Gesture of Main Character As Seen in “Carrie” (2013) Film

GESTURE OF MAIN CHARACTER AS SEEN IN “CARRIE” (2013) FILM

A THESIS Submitted to the Adab and Humanities Faculty of Alauddin State Islamic University of Makassar in partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Humaniora

By: HARIANA Reg. Num. 40300112099

ENGLISH AND LITERATURE DEPARTMENT ADAB AND HUMANITIES FACULTY ALAUDDIN STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF MAKASSAR 2016

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Alhamdulillahirabbil‘alamin, the researcher praises to Allah SWT for His blessing, love, opportunity, health, and mercy, thus the researcher can complete this thesis. Next, Shalawat and Salam are addressed to our prophet Muhammad

SAW, for His model and guidance in the life. The researcher realizes that there are many people who give their support, prayer and encouragement sincerely to help the researcher completing this thesis. Therefore, the researcher would like to thanks and highest appreciation to all them.

Firstly, the researcher gives special gratitude to her beloved father,

Sumara‘ Dg. Nai and her beloved mother, Salamang Dg. Ratang, for all their prayers, supports and eternally affection as the biggest influence in her success and happy life. Thanks to her lovely brothers, Aby Mayu Salam and Mursalim

(the late), thanks to her lovely sister Musdalifa for the happy and colorful life.

Secondly, the grateful is addressed to The Rector of Islamic State

University of Alauddin Makassar, Prof. Dr. Musafir Pabbabari, M.Si, The Dean of

Adab and Humanities Faculty Dr. H. Barsihannor, M.Ag, the vices dean of Adab and Humanities Faculty Dr. Abd Rahman. R, M.Ag, Dr. Hj. Syamzan Sykur,

M.Ag, and Dr. Abd. Muin, M.Hum.

Thirdly, the researcher‘s gratitude due to The Head and Secretary of

English and Literature Department, H. Muh. Nur Akbar Rasyid, M.Pd., M.Ed.,

Ph.D and Syahruni Junaid, S.S., M.Pd for their suggestions, helps and supports administratively.

Then, the researcher‘s deepest gratitude is sent to her honorable supervisors, Syahruni Junaid. S.S. M.Pd as first supervisor and Nasrum. S.Pd.,

M.A as her second supervisor, there had made so much times guided, gave correction and advised her during completing this thesis. Her big thanks are also addressed to her first examiners, Dr. Abd. Muin. M.Hum and her second examiner

Masykur Rauf. S.Hum., M.Pd. for all their advices, criticisms, suggestions in proposal seminar to make this thesis better.

The greatest thanks to all lecturers of English and Literature Department and the administration staffs of Adab and Humanities Faculty UIN Alauddin

Makassar who have given their contribution, helps, guidance and very useful knowledge, during the years of her study.

Then, my deepest appreciation individually and collectively thanks to all students of English and Literature Department Academic Year 2012. Specially, to her friends, in Ag 3.4, Nurhayati. S.Hum, Ika Fitriani. S.Hum, Marwah Wahyuni.

S.Hum, Ekawati, Suci Rahmayani S.Hum, Syalmiah Salleng, Masriah Pakku.

S.Hum, Susanti Dahlan. S.Hum, Try Fahmi Umar. S.Hum, Rahmatiah, Ella

Asfira, Nur Amriani, Wiwi Andriani. S.Hum, Irwan S.E, Wahyu, Ambran, Taufiq, and Azis and other friends of Ag 1.2 and Ag 5.6 that contributed supports, helps, ideas and suggestion during accomplishing this thesis.

vii

Then, in the deepest heart, the researcher realizes that her thesis is imperfect and still need suggestions and criticism. Despite of its imperfection, she expects that this thesis will be useful for the students, the lecturers and the readers in general who need it. May Allah SWT always bless us in every single thing we do.

Romangpolong, November, 26th 2016

Hariana

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LIST OF CONTENTS

COVER ...... i PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN SKRIPSI...... ii PERSETUJUAN PEMBIMBING...... iii APPROVAL SHEET ...... iv PENGESAHAN SKRIPSI...... v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...... vi LIST OF CONTENTS ...... ix ABSTRACT ...... xi

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. Background ...... 1 B. Research Questions ...... 4 C. Objective of Research ...... 4 D. Significances of Research ...... 4 E. Scope of Research ...... 4

CHAPTER IIREVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

A. Previous Findings ...... 5 B. Pertinent Ideas ...... 7 1. Non-Verbal Communication ...... 7 2. Gesture ...... 12 3. American Gesture...... 17 4. Responses of Gesture ...... 21 5. Synopsis of Carrie Film ...... 25

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

A. Research Method ...... 28 B. Data Source ...... 28 C. Research Instrument ...... 29 D. Data Collecting Procedures ...... 29

E. Data Analyzing Technique ...... 30

CHAPTER IV FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS

A. Findings ...... 31 B. Discussions ...... 51

CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

A. Conclusions ...... 70 B. Suggestions ...... 71

BIBLIOGRAPHY ...... 72

APPENDICES...... 75

BIOGRAPHY……………………………………………………………….. 80

x xi

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION This chapter presents the background, Problem Statement, objectives of the research, significance of research, and scope of research.

A. Background

Human is a social creature that has the need to communicate with others.

Communication is defined as a process by which we assign and convey meanings

in an attempt to create shared understanding; both the speaker and hearer should

hold to general rules or principles and thereby use certain strategies (Knapp,

1978:25).

Language is means of communication hence it plays an important role in

human life. Taylor (1990:5) in his journal defines language as a system of sign

(e.g. speech sound, hand gestures, letters) use to communicate messages. Hill

(1958: 9) describes language as the primary and most highly elaborated form of

human symbolic activity. Its symbol is made up of sounds produced by the vocal

apparatus, and they are arranged in classes and patterns which make up a

complex and symmetrical structure.

According to Samovar in Wang‘s journal (2009:155)―Non-verbal

communication involves all those nonverbal stimuli in a communication setting

that are generated by both the source and his or her use of the environment and

that has potential message value for the source or receiver.‖ The definition is

consistent with current thinking in the field and reflects the cultural orientation; it

can not only mark the boundaries of non-verbal communication, but also reflects how the process actually works.

According to Toastmasters and McNeill (2011:8), gesture is a specific bodily movement that reinforces a verbal message or conveys a particular thought or emotion. Although gestures may be made with the head, shoulders, or even the legs and feet, most are made with the hands and arms. Some try to get them out of the way by putting them in their pockets or behind their backs. Others unconsciously relieve nervous tension by performing awkward, distracting movements. A few speakers over-gesture out of nervousness, waving their arms and hands wildly.

There are some kinds of gesture all of in the world, one of them are gestures in American culture, American people do not like too little space between themselves and their speaking partners and they do not like to touch or being touched while having conversation. They use the frequent gesture of shaking hands in greeting. They learn this gesture at a very young age and very often use it. While greeting or talking they look into their partner‘s eyes directly.

They often raise their arm and waggle it back and so forth. It is a sign of saying

―hello‖ or ―goodbye‖ or if they want to get someone‘s attention. They do the same by raising their index finger with a curling motion and it tells the other to come closer. If we see Americans who form a circle with their thumb and index finger, they refer to something good, this signal means ―OK,‖ ―yes‖ or ―fine‖.

Non-verbal communication in film is a matter that cannot be separated. It relates to verbal communication and can manage the character in film, beside that it conveys emotional and relationship dimensions of massage for character in film. According to Drucker et al (199:156) if your voice and the facial expression you use, and you‘re accompanying hand gestures and body movements also are form of non-verbal cues. According to Hu (2006:48), film provides both audio and visual materials that help the students understand the language more easily.

