垒(barrier)” has the village fort built around the military camp; “寨(stockade)” indicates the paling which used in defenses, and by extension, it means the military camp; “坞(fortified building)” is the fortress constructed outside the village as the protective screen.
    [Show full text]
  • Intra-Asian Trade and the World Market
    Latham-FM.qxd 8/12/05 7:22 AM Page i Intra-Asian Trade and the World Market Intra-Asian trade is a major theme of recent writing on Asian economic history. From the second half of the nineteenth century, intra-Asian trade flows linked Asia into an integrated economic system, with reciprocal benefits for all participants. But although this was a network from which all gained, there was also considerable inter-Asian competition between Asian producers for these Asian markets and those of the wider world. This collection presents captivating ‘snap-shots’ of trade in specific commodities, alongside chapters comprehensively covering the region. The book covers China’s relative backwardness, Japanese copper exports, Japan’s fur trade, Siam’s luxury rice trade, Korea, Japanese shipbuilding, the silk trade, the refined sugar trade, competition in the rice trade, the Japanese cotton textile trade to Africa, multilateral settlements in Asia, the cotton textile trade to Britain and the growth of the palm oil industry in Malaysia and Indonesia. The opening of Asia, especially Japan and China, liberated the creative forces of the market within the new interactive Asian economy. This fascinating book fills a particular gap in the literature on intra-Asian trade from the sixteenth century to the present day. It will be of particular interest to historians and economists focusing on Asia. A.J.H. Latham retired as Senior Lecturer in International Economic History at the University of Wales, Swansea, in 2003. His recent books include Rice: The Primary Commodity. He co-edited (with Kawakatsu) Asia Pacific Dynamism, 1550–2000 (both are published by Routledge).
    [Show full text]