Medical Terminology • Kidney Nephr/O, Ren/O • Renal Pelvis Pyel/O • Ureter Ureter/O Unit 6 • Bladder Cyst/O Urology & Gynecology • Urethra Urethr/O

New Combining Forms

• Urine Ur/o Medical Terminology • Kidney Nephr/o, Ren/o • Renal Pelvis Pyel/o • Ureter Ureter/o Unit 6 • Bladder Cyst/o Urology & Gynecology • Urethra Urethr/o

New Suffix Ur/o = Urine

• -lith • Stone • Ur/o/logy: Study of the urinary tract • -lysis • Destruction • Ur/o/logist: A physician who specializes in • -pexy • Surgical Fixation treating male and female urinary system • -ptosis • Prolapse disorders and male reproductive system. • -rrhagia • Hemorrhage • Ur/o/genital or genit/o/urinary: Pertaining to • -rrhaphy • Suturing or stitching urinary tract and genitals • -uria • Urine, Urination • Ur/o/pathy: Any disease of urinary tract

Nephr/o = Kidney Nephron

• Nephr/o/ptosis: Prolapsed (fallen) kidney • Nephr/o/plasty: Surgical repair of kidney • Nephr/o/pexy: Surgical fixation of kidney – Nephropexy is one specific type of surgical repair

1 Nephr/o = Kidney Ren/o = Kidney • Nephrons – Functional units of the kidney. Tiny structures in the • Ren/al: Pertaining to the kidney renal cortex. Filter blood to remove waste and excess • Ren/o/pathy: Any kidney disease water and form urine. • Nephr/itis: Inflammation of the kidney • Ren/o/gram: Record from an X-ray of the • Nephr/o/ptosis: Prolapsed kidney kidney • Nephr/o/lith: Stone in the kidney • Ren/o/intestinal: Pertaining to the kidney • Nephr/o/malac/ia: Softening of kidney tissue and intestine • Nephr/o/mega/ly: Enlargement of the kidney • Ren/o/gastric: Pertaining to the kidney and • Nephr/o/lysis: Destruction of kidney tissue stomach

Pyel/o = Renal Pelvis -uria = ( Condition of) Urine • Pyel/itis: Inflammation of the renal • Poly/uria Too much urination pelvis • Noct/uria Excessive urination at night • Pyel/o/plasty: Surgical repair of the • An/uria Suppressed (lack of) urination renal pelvis • Olig/uria Abnormally low amount of urine • Pyel/o/nephr/osis: Condition of • Hemat/uria Blood in the urine renal pelvis and kidney • Albumin/uria Protein (albumin) in the urine • Pyel/o/nephr/itis: Inflammation of • Glycos/uria Sugar in the urine the renal pelvis and kidney • Keton/uria Ketones in the urine • Pyel/o/gram: X-ray of the renal • Nocturn/al Bed wetting pelvis en/ur/esis – IVP = Intravenous pyelogram

Poly- = Many, Too Much

• Poly/neur/itis: Inflammation of many nerves • Urethr/o • Urethra • Poly/neur/o/pathy: Disease of many nerves • Ureter/o • Ureter • Poly/arthr/itis: Inflammation of many joints • Ur/o • Urine • Poly/neur/algia: Pain in many nerves • Uter/o • Uterine • Poly/ot/ia: State of having too many ears • Poly/cyst/ic: Having many cysts • Poly/phagia: Eating too much • Poly/phobia: Excessive fear of things

2 Ureter/o = Ureter Urethr/o = Urethra • Ureter/o/lith: Stone or calculus in the ureter • Ureter/o/cele: Herniation of the ureter • Urethr/o/rrhaphy: Suturing of the urethra • Ureter/o/pathy: Any disease of the ureter • Urethr/o/tomy: Incision into the urethra • Ureter/o/pyel/o/plasty: Plastic surgery of the ureter • Urethr/o/spasm: Spasm of the urethra and renal pelvis • Urethr/o/cystitis: Inflammation of urethra and • Ureter/o/pyel/itis: Inflammation of the ureter and bladder renal pelvis • Urethr/o/rect/al: Pertaining to the urethra and • Ureter/o/cyst/o/stomy: Making a new opening rectum between the ureter and bladder • Urethr/o/vagin/al: Pertaining to the urethra and • Ureter/o/py/osis: A condition of the ureter vagina involving pus