Film is social media communication is formed by two senses, seeing and hearing, and materials that help the students understand the language. Furthermore, it has a story reflected by reality or just imagination of the director.

The writer is interested in analyzing Carrie‘s (2013) film because this film is applying more on non-verbal communication, especially of gesture. This film is talking about supernatural horror-thriller from the best writer in America. The main character if talk something or give expression always uses gesture to other characters. So, in Carrie film, there are many gestures that act by her. The research try to do research about gesture because is very important in your own life. Imagine how difficult communication will be if you cannot see the people with whom you are communicating, hear their voices, or sense their presence. So, the writer want to know what are the types used in Carrie film and how the effect of gesture used in Carrie film. Gesture is used also for social communication and very important to know, because if someone talks something to other usually uses gesture (Non-verbal communication).

B. Research Questions

Based on the research background above, the writer proposes two

research questions as follows:

1. What are the types of gesture that found in main character in the ―Carrie‖

film?

2. How are the gestures responded by other characters in the ―Carrie‖ film?

C. Objectives of Research

Based on the research questions above, the writer conclude a research

which aims at findings out the description of:

1. To find out are types of gesture that found in main character in Carrie

film.

2. To find out are the gesture responded by other characters in the Carrie

film.

D. Significance of Research

This research can be used as a reference to students who want to conduct

research with topic especially about American gesture. This research may give

information for readers or who want to increase their knowledge about the non-

verbal communication and especially of American gesture.

E. Scope of Research

The scope of this research only focuses on analyzing American gesture in

―Carrie‖ film. The Researcher defined the object only to types of gesture and how the gestures responded by other characters by using Toastmasters and McNeill theory (2011).

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE In this chapter, the researcher presents some previous findings, and some pertinent ideas.

A. Previous Findings

Wang (2009) in his journal is entitled, ―Nonverbal communication and the

effect on interpersonal communication‖. Interpersonal communication is

fulfilled through two forms: one is verbal behaviors, the other one is nonverbal

behaviors. Verbal communication is the most common and significant form of

communication. But it does not mean that can ignore the importance of nonverbal

communication. In interpersonal communication, many messages and meanings

are expressed through touch, eye contact and gaze, slight diversity of tone,

gesture and facial expressions with or without the help of verbal behaviors. We

often try to understand one‘s heart thoroughly and make important judgment and

decision to others according to nonverbal behaviors. So, the study of nonverbal

communication and the effect on interpersonal communication has great practical

significance.

Muammar (2015) in his thesis entitled, ―Inter-Culture Non-Verbal

Communication Strategies in Indonesian and Thailand Students’ interaction”.

The objectives of the research are finding out the description of (1) the kinds of

non-verbal communication strategies that used among Indonesian and Thailand

students when communicate and (2) how do the Indonesian and Thailand

students communicate in the non-verbal communication. The researcher used the

method of quantitative method. The data were analyzed in four stages, identifying the students of Indonesian and Thailand non-verbal communication in each their interaction, listing according to each kinds of non-verbal communication Emblems (Gesture), Eye Contact, Facial Expression, Haptics

(Touch), and Posture), identifying the non-verbal communication through questionnaire, and analyzing it into percentage technique.

Therefore, the researcher finds out the similarity and difference between those previous researches and this research. The similarity between these previous researches and this research are Non-verbal discussion and method.

While differences of the first researcher focused on analyzing Non-verbal communication and the effect on interpersonal communication, the second focused on Inter-culture Non-verbal communication strategies in Indonesia and

Thailand students‘ interaction, but how they act each other and how the follow the rules that govern the behavior of covert community members. This research is focused on analyzing about Gesture of main character as seen in ―Carrie‖ (2013) film.

B. Pertinent Ideas

1. Non-Verbal Communication

a. Definition of Non-verbal Communication

Samovar in Wang, (2009:155) he said ―Non-verbal communication involves all those non-verbal stimuli in a communication setting that are generated by both the source and his or her use of the environment and that have potential message value for the source or receiver.‖ The definition is consistent with current thinking in the field and reflects the cultural orientation; it can not only mark the boundaries of non-verbal communication, but also reflects how the process actually works.

According to Anjali and Emmanuel in his journal, (2015:47-49) The Non- verbal communication is conveying of emotions, feelings, and messages through actions and expressions rather than words. In our daily life the Non-verbal communication and the verbal communication go hand in hand. In fact sometimes it is our expressions and body language that expresses our emotions better than words. Facial expressions are the most common way of non-verbal communication. Non-verbal communication is the process of communication through sending and receiving wordless (mostly visual) cues between people.

Based on the definition of Non-verbal communication above, the researcher can conclude about it is communication that born from someone self, because there is stimulation when someone communicate, even so without voice

(non-verbal communication) have meaning itself and usually nonverbal

communication always together verbal communication (communication use the words) for give backing or lasing when communication.

b. Kinds of Non-verbal Communication

Ambady and Rosenthal Explains (1998:776), in non-verbal communication there are three channels of communication include facial expressions (Eye gaze), gestures, and vocal cues (Voice).

1) Facial Expressions

The face is one of the most expressive channels of communication,

particularly for expressing emotions. Emotional expression occurs

primarily through changes in the mouth, eyebrows, cheek and eye muscles,

pupil dilation, and the amount and direction of gaze, specific facial

expressions for specific emotions have been observed in variety of

different cultures, suggesting that facial expressions of emotion may be

universal. Facial expressions of happiness, anger, disgust, sadness, and

combined fear and surprise is readily communicated across cultures.

Facial expressions are highly personal and cultural. However, in

United States, many of the more obvious facial expression tend to be

interpreted in a similar manner.

Clark in Muammar (2015:24) he said, when we communicate each

other, kinds of facial expressions can be used by us such as happiness:

round eyes, smile, raised cheeks, sadness: raised inner eyebrows, pulling

down of outer lips, surprise: eyebrows raised, open mouth, anger: lower

eyebrow, intense stare, fear: slightly opened mouth, lip edges stretched

back horizontally, disgust: wrinkled nose, lowered eyelids and eyebrows,

raised upper lip.

2) Gestures

Gestures that clarify or supplement speech are called illustrators.

They help in communicating messages by giving a visual clarification. For

example, pointing to an object. Gestures that can replace speech and have

direct verbal meanings are called emblems. An example of North

American emblem would be the thumbs-up sign. Emblems vary

considerably across cultures.

A gesture is a movement of nay part of the body that reinforces

another message or acts as a substitute for speech. For instance, topping

the foot may suggest nervousness or impatience. Holding both hands

palm-up at shoulder level can mean ―who knows?‖ or ―I don‘t get it.‖ A

wink, a nod, a wave, or any other of a wide variety of movements can send

intentional or unintentional messages that affect communication. It is

important to note that gesture tend to be highly cultural in nature. For

example, in United States, a nod of the head usually indicates agreement

or consent. In parts of Greece, turkey, and some other countries, however,

nodding the head means ―no.‖

According to Syarif in Muammar (2015:22), when we

communicate each other, the kinds of gestures can be used by us such as

hand closing mouth when laugh, using index finger, rising palm, put palm

on the chest, put index finger on the chest, put hand on forehead,

scratching head, playing with nail, playing with button, put hand under

chin, stand and hold hand, sitting and one leg puts over knee, sitting and

hand lies on the hand, sit and put hand under chin, sit down while playing

her/his fingers, nodding, shaking hand, shrug the shoulder, down head.

