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Perceptions of Ethnic Federalism and the Ethiopian Diaspora Community in the US Kassaw Tafere Merie Walden University

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Perceptions of Ethnic Federalism and the Ethiopian Diaspora Community in the US Kassaw Tafere Merie Walden University Walden University ScholarWorks Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies Collection 2017 Perceptions of Ethnic Federalism and the Ethiopian Diaspora Community in the US Kassaw Tafere Merie Walden University Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations Part of the African Languages and Societies Commons, African Studies Commons, Ethnic Studies Commons, and the Public Policy Commons This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies Collection at ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Walden University College of Social and Behavioral Sciences This is to certify that the doctoral dissertation by Kassaw Tafere Merie has been found to be complete and satisfactory in all respects, and that any and all revisions required by the review committee have been made. Review Committee Dr. Anne Hacker, Committee Chairperson, Public Policy and Administration Faculty Dr. Christopher Jones, Committee Member, Public Policy and Administration Faculty Dr. Kristie Roberts, University Reviewer, Public Policy and Administration Faculty Chief Academic Officer Eric Riedel, Ph.D. Walden University 2017 Abstract Perceptions of Ethnic Federalism and the Ethiopian Diaspora Community in the US by Kassaw Tafere Merie MSW, Arizona State University, 2015 MBL, University of South Africa, 2011 BA, Addis Ababa University, 1994 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Public Policy and Administration Walden University November 2017 Abstract Diaspora communities are becoming an essential part of socioeconomic and political developments of their homeland countries. The problem addressed by this study is that after ethnic federalism was implemented in Ethiopia, the Ethiopian diaspora in the US is divided along ethnic lines, causing human resource management and law enforcement challenges within the communities in the host country. The purpose of this study was to describe the impacts of Ethiopia’s ethnic-based federalism on its diaspora residing in a US metropolitan area. The theoretical framework was based on Teshome and Záhořík’s theory of ethnic federalism and Safran’s theory of diaspora. The key research question examined how ethnic-based federalism in Ethiopia affects perceptions of members of the Ethiopian diaspora in the US. This qualitative ethnographic study included interviews with 15 members of the Ethiopian diaspora community residing in the Washington, DC metro area. The data were thematically coded and analyzed with the help of qualitative data analysis software. Findings revealed that the Ethiopian diaspora in the US is constantly involving in its homeland affairs, although in a fragmented and dis-unified manner. Ethnic-based federalism is not only divisive but also serving as the main source for ethnic bias among the Ethiopian diaspora. Ethnic resentment has surfaced and created a we versus them mentality in every aspect of diaspora’s life activities. Recommendations include the Ethiopian government establishing a Truth and Reconciliation Commission and identifying a better form of federalism for the country. The implications for positive social change include integrating voices of the Ethiopian diaspora community in the policy making processes of the home and host governments. Perceptions of Ethnic Federalism and the Ethiopian Diaspora Community in the US by Kassaw Tafere Merie MSW, Arizona State University, 2015 MBL, University of South Africa, 2011 BA, Addis Ababa University, 1994 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Public Policy and Administration Walden University November 2017 Dedication I am dedicating this paper to my beloved wife Rahel Demilew and our precious children: Milcah Kassaw, Bemihret Kassaw, and Christian Kassaw. Rahel, I do not know what would have happened to me without you. Milcah, Bemihret, and Christian: You are the blessings of my life, and my reason to live and survive against all odds. The long project has come to an end and I am all yours now. I love you all. Acknowledgments I am highly grateful to my committee chairperson Dr. Anne Hacker who has been in contact with me on Saturday mornings every two weeks. Dr. Hacker, thank you for your great guidance and all the kindness you showed to me throughout this difficult journey. I am also grateful to my committee member Dr. Christopher Jones, who has been always there in providing the support I needed throughout my dissertation process. Further appreciation is extended to Dr. Kristie Roberts, my University Research Reviewer. Thank you so much for your tremendous help, everyone. I am highly indebted to Dr. Judy Krysik who invested her precious time in editing my dissertation. My heartfelt thank you is extended to many friends and family members who prayed for and supported me as I handled this elephant task also known as a dissertation. My special gratitude is forwarded to those who participated in this study. Thank you for the trust you placed in me. Table of Contents List of Tables ..................................................................................................................... vi Chapter 1: Introduction to the Study ....................................................................................1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................1 Background ....................................................................................................................4 Statement of the Problem ...............................................................................................9 Research Question .......................................................................................................10 Purpose of Study ..........................................................................................................10 Theoretical Framework ................................................................................................11 Operational Definitions ................................................................................................13 Nature of the Study ......................................................................................................14 Assumptions .................................................................................................................16 Scope and Delimitations ..............................................................................................17 Limitations ...................................................................................................................18 Significance of the Study .............................................................................................19 Summary of Chapter One ............................................................................................20 Chapter 2: Literature Review .............................................................................................21 Introduction ..................................................................................................................21 Literature Search Strategy............................................................................................22 Theoretical Foundation ................................................................................................23 Theory of Ethnic Federalism ................................................................................ 24 Theory of Diaspora .............................................................................................. 31 i Literature Review: Related Concepts and Variables ...................................................38 The Features of Ethnic Federalism ...................................................................... 38 Countries with the Experience of Ethnic Federalism .......................................... 45 Reasons of Failure or Success for Ethnic Federalism .......................................... 51 Overview of Ethiopia’s Ethnic Federalism ........................................................... 53 Pseudo-Federalism ................................................................................................ 55 Advantages of Ethnic Federalism in Ethiopia ..................................................... 58 Disadvantages of Ethnic Federalism in Ethiopia ................................................. 60 Overview of the Ethiopian Diaspora in the US. .................................................. 64 Formation and Development of the Ethiopian Diaspora in the US. ..................... 67 Activities of the Ethiopian Diaspora in the US. .................................................... 70 Ethnic Federalism and the Ethiopian Diaspora in the US..................................... 75 The Relationship Between Ethiopian Diaspora and its Homeland ...................... 78 Summary of Chapter Two ..................................................................................... 82 Chapter 3: Research Method ..............................................................................................83 Introduction ..................................................................................................................83
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