หนังสือเรียน รายวิชาพื้นฐาน ภาษาอังกฤษ

STUDENTS’ BOOK ชั้นมัธยมศึกษาปีที่ 6 กลุ่มสาระการเรียนรู้ภาษาต่างประเทศ ตามหลักสูตรแกนกลางการศึกษาขั้นพื้นฐาน พุทธศักราช 2551

ผู้เรียบเรียง ผู้ตรวจ บรรณาธิการ Sue Kay ดร.ไพสาร บุญประกอบ นางสาววราภรณ์ เลิศวรสิริกุล Vaughan Jones นางสาววารี สวนสุวรรณ นางสาวจุฑาวรรณ ศรีศิริโชคชัย Daniel Brayshaw นางสุจิตรา สัตยารักษ์ นางหรรษา วงศ์กิดาการ

พิมพ์ครั้งที่ 1 พุทธศักราช 2562 จำ�นวน 45,000 เล่ม ISBN 978-616-559-053-2 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0 p. 4 Grammar: Present tenses – p. 5 Grammar: Quantifiers p. 6 Grammar: Present Perfect and p. 7 Grammar: p. 8 Grammar: Future p. 9 Grammar: First and p. 10 Grammar: Modal p. 11 Grammar: Defining review Vocabulary: Food and drink Past Simple Comparative and forms Second Conditionals verbs for obligation and relative clauses Vocabulary: Houses Vocabulary: Shops superlative adjectives; too Vocabulary: Books and Vocabulary: Technology permission Vocabulary: Work and enough films and the Internet Vocabulary: Education Vocabulary: Clothes and accessories 1 Vocabulary Grammar Listening Reading Grammar Speaking Writing Looks pp. 12–13 Clothes and accessories; p. 14 Dynamic and state verbs p. 15 Friendship pp. 16–17 Genes p. 18 Present Perfect p. 19 Talking about a photo pp. 20–21 A description of a person Verb phrases to do with clothes; Exam Focus: Multiple choice Exam Focus: Multiple Continuous Vocabulary: adjective Synonyms – appearance and Pronunciation: Numbers choice order personality Vocabulary: Relationship phrases Vocabulary: Compound Reading: Facebook profile photos adjectives – appearance and what they mean

pp. 24–25 Sport; Compound p. 26 Narrative tenses p. 27 Role models pp. 28–29 A Paralympic p. 30 Verb patterns p. 31 Asking for and giving pp. 32–33 An article 2 nouns; Sport collocations; People Exam Focus: Sentence completion athlete an opinion; Agreeing and in sport Pronunciation: Long vowel sounds Exam Focus: Gapped text disagreeing Just do it! Reading and listening: Sports quiz Vocabulary: Word families – Vocabulary: Phrasal verbs personal qualities

pp. 36–37 Travel; Means of p. 38 Present and past speculation p. 39 Different holiday experiences pp. 40–41 Memorable p. 42 used to and would p. 43 Asking for and giving pp. 44–45 A story 3 transport; Collocations; Phrasal Exam Focus: Multiple choice holidays advice verbs; Air travel (from departure to Pronunciation: Word stress Exam Focus: Multiple Going places arrival) – compound nouns; Verb Vocabulary: Compound nouns – matching phrases travel Vocabulary: Wild animals Reading: Travelling for a living

pp. 48–49 Food – fish and p. 50 Future time clauses p. 51 Diets pp. 52–53 Food p. 54 Future Continuous p. 55 In a restaurant pp. 56–57 A semi-formal email 4 vegetables; Antonyms – describing Exam Focus: Multiple matching consumption and Future Perfect Grammar: indirect food; Word families – describing Pronunciation: Vowel sounds Exam Focus: Multiple questions Eat up food; Fruit and vegetables Vocabulary: Collocations – food choice Reading: Fussy eaters Vocabulary: Phrasal verbs – food

pp. 60–61 Geography; p. 62 Articles: no article, a/an or p. 63 An eco-school pp. 64–65 Satellite p. 66 Non-defining relative p. 67 Expressing and pp. 68–69 A ‘for and against’ essay 5 Geographical features; Verb the Exam Focus: Multiple choice technology and the clauses justifying an opinion collocations; Word families; Natural Pronunciation: Word stress environment One world world Vocabulary: Compound nouns – Exam Focus: Gapped text Reading: Living with natural the environment Vocabulary: disasters Adjective-noun collocations

pp. 72–73 Parts of the body; Word p. 74 Second Conditional; wish/ p. 75 Charity events pp. 76–77 A story about p. 78 Third Conditional p. 79 A doctor’s pp. 80–81 An article 6 families – injuries; Body idioms; if only Exam Focus: Sentence completion a disease appointment Hospitals Pronunciation: Vowel sounds Exam Focus: Multiple Get well Listening and reading: How much Vocabulary: Compound nouns – choice are they worth? health issues Vocabulary: Word families – health issues

pp. 84–85 Television; TV shows; p. 86 Reported Speech – p. 87 Viral videos pp. 88–89 Vlogging p. 90 Reported Speech – p. 91 Asking for permission; pp. 92–93 A review of an event 7 Word families; Modifiers with base statements; Reporting verbs Exam Focus: Multiple matching Exam Focus: Multiple questions and imperatives Polite requests and extreme adjectives Pronunciation: Word families and matching In the spotlight Reading and listening: Reality word stress Vocabulary: Phrasal verbs television Vocabulary: Words with two meanings

pp. 96–97 Human qualities; p. 98 The Passive p. 99 A young ex-offender pp. 100–101 An extract p. 102 have something p. 103 Opinions: talking pp. 104–105 An opinion essay 8 Suffixes – forming nouns and Exam Focus: Multiple choice from a novel done about advantages and adjectives; Verb phrases; Society Pronunciation: Word stress Exam Focus: Gapped text disadvantages Good citizens Reading: And here is the good Vocabulary: Verb-noun Vocabulary: Collocations news … collocations with make

Focus review pp. 22–23 Unit 1 pp. 34–35 Unit 2 pp. 46–47 Unit 3 pp. 58–59 Unit 4 pp. 70–71 Unit 5 pp. 82–83 Unit 6 pp. 94–95 Unit 7 pp. 106–107 Unit 8 pp. 108–127 Grammar focus Word lists pp. 129–135

WORD STORE pp. 137–152 Use of English practice and word stores 1–8 pp. 153–155 Prepositions p. 156 Word building pp. 157–158 Phrasal verbs p. 159 Key to phonetic symbols p. 160 Irregular verbs 5 Read REMEMBER THIS. Then complete the cartoon 4 CD•1.3 Read the descriptions again and 0.1 Home sweet home caption with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. 0.2 National dishes choose the correct quantifiers. Then listen Grammar: Present tenses – review REMEMBER THIS Grammar: Quantifiers and check.

Vocabulary: Houses • The Present Simple describes facts, habits and Vocabulary: Food and drink 5 Write a similar description of the national dish routines. of your country. SHOW WHAT YOU KNOW • The Present Continuous describes activities in SHOW WHAT YOU KNOW 6 Read REMEMBER THIS. Then complete the progress. 1 In pairs, complete the table with words for houses 1 In pairs, write a type of food or drink for each letter of the cartoon caption with any, some, many, much, • The Present Perfect describes 1) finished actions and rooms. Then describe your own house to alphabet. How many can you write in sixty seconds? few or little. in time ‘up-to-now’ or 2) unfinished situations that your partner. started in the past and continue now. apple bread carrot REMEMBER THIS Locations Types of house Types of room Note: Been is the past participle of go as well as be. 2 Complete the table with your words from Exercise 1 and write in the suburbs a flat a kitchen the plural form of the countable nouns. Then tick the food or • You use a few/many with countable nouns. drink you like most and compare with a partner. • You use a little/much with uncountable I live in a modern flat in the suburbs of … nouns. Countable nouns Uncountable nouns • You use any/some/a lot of/lots of with both. 2 Draw a plan of your favourite room. Then use your apple – apples bread plan to describe the room to your partner. Note: A little hope and a few friends is more carrot – carrots positive than little hope and few friends. This is my bedroom. It’s quite small. There’s a bed …