3) Voice

The voice, also known as the paralinguistic channel, express

feelings and emotions through pitch, intonation, speed, rhythm, pitch

range, and volume.

a) Pitch: the highness or lowness of your voice.

b) Rate: how rapidly or slowly you speak.

c) Inflection: the variety or changes in pitch.

d) Volume: the loudness or softness of your voice.

e) Quality: the unique resonance of your voice, such as huskiness,

nasality, raspiness, or whininess.

f) Non word sounds: ―mmh,‖ ―huh,‖ ―ahh,‖ and the like, as well as

pauses or the absence of sound used for effect in speaking.

g) Pronunciation: whether or not you say a word correctly.

h) Articulation: whether or not your mouth, tongue, and teeth

coordinate to make a word understandable to others (such as a

lisp).

i) Enunciation: whether or not you combine pronunciation and

articulation to produce a word with clarity and distinction so that it

can be understood. A person who mumbles has an enunciation

problem.

j) Silence: the lack of sound.

These vocal cues are important because they are linked in our

minds with a speaker‘s physical characteristics, emotional state,

personality characteristics, gender characteristics, and even credibility.

Armstrong et al describes (1995:777), although the channels are described here separately, information from these channels is rapidly integrated to form and convey distinct impressions. For example, a smile, direct gaze, a forward learn, and a warm vocal tone all taken together convey interest and liking. However, direct gaze and a forward lean, without the smile and warm tone, taken together might convey dominance or intimidation.

Based on explanation above, in Non-verbal communication there are three channels of communication are facial expression, gesture and vocal cues (Voice) by Ambady and Rosenthal (1998:776), but this research only focus on types of non-verbal communication is gesture.

2. Gesture

a. Definition of Gesture

Toastmasters and McNeill (2011:8), Gesture is a specific bodily movement that reinforces a verbal message or conveys a particular thought or emotion. Although gestures may be made with the head, shoulders, or even the legs and feet, most are made with the hands and arms. Your hands can be

marvelous tools of communication when you speak. But many inexperienced speakers are unsure what to do with their hands. Some try to get them out of the way by putting them in their pockets or behind their backs. Others unconsciously relieve nervous tension by performing awkward, distracting movements. A few speakers over-gesture out of nervousness, waving their arms and hands wildly.

Darwin (1872:389), he said and posts the question: Why do our facial expressions of emotions take the particular forms they do? Why do we wrinkle our nose when we are disgusted, bare our teeth and narrow our eyes when enraged, and stare wide-eyed when we are transfixed by fear? Darwin's answer was that we do these things primarily because they are vestiges of serviceable associated habits — behaviors that earlier in our evolutionary history had specific and direct functions. For a species that attacked by biting, baring the teeth was a necessary prelude to an assault; wrinkling the nose reduced the inhalation of foul odors; and so forth.

b. Why Gestures?

McNeill (2011:8), all good speakers use gestures. Why? Gestures are probably the most evocative form of nonverbal communication a speaker can employ. No other kind of physical action can enhance your speeches in as many ways as gestures. They:

1) Clarify and support your words. Gestures strengthen the audience‘s

understanding of your verbal message.

2) Dramatize your ideas. Together with what you say, gestures help paint

vivid pictures in your listeners‘ minds.

3) Lend emphasis and vitality to the spoken word. Gestures convey your

feelings and attitudes more clearly than what you say.

4) Help dissipate nervous tension. Purposeful gestures are a good outlet for

the nervous energy inherent in a speaking situation.

5) Function as visual aids. Gestures enhance audience attentiveness and

retention.

6) Stimulate audience participation. Gestures help you indicate the response

you seek from your listeners.

7) Are highly visible. Gestures provide visual support when you address a

large number of people and the entire audience may not see your eyes.

c. Kinds of Gesture in the world.

Liddell (2003:32-40) said, gestures are a way communicating with

others and conveying your feelings. These gestures are most helpful when

one is speaking to someone with no language on common.

Capistrano (2014:12), gestures are forms of non-verbal

communication can involve movements of the face, hands and other body

parts. Gestures are mentioned, culture-specific and can convey different

meanings in another country. There are some kinds of gesture used around

the world and their meaning.

1) The Ok or A-ok

In Australia, United States and Canada ―The Ok or A-ok‖, made by connecting the forefinger and thumb in a circle while holding the other three fingers straight, it means ok or indicates satisfaction. But in Brazil, if the gesture is turned upside down, it is the equivalent of doing the bird or the one finger salute. In Americans who form a circle with their thumb and index finger, they refer to something good.

2) Le Camembert or blah-blahs

In Australia, United States and Canada ―Le Camembert or blah- blahs‖, the fingers are kept straight and together, held upwards or horizontal while the thumb is lower than the other fingers. The thumb and

the fingers snap together, suggesting a mouth talking, it indicates that someone is talking too much or gossiping. But in France, closing the fingers and the thumb simply means ―shut up‖.

3) The Cuckoo Sign, Loose Screw or a Circling Gesture

In North America, South East Asia and other parts of Europe ―The

Cuckoo Sign, Loose Screw or a Circling Gesture‖, this is a gesture signifying that the person is crazy or has lost their mind.

4) Facepalm

In Northern America, UK, Australia, The Philippines and in any country ―Facepalm‖ this non-verbal expression of frustration or

embarrassment made by raising the palm of the hand and making a

slapping sound to the face.

5) American Gesture

In America, the gesture for money is made by rubbing one‘s

fingers against one‘s palm, as seen here. Example: ‗I would like to go to

the movie with you, but I do not have any money.‘ In America, people

usually do not make the peace sign when they have their picture taken.

Beside In America and Japan, people make a special gesture to indicate a

telephone. Boys and men often lightly punch each other as a form of

greeting or to show friendship.

Based on explanation above about kinds of gesture are different and similarity between another countries. Australia, United State, Canada and Japan have some styles of gesture, but Italian and turkey have some different style with another country. But, the researcher only focused on American Gesture.

3. American Gestures

Toastmaster and McNeill describes (2011:9-11) defined four types of

American gesture including descriptive gesture, emphatic gesture, suggestive gesture, and prompting gesture.

a. Descriptive gestures

Descriptive gesture is clarifying or enhancing a verbal message.

They help the audience understand comparisons and contrasts from the

speaker, and visualize the size, shape, movement, location, function, and

number of objects. Often, descriptive gesture is iconic gestures accompany

words, as an effort to further illustrate the point that is being made. One

common example of this is the demonstration of how tall someone is, as

in, "he's about this height." You might make a gesture that adds a comedic

element to what is being said. An iconic gesture is often well understood

in a given culture. (Toastmaster and McNeill, 2011:9)

The concept was introduced by Birdwhistell (1970:245) some

gestures convey unconscious feelings or desires. These are considered

"Affect" gestures, relating to the emotions. Rubbing the eyes, touching the

hair, or covering the mouth, are affective. You may notice a child rubbing

her eyes when tired. Certain kinds of grooming, like stroking the hair, may

indicate a desire to be liked or noticed.

b. Emphatic gestures

Toastmaster and McNeill (2011:11), Emphatic gesture is

underscore what‘s being said. They indicate earnestness and conviction.

For example, a clenched fist suggests strong feeling, such as anger or

determination. Other than that the head is the body part that is often used

to assert (nodding movement) or reject (shake movement).

There are many emphatic gestures that we often encounter when

communicating with someone, such as the movement of the shoulder,

commonly used to signify the person‘s lack of interest in the interlocutor

(the movement of a shoulder shrug of tilt sideways). Sometimes a person

is also using his arms to express emotions or used because you want to

look more power (hips), crossed his arms because he wanted to show

displeasure, while it stretches the arms to express strong emotions. c. Suggestive gesture

Suggestive gestures are symbols of ideas and emotions. They help

a speaker create a desired mood or express a particular thought. An open

palm suggests giving or receiving, usually of an idea, while a shrug of the

shoulders indicates ignorance, perplexity, or irony. In American people

they often raise their arm and waggle it back and forth. It is sign of saying

―hello‖ or ―goodbye‖ or if they want to get someone‘s attention. They do

the same by raising their index finger with a curling motion and it tells the

other to come closer. When people press their palms together, rest their

head on the back of their hand, and close their eyes, it symbolizes

tiredness. (Toastmaster and McNeill, 2011:10).

