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An Appraisal of Kabulu Folk Music As an Approach Tocommunicating Development Among Gbagyi People

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An Appraisal of Kabulu Folk Music As an Approach Tocommunicating Development Among Gbagyi People AN APPRAISAL OF KABULU FOLK MUSIC AS AN APPROACH TOCOMMUNICATING DEVELOPMENT AMONG GBAGYI PEOPLE By GADO, VALIYA NYACHESA DEPARTMENT OF THEATRE AND PERFORMING ARTS, FACULTY OF ARTS AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, NIGERIA. JANUARY, 2017 AN APPRAISAL OF KABULU FOLK MUSIC AS AN APPROACH TOCOMMUNICATING DEVELOPMENT AMONG GBAGYI PEOPLE By GADO, VALIYA NYACHESA MA/ARTS/25192/2012-2013 BEING A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES,AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, NIGERIA,IN PARTIALFULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTSFOR THE AWARD OF A MASTER OF ARTS DEGREE (M.A.)IN DEVELOPMENT COMMUNICATION DEPARTMENT OF THEATRE AND PERFORMING ARTS, FACULTY OF ARTS AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, NIGERIA JANUARY, 2017 ii DECLARATION I,GADO, VALIYA NYACHESAdeclare that the work in this dissertation entitled „An Appraisal of Kabulu Folk Music as an Approach toCommunicating Development among Gbgagyi people‟has been carried out by me in the Department of Theatre and Performing Arts. The information derived from the literature has been duly acknowledged in the text and a list of references provided. No part of this dissertation was previously presented for another degree or diploma at this or any other Institution. GADO, VALIYA NYACHESA Name of Student Signature Date iii CERTIFICATION This dissertation entitled „AN APPRAISAL OF KABULU FOLK MUSIC AS AN APPROACH TOCOMMUNICATING DEVELOPMENT AMONG GBAGYI PEOPLE‟byGADO, VALIYA NYACHESA meets the regulations governing the award of the degree of Master of Arts (M.A) in Development Communication of the Ahmadu Bello University, and is approved for its contribution to knowledge and literary presentation. Dr. Emmanuel Jegede _ Chairman, Supervisory committee Signature Date Dr. (Mrs.) Rasheedah Liman _ Member, Supervisory committee Signature Date Prof. M. I. Umar-Buratai _ Head of Department Signature Date Prof. K. Bala Dean, School of Postgraduate Studies Signature Date iv DEDICATION This work is dedicated to the glory of God and my lovely family for their support in the course of this programme. v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to sincerely express my profound gratitude to the Almighty God, for His infinite mercy, grace, favour, and divine provision through this programme. I am greatly thankful to my Supervisors, Dr. Emmanuel Jegede and Dr. (Mrs.) Rasheedah Liman for their parental guidance and determination to get this study done against all odds. I will always cherish your encouragement and support. I thank the Head of Department, Theatre and Performing Arts, Prof. M. I. Umar-Buratai for his support. I also saluteProf. Steve Ogah Abah, Dr. (Mrs.) Victoria Lagwanpa, Mr. Steve Daniel, Dr. Emmanuel Gana, Mr. Sylvanus Dangoji, Mrs. Jamila Muhammed, Mallam Isah Rabiu, and non-academic staff of the department, whohave been of help to me in one way or the other. I saya big thank you to my internal supervisors; Dr. Salau Suleiman and Dr. (Mrs.) Victoria Lagwanpa for their academic contribution. I am thankful to my lovely parents, Mr. and Mrs. Y. Gado, my siblings, Valodya, Valery and Vincent, as well as my family friend; Onifade Abayomi (big brother), for their prayers,encouragements and support. This work would not have been possible without the enormous help and support of the following: Barde Haruna who supplied a lot of the resource materials and ensured that the researcher gain access to Kabulu Artistes. Onifade Abayomi,inspired and made relevant academic contributions to this research. You are not just a big brother but also an academic genius and a mentor to be reckoned with. I also appreciate my colleagues and friends, Obot Imoh Sunday, Monday Ogbe, Olawale Ismail, Amina Usman Kutigi, Adebisi Olugbenga, Olushola Omogbehin, Agnes Abubakar, Ojo Oroleke, Kehinde Orebiyi and Afolabi Ekundayo, thanks for being there. vi ABSTRACT Development programmes targeted at rural areas are often communicated predominantly using the mass media and this has led to partial neglect of indigenous communication. In response to the above, this study was to reposition the communicative potentials of Kabulu folk music as a medium for community development among the Gbagyi people of North Central Nigeria, with the following objectives: (i) to examine the communicative potential of Kabulu folk music as a channel for community development; (ii) to investigate factors militating against Kabulu music; (iii) to identify various ways through which Kabulu music can serve as an effective communication medium (iv) to determine how mass media could be integrated with folk media for sustainable development in Gbagyi communities. This study deployed survey research method with qualitative and quantitative instruments namely questionnaire, Key Informant Interview (KII) and Documentary Observation (DO). A total of 150 copies of questionnaires were administered and four key informants were interviewed. Data generated were presented in frequency/percentage tables and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Also, Democratic Participant Media Theory and Development Media Theory propounded by McQuail, (1987) were deployed for the analysis and discussion. The findings revealed that the communicative role and potential of Kabulu music are currently limited to entertainment especially at social gatherings. Therefore, the study concluded that the essence of Kabulu music as an indigenous communication can be repositioned if it is integrated into the mass media to perform rural development functions. The study recommends that Kabulu music should be utilised by all tiers of government and non-governmental organisations in Nigeria in order to effectively communicate development and empower rural communities. vii TABLE OF CONTENTS Declaration ........................................................................................................................ iii Certification ....................................................................................................................... iv Dedication............................................................................................................................v Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................ vi Abstract ............................................................................................................................ vii CHAPTER ONE GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1.0 Background to the Study............................................................................................1 1.1 Statement of the Research Problem ............................................................................8 1.2 Aim of the Study .......................................................................................................9 1.3 Objectives of the Study ..............................................................................................9 1.4 Research Questions ................................................................................................. 10 1.5 Justification for the Study ........................................................................................ 10 1.6 Scope of the Study .................................................................................................. 12 1.7 Terminologies .............................................................................................................. 14 CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Communication ....................................................................................................... 16 2.2 Development ........................................................................................................... 19 2.3 Development Communication ................................................................................. 21 2.4 Community Development ........................................................................................ 23 2.5 Asset Based Community Development (ABCD) ...................................................... 25 2.6 Alternative Communication ..................................................................................... 28 2.6.1 Folk Media .......................................................................................................... 29 viii 2.6.2 Folk Story ............................................................................................................ 30 2.6.3 Myths/Legends .................................................................................................... 31 2.6.4 Folk Music ........................................................................................................... 32 2.7 Folk Music and Community Development in Nigeria .............................................. 36 2.8 Folk Music Experiences .......................................................................................... 39 2.9 The Origin of Kabulu Music and its Potentials for Community Development .......... 44 2.10 Empirical Studies on Folk Music ............................................................................. 50 2.11 Theoretical Framework ............................................................................................ 54 CHAPTER THREE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 58 3.1 Research Design ...................................................................................................... 58 3.2 Study Population and Sample Size ..........................................................................
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