3 CD•1.2 Look at the photos and listen to three 3 Test your knowledge of national dishess. Match descriptions teenagers talking about their unusual homes. What A–D with countries 1–4. advantages or disadvantages do they mention? 1 Australia 2 England 3 Ireland 4 USA

Jason NATIONAL Ellie DISHES Reporter: 1Do you live (you/live) here? Man: Yes, I do. A Reporter: How long 2 (you/be) here? It’s a simple dish: you cook 1any / some 2 3 3 Man: I (live) here for five years. lamb, a lot of / a little potatoes and a few / 1 4 Reporter: How much food do you have for 4 a little onions together. Much / Some Reporter: (you/ever/live) in a real house? people add carrots and other vegetables, breakfast? 5 Man: Yes, but I (prefer) my treehouse. but experts say that the real stew doesn’t Man: Just a 2 pancakes with a 3 honey on. 5 6 My grandma (stay) with me at the moment. have any / some other vegetables. 4 Michael Reporter: How cups of tea do you drink? Man: Not many. I have one cup with 5 milk. Grammar Focus pages 108–109 B Reporter: Do you put 6 sugar in your tea? Roast beef and Yorkshire pudding is 7 a popular dish for Sunday lunchtime, Man: No, I don’t have sugar – I’m on a diet. 6 Choose the correct options. Then, in pairs, tell each 6 other which sentences are true for you. but much / most people say that fish and chips is the national dish. 1 I know / I’ve known my best friend since I was a child. Unfortunately, it’s been so popular that 7 2 I don’t wear / I’m not wearing jeans today. there isn’t much / many cod left in the sea! Grammar Focus page 110 3 I’ve had / I have the same phone for more than a year. 7 Write sentences with the opposite meaning. 4 I don’t like / I’m not liking fish. Use one of the quantifiers in brackets. C 5 I’ve been / I’ve gone abroad several times. It’s hard to choose one national dish for this huge country because there are so 1 I eat a lot of pasta. (much / many) 6 I go / I’m going jogging every Sunday. 8many / much regional dishes. But 9few / I don’t eat much pasta. 7 Complete the questions with the Present Simple, little people can resist the most popular 2 I eat lots of meat. (many / much) Present Continuous or Present Perfect form of the dish in this country: a big hamburger with 10any / lots of chips and tomato 3 There are some good restaurants near my verbs in brackets. sauce. house. (some / any) 4 CD•1.2 Complete the sentences with the teenagers’ 1 Where do your parents come from (your parents/ 4 I drink a lot of coke. (very little / very few) names from Exercise 3. Then listen again and check. come from)? 11 5 My mother bakes a lot of cakes. (much / many) D There aren’t some / any ‘national 1 ’s father is a teacher. 2 Who (live) in your house, apart from you? dishes’, but there are 12a little / a few 6 I had some cereal for breakfast. (any / many) 2 often meets interesting people. 3 Who usually (do) the cooking in your family? favourites: meat pies, roast lamb 7 I used to eat lots of vegetables. (very little / 3 has never been late for class. 4 How long (you/be) at your current address? and vegetables, barbequed steak and very few) sausages. 4 has lived in the same place since he/she was born. 5 (your family/ever/move) house? 8 I do lots of cooking at home. (much / many) 5 is living on a boat at the moment. 6 How long (it/take) you to get to school? 8 Tick the sentences in Exercise 7 that are true 6 doesn’t have to make his/her bed. 7 (you/ever/be) to a really good house party? for you. Then compare with a partner. 8 Why (you/learn) English? 8 In pairs, ask and answer the questions in Exercise 7. 4 5 4 Read REMEMBER THIS. Then complete the cartoon 5 Read REMEMBER THIS. Then complete the 0.3 Flashmob caption with the Present Perfect or Past Simple form 0.4 Money, money, money cartoon caption with one word in each gap. of the verbs in brackets. Grammar: Present Perfect and Past Simple Grammar: Comparative and superlative adjectives REMEMBER THIS REMEMBER THIS Vocabulary: Shops • too and enough You use comparative and superlative • You use the Present Perfect to talk about finished Vocabulary: Clothes and accessories adjectives to compare things. SHOW WHAT YOU KNOW actions in time up to now. You never say when exactly they happened. You can use time expressions such • short adjectives: add -er/the -est, 1 In pairs, list the different types of shops in a shopping as ever, never, just, already, (not) yet. SHOW WHAT YOU KNOW e.g. shorter/the shortest street or mall you both know. • You use the Past Simple to talk about finished actions 1 In pairs, list all the clothes and accessories you can think of in • long adjectives: add more/the most a supermarket, a shoe shop, a jeweller’s, ... in past time. You usually say when they happened. You sixty seconds. e.g. more fashionable/the most fashionable can use time expressions such as yesterday, last • irregular adjectives: 2 Look at your list from Exercise 1 and say which shops Sunday, two weeks ago, in 1974. a tie, a dress, ... good/better/the best you go to regularly, sometimes or never. 2 Put the words from your list in Exercise 1 in groups 1–5. Some bad/worse/the worst words can go in more than one group. far/further/the furthest 3 Choose the correct verb forms in the blog entry and I’m in the new mall. I 1‘ (just/buy) a really ve just bought Note: You use too + adjective or 2 1 items usually worn by women only: a dress, the comments. What is a ‘flashmob’? nice pullover. I (see) it in a magazine last week. not + adjective + enough to show there is 2 items usually worn by men only: a tie, a problem with something. www.jackiesblog.eu 3 outdoor items: Mum, all my jeans 4 formal items: a tie, are 1too short! 5 items you would never wear: a tie,