Gabriele (2012:34) He said, Suggestive gesture is when someone

used hand rubbing or rubbing both hands together in front of the body,

indicates either that you feel cold or you are expecting or anticipating

something. gestures can be used by us such as hand closing mouth when

laugh, using index finger, rising palm, put palm on the chest, put index

finger on the chest, put hand on forehead, scratching head, playing with

nail, playing with button, put hand under chin, stand and hold hand, sitting

and one leg puts over knee, sitting and hand lies on the hand, sit and put

hand under chin, sit down while playing her/his fingers, nodding, shaking

hand, shrug the shoulder, down head. d. Prompting gestures

Prompting gesture is used to help evoke a desired response from

the audience. If you want listeners to raise their hands, applaud, or perform

some specific action, you will enhance the response by doing it yourself as

an example. Besides, if a speaker wants the audience to understand what

was being said then it should explain the material with movements that

correspond to his words and provide a more reassuring gaze, so that the

younger audience can understand and enthusiastically listened to what was

described by speakers (Toastmaster and McNeill, 2011:10)

Liddell describes (2003:48), the most frequently used gestures

involve an open palm held outward toward the audience. The meaning of

these types of gesture depends on the position of the palm. Holding the

palm upward implies giving or receiving, although this gesture is

sometimes used as an unconscious movement, with no specific intended

meaning. A palm held downward can express suppression, secrecy,

completion, or stability. A palm held outward toward the audience

suggests halting, repulsion, negation, or abhorrence.

Therefore, Toastmaster and McNeill (2011:8), there are four types of gesture such as descriptive gesture, emphatic gesture, suggestive gesture and prompting gesture. Every types of gesture, explain about how ways gesture responded by audience.

4. Response of American Gesture

Toastmaster and McNeill (2011:8) defined four response of American gesture included response of descriptive gesture, response of emphatic gesture, response of suggestive gesture and response of prompting gesture.

a. Response of descriptive gesture

When a speaker fails to match gestures with words; the outcome

can be wooden, artificial, and sometimes comical. Descriptive gesture is

delineation of something from what the speaker said. Your visual and

verbal messages must act as partners in communicating the same thought

or feeling. Every gesture you make should be purposeful and reflective of

your words. In this way your listeners will note the effect rather than the

gesture. Make sure the vigor and frequency of your gestures are

appropriate for your words. Use strong, emphatic gestures only when

you‘re feeling for the message calls for them. (Toastmaster and McNeill

(2011:8))

Birdwhistell (1970:245), on occasion you may need to adapt your gestures to fit the size and nature of your audience, then the other people will respond with an alter adapter (motion that we express to the other, by wiping head as the sign of love or sympathy). As posture often shows the intention of somebody who stands or sits and leans to the interlocutor has various meaning, therefore, the enthusiasm in communication can be seen by the respond of interlocutor. For example, when somebody talks to other people by bowing, then juxtapose to her interlocutor, don not too often to use this position when get angry, it‘s better when stand up, so that the interlocutor will respond it directly uncomfortably, usually, they respond it by using hands and handling head like getting depression.

Generally speaking, the larger the audience, the broader and slower your gestures should be. Also keep in mind that young audiences are usually attracted to a speaker who uses vigorous gestures, but older, more conservative groups may feel irritated or threatened by a speaker whose physical actions are too powerful. Your gestures during a speech are also affected by the logistics of the speaking situation. When you speak from a physically confining position, you may be restricted from using broad, sweeping gestures. A common example of a confining speaking position is a head table, where people are seated close to the speaker. (David,

2004:76)

b. Response of emphatic gesture

Drucker describes (1985: 155) Emphatic gesture it is important to

note that gestures tend to be highly cultural in nature. For example in

America, a nod of the head usually indicates agreement or consistent. In

parts of Greece, Turkey, and some other countries, however nodding the

head means ―No‖. Emphatic gesture is confirmation from the speaker.

When you speak, you should be totally involved in communicating- not in

thinking about your hands. Your gestures need to be motivated by the

content of your presentation or communication. By immersing yourself in

your subject matter, you will create the conditions that will enable you to

respond naturally with appropriate gesture.

Your gestures should be lively and distinct if they‘re to convey the

intended impression. A gesture performed in a half-hearted manner

suggests that the speaker lacks conviction and earnestness. Every hand

gesture should be a total body movement that starts from the shoulder –

never from the elbow. Move your entire arm outward from your body

freely and easily. Keep your wrists and fingers supple, rather than stiff or

tense. Effective gestures are vigorous enough to be convincing, yet slow

enough and broad enough to be clearly visible. Your gestures should be

distinct but not jerky, and they should never follow a set pattern (Liddell,

2003:48).

c. Response of suggestive gesture

Toastmaster and McNeill (2011:10), Sense of suggestive gestures

are symbols of ideas and emotions. They help a speaker create a desired

mood or express a particular thought. An open palm suggests giving or

receiving, usually of an idea, while a shrug of the shoulders indicates

ignorance, perplexity, or irony.

We know that if in American people they can express a goal,

victory or surrender with upraised arms and disagree with folded arms as

symbols. If they are angry or impatient, they stand with hand of the hips

bowed outward but they applaud if they appreciate something or praise. It

is also when the speaker presenting the material they need props. But it

can be manipulated to show the movements of the gesture. Submit

material, related to the course or ideas, while both of these are abstract

objects and personal. For example, a teacher thumbs to their students, as it

is a symbol that the teacher gives praise or approbation with her students.

(Gabriele, 2012:34).

d. Response of prompting gesture

The ideas of Toastmaster and McNeill (2011: 9-11) Prompting

gesture can help the audience to response what the speaker said. If you

want listeners to raise their hands, applaud, or perform some specific

action, you‘ll enhance the response by doing it yourself as an example.

Liddell (2003:48), when you present a speech, you naturally

express yourself though gestures. No matter what our personality or

cultural background may be every one of us has a natural impulse to

punctuate and strengthen our words with gestures. The trick is not to

suppress that impulse by retreating behind a mask of impassiveness; this

can only create a buildup of tension. At the same time, don‘t get gestures

out of a book or from another speaker. Be genuinely and spontaneously

yourself. If you impose artificial gestures onto your natural style, your

audience will sense it and label you a phony. Some people are naturally

animated, while others are naturally reserved. If you naturally use your

hands freely when you converse informally, use them freely when you

give a speech. If you‘re by nature a reserved, low-key person, don‘t

change your personality just to suit public speaking situations.

5. Synopsis of Carrie Film

Carrie is 2013 American supernatural horror film, Starring Chloe Grace

Moretz as the main character, Carrie White, the film Carrie (2013), directed by

Kimberly Pierce which is adapted from a Stephen King horror novel of the same name, begins with the birth story of Carrie from a very religious woman named

Margaret White. (Internet Movie Database)

Alone in her home, Margaret White a religious, yet disturbed woman, gives birth to a baby girl, intending to kill the infant but changes her mind. Years later, her daughter Carrie, a shy, unassertive girl, nears her graduation from Ewan

High School in Maine. Conflict of the film, when Carrie takes a shower, she experiences her first menstrual period. She naively thinks she is bleeding to death. The other girls ridicule her, and longtime bully Chris Hargensen records

the event on her smartphone and uploads it to YouTube. Gym teacher Miss

Desjardin comforts Carrie and sends her home with Margaret, who believes menstruation, is a sin. Margaret demands that Carrie abstain from showering with the others. When Carrie refuses, Margaret hits her with a Bible and locks her in her "prayer closet". As Carrie screams to be let out, a crack appears on the door, and the crucifix in the closet begins to bleed.