-rrhaphy = Suturing or Stitching -rrhagia = Hemorrhage

• Ureter/o/rrhaphy: Suturing or stitching of – Hemorrhage, or bursting forth of blood the ureters • Gastr/o/rrhagia: Stomach hemorrhage • Nephr/o/rrhaphy: Suturing of a kidney • Encephal/o/rrhagia: Brain hemorrhage • Cyst/o/rrhaphy: Suturing of the bladder • Urethr/o/rrhagia: Hemorrhage of the urethra • Neur/o/rrhaphy: Suturing of a nerve • Men/o/rrhagia: Excessive menstrual bleeding • Colp/o/rrhaphy: Suturing of the vagina • Cyst/o/rrhagia: Hemorrhage of the bladder • Herni/o/rrhaphy: Suturing of a hernia • Ureter/o/rrhagia: Hemorrhage of the ureter

Spermat/o, Sperm/o(i) = Sperm Spermat/o, Sperm/o(i) = Sperm

• Sperm, spermatozoa , male germ cells • Spermat/o/cyst: A sac containing sperm • Sperma = Seed • Spermat/oid: Resembling sperm • Spermat/o/pathy: Disease of the sperm • Spermat/o/genesis: formation of sperm • Spermat/o/cele: A herniated saclike • Destruction of spermatozoa structure containing sperm – Sperm/o/lysis, Spermat/o/lysis • An Immature sperm cell • Sperm/i/cide: An agent used to kill sperm – Sperm/o/blast, Spermat/o/blast – -cide = to kill or destroy

3 Orchid/o, Orchi/o, Orch/o = Orchid/o, Orchi/o, Orch/o = Testicle Testicle • Excision of the testicle • Orchid/o/plasty, or Orchiopexy: Surgical – Orchid/ectomy repair of undescended testes – Orchi/ectomy • Orchid/o/cele: Herniation of a testicle – Orch/ectomy • Orchid/o/tomy: Incision into a testicle • Pain in the testes • Crypt/orchid/ism: Undescended testicle – Orchid/algia – Crypt, crypt/ic = hidden – Orchid/o/dynia

Testicle

• Singular noun • Test/is • Test/icle

• Plural noun • Test/es Descending Testis • Test/icles

• Adjectival form • Test/icular

Prostat/o = Prostate Gland • Prostat/ic (adj.): pertaining to the prostate gland – Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH): enlargement of the prostate due to increase in number of cells and aging • Prostat/itis: Inflammation of prostate • Prostat/o/rrhea: Abnormal discharge from the prostate gland • Prostat/algia: Prostatic pain • Prostat/ectomy: Excision of the prostate

4 Semin/o = Semen Balan/o = Glans Penis

• Semin/al (adj.): The combination of fluids • Balan/itis: Inflammation of the glans penis and sperm • Balan/o/plasty: Surgical repair of the glans • Semen: Combined fluid of prostatic fluid penis and sperm, secreted by seminal vesicles • Balan/o/rrhea: Discharge from the glans • Semin/oma: A malignant neoplasm found penis most often in young men

Pen/o = Penis O/o = Egg, Ovum

• Pen/ile (adj.): Pertaining to penis • Oon = egg • Pen/itis: Inflammation of the penis • O/o/blast: An embryonic egg cell • O/o/gen/esis: The formation and development of an ovum. (from ooblast to mature ovum) • Scrot/um: The saclike structure that contains the testes

Oophor/o = Ovary (egg bearing) Salping/o = Fallopian Tubes

• Oon = egg o/o • Salpinx = trumpet (shape) • Phoros = bear phor/o • Salping/o/scope: An instrument used to • Oophor/ectomy: Excision of the ovary examine the fallopian tubes • Oophor/itis: Inflammation of an ovary • Salping/o/stomy: A new surgical opening • Oophor/oma: Tumor of an ovary made in fallopian tube • Oophor/o/pexy: Fixation of a displaced • Salping/itis: Inflammation of a fallopian tube ovary • Salping/ectomy: Excision of a fallopian tube

5 Salping/o = Fallopian Tubes Colp/o = Vagina • Use a hyphen between 2 like vowels when • Colp/itis: Inflammation of the vagina building compound words • Colp/o/dynia: Vaginal pain – Salpingo-oophoritis – Salpingo-oophorectomy • Colp/o/pathy or Vaginopathy: Any disease – Salpingo-oophorocele of the vagina • Colp/o/spasm: Vaginal spasm • Colp/ectomy or Vaginectomy: Excision of a – TAH-BSO = Total Abdominal Hysterectomy part of the vagina with Bilateral Salpingo-oophorectomy

Colp/o = Vagina Gynecologic Organs

• Colp/o/pexy: Fixation of the vagina • Colp/o/plasty or Vaginoplasty: Surgical repair of the vagina • Colp/o/scope: Instrument for examining the vagina • Colp/o/tomy: Incision into the vaginal wall