3 Complete the texts with the words in the box.

as (x2) enough more (x2) most richer than (x3) the (x2) too

TEEN ATTITUDES TO MONEY We ask brother and sister Zoey, 16 I 3 (not buy) anything at the new mall yet, Tom and Zoey about their 4 attitudes to money and shopping. but I (buy) a nice pullover online last Don’t worry, love. These are longer 2 your old 5 weekend. I (already/wear) it a lot. I think I’m very good with money. ones. They may not be as fashionable 3 the ones I don’t have much money though in the shops, but I think they’ll be long 4 now. 1 Have you ever seen / Did you ever see a flashmob? Grammar Focus page 111 because I’m still at school, but I’m I’ve just seen one for the first time. I was in the Central 1more careful than my brother. For shopping mall this morning with my mum. When we 5 CD•1.4 Complete the conversation with the Present example, he spends his birthday Grammar Focus page 112 2’ve come out / came out of a clothes shop, we Perfect or Past Simple form of the verbs in brackets. money as soon as he gets it. Also, 3’ve heard / heard loud music and 4’ve seen / saw Then listen and check. Why is Ruth worried? he’s older 2 me and has 6 Complete the sentences with too or not 3 a woman who was dancing on her own. Then a few R: Hi, Simon. How are you doing? a weekend job, so he’s than I am. To be honest, I think enough and the adjective in brackets. Which 5 he’s stupid with his money. The 4 expensive thing I’ve sentences are true for you? more people have started / started dancing. In the end, S: Really well! I 1‘ve just finished (just/finish) my exams. 6 ever bought is a leather jacket, and that was second-hand, so it there were about forty people dancing. It has been / was 2 R: Oh great. Lucky you. I (not finish/yet) – three 5 1 I’d like to buy designer clothes, but they are really professional. After about ten minutes the music wasn’t expensive as a new one. I don’t go out much – more to go. 6 too expensive . (expensive) 7has stopped / stopped and they 8’ve walked / walked Tom says I’m not sociable , but I just like staying at 3 2 I want to learn to drive, but I’m . (old) away. It’s one of the most exciting things I 9’ve ever seen / S: Oh well, good luck. Listen, (you/ever/see) home. ever saw. a flashmob? 3 I’d like a larger bed, but my room is 7 R: Yes, I 4 (see) one on YouTube yesterday. It 5 I’m generous than Zoey. Tom, 17 . (big) In fact, I’m probably 8 Comments (be) fantastic. But I 6 (not see) a real one. 4 My brother never lends me money because generous! If I have money, I spend 10 7 he is . (mean) I ’ve just arrived / just arrived at the Central mall now and S: Me neither, but I (watch) a few online. Yesterday, it. I’m richer than Zoey because 11 5 My parents won’t let me have a motorbike. I ’ve already heard / already heard about the flashmob – I 8 (watch) a surprise flashmob for a girl’s I work at the weekend, but she’s everybody’s talking about it. I’m sorry I missed it. eighteenth birthday. more careful 9 me, so she They say it is . (dangerous) Tina17, 13 July, 1.15 p.m. R: Oh, right! always has money and I never have 7 Complete the questions with the superlative 10 S: So I want to organise one for my sister’s birthday. Will any. Actually, I think Zoey’s form of adjectives from the box or your own I 12saw / ’ve seen the flashmob at the mall this morning – it was meanest person I know! My clothes ideas. Then, in pairs, ask and answer the 13 you help me? You have to learn a dance. really exciting. I ’ve just watched / just watched are more expensive 11 Zoey’s, but I buy expensive R: Dance? Are you sure? 9 (you/ask) anybody else yet? questions. a few more online. There are some really good ones! clothes because people who make cheap clothes have 12 10 11 Happydancer, 13 July, 7.03 p.m. S: Yes, I (already/ask) lots of people. I worst working conditions in the world. I spend a lot of money on bad cheap funny good intelligent (speak) to Sally five minutes ago and she said yes. going out. Zoey isn’t 13 popular as I am, so she stays at interesting stylish valuable 14 I haven’t seen / didn’t see a flashmob yet, but my friends R: But she’s a good dancer and I’m not! home more! 15have seen / saw one when they were on holiday in Spain last 1 What is item of clothing you have? S: Don’t worry, we have plenty of time. I 12 summer. (not choose) the music yet! 2 Who is person you know? S@lly, 14 July, 11.42 a.m. 3 Where is clothes shop in your town? 6 In pairs, discuss whether you think flashmobs are 4 CD•1.5 Listen and check your answers to Exercise 3. 4 What is possession you have? a good birthday surprise. What other types of birthday Who is more like you: Zoey or Tom? 5 Who is celebrity you know? 6 surprise can you think of? 7 6 CD•1.7 Choose the correct future forms in this second conversation 6 Read REMEMBER THIS. Which conditional

0.5 At the movies between Emma and Luke. Then listen and check. 0.6 My technology structure do you use to show that something is not real or not probable now? Grammar: Future forms Emma: Hi, Luke. What time is it? Grammar: First and Second Conditionals Vocabulary: Books and films Luke: 2 o’clock in the afternoon. 1 I’m going to / I’ll buy the cinema Vocabulary: Technology and the Internet REMEMBER THIS tickets online – are you sure you’re coming? • You use the First Conditional to talk about Emma: Yeah – what time? the future result of an action. SHOW WHAT YOU KNOW 2 SHOW WHAT YOU KNOW Luke: It starts at 7.30, but I’m going to / I’ll get there early. We want • You use the Second Conditional to talk 1 Look at the table and tick the things you good seats, don’t we? 1 Match words and phrases to make common collocations about about the likely present or future result of have watched or read this week. Then Emma: Yeah, we do. technology. an imaginary action. compare with a partner. Luke: 3I’m going to / I’ll get a lift with my mum. Do you want us to 1 download a to Facebook Things you watch Things you read pick you up? 2 log on b your desktop computer If you get me a new computer, Emma: Please. 3 print a c your password I’ll do the dishes every night. documentaries poems Luke: OK. 4We’re going to / We’ll pick you up at 6.45. OK? 4 chat d profile photo video clips textbooks Emma: Great. 5I’m going to / I’ll buy the popcorn! 5 follow e somebody on Twitter adverts detective novels 6 switch on f music action films song lyrics 7 Read REMEMBER THIS. Then complete the cartoon captions with the correct future forms. 7 click g on an app 2 In pairs, list as many more ideas as you can 8 type in h online in sixty seconds. Then discuss what you REMEMBER THIS 9 visit a i document watch or read most. 10 change your j website • You use the Present Continuous for future arrangements. 2 How often do you do the things in Exercise 1? Put ✓ (often), 3 CD•1.6 Listen to Emma and Luke arranging You often mention a time, a date or a place. (sometimes) or ✗ (never) in the boxes. Then compare with to go to the cinema. When is the new • You use be going to for future intentions. You have already ? a partner. Hunger Games film coming out and when do decided to do something and you tell people about it. You also they arrange to see it? use it for predictions based on what you can see or know. If we got you a new computer, we’d never see you! • You use will for spontaneous decisions. You often use 3 Complete the First Conditional sentences with the correct form expressions like I think I’ll …, I’ll probably …, Don’t worry, I’ll … of the verbs in brackets. You also use it for predictions. 1 If you play (play) video games all the time, you won’t be Grammar Focus page 113 a happy, healthy person. CD•1.9 Ooh! I think I 2 (come) 2 You (get) bad marks at school if you don’t stop spending so 7 In pairs, do the questionnaire in 1 Exercise 5 and compare your answers. Then I ’m seeing (see) the latest with you! much time online. Emma Luke listen to Jake and Maria answering the Hunger Games film this evening. 3 You (not have) any real friends if you use social networking. questions. Who is most like you? 4 If you (use) social networking, you’ll lose your privacy. 4 CD•1.6 Complete Emma’s and Luke’s diaries 5 You (not sleep) very well if you go online just before you go 8 CD•1.9 Complete the extracts from the with the events in the box. Then listen again conversation in Exercise 7. Then listen again and check. to bed. and check. 4 CD•1.8 Listen to an interview and check your answers to Football 9.30 Dentist Exercise 3. Do you think you are addicted to technology? 1 If I had (have) €500 to spend, I (buy) 7.00 Babysitting Wedding new speakers. Complete the Second Conditional questions in the questionnaire Emma‘s diary 5 2 If I (have to) give up my phone, with the correct form of the verbs in the box. I (not able to) go online. Friday Saturday Sunday Not me – I 3 (read) be buy have to spend travel would blog 3 I (not care) if my friend (text) Morning the books first. someone else the whole time. Afternoon 2 4 If I (have) time to blog, Evening 1 MY TECHNOLOGY I (blog) about music. 5 I think I (go) to 1970 if Grammar Focus page 112 I (can). Luke‘s diary 8 Copy a diary page from Exercise 4 and write in things you have 9 Complete the conditional sentences to make arranged to do next weekend. Then, in pairs, try to find a time Friday Saturday Suntday them true for you. when you can both go to the cinema. 1 If I get (get) some money for my next Morning 3 A: What are you doing on Friday evening? birthday, I’ll save it. B: I’m going to a party. What are … Afternoon 4 1 What would you buy if you had €500 to spend on 2 If I (find) £1,000 in the street, … 9 Complete the sentences with the correct future forms of the verbs technology? 3 If I (not have) any homework this Evening in brackets. Then tick any sentences that are true for you. 2 If you give up one of your devices (laptop, evening, … phone, etc.), which one could you live without? 1 I ’m going (go) to the cinema on Saturday. 4 If the weather (be) nice tomorrow, … 3 If you with a friend and the friend the 5 In pairs, explain why Emma and Luke 2 It’s very cold. It looks like it (snow). 5 If I (can) drive, … whole time texting someone else, how would you feel? can’t go to the cinema on Friday evening, 3 I haven’t got any plans this evening. I (probably/watch) TV. 6 If my parents (win) the lottery, … If you had a blog, what you about? Saturday afternoon or evening, or Sunday 4 7 If l (live) to be 150, … afternoon. What future form do you use? 4 My friend (have) a big eighteenth birthday party next month. If you could time travel, what time you to? 5 8 If everybody (think) the same as me, … 5 I don’t think England (win) the next World Cup. Emma can’t go to the cinema on Friday 6 I’ve decided that I (not get) married. evening because she ... 8 9 4 Read REMEMBER THIS. Then complete the cartoon captions with 5 Join the sentences using the relative 0.7 Growing up to or –. 0.8 Young entrepreneurs pronouns in brackets. Grammar: Modal verbs for REMEMBER THIS Grammar: Defining relative clauses 1 I’ve got an uncle. He started a business. (who)