Carrie learns that she has telekinesis, the ability to move things with her mind. She researches her abilities, learning to harness them. Sue Snell regrets teasing Carrie in the shower room and attempts to make amends by asking her boyfriend, Tommy Ross, to take Carrie to the prom. Carrie accepts Tommy's invitation. When she tells her mother, Margaret forbids Carrie to attend. Asking her mother to relent, Carrie manifests her telekinesis. Margaret believes this power comes from the Devil and is proof that Carrie has been corrupted by sin.

(m.sparknotes.com)

Chris, her boyfriend Billy Nolan, and his friends plan revenge on Carrie.

They kill a pig and drain its blood into a bucket. Margaret tries to prevent Carrie from going to the prom, but Carrie telekinetically locks her mother in the closet.

At the prom, Carrie is nervous and shy, but Tommy kindly puts her at ease. As part of Chris and Billy's plan, Chris' friend, Tina Blake, slips fake ballots into the voting box, which name Carrie and Tommy prom queen and king.

Chris dumps the bucket of pig's blood onto Carrie and Tommy. Chris's shower video appears on large screens above the stage, inciting laughter from

some in the audience, until the bucket falls onto Tommy's head, killing him.

Enraged, Carrie takes her revenge telekinetically, killing several of the students and staff (except for Miss Desjardin) including Tina and Heather, another girl who bullied Carrie. A fire breaks out and, as the school burns to the ground,

Carrie walks away, leaving a trail of fire and destruction in her wake. Chris and

Billy attempt to flee in Billy's car. Chris urges Billy to run Carrie over, but Carrie flips the car into a gas station, setting the place on fire, and killing them.

Carrie arrives home and she and Margaret embrace. Margaret tells Carrie about the night of Carrie's conception. After having shared a bed platonically with her husband, they yielded to temptation one night and, after praying for strength, Carrie's father "took" Margaret, who enjoyed the experience. Margaret attacks Carrie, who attempts to flee but kills her with several sharp tools. She becomes hysterical and makes stones rain from the sky to crush the house. When

Sue arrives, a furious Carrie grabs her with her powers, but senses something inside Sue, and tells her that her baby is a girl. Carrie pushes a stunned Sue out of the house to safety as the house collapses and apparently kills the Whites.

(IMDB).

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY This chapter explains about how to use methodology of the research.

There are five parts that included in this chapter; Method of the research, source of data, instrument of the research, procedures of collecting data, and technique of data analysis.

A. Research Method

This research used descriptive qualitative method. According to Moleong

(2005:3), qualitative research is a research which does not deal with numbers but in written and oral words from the object of the study, so that the researcher concludes that this study is as a descriptive qualitative research. According to

Endraswara (2011:5) descriptive qualitative method is the method in research that is described in words form of picture if necessary, not the numerals. This research it aims to describe about types of American gesture that found in ―Carrie‖ film and how are the gestures responded by other characters in ―Carrie‖ film.

B. Data Source

The researcher took the data from ―Carrie‖ (2013) film which is director by Kimberly Ane Peirce. Where the film has one hour forty minutes fifty six seconds duration, the researcher looked for gesture the act in the ―Carrie‖ (2013) film.

C. Research Instrument

The researcher used note taking as instrument on this research is to

collect the data. Note taking is a method assembling data required by using

note cards to write down the data findings from source of data (Ray in

Syarifuddin, 2014:16). In order to find the data easily, the researcher made

some notes to classify the important units or part of film that related to the

problem and objective of the research.

D. Data Collecting Procedures

In other to collect data, the researcher conducts the following procedures of collecting data:

1. The researcher watched ―Carrie‖ (2013) film by using computer

2. The researcher identified types of gesture and how are the gestures

responded by other characters in ―Carrie‖ film by Kimberly Peirce.

3. The researcher took note cards; there are two cards namely white card

and yellow card. White card for meaning of types of gesture and yellow

card for how are the gestures responded by other characters.

4. The researcher classified the data with the American gesture by

Toastmasters and McNeill theory (2011).

E. Data Analysis Technique

In this section, techniques of data analysis used content analysis technique that includes identification, analysis and description. The researcher analyzed the data which contain types of American gesture and how are the gestures responded by other characters by using Toastmasters and McNeill‘s (2011) theory.

Furthermore, the researcher drawed conclusion and rechecked it whether the conclusion appropriate enough to answer the research questions or not.

CHAPTER IV

FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS

This chapter provided findings and discussions. The researcher presented further information about types of American gesture and the gestures responded by other characters in Carrie 2013 film.

The categorized data were based on Toastmaster and McNeill (2011) about American gesture. Furthermore, it discussed about the research question, to find out the types of gesture that found in main character in Carrie film and how the gesture are responded by other characters in the Carrie (2013) film.

A. Findings

1. Types of American Gesture

This part presented the data analysis about types of American gesture and how gesture responded by other characters which are being reflected of Carrie

(2013) film based on Toastmaster and McNeill theory. Toastmaster and McNeill theory explained about American gesture. There are four types of American gesture such as descriptive gesture, emphatic gesture, suggestive gesture, and prompting gesture.

Based on the theory, the researcher found about types of American gesture those formulated as follow:

a. Descriptive Gesture

1) For explain their emotions, sometimes used hand touching hair

(movement) when felt confused.

Extract 1 (00:10:16)

This scene showed, one day Carrie first got menstruation. Carrie‘s teacher asked to explain what she had experienced just now, but Carrie could not explain, she just kept silent, while touching her hair alone indicates that she was confused and frightened what had happened to her.

Extract 2 (00:49:38)

This scene Margaret forbade Carrie to go to the prom, because Margaret felt coming to the prom is a deed sin. Carrie disagreed with her mother's

orders with just holding her head or hair; it signifies that Carrie was annoyed, because stress was not authorized by her mother.

2) Visualize the size, shape, movement, location and function, and relating to

the emotions is rubbing the eyes when tired or sleepy.

Extract 3 (01:25:00)

These scenes, Carrie back to her house, after her friends shed the blood to

Carrie‘s body. Carrie went to the bathroom for taking a shower, while her taking a shower she rubbing her eyes because she felt so sad and regret came to a prom.

3) Covering the mouth for expression their emotions

Extract 4 (00:18:43)

This Scene Carrie in pent up in small room forgiveness to her God, but

Carrie could not speak and just only closed her mouth with both hands as evidence that she was praying because they felt had done nothing wrong.

b. Emphatic Gesture

There were some characteristics of emphatic gesture like:

1) A clenched or open their finger first suggests strong feeling, such as anger

determination.

Extract 5 (00:37:10)

These scenes Carrie felt embittered with herself, so Carrie tried her power

(telekinesis) by using her hands for raising the entire book in the bedroom.

2) Stretches the arms to express strong emotions.

Extract 6 (00:50:03)

This Scene Margaret prohibited Carrie to go to prom. So Carrie with her mother fights because no one wanted to budge. Carrie was making her mother surprise with using the strength. She used her hands to lift her mother to look stronger.

3) Crossed their arms or raise their arms for expressing their emotions and

looked strong.

Extract 7 (01:16:33)

In this scene Chris dumped the bucket of pig's blood onto Carrie and Tommy.

Chris's shower video appeared on large screens above the stage. Carrie's body had been filled with pig blood and she looked very angry, and she raised both hands in order to look strong and to repay her friends at the party by destroying the whole room by simply using the power she had through her hands.

4) The head used to assert (nodding movement) or rejected (shake

movement), Movement of the shoulder.