“G” Hyster/o = Uterus • Hyster/ectomy: an excision of the uterus • Hard “g” • Hyster/o/tomy: an incision into the uterus – When followed by o, u, a, or a consonant • Hyster/o/spasm: a spasm of the uterus • Laryn goscope, Salpin gocele, Hystero gram • Hyster/o/gram: X-ray (picture) of the uterus • Soft “g” (“J” sound) – When followed by e, i, or y. • Hyster/o/salping/o/gram: X-ray of the uterus • Germ, Menin gitis, Audiolo gy and fallopian tubes to determine openness of the tubes using contrast material • Hyster/o/pathy: Any disease of the uterus

6 Hyster/o = Uterus Metr/o = Uterine tissue

• Hyster/o/salping/o/-oophor/ectomy: the • Metra = Womb excision of the uterus, fallopian tubes, and • Metr/itis: Inflammation of the uterine musculature ovaries – Endometritis: Inflammation of the uterine lining • Hyster/o/scope: Instrument used to see into • Endo/metr/iosis: A condition in which tissue that the uterus looks and acts like endometrial tissue is found in places other than the lining of the uterus. • Hyster/o/scopy: The procedure of looking • Metr/o/paralysis, Metr/o/plegia: Paralysis of the into the uterus uterine musculature • Hyster/o/cele: Herniation of the uterus • Metr/o/pathy: Any uterine disease • Metr/o/cele: Herniation of the uterus

Metr/o = Uterine tissue Uter/o = Uterus

• Metr/o/rrhagia: Intermenstrual (in between) • Uter/ine (adj.): Pertaining to uterus bleeding • Men/o/metr/o/rrhagia: Excessive bleeding during and between menstrual periods • Metr/algia: Uterine pain • Men/o/rrhagia: Excessive menstrual bleeding • Metr/o/rrhea: Abnormal flow or discharge from the uterine tissue

-ptosis = Prolapse Cervic/o = Neck of the uterus

• Prolapse or downward displacement • Cervic/o/plasty: A surgical procedure to repair the • Hyster/o/ptosis: Uterine prolapse cervix • Cervic/itis: Inflammation of the cervix Fix uterus by performing Hyster/o/pexy • Cervic/al: Pertaining to the cervix • Colp/o/ptosis: Vaginal prolapse

– Cervic/o is also used to refer to the neck area of the spine. Use the context of the subject to know if the term referring to the neck of the uterus or the neck of the spine.

7 Conization Gynec/o, Gyn/e = Woman

• Conization is a surgical procedure where a • Gyne = woman cone-shaped cut is made in the cervix to • Gynec/ology: Field of medicine that deals with remove endocervical tissues. This diseases of women procedure is used to remove precancer or • Gynec/ologist: Physician who specializes in cancer cells of the cervix or endocervical female disorders tissues. • Gynec/oid: Resembling woman • Gynec/o/pathy: Any disease peculiar to women • Gyn/e/phobia: Abnormal fear of women

Vas/o = Blood Vessel Vas/o = Blood Vessel

• Vas = vessel • Vas/al: Pertaining to a vessel • Vas/o/dilatation: Enlarging the diameter of a vessel • Vas/o/spasm: Spasm of a vessel • Vas/o/dilator: A nerve or drug that dilates blood • Vas/o/tripsy: Crushing of a vessel (with vessels forceps to stop hemorrhage) • Vas/o/constriction: Decreasing the size of the diameter of a vessel • Vas/o/motor (adj.): Refers to nerves that control the tone of the blood vessel walls

Vas/o = (Many types of) vessels Abbreviation • AID • Artificial insemination (donor’s sperm) • Vas deferens (a part of male reproductive system) • AIH • Artificial insemination (husband’s sperm) – Vas/o/tomy: Incision into the vas deferens • BPH • Benign prostatic hyperplasia (hypertrophy) – Vas/o/rrhaphy: Suture of the vas deferens • Cysto • Cystoscopy – Vas/o/stomy: Making a new opening into the vas deferens • ESRD • End stage renal disease – Vas/ectomy: Removal of a segment of the vas deferens • F • Female • Gyn • Gynecology (ist) • HSG • Hysterosalpingogram • IVP • Intravenous Pyelogram • KUB • Kidney, ureter, bladder, x-ray, radiography •M • Male

8 Abbreviation • MD • Doctor of Medicine • PAP • Papanicolaou test (smear) • PID • Pelvic inflammatory disease • PSA • Prostate specific antigen • RPG • Retrograde pyelogram • Sp gr, SpG • Specific gravity • TAH • Total abdominal hysterectomy • TSE • Testicular self-exam • TUR(P) • Transurethral resection (prostate) • UA • Urinalysis • UTI • Urinary tract infection