obligation and permission Vocabulary: Work I’ve got an uncle who started a business. You use must, need to, have to, can and be allowed to to talk 2 My father drives a car. The car belongs to his Vocabulary: Education about obligation and permission. company. (that) Necessary have to/need to/must SHOW WHAT YOU KNOW 3 There’s a college in my city. You can do business studies there. (where) SHOW WHAT YOU KNOW Not necessary don’t have to/don’t need to 1 In pairs, list all the jobs you can think of in sixty seconds. 4 I’ve got a sister. She works in a shop. (that) 1 In pairs, list all the school and university Permitted can/be allowed to doctor, ... subjects you can think of in sixty seconds. 5 One day I’d like to get a job. The job includes Not permitted can’t/mustn’t/be not allowed to 2 Put the words from your list in Exercise 1 in groups 1–5. Some foreign travel. (which) English, Maths, Music, … words can go in more than one group. Note: You usually use have to (not must) and can’t (not 6 I’ve got a part-time job. I don’t enjoy it. (that) 2 Rank the subjects you wrote in Exercise 1 mustn’t) to talk about rules or arrangements. 1 jobs that pay a high salary: doctor, 6 CD•1.12 Read Louis’s story. Cross out the in order of 1) interest, 2) difficulty, 2 jobs which involve long hours: doctor, underlined relative pronouns where they are 3) usefulness. 3 jobs where you can do overtime: not necessary. Then listen and check. Can I 1 – go out doctor, 3 Read about three different types of parent. this evening? 4 jobs for people who are creative: Choose the correct options. 5 jobs which you would like to do: Louis’s TWENTY-FIRST-CENTURY PARENTING 3 CD•1.11 Read the text and choose the correct relative pronouns. Then listen and check. Are you an entrepreneur? What kinds of parents are there? Story What is an entrepreneur? ouis Barnett is Tiger parents are strict and say their children … Entrepreneurs are people 1who / which can turn dreams into 1 a twenty-three-year- • needn’t / must be the reality. They enjoy being in situations 2who / that challenge L number one student in old entrepreneur from them. They are the kind of people 3that / which take risks and every subject except P.E. and England 1who has a Drama. they don’t follow the crowd. They want to create things 4where / 2 4 passion for chocolate. • 2have to / aren’t allowed to Well, you must do your And you mustn’t be late that inspire other people. At school, they often have problems 3 When he was eleven, he play the piano or violin only homework first. Then you need for bed because you have 5 5who / which teach them important life skills. There are many and 3must / mustn’t play any was having difficulties at school, so his parents found practise your violin. get up early. successful entrepreneurs 6which / who start life with little money other instrument. a tutor 2who could teach him at home. One day he 4 or education. There are plenty of colleges 7which / where you can • need to / don’t have to show 3 respect for them. Grammar Focus page 114 learn business skills, but there is one essential quality 8where / made a cake that his family and friends enjoyed so 5 • can / are not allowed to play that they can’t teach you in college: passion! much that they asked him to make more. He learnt computer games or watch TV. 5 Complete the questions with the words in the box. Then, in pairs, about different ways of making chocolate and at the ask and answer the questions. 4 4 Read REMEMBER THIS. Then complete the cartoon caption with age of twelve he set up a company which he called Helicopter parents are overprotective and say their be allowed to can have to relative pronouns. ‘Chokolit’. The name is inspired by the problems children … 5 • 6can’t / must do anything that he has had with spelling! He is interested 1 learn the violin? REMEMBER THIS dangerous. Do you have to in environmental protection, so he never uses • 7can’t / need to find 2 watch TV in your room? • You use who or that for people. ingredients 6that damage the environment. He also their own strengths and 3 keep your phone on overnight? • You use which or that for things. works with a cooperative in the Caribbean 7where weaknesses. 4 have regular house parties with your friends? • 8have to / aren’t allowed to • You use where to refer to a place. they run all their machinery with solar power. By the discuss their problems and 5 arrive home before midnight? Note: You can leave out that, which or who when it comes age of fifteen Louis had become a qualified chocolatier worries with them. 6 keep your bedroom clean and tidy? before a noun or a pronoun. and one of the youngest entrepreneurs in the world. • 9must / can’t call them regularly when they are not 6 CD•1.10 Complete the descriptions of two different types at home. of teacher. Then listen and check. 7 Complete the questions. Add a relative THE STRICT TEACHER: She stands at the front of the class and you pronoun if necessary. Then, in pairs, ask and 1 2 Hipster parents are non-traditional and say have to listen to her. When she asks a question, you’re not to answer the questions. their children … call out the answer. You have to put your hand in the air. You 3 1 Do you know anyone who doesn’t like • 10mustn’t / are allowed to do talk in class and you have to do your homework on time – no excuses. more or less whatever they chocolate? want. THE RELAXED TEACHER: The opposite of the strict teacher. You are 2 When was the last time you ate a bar of • 11have to / needn’t be top of allowed 4 call out answers and sometimes you 5 call him chocolate? the class. by his first name. You have 6 do your homework, but you 3 Is there a shop in your town or city you 12 •  don’t have to / mustn’t 7 need to do it exactly on time. But there are rules. You 8 follow many rules – they I have the best job in the world! I have a job 1 ’s fun and can buy good chocolate? use your phone in class and when you talk to your classmates, it that can usually make their own enjoyable. I work in a place 2 I don’t have to wear a suit. 4 When was the last time you bought decisions. 9 to be about the subject of the lesson. I work with people 3 are happy and relaxed. I have a job 4 somebody a box of chocolates? • 13can / must call them by 7 In pairs, discuss the questions. 5 Do you know anyone works in the food their first names instead of makes my friends jealous. I’m a water slide tester! Whee! industry? ‘Mum’ and ‘Dad’. 1 What other types of teacher can you think of? 6 How important is it to eat food doesn’t 2 What are the most important qualities for a teacher? Grammar Focus page 115 damage the environment? 3 What type of teacher do you think you would be? 10 11 1.1 Vocabulary Go to WORD STORE 1 page 138.

Appearance • Personality WORD STORE 1A I can describe people’s appearance and talk about their Facebook profile photos personality. 7 CD•1.14 Complete WORD STORE 1A with the words and what they mean from Exercise 5. Then listen, check and repeat. SHOW WHAT YOU KNOW Did you know that you reveal something about your personality each time you choose a new profile photo? Here are some of 8 In pairs, describe the type of clothes you wear/would LOOKS1 1 In pairs, put the words in the box under an appropriate heading. the most common photos, and what they say about you. wear in these situations. Add any useful words to WORD STORE 1A. blond caring curly hair hard-working A the pretty portrait outgoing tall top trainers selfish suit at a house party at a wedding at home Girls often take photos of themselves. They do their hair, put their at school at the beach in the mountains Personality Appearance Clothes make-up on, look straight into the camera and ‘click’. on a night out on a walk blond What it means: Look at me – I’m gorgeous, fascinating and mischievous!