Extract 8 (00:11:54)

In this scene, the head of school call up her mother for asking what Carrie experienced. Carrie surprised and looked angry, she disagreed if her teacher called up her mother, but Carrie could not say what she felt, she only used her head for rejecting (shake movement) what her teacher said.

c. Suggestive Gesture

In suggestive gesture there are some characteristics such as:

1) Press their palm together in front of the body because afraid of something

or anticipating something around her.

Extract 9 (00:06:50)

This scene after Carrie follow the subject sport, she then went to bathroom.

Carrie never felt confident when she walked, because she felt different from her friends. So that, she crossed her arms because she expected or anticipated something.

Extract 10 (00:12:00)

In this scene, it showed that Carrie felt frightened with her experience, if

Carrie asked by her teacher, she just stopped and grabbed her arm; it signified that Carrie anticipated with something.

2) Symbol of idea and emotions, Put palm on the chest, Put hand on the

forehead and scratching head.

Extract 11 (00:18:49)

This scene Margaret asked Carrie to come into the little room, when Carrie was inside, her mother locked the door from the outside and asked Carrie to sorry to her God, but Carrie felt very frightened in the small room and just put her hand on her forehead because it was unable to say anything.

3) Playing with nail or sit down while playing her/his fingers.

Extract 12 (00:40:10)

In this scene, Carrie was in the canteen and suddenly Tommy came and made Carrie is surprised and then when Tommy spoke to Carry, but Carrie was keep silent and she was playing with her fingers.

4) Sitting and one leg put over knee.

Extract 13 (01:25:12)

In this extract Chris dumped the bucket of pig's blood onto Carrie and

Tommy. Carrie remembered the events in prom, so she feel so sad and kept crying and hugging her knees to regret her act because she did not listen what her mother said, and the gesture showed by Carrie indicate with suggestive gesture.

d. Prompting Gesture

Prompting gesture if a speaker wants the audience understand what

was being said, they must doing it yourself as an example.

Extract 14 (01:26:58)

In this scene showed Carrie wants her mother understand what she wants, so Carrie ask to her mother to sorry to their god because they felt had sinned greatly. So Margaret agreed to pray with her daughter.

Toastmaster and McNeill‘s (2011) theory, they defines four types of

American gesture, they are descriptive gesture, emphatic gesture, suggestive

gesture and prompting gesture. Based on the findings, the researcher founded every types of American gesture in Carrie (2013) film. They are descriptive gesture, which is shows when Carrie could not explain what she experience, and she only kept silent, while touching her hair, indicates that she was confused and frightened what had happened to her. Emphatic gestures which is shows one of extract when Carrie raised both hands in order to look strong and repay her friends at the party by destroying the whole room by simply using the power she had through her hands. Suggestive gesture which is shows Carrie felt anticipation and shy with Tommy who has invitation to prom, and she just stroking her arm trying to eliminate anxiety. The last is Prompting gesture when Carrie wants her mother understand what she wants, so Carrie ask to her mother to sorry to their god because they felt had sinned greatly. All of the extract that showed by main character.

2. Response of American Gesture

Toastmaster and McNeill (2011:10) theory, explained about American gesture. There are four responses of American gestures, such as response of descriptive gesture, response of emphatic gesture, response of suggestive gesture, response of prompting gesture.

Based on the theory, the researcher found about response of American gesture those were formulated as follow

a. Response of Descriptive Gesture

Based on the theory in there are some responses of descriptive gesture

such as:

1) On occasion you may need to adapt your gesture to fit the size and

nature of your audience and your audience will respond with an alter

adapter (a move that‘s passed on to others by rubbing the head as a

sign of affection).

Extract 15 (00:22:41)

This scene Margaret asks to Carrie for into the little room to sorry to

God. Because Margaret is a religion and regard as take a shower with friends it is sin. She stroking Carrie’s head and back, because Margaret very lovely to

Carrie and Carrie also listen what Margaret said.

Extract 16 (01:25:48)

This scene Margaret has known about the incident that will happen to

Carrie in the prom. Carrie said to her mother, she regretted because she did not listen to her mother. Margaret was apprehensive about Carrie, Margaret tried to make Carrie keep calm while stroke Carrie’s hair because she lovely with her daughter.

2) Every gesture you make should be purposeful and reflective of your

words, so in this way your listeners will note the effect rather than the

gesture.

Extract 17 (00:49:49)

This scene when Carrie asked permission to her mother to go to the prom, but her mother prohibited Carrie to go to the prom. Carrie was angry to her mother and she looked strong and Carrie took her power supernatural

(telekinesis), and all of furniture are around her was flying and one of the things was her mother. She raised her mother with her supernatural power, and Margaret said to Carrie ―You‘re witch‖. So Margaret raised both her hands her hands to sorry to her god about what her daughter has done to her.

3) A speaker must pay attention to personal distance to the interlocutor,

as it would lead to diverse interpretations. For example, if person

speaks with bent position and brought his face close to her interlocutor

will be responded with discomfort and will look confused or frustrated.

Extract 18 (00:40:05)

In this scene, Carrie was in the canteen and red some books about telekinesis, suddenly Tommy came to Carrie and made Carrie was surprised.

Tommy told to Carrie that Tommy was looking for her in the library but he did not find her. So one of his friends said to Tommy that Carrie was in the Canteen.

And then Tommy asked to Carrie about Prom, but Tommy leaned over and put his face closer to Carrie, Carrie felt so uncomfortable.

b. Response of Suggestive Gesture

1) If they angry with someone sometimes used their hands for expression

their emotions.

Extract 19 (00:57:41)

This scene Margaret (Carrie‘s mother) asked to Carrie to takeoff her dress and did not come to the prom. Margaret said that came to prom was a deep sin.

Carrie did not care about what her mother said, and made her mother was angry.

When Margaret was angry and she beat her own face, because she regretted that could not daughter to become a better person.

2) Respond of American people, they can express a goal, victory

surrender with upraised arms and disagree with folded arms as

symbols and then if someone agree or applaud with the speaker they

appreciate with claps their hands.

Extract 20 (01:11:40)

This Scene showed the atmosphere in the prom. Carrie and Tommy became the lucky couple because they got an opportunity to be a king and queen in the prom. Carrie and Tommy were invited by their friends to come forward to stand up in front of the audiences. So they clapped their hands because they agreed or glad with Carrie and Tommy became the King and Queen.

Extract 21 (01:11:38)

This scene showed that all of the people in the prom clapped their hands because they agreed with Tommy and Carrie become King and Queen.

c. Response of Prompting gesture

Prompting gesture is can help the audience to response what the

speaker said. If you want listeners to raise their hand, applaud or perform

some specific action, you will enhance the response by doing it yourself as

an example.

Extract 22 (01:26:58)

In this scene showed Carrie asked to her mother to sorry to their God because they felt had sinned greatly. So Margaret agreed to pray with her daughter (Carrie).

Toastmaster and McNeill (2014) theory defined four responses of

American gesture; they are response of descriptive gesture, response of emphatic gesture, response of suggestive gesture, and response of prompting gesture. Based on the findings, the researcher found only three responses of American gesture that showed in Carrie (2013) film. They are response of descriptive gesture was showed when Carrie feel frightened and look confused, response of Miss

Desjardin was understands what Carrie felt, so she always tried for made Carrie calm and explained what Carrie experienced while stroke Carrie‘s back. Response of suggestive gesture was showed Carrie and Tommy invited by their friends to come forward for stand up in front of the audience. So they clap their hands because they agreed with Carrie and Tommy became the King and Queen. And the last is responses of prompting gesture was showed Carrie asked to her mother

to sorry to their God because they felt had sinned greatly. So Margaret agreed to pray with her son (Carrie).

