Problems of Rural Roads in

S.Ochirbat, Mongolia October 27, 2010 Mongolia is a landlocked country located at the hear t o f As ia w ith a vas t terr itory and continental type of climate, with mild to moderate summers and severe winters, where 2.7 million pppeople dwelt scarcely over in settlement areas which are scattered and located far away from each other. Road Network of Mongolia

Total road network 49250 km

Local roads International and state roads

11218 km 38032 km Road network

6217.03 55.42%

1962.08 17.49%

1279.49 53.73 11.41% 1531.31 0.48% 13.65% 174.36 1.55%

Asphalt Cement Earth Àñôàëüòáåòîí Öåìåíòáåòîí Õºíãºâ÷èëñºí õàð ÕàéðãàGravel ÑàéæðóóëñàíImproved earth õºðñ Åðäèéí õºðñ concrete concrete Macadam surface tracks

Of total roads Of state roads

Paved and gravel roads 13 % 33. 1 %

4 Mongolian Linkage to (2005) ASIAN HIGHWAY IN MONGOLIA

AH4

AH32

AH3

AH32 2325km AH3 1009 km AH4 758 km Road Network Development Programme and Plans

• Master Plan for Mongolian Mid Term Road Network Development” ADB, 1995 • “Mongolian Transport Development Strategy” World Bank, 1996 • Sustainable Development Programme of Mongolia in 21st Century, Government of Mongolia,1999 • “Millennium Road” Project or New Strategic Policy for Road Network Development , Government of Mongolia, 2001 • “Millennium Development Goals-based Comprehensive National Development Strategy of Mongolia” Government of Mongolia, 2007 • “Master Plan for Development of Mongolian Road Network up to 2021” ADB, 2009 Investment for Road Network (Bln MNT)

8 The roads completed in last 10 years in Road Sector

a. Completed roads /km/ b. Completed bridges /l/m/

488.6 1'189.2 500.0 1'200.0

450.0 1'000.0 400.0 369.1 906.6

350.0 304.2 297.5 304.2 800.0 300.0 593.9 250.0 600.0 548.2 498.3 200.0 174.4 174.7 400.0 330.2 150.0 109.0 110.2 208.3 100.0 49.2 200.0 114.5 50.0 60.8 ‐ ‐ ‐ 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Total 1925.9 km asphalt concrete roads and Total 4450 l/m bridges have been 455.2 km gravel roads have been completed in completed in 2000-2009. 2000-2009.

9 Investment towards road maintenance

Investment for road maintenance and rehabilitation has been increased by 86%, for routine maintenance has been increased by 34% in 2009 comparing to year 2004.

10000 9014.5 9202.3 7455.9 8000 7000 6006400 6000 5535.6 6000 5000 5258.5 4185.4 3571.9 4000

Mln MNT 1773.9 2000

0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 TotalÇàñâàð budget àð÷ëàëòûí allocated àæèëäfor maintenance òºëºâëºãäñºí works íèéò õºðºí㺠Total¯¿íýýñ budget óðñãàë allocated çàñâàð for routine àð÷ëàëòàä maintenance çàðöóóëñàí õºðºí㺠10 Specific features of Local Roads

• Most sparsely populated, • Relatively less production of agricultural products, • Relatively less number of traffic, • No proper route directions and absence of road furniture on exitiisting roadsresult inenvitlironmental ddtidegradation due tomultip le earth tracks formed by the drivers. The non-natives travelling through those areas normally get disoriented and lose directions in the night. • Air pollution due to dust from gravel roads and earth tracks • Time is lost as vehicles get stuck in the mud in summer and in snow in winter due to high mountain ranges and rivers, • Common feature: Summer temperature ranges between +250C and +400C and winter temperature drops to -250C and -400C, occasionally daily temperature range reaches 15-200C.