2 Add more words to each list. Which words can you use to describe B the strange close-up WORD STORE 1B your partner? Julia is tall with dark hair. She’s hard-working and she You can just see one eye or a mouth or part of the face from an 9 CD•1.15 Complete WORD STORE 1B. Match the verb unusual angle. usually wears … phrases in the box with the definitions. Then listen, What it means: Hey, I’m creative and imaginative, but I’m also cool, check and repeat. 3 Read the text about Facebook profile photos. Match photos 1–4 with sophisticated and stylish. clothes fit you clothes match clothes suit you descriptions A–F. There are two extra descriptions that you do not need. You never get a second get changed get dressed get undressed C the party shot chance to make a first 10 Complete the questions with a verb in each gap. Then, 1 2 A group of friends at a party, laughing with their arms in the air. in pairs, ask and answer the questions. impression. What it means: I’m charming. I’m really popular. I’m one of the gang! 1 Do you try to buy clothes that match the colour of your ANDREW GRANT, (B. 1968) A BRITISH WRITER eyes or hair? D the romantic shot 2 Which colours and styles do you think you best? Two people with their arms around one another (or in extreme cases, 3 How long does it take you to dressed for a party? UNIT LANGUAGE kissing). 4 Do your last year’s clothes still you? AND SKILLS What it means: Look at me – I’m on a date. I’m going out with 5 Do you changed when you get home from school? somebody! We’re a couple! Are you jealous? Vocabulary: • Show what you know – personality, WORD STORE 1C appearance, clothes E doing something interesting • clothes and accessories You’re mountain climbing, scuba diving, bungee jumping or riding 11 CD•1.16 Complete WORD STORE 1C with the • verb phrases to do with clothes a camel in the desert. adjectives in red from the text. Then listen, check • synonyms – appearance and personality What it means: I’m dynamic and adventurous and I like taking risks. and repeat. • relationship phrases • compound adjectives 12 Choose the correct options. • Word in focus – look 3 4 F you as baby 1 Ania knows a lot about art and fashion. She’s very Grammar: You’re in your late teens, but you post a cute photo of yourself as a baby. adventurous / sophisticated. • dynamic and state verbs What it means: Look, I used to be cute and adorable and I still am! And 2 Greg’s really childish. I think boys are more gorgeous / • Present Perfect Continuous maybe I’m a bit immature and childish and I don’t want to grow up. immature than girls at that age. 3 He’s a very nice young man. But he can be Listening: cheeky / charming sometimes. • a radio programme about friendship 4 What a beautiful baby! Look at her cute / stylish little nose! 5 CD•1.13 Listen again and tick the items of clothing that Reading: you hear. 5 The two older children are quite rude, but the youngest • an article about genes is absolutely adorable / imaginative. Angie: bangles , a silver ring , vintage sunglasses , Speaking: a scarf , a white cotton top 13 Think of three people you have a photo of. Describe • talking about a photo them to a partner. Use words from WORD STORE 1C. Tim: a suit , a designer dress , a bracelet , Writing: Kate’s my best friend. She’s gorgeous and … a waistcoat , a tie • describing a person Becky:  mittens , a winter coat , a woollen hat , FOCUS EXTRA thick tights • Grammar Focus pages 115–116 4 CD•1.13 Listen to four Facebook users describing their profile photos. Jon:  shorts , a sweatshirt , a fleece , • WORD STORE pages 137–138 Which photo in Exercise 3 does each person describe? hiking boots , a baseball cap • Angie • Becky 6 In pairs, discuss the type of photo you use/would use • Tim • Jon for your Facebook profile. Describe it and say why. 12 13 1.2 Grammar 1.3 Listening

Dynamic and state verbs 4 CD•1.18 Read and listen to Jo’s interview Multiple choice I can understand the difference between dynamic with Anna. Do the underlined I can understand the main points of a verbs have stative or dynamic and state verbs and use them correctly. meanings? radio programme about friendship. 1 Imagine you are going to a weekend music festival in the summer. In pairs, discuss what you would wear. Jo: Hi! I’m reporting on festival fashion for HIP magazine. I like your hat. CD•1.17 Anna: Thanks. I don’t usually wear hats. 2 Read the text and listen to Jo Mack and answer the Anna But it’s really hot, so I’m wearing questions. A this baseball cap. It belongs to my boyfriend. ‘A friend is someone who knows everything 1 Who does she work for? He doesn’t need it because he isn’t here about you and still likes you.’ 2 Where is she now? today. He’s revising for his exams! 3 What is she doing there? Jo: Oh, that’s a shame. Anna:  No, it’s OK. My boyfriend hates festivals. He prefers listening to music at home. I really FESTIVAL FASHION want to see the White Stripes – I listen to their HOW TO DRESS: music all the time! 1 In pairs, read the sayings and discuss Welcome to our regular feature. This week we are looking at what people wear to the questions. C ‘There is nothing better music festivals. 1 Which saying do you like best? Why? than a friend, apart 5 CD•1.19 Complete Jo’s interview with 2 What qualities should a close friend have? from a friend with Tom with the correct present form of the verbs B ‘The best mirror you in brackets. Then listen and check. 3 How would you complete the sentence: chocolate.’ A true friend …? can have is an old friend.’