Gesture Description Data a. Descriptive gesture: It is showed by Carrie touch her hair she felt 1) Touching the hair, confused and frightened stroking the hair what happened to her in Extract 1 and Extract 2 2) Visualize the size, It is showed when shape, movement, Carrie for taking a location and function or shower, she rubbing her rubbing the eyes eyes because she felt so sad and regret came to a prom in Extract 3 3) Covering the mouth It is showed by Carrie could not speak and just closed her mouth with both hands as evidence in Extract 4 b. Emphatic gesture: It is showed by Carrie, 1) A clenched or open she using her hands for 1. Types of American their finger raising the entire book Gesture in the bedroom in Extract 5 2) Stretches the arms Carrie used her hands with the strength to lift her mother for look stronger in Extract 6 3) Crossed their arms or Carrie raised both raise their arms hands in order to look strong and to repay her friends at the party by destroying the whole room with her power in Extract 7 4) The head used to assert It is showed when (nodding movement) or Carrie disagree with her rejected (shake teacher and she only movement) used her head for rejecting (shake movement) in Extract 8

c. Suggestive gesture: It is showed Carrie 1) Used hand rubbing or always crossed her rubbing both hands arms because she together in front of the expected or anticipated body, cross their hands. something in Extract 9 and Extract 10 2) Symbol of idea and It is showed by Carrie emotions, Put palm on when she felt very the chest, Put hand on frightened in the small the forehead and room and just put her scratching head. hand on her forehead in Extract 11 3) Playing with nail or sit When Carrie is down while playing surprised she was kept her/his fingers. silent and she was playing with her fingers in Extract 12 4) Sitting and one leg put It is showed by Carrie over knee. feel so sad and kept crying and hugging her knees to regret her act in Extract 13 d. Prompting gesture: It is showed by Carrie Prompting gesture if to ask her mother to a speaker wants the audience sorry to their God understand what was being because they felt had said, they must doing it sinned greatly in yourself as an example. Extract 14 a. Response of Descriptive It is showed by Gesture: Margaret response with 1) The speaker need to alter adapter, when she adapt your gesture to fit stroking Carrie‘s head the size and nature of and back, because 2. Response of your audience and your Margaret very lovely to American gesture audience will respond Carrie and Carrie also with an alter adapter (a listen what Margaret move that‘s passed on said in Extract 15, to others by rubbing the Extract 16 and Extract head as a sign of 17 affection)

2) If person speaks with It is showed by Tommy bent position and asked to Carrie about brought his face close to prom but Tommy her interlocutor will be leaned over and put his responded with face closer to Carrie, discomfort and will and Carrie felt so look confused or uncomfortable in frustrated Extract 18 b. Response of Suggestive It is showed by Gesture Margaret was angry and 1) Suggestive gesture is if she beat her own face, they angry or impatient because she regretted sometimes used their that could not daughter hands for expression to become a better their emotions or they person in Extract 19 stand with hand of the hips bowed outward. 2) Respond of American It is showed when people, they can express Carrie and Tommy a goal, victory surrender become King and with upraised arms and Queen all of the disagree with folded audience in the prom arms as symbols and clapped their hands then if someone agree or because they agreed or applaud with the speaker glad with Carrie and they appreciate with Tommy in Extract 20 claps their hands. and Extract 21 c. Response of Prompting It showed by Margaret Gesture. response her daughter, Prompting gesture is she agreed to pray with can help the audience to daughter for pray to her response what the speaker God in Extract 22 said. If you want listeners to raise their hand, applaud or perform some specific action, you will enhance the response by doing it yourself as an example.

B. Discussion

This part, the researcher discussed the data analysis that had been found in

Carrie 2013 film. The researcher identified types of American gesture and how

gestures responses by other characters that showed in the film by using

Toastmaster and McNeill theory (2011) that explained about types and response

of American gesture. Types of American gesture are descriptive gesture,

emphatic gesture, suggestive gesture, and prompting gesture. Every types of

American gesture have the way of how gesture responded.

1. Types of American gesture

a. Descriptive gesture

Describes about descriptive gesture can help the people or audiences understand of comparisons and contrast from the speaker, like as movement.

Toastmaster and McNeill (2011:9) describes about descriptive gesture is iconic gestures accompany words. There were some indicators of descriptive gesture, such as:

1) For explaining their emotions, sometimes used hand touching hair

(movement) when felt confused.

It showed in Extract 12, people said Carrie was different from other children. Before, her mother never told what would happen to girls when growing up. One day, Carrie first got menstruation, Carrie very frightened to see the existing blood in her body, and she thought it would get made her menstruation die. She asked for help to her friends but her friend just laughed. Suddenly the

teacher came and took Carrie into the room of head school for calm her down and asked to explain what she had experienced just now, but Carrie could not explain, she just kept silent, touching her hair alone indicates that she was confused and frightened what had happened to her. From gesture was showed by Carrie, it is related with descriptive gesture.

In this Extract 2, Tommy invited Carrie to come a prom. Carrie received the invitation, because she wanted to prove that she was a normal child like as the others, but her mother forbade her to go to the prom, because her mother had been so traumatized by her past, so she scared it happening again to her daughter.

Because Margaret highly trusted and believed in God, she was always protective of her daughter (Carrie). Margaret felt coming to the prom was a deep sin, then

Margaret told Carrie's into a small room where pray that God asked to sorry for having had intended to come to the prom which was a place of sin. Carrie rejected her mother's orders with just holding her head or hair; it signifies that

Carrie was annoyed, because stress is not authorized by her mother.

From the extract above, the researcher found three extracts in the first indicator of descriptive gesture. Extract 1, the researcher found Carrie could not explain, she just kept silent, touching her hair alone indicates that she was confused and frightened what had happened to her. Extract 2, Carrie rejected her mother's orders with just holding her head or hair; it signified that Carrie was annoyed, because stress was not authorized by her mother. All the extract above that related with indicators of descriptive gesture, which touching the hair when felt confused or frustration for explains their emotions.

2) Visualize the size, shape, movement, location and function, and relating to

the emotions is rubbing the eyes when tired or sleepy.

It may be seen in Extract 3, these scenes, Carrie back to her house, after her friends made a success Carrie shy in front of people in a prom. Carrie expressed her emotions with used her supernatural power, for killed some of the students and staff in the prom, including Tina and Heather Samantha Weinstein, other girl who bullied Carrie, except for Miss Desjardin. After that Carrie arrived to her house and went to the bathroom for taking a shower, but while her taking a shower she rubbing her eyes because feel very so sad and regret come to a prom.

The gesture above was showed by Carrie is related with descriptive gesture.

From extract above that was founded when Carrie was taking a shower she rubbing her eyes because she felt very sad and regret come to a prom. It was related with Visualize function and relating to the emotions was rubbing the eyes when tired or sleepy that indicators of descriptive gesture by Toastmaster and

McNeill (2011) theory.

3) Covering the mouth for expression their emotions

It may be seen in Extract 4, Margaret began explain to Carrie about what she had experienced. Margaret also said that ―now you've become a real woman‖ and your deed it, like as taking a shower with your friends is an act that is hated by God, and can make you had lust-filled thoughts. Margaret was very frightened and kept asking for sorry to her God so that the sins of her daughter to forgive, so

Carrie in brackets in a small room, which is the place that made by her mother as

a place to pray to her God, as was being done sin. Carrie could not speak and just only close her mouth with both hands as evidence that she was praying because they felt had done nothing wrong. Descriptive gesture is clarifying or enhances a verbal message so that the people can easy to understand, and when we afraid of something sometimes we can‘t speak, but we just rubbing the eyes or covering the mouth with our hands.

Extract above, the researcher found was Carrie could not speak and just only closed her mouth with both hands as evidence that she was praying because they felt had done nothing wrong. It was related with third indicators covering the mouth for expression their emotions of descriptive gesture.