Local Road Funds

• Motor vehicle registration tax, • Local road usage toll, • Stat e and l ocal bu dge t, • Fine paid by the violators of traffic rules and regulations, • Revenue from loan, assistance and aid. Objectives of National Programme “Improvement of Food Supply” and “Third Crop Rehabilitation Campaign”

• TtdtifddtibdithTo promote domestic food production by reducing the country’s dependence on imported goods for main consumer food pp;roducts; • To raise public awareness and information on quality of food products; and • To ensure hygienic and safe food production and processing. Investment for local road maintenance Objectives of Local Roads Development Projects

•Promppppt access to settlement areas with proper social services and market, reduce transportation cost, • Involve local unemployed people in road construction and rehabilitation/maintenance works, • Timely and efficient transportation of perishable food items and those deteriorate during transportation, • SfSafety and security of ff food items • Protect environment by decreasing number of multiple tracks and reducing dust, • Capacity strengthening of local administrative and road maintenance institutions, imparting training etc. Increase in Investment towards Local RdMitRoads Maintenance Locations of Road Maintenance Companies “Zavkhan “Khuvsgul- “Bulgan “Orkhon- “Selenge- “Ulaanbaatar- AZZA" LLC AZZA" LLC AZZA" LLC AZZA" LLC AZZA" LLC AZZA" LLC 991,6km 631,2km 492.0km 145,5km 113km 841km “Khargui" "Uvs-AZZA" SoC LLC “Khuvsgul 631km Zam" LL “Darkhan- 637,7km Khankh Khandgait 202,5km AZZA" LLC 117km “Dornod Auto Ulaanb ai shi nt Ulaangom Road" LLC Arts Suuri Baga-Ilenkh Altanbulag Ereentsav 849,3km Ulgii Sukhbaatar Murun Ulikhan Erdenet Darkhan Dayan Tosontsengel Khavirga Khovd Bulgan

Uliastai Ulaanbaatar Choibalsan Zuunmod Tsetserleg Undurkhaan Yarantai Kharkhorin Baruun Urt Govi-Altai Bayankhongor ×îéð Arvaikheer Bichigt Mandalgovi Burgastai “Jol" LC Sainshand 651,1km Zamiin Uud Dalanzadgad “Taliin Zam" “Khovd - SoC AZZA" LC Gashuun Sukhait 534,4km 835km

“Govi Altai- “Nomgon “Arkhangai" “Ovorkhangai- “Kharkhorin- “Dornogovi- “Tuv AZZA" AZZA" LC khairkhan" LC LC AZZA" LC AZZA" LC AZZA" LC LC 739,6km 508,6km 265km 338km 207km 447,8km 957,9km

21 state and private companies are working in charge of maintenance of 11519 km road. 19 Types of local road maintenance activiti es

• Providing road furniture, • Sectional improvement, construction of earth roads, • Installation of minor bridges and culverts, construction of earth roads, • Opening and clearing of snow on the hills and passes, • Rehabilitation of roads with excessive damages etc

Causes of poor development of local roadtd network

• Road Network Management is not optimal, • Poor central monitoring on local activities, • Insufficient support from central office, • Lack of funding, • Increase in cost of major construction materials are far too rapid than the cost allocated for road maintenance works. Increase in cost of major construction materials (2005-2009)

2.25 2.08

1.75

1.41 1.25 1.13 1.13 1.00 0.75 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

БитумBitumen 1.00 1.14 1.40 1.60 1.60 АрматурSteel 1.00 1.00 1.60 1.60 1.23 ЦCementемент 1.00 1.13 1.63 1.50 1.50 ШатахуунFuel 1.00 1.13 1.13 2.08 1.41

Recent years:

- Cost of three major road construction materials have increased by 44% - Cost of fuel doubled in 2008 comparing to 2005.

23 Objectives of “Road Sector Capacity Bu ilding”PjtProject

• Improve and strengthening of road network management, • Optimize legal environment of road sector, • Improve contractual relations between DOR, local administrative authorities and road maintenance companies, facilitate permanent participation of pritivate sect tior in road ma itintenance ac tiititivities, • Maximize scope of “Road Fund”, • Establish Road Fund Council, effectively manage its activities, • Deve lop s tddtandards an d norms for roa dfddld fund and plann ing o f ma itintenance works and devise effective planning scheme, • Enhance capacity of local consultancy services and maximize involvement of local consulting companies for road maintenance activities, • Augment monitoring by road users on road conditions and utilization of road fund, • Suppor t an d im pr ov e activi ti es of l ocal admini str ativ e auth ori ti es Objectives of Department of Roads

• Effective implementation of “Road Sector Cappyacity Buildin g Pro ject” after ratification b y the Cabinet • Set forth independent “Law on Road Fund” Thank you for your kind attention .

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