2 CD•1.20 Listen to a radio programme and Jo: Hi! I’m reporting on festival choose the correct numbers. What numbers 1 fashion for HIP magazine. Are would be true for you? EXAM FOCUS Multiple choice you enjoying (you/enjoy) the 1 Jenny’s got 2 / 5 or 6 / more than 10 close 5 CD•1.21 Listen to four conversations and choose the correct festival? Tom Tom: Yes, I 2 (have) a really good time. friends. answer, A, B or C. Jo: I 3 (love) your T-shirt. 2 Jenny’s got 313 / 330 / 333 online friends. 1 What is true about Janet and Rachel? Tom: Oh, thanks! It’s my festival T-shirt! 3 Fraser’s got no / 2 / 3 or 4 close friends of the A They’ve lost touch. C They often hang out. Jo: Oh, it 4 (look) great. But why 5 opposite sex. B They’ve fallen out. (you/wear) jeans? It’s so hot! Jo Mack 3 Match words and phrases a–f from the radio 2 What’s the relationship between Amy and Sarah? Tom: My legs are very skinny and so I 6 programme with the underlined phrases in A They’re close friends. C They’re teacher and student. Jo: Hi! I’m Jo Mack and I work as a fashion editor for HIP magazine. (never/wear) shorts, even in summer. In fact, Exercise 4. B They’re mother and daughter. I think I must have the best job in the world because today I’m I 7 (not have) any shorts! working at the COACHELLA music festival in California. The 3 What are Jon and Kevin going to do at the weekend? Jo: So which bands 8 (you/want) to see a socialises with – hangs out with question I’m asking is ‘What is the “Festival Look” this year?’ 10,000 today? b lose touch with – A do similar activities C do different things people are listening to music here and I believe the temperature Tom: I 9 (like) the Foo Fighters, but I 10 B hang out together is 32 degrees. I know the Killers are on later and I’m thinking about c has a lot in common with – (not know) when they’re on. I 11 (look) for 4 Which sentence is true about Annie? going to see them, but right now I’m speaking to people about d is always there for you – a festival programme. A She has a lot in common with Sal. C She’s always there for Sal. what they’re wearing and why. e fallen out – Jo: I have one here – oh, they 12 (play) now. B She has lost touch with Sal. f gets on well with – Tom: Oh right – thanks! See you. 4 CD•1.20 Listen to the radio programme PRONUNCIATION FOCUS 3 Read the GRAMMAR FOCUS. Which verbs in blue describe 6 Look at Jo’s interview with Tom again. Find two again. Are statements 1–6 true (T) or false 6 CD•1.22 Write the numbers in full. Then listen, check an action and which describe a state? verbs with both dynamic and stative meanings. (F)? and repeat. Explain the differences in meaning. 1 Jenny has a good relationship with GRAMMAR FOCUS all her online friends. a 515 – five hundred and fifteen 7 Write sentences which are true for you. Use Dynamic and state verbs 2 Jenny thinks it takes time to become b 214 – two hundred fourteen • Most verbs have dynamic meanings. They describe actions: something an appropriate present tense. close friends. c 3,330 – three thousand, hundred thirty happens. You can use them with simple or continuous forms. 1 I (need) a new pair of trainers. 3 Jenny says friends sometimes stop d 901 – nine 2 I (wear) my favourite T-shirt today. I work as a fashion editor for HIP magazine. seeing each other when they’ve e 7,880 – thousand, eighty 3 I (buy) all my clothes online. Today I’m working at the COACHELLA music festival. had an argument. f 4,416 – four , 4 I (like) shopping. • Some verbs have stative meanings. They describe states: nothing happens. 4 Fraser has similar interests to all his You cannot use them with continuous forms. 5 I (think) most clothes are too expensive. 7 Write down three long numbers. Then, in pairs, dictate your close friends. I believe the temperature is 32 degrees. (NOT I’m believing) 6 I (think) of going shopping later. numbers to each other. Check that your partner has written the 5 Fraser doesn’t think a good friend same numbers as you. Note: 8 In pairs, ask each other questions based on the is always reliable in a crisis. A few verbs (e.g. think, have, look) have both dynamic and stative sentences in Exercise 7. 6 Fraser hangs out with both boys meanings. The meanings are different: Do you need a new pair of trainers? and girls. WORD STORE 1D I think I must have the best job in the world. (think = believe Š stative) CD•1.23 I’m thinking about going to see them. (think = consider Š dynamic) 8 Complete the phrases in WORD STORE 1D with the Grammar Focus page 115 correct prepositions. Then listen, check and repeat. 14 15 1.4 Reading TEEN SCIENCE Multiple choice EXAM FOCUS Multiple choice CD•1.24 I can understand the main points of 6 Read the article again. For questions 1–6, choose the an article about genes. ho do you look like? Are correct answer, A, B, C or D. you good-looking like your 1 From the first paragraph we learn that genes 1 Match affixes from box A with words from W box B to make at least ten more family words. mum, well-built like your dad, fair- A come mainly from your mother. B mean you always resemble one of your parents. A ex- grand great- great-great- haired like your brother or sister C determine what you look like. half- -in-law second step 5 or really, really tall like your great- D are always unique to you. + great-grandparent? Do people 2 If a brown-eyed child has two blue-eyed parents, this is B aunt brother daughter father A uncommon. C impossible. grandmother grandfather husband say you’re just like your father B fairly common. D extremely common. mother nephew niece sister or just like your mother or that 3 The reason some children are tall is because son uncle wife you take after your grandparent A their parents are very healthy. B they have short parents. granddaughter, great-great-grandfather, 10 in every way? Or do people ask C they enjoy their lifestyle. mother-in-law, … where you come from because D they eat well and live well. 2 Use different family words from Exercise 1 to you look so different from the 4 Men who go bald describe yourself. Draw a diagram. A always lose their hair because of their father’s genes. I’m Adam’s great-grandson. rest of your family? twin sisters Hayleigh and Lauren B nearly always have sons who go bald. with their parents and baby twin sisters C sometimes inherit baldness from their mother’s side. I’m Eve’s son. D never pass on baldness through their daughter’s genes. me 5 When is it possible to have black and white twins? our genes are responsible for your for two brown-eyed parents to have a blue-eyed A when a black parent has white-skinned ancestors 15 Yappearance and your health. Half 45 child, but unusual for two blue-eyed parents to have B when there is a dominant black gene in the family your genes are from your mother, the a brown-eyed child. As well as eye colour, you can C when the parents are both black I’m Monica’s other half from your father. You are not inherit poor eyesight from your parents. So if you’re D when the parents are both white brother. identical to your mother or your father, short-sighted, you’re probably not the only person 6 What would be the best title for the text? but you probably look a bit like both of in your family who wears glasses. A What do you look like? C Where are you from? 20 them. Or you may resemble one of your B A family tradition D It’s all in the genes 50 ancestors, for example, a great-great- Tall parents usually have tall children and short parents usually have short children. But this isn’t 7 In pairs, discuss the meanings of the words and phrases I’m Simon’s grandparent. But even if you are like other members of your family, you are always true – in fact, children are getting taller in blue in the article. Which of these strategies can help nephew. you guess the meaning? unique. Your genes are different from thanks to improved diets and healthier lifestyles. 1 It looks like a word in my language. 25 everyone else’s genes. The only people Fifty percent of men with bald fathers will lose their 2 It looks like a member of a word family I know. who have exactly the same genes are 55 hair. But the gene for baldness can come from 3 It is made up of words I understand. identical twins. the mother’s family too – boys should look at their 4 The context can give me clues. 3 In pairs, describe three people from your Some of the features you inherit from mother’s father. They may take after him. 8 Match the words and phrases in blue in the article with family. Who do you look like most? your parents are hair, eye colour, skin these definitions. 30 colour and facial features like the size There are many different skin colours: from black, 1 small brown spots on the skin – freckles 4 Read the article. Tick the things you can and shape of your nose. dark brown, brown, light brown to white. Most families 2 small depressions on your cheeks when you smile – inherit from your parents and/or ancestors. 60 share the same skin colour, but black parents can 3 looks exactly like – 1 your health You probably have the same hair colour give birth to a lighter-skinned child if they have pale- 4 be like – 2 your eye, hair and skin colour as one of your parents, but this is not skinned ancestors. 5 look like – 3 your facial features always true. Two dark-haired parents 6 family members who lived a very long time ago – 4 your lifestyle 35 can have a blond or red-headed child. Usually, a black and a white parent have dark- 5 poor eyesight 9 Choose three words or phrases in blue from the article This happens when there was a blond or skinned children because black is a dominant gene. and use them in sentences about your own family. 6 baldness red-headed ancestor. It is common for 65 But twin sisters Hayleigh and Lauren are exceptions. 7 left-handedness Everybody says that I am the image of my red-headed children to have freckles, One twin is black and the other is white. Hayleigh great-grandmother. 5 In pairs, talk about the things that you think even if the parents don’t have them. looks exactly like her black father and Lauren is the you have inherited from your parents and image of her white mother. This was only possible WORD STORE 1E ancestors. 40 The strongest, or dominant, gene in eye because their father had a white relative in his past. I inherited my hair and my eyes from colour is brown. If both parents have 10 CD•1.25 Complete WORD STORE 1E with the compound adjectives in the box. Then listen, check my father. I inherited my mother’s 70 brown eyes, their children probably Finally, if you are left-handed or if you have dimples and repeat. small feet. have brown eyes too. It’s also common in your cheeks or chin, you can thank your genes. 16 17 1.5 Grammar 1.6 Speaking

Present Perfect Continuous 4 Complete the conversation with the Present Perfect Talking about a photo 6 CD•1.26 Read the SPEAKING FOCUS and complete the Continuous form of the verbs in brackets. I can use the Present Perfect Simple and Continuous. I can describe clothes and speculate about description with one word in each gap. Then listen and check. Manager:  I’m sorry, the museum is really busy today. How people in photos. 1 In pairs, look at the different versions of the Mona Lisa long 1have you been waiting (you/wait)? The photos both 1 people in clothes shops. In the first and answer the questions. Guest: It’ s OK. We 2 (not wait) long. We 3 1 Look at the table and put the words in the correct photo a woman is waiting for someone to choose a shirt. 1 Which version do you like best? Why? (stand) in this queue for about twenty minutes. order. Is anybody in the class wearing one of these I 2 he’s her boyfriend or her husband. She 3 2 What do you know about the original painting? Manager:  Right. Well, I’ll introduce you to Henri, our curator. items? bored. In the second photo I 4 see a boy. He’s waiting He 4 (work) here for over twenty years. Adjective order for some people. It’s 5 to say, but perhaps they’re his Guest: Thanks. My son, Jack, is very excited. He 5 sisters or friends. 6 photos show people waiting and (learn) about Leonardo da Vinci at school. Opinion Size/ Colour/ Material Make/ Noun they look very bored. The main 7 between the photos Age Pattern Type Manager:  Well, I’m sure Henri can answer any questions. He is that the woman looks more comfortable than the boy. He 6 (look after) the Mona Lisa for ten years. a lovely big old brown leather flying jacket has to sit on the floor! Jack: How long 7 (she/hang) in the Louvre? 1 trainers / Nike / new new Nike trainers 5 Complete the sentences. Use the Present Perfect Simple 2 a / cotton / shirt / patterned A or the Present Perfect Continuous form of the verbs in 3 jeans / blue / fashionable / skinny brackets and add time expressions to make them true 2 Read about the real Mona Lisa. Why does the curator 4 leather / high-heeled / black / boots for you. think that the Mona Lisa is smiling? 5 a / striped / jumper / big / woollen 1 I (have) the same computer for . ‘ve had two years 2 In pairs, take turns to describe clothes students in STOP ASKING SILLY QUESTIONS! 2 I (study) English since . your class are wearing. Use at least two adjectives B 3 I (listen) to the same music since . to describe each item. Guess who your partner is My name is Henri Dubois. I’ve been working at the 4 I (go) to the same hairdresser’s for . describing. Louvre Museum in Paris for twenty-one years and I’ve 5 I (know) my oldest friend since . been looking after the Mona Lisa for nearly ten. So, for 3 In pairs, take turns to describe clothes you have at the past ten years I’ve been watching people’s faces 6 I (sit) in this chair since . home. Talk about something you wear: 5 when they first see the Mona Lisa. There’s something very special about 6 Write questions for the sentences in Exercise 5. Begin • when you go out • for a formal occasion that painting. I’ve also been answering the same questions over and over with How long have you …? Then, in pairs, ask and • in winter • at the weekend. again. They ask me, ‘How long has she been hanging in the Louvre?’ answer the questions. I always say the Mona Lisa has been in the Louvre since 1804. But it • to do sport isn’t quite true. The Mona Lisa hasn’t been hanging in the Louvre since How long have you had the same computer? 10 then because someone stole it in 1911. Fortunately, the painting was 4 Look at photo A. Describe the clothes the people returned two years later. REMEMBER THIS are wearing. The other questions are impossible to answer. They ask me, ‘Who You use the Present Perfect Simple to talk about 5 How would you describe the situations in photos A was she? What is she thinking? Why is she smiling?’ Why is the finished actions in time up to now. You can say and B? What’s similar and what’s different about them? C Mona Lisa smiling? Because she’s been listening to people’s silly ‘how many ’ but not ‘when’. Think of an adjective to describe how the woman and 15 questions for over 200 years! Stop asking questions and look at the boy are feeling. painting – it’s beautiful! Pedro has visited the Louvre seven times. He has visited twenty-seven other museums. SPEAKING FOCUS 3 Read the GRAMMAR FOCUS. Then find six more Saying what’s in the photo(s) examples of the Present Perfect Continuous in the text 7 Choose the correct options. Then tick any sentences The photo shows … in Exercise 2. that are true for you. In this photo, I can see … /there is …/there are … GRAMMAR FOCUS 1 I’ve seen / been seeing the Mona Lisa twice. Comparing photos 2 My mum has bought / been buying a new car. Present Perfect Continuous Both photos show … 3 It’s snowed / been snowing since yesterday. You use the Present Perfect Continuous to talk about In the first photo … , but in the second photo … 4 I’ve learnt / been learning the piano for years. unfinished actions that started in the past and continue in The main difference between the photos is … 5 I’ve never been / been going abroad. time ‘up-to-now’. Use for or since to say how long. Showing uncertainty 6 I haven’t done / been doing my homework yet. I’ve been working at the Louvre museum in Paris for It’s hard to say/make out what …, but … twenty-one years. 8 Write questions in the Present Perfect Simple or I’m not sure …, but … Present Perfect Continuous: has/have + been + -ing Continuous. Begin with How long …? or How many …? Then, in pairs, ask and answer the questions. Speculating + I’ve been working. He/She/It looks … 7 In pairs, choose two photos and discuss the questions. 1 texts / receive / today? – He hasn’t been working. He/She/It looks as if/as though/like … How many texts have you received today? 1 Compare the photos. How do you think the people are ? Have you been working ...? 2 wear / the same watch? It seems to be …/Perhaps it’s …/Maybe it’s … feeling? Yes, I have./No, I haven’t. 3 have / the same bag? I imagine they’re …/They’re probably … 2 Do you enjoy shopping for clothes? Note: 4 foreign countries / visit? Giving your opinion 8 In pairs, ask and answer the questions. State verbs (be, have, know, etc.) do not take the continuous form. 5 books / read / in the past three months? I (don’t) think …/ 1 How often do you go shopping? The Mona Lisa has been in the Louvre since 1804. 6 go / the same dentist? I prefer …/ 2 Who do you usually go with? Why? (NOT has been being) Personally, …/In my opinion, … 3 What are your favourite or least favourite shops? Why? Grammar Focus page 116

18 19 1.7 Writing

A description of a person 1 In pairs, look at each other for ten seconds. WRITING FOCUS I can describe a person in an email. Then close your eyes and describe your A description of a person Writing task partner’s appearance and clothes. Body You recently received an email from your English 2 In the email on the left, Maggie describes • Mention age. friend, Alice. Read part of her email and write your Maggie her friend Claire. Before you read, make He’s (about) my/your/ 1 age. reply to Alice. a list of the things you think she might He’s in his teens/ 2 /mid/late twenties. include. • Describe personality and interests. Hi Dominic, age, hair (length and colour), interests, … He’s a very easy-going/interesting person. I’m really looking forward to meeting your sister when She’ s the sort/type/kind of person 3 3 Now read Maggie’s email and see which she comes to London in the summer. I can show her always remembers your birthday/loves kids. things on your list she mentions. round the city! Please tell me something about her? 4 opening Zara told me you are looking for a new singer for She’d a great teacher/doctor/friend.

Does she look like you? What’s she like and what’s your band. If so, I think my friend might be perfect. 4 Do you think you would get on well with He’s 5 music/fashion/skateboarding. she interested in? Claire? Why?/Why not? He has a good sense of humour. She is caring/charming/outgoing/reliable. Hope to hear from you soon. Her name’s Claire and she’s our age, though she 5 Read the WRITING FOCUS on page 21 and She is childish/cheeky/arrogant/rude. Love, looks like she’s already in her early twenties. She’s complete the examples with the words in very easy-going and I think she has a great sense pink in the email. • Describe hair, eyes, skin and face. Alice 6 of humour – we get on really well. She’s also a very He’s got cool, short, hair. 6 Some adjectives in English can sound 7 creative person and a fantastic singer. She plays the She’s got beautiful, long , blond hair. negative when used to describe a person. She’s got a kind/friendly/unusual smile/face. Write your email in 140–190 words. Follow these piano and writes her own songs and has even made Replace the underlined adjectives in the A He’s dark-skinned/pale-skinned. steps. a video to go with one of them. She’s into all sorts sentences with the more neutral expressions He’s blue-eyed. of music, from classical to punk and I think she’s in the box. • Thank your friend for offering to show your sister the sort of person who is open to new ideas. I think • Mention height/build. round London. body a bit too slim a little overweight She’s short/ 8 /tall. she’d make a great singer for the band. • Mention your sister’s age. mature not always hard-working He’s fairly well-built/ 9 . • Describe your sister’s personality (mention not really interested in fashion • Give general impressions. something negative). She’s also very pretty. She’s about medium height sometimes forgets his/her manners She looks (kind of) cool/unusual/mysterious/unhappy/ • Mention some of your sister’s interests. and slim, and she’s got long, straight, dark hair. She nervous. 1 Jo is skinny. She doesn’t eat very much. • Describe your sister’s appearance (general dresses fashionably, though usually in black. I think He looks a bit 10 you/me/Mr Bean/Ronaldo. Jo is a bit too slim. impression, clothes, physical appearance etc.). she looks a bit like a Hollywood film star because He resembles his father. 2 Ryan is fat. He doesn’t do much exercise. • Thank your friend again. she’s very glamorous. • Mention clothes. 3 Harry is scruffy. He doesn’t care what he • Say goodbye. She 11 casually/smartly/well/in black. wears. Watch her video (attached) and let me know what He always wears casual/smart/scruffy/fashionable/stylish 4 Ellie is rude. She needs to be more polite. Useful language you think. clothes. 5 Ken is a(n) old student. He’s back at university • Thanks for agreeing to … He never wears a tie. because he wants a career change. • I’m writing to tell you about …

closing Love, 6 Kelly is lazy. Her parents are worried that • She’s a very easy-going person.

she’ll fail her exams. • She looks kind of cool. Maggie • She’s got long, curly, brown hair. • She’s into museums and sports. • Thanks again for helping me.

B Check. ✓ Have you followed the task? ✓ Does your email use kinder phrases instead of negative adjectives? ✓ Have you used the correct order for adjectives of appearance? ✓ Have you organised your email into three or four paragraphs? ✓ Have you checked spelling and punctuation?

20 21 FOCUS REVIEW 1

VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR LANGUAGE IN USE READING 3 Why did Stella refuse to work with the factory? A The production method was not ethical. B The water used for the colours was polluted. 1 Complete the sentence with the correct form of the 5 Choose the correct answer, A, B or C. 7 Read the text and choose the correct answer, A, B, C C The factory could not supply the fabric she wanted. words in capitals. 1 A: What’s that? ____ a new T-shirt in this photo? or D. D The wrong colour was used for the fabrics. 1 Don’t worry, I’m sure John will be here any minute. He’s B: It’s not new. It’s my dad’s old T-shirt from the eighties. 4 In Stella’s opinion, what should designers do? the most ______person I know. RELY A Do you wear B Are you wearing C Have you worn Stella McCartney A Create better designs every year. 2 Helen’s almost twenty, but she’s still very ______. 2 A: I was happy to see Jessica at the school reunion. B Question the methods of their production. She often does silly things. MATURE B: And who’s she exactly? hen designer Stella McCartney arrived on the fashion scene, C Develop their own fashion philosophy. 3 Lucy is a very ______person and is always ready to A: She used to be my best friend in primary school, but Wmany people claimed her success was due to her famous D Make their clothes more luxurious. help her friends. CARE name. Her father is, after all, Beatles legend Paul McCartney. This, 5 The aim of the text is to we ____ when my family moved to Bristol. however, is not true. For Stella, becoming a success took hard 4 Jason is not particularly ______. Every summer he A took after B lost touch C hanged out work, determination and, of course, talent. A show why some production methods are better. goes to the same beach resort in Spain. ADVENTURE B  suggest how fashion designers can help the community. 3 A: What have you been doing? In 1995, after graduating from Central St Martins College of Art and 5 All Yvonne’s stories are full of surprises. She’s a very B: Nothing special. I ____ an email to Lucy to ask her Design in London, she enjoyed almost immediate success. Two C explain the philosophy behind Stella’s collections. ______writer. IMAGINATION about the class project. I hope she replies soon. short years later, at the age of twenty-six, she became the head D describe how Stella became a fashion designer. 6 Charles is a ______young man. CHARM A I’m writing B I’ve written C I’ve been writing designer at Chloé, – a famous Parisian fashion house. After four highly successful years at Chloé, Stella launched her own fashion 4 A: I guess Tom must be really ____ now that his brother 2 Read the definitions in brackets and complete the label and showed her first collection in 2001. SPEAKING words. The first letter of each word is given. has inherited a cottage from their aunt. Since then her company has been growing steadily. In that time, it 1 He wanted to ask Betty out on a d______(when you B: He says he isn’t, but I know that ’s not true. has developed a reputation as a fashion company with a difference. go out with someone you fancy), but he was too shy. A selfish B arrogant C jealous When Stella was growing up on a farm, her parents taught her to 8 Look at the photos. 2 Most of my a______(family members who lived in 5 A: Can you have a look at this picture? ____ respect animals, to be aware of nature, and to understand that They show people human beings share the planet with other creatures. These beliefs the past) came from Ireland. B: Well, I’m not sure either. discussing what clothes have had a huge impact on her and, as a result, she believes in to wear. In pairs, take 3 It’s important to protect your e______(ability to A I can’t make out what it shows. ethical fashion now. Ethical fashion covers issues such as working turns to compare the see). Remember to wear sunglasses on sunny days. B I don’t think it’s very interesting. conditions, child labour, fair trade and responsible production that photos and say why C It looks as though you could help me. does not harm the environment. 4 Laura was a gorgeous girl with red hair and f______the people might have (small brown spots) on her nose. 6 Read the text and choose the correct answer, A, B or C. As a lifelong vegetarian, Stella does not use any natural leather or different opinions about 5 Scientists are still looking for new ways to treat fur in her designs. The fabric she prefers is organic cotton and she the clothes. has been experimenting with eco-friendly materials and production b______(the condition of having little or no hair). processes for some time. Recently, Stella decided not to work with 3 Complete the sentences with the Present Simple or PARENTS ON FACEBOOK a fabrics factory because the process used by it to colour the 1 Present Continuous form of the verbs in brackets. Young people _____ Facebook actively for a long time. fabrics was very harmful to the environment. An entire river near the In fact, not long ago people under twenty-five were the factory became red, making the water unsuitable for drinking or for 1 Why ______(you/look) at me like that? Is there biggest group of users. But now more and more 2_____ use in agriculture. something wrong with my hair? sign up for Facebook, with the 40–54-year-olds becoming particularly interested in it. Stella’s ethical fashion also aims to help poor workers. For this 2 Pam ______(not remember) when her mother let So, what 3_____ about Facebook? Do they like it? If they reason, she has created a range of cloth bags together with the her put make-up on for the first time. haven’t created a profile yet, they will probably do so in the United Nations’ International Trade Centre. The programme provides 3 Tom ______(have) lunch and we have to wait for him. near future. And then, they will want to be your 4_____ friends work for poor communities in Kenya, where the bags are created by hand. So far, 160 people in disadvantaged areas have been involved 4 I ______(not think) this is a good idea. and follow your profile! in the production. They are earning money, which has improved their 5 Stuart ______(look) very smart in his new woollen When this happens, should you accept or reject their invitation? There is no good answer for everyone. If you lives. suit and black leather shoes. 5 have _____ with your parents and tell them everything Stella McCartney has an interesting philosophy. Instead of 6 Jane, ______(you/understand) why people should about your life, you may say yes. The worst thing is to do just creating new designs season after season, she believes 9 Do you find it easy to choose what clothes to wear? be kind to each other? nothing. You can’t pretend you haven’t seen the invitation designers should ask themselves how they make their clothes and or say that you’re busy with school work and you’re not accessories, where they make them, and what materials they use. using Facebook. Be 6_____ about it. You will have to take a 4 Complete the sentences with the Present Perfect Thinking about these questions makes designing more challenging WRITING decision one day. Simple or Present Perfect Continuous form of the verbs and more interesting, but still allows designers to create luxurious, in brackets. beautiful items that people want to buy. Stella McCartney is proof of that. 1 Our uncle is on holiday and we ______(look after) 10 Read part of an email you have received from your 1 A use B have used C have been using his dog since Monday. English friend Dave and write your reply. 2 A people in their teens C people of medium-height 2 How many bracelets ______(you/make) this 1 According to the text, Stella McCartney B middle-aged people morning? Enough for everyone? A succeeded with the help of her father. 3 A do your parents think C have your parents thought 3 I think I ______(inherit) most genes from my mum B had a high position at a relatively young age. B are your parents thinking My best friend Ryan would like to exchange because we have similar looks. C experienced difficulty finding the right job. 4 A close B online C half emails with someone from your country. Could 4 How long ______(Gina/work) on the project about D created her own company straight after college. 5 A a good relationship C a lot in common you suggest someone you know and tell me family resemblance? B similar interests 2 Which statement is true about Stella McCartney? something about him or her? 5 Helen is very busy at university, but she ______6 A reliable B brave C realistic A As a child, she found out about ethical fashion. (not lose) touch with her friends. Thanks, B  When she was a child, she wore organic cotton clothes. 6 My older brother ______(go) to the same music Dave C She often gets ideas for her designs from nature. festival for five years now. D No animal products are used in her fashions. Write your email in 100–150 words. 22 23