Therefore, Toastmaster and McNeill (2011:9), All of gesture above showed by Carrie it was related with descriptive gesture, because descriptive gesture is if someone communicate with other sometimes expression our emotions, like as rubbing the eyes, touching the hair or head, covering the mouth and also clarified the size, or meaning of the what he said, beside that we can easy to understand when we explain about something.

b. Emphatic Gesture

There are some characteristics of emphatic gesture by Toastmaster and

McNeill (2011:11), such as:

1) A clenched or open their finger first suggests strong feeling, such as

anger determination.

It was showed in Extract 5, Carrie felt embittered with her own, Carrie always go to library and look for information or material about supernatural or telekinesis. After that when Carrie arrived in her house she always tried her supernatural power (telekinesis) by used her hands for raising all of books in the bedroom because she embittered with her own. Gestures were showed by Carrie it was related with emphatic gesture because she always used her hands for look more power or strong.

From extract above, the researcher found that when Carrie used her hands for raising all of books in the bedroom. It was related with a clenched or open their finger first suggests strong feeling, such as anger determination, one of indicators of emphatic gesture.

2) Stretches the arms to express strong emotions.

It was showed in Extract 6, Carrie asked permission to her mother for attend to the prom, but Carrie did not get permission from her mother, so that

Carrie was annoyed to her mother. Because it has been received the invitation from her friends (Tommy Ross) and had been preparing a dress that will she wear to go to the prom. But Margaret hellbent prohibits Carrie to go to prom. So Carrie and her mother fight because no one wants to budge. Carrie was made her mother surprised with used supernatural power. She flung out her hands to lift her mother to look at stronger and Carrie thinks that go to the prom with her friend was better.

By Toastmaster and McNeill (2011:11) theory, which found Carrie was made her mother surprised and used the strength supernatural power. She used her hands to lift her mother to look stronger and Carrie thinks that go to the prom with her friend was better and beat her mother. It was related with indicator of emphatic gesture is stretches the arms to express strong emotions.

3) Crossed their arms or raise their arms for expression their emotions

and looks strong.

Extract 7, Carrie looks like very angry, because Chris dumped the bucket of pig's blood onto Carrie and Tommy. Chris showed video appears on large screens in the stage, it was made the audience laughed, until the bucket fallen onto

Tommy's head and killing him. Carrie's body had been filled with pig blood and she was looked very angry, and she raised her hands in order to look strong and repay her friends at the party by destroying the whole room by simply using the power she had through her hands. Enraged, Carrie took her revenge telekinesis, killed the students and staff (except for Miss Desjardin).

From extract above, the researcher found only an extract in the third indicator of emphatic gesture, it was related with crossed their arms or raise their arms to express their emotions and looks strong. Carrie's body had been filled with pig blood and she look like every angry, and she raised her hands in order to look strong and repay her friends at the party by destroying the whole room by simply using the power she had through her hands.

4) The head used to assert (nodding movement) or reject (shake

movement), Movement of the shoulder.

It may be seen in Extract 8, Head master called up her mother for asking what Carrie experienced. Carrie surprised and looked angry, she disagreed if her teacher called up her mother, but Carrie could not say what she felt, she only used her head for rejecting (shake movement) what her teacher said.

Therefore, the researcher found one extract in indicator of emphatic gesture, where Carrie does not agree if her teacher call up her mother and talk what happen to Carrie, so Carrie used her head to assert (nodding movement) or reject (shake movement), Movement of the shoulder.

From extract above, the researcher can conclude that there were five extract in emphatic gesture, the first indicator was found two extracts in the film, the second indicator only one that was showed by Carrie, the third indicator found there are two extract by Carrie, and the last indicator that found one extract. All of extract above, it related with emphatic gesture.

c. Suggestive Gesture

Toastmaster and McNeill (2011:10), suggestive gesture are symbols of ideas and emotions. The speaker sometimes used suggestive gesture if talked something with other. For example symbol is open palm suggests giving and receiving something. In suggestive gesture have some indicators such as:

1) Press their palm together in front of the body because afraid of

something or anticipating something around her.

It may be seen in Extract 9, Carrie has not friends in school, because people said that she was a different child, so that, when she followed the subject sport class, she just stood in the corner of the pool noticed other friends who play volleyball. After finished the subject sport class, she immediately to the bathroom.

Carrie never confident, when she walk alone, she never confident and felt different from the others. So she crosswise her arms because she expecting or anticipating something.

It was showed in Extract 10, Carrie is the first time experience menstruation, so Carrie very surprised looked her body, because her mother never told to Carrie about what will happen to Carrie if she has teenager. She felt that the blood would make it die. Carrie also asked for help from her friends, but her friends just laughed at her while they threw the pads and one of them made a video of what happened to Carrie. Suddenly Miss Desjardin comes and help

Carrie took into the head room to calm her down. Carrie felt frightened with her experienced, if Carrie asked by her teacher, she just stopped and grabbed her arm; it signifies that Carrie anticipation with something.

From extract above that showed by Carrie in Extract 9, Carrie crossed her arms because she expecting or anticipating something. Then Extract 10, Carrie just stopped and grabbed her arm; it signifies that Carrie anticipation with something. By Toastmaster and McNeill (2011) theory, It was related with the

first indicator of suggestive gesture is used hand rubbing or rubbing both hands together in front of the body, indicates either that you feel cold or you are expecting or anticipating something.

2) Symbol of idea and emotions, Put palm on the chest, Put hand on the

forehead and scratching head.

It is related in Extract 11, Carrie first menstruation, so she was very frightened, but his friends just laughed at her. Suddenly, sport teacher came and took Carrie to the head school office to be soothed. A few minute her mother called up to come to pick up Carrie. Margaret was very upset because it considers that Carrie had sinned with a bath with her friends at school. So Carrie instructed to immediately ask forgiveness from God for having done wrong. But Carrie rejects it. Margaret was forced Carrie to come into the room of her place to worship God. Once inside her mother locked the door from the outside and asks

Carrie to urgently pray for forgiveness, but Carrie felt very frightened in the small room with just put her hand on her forehead because it was unable to say anything. The gesture shows by Carrie was related with suggestive gesture by

Toastmaster and McNeill (2011) Gestures that showed by Carrie in Extract 13 it is related with suggestive gesture, because Carrie put her hand on her forehead because it was unable to say anything and it is that one of characteristics of suggestive gesture.

3) Playing with nail or sit down while playing her/his fingers.

It may be seen in Extract 12, Carrie was in the canteen and suddenly Tommy came and made Carrie was surprised and Tommy said to Carrie, he was looking for Carrie in library but she was not there, and then one of his friend said, Carrie in the canteen so Tommy went to canteen and found Carrie. Tommy asked to

Carrie about prom, Tommy asked Carrie came to the prom together, but Carrie just silent and playing with her fingers because she shy and has not confident.

From the extract above that showed by Carrie it was related with suggestive gesture. Because if someone playing with nail or fingers when someone talk with her it is suggestive gesture because has not confident.

4) Sitting and one leg put over knee.

It related in Extract 13, Carrie successfully humiliated by her friends.

Chris dumps the bucket of pig's blood onto Carrie and Tommy. Carrie also felt very upset by the incident, so Carrie took her supernatural power (telekinesis), killed all of students and staff including Tina and Heather, and other girl who bullied Carrie, except for Miss Desjardin. After killed her friends, she back to her house with a pool of blood. She soon to find her mother's room where she locked, but her mother does not there. Carrie crying looked her body with pig blood.

Carrie also felt very regret, because could not listen about what her mother said.

So she spent a lot of time in the bathroom to clean the blood in her body. Carrie remembers the events in prom, so she kept crying and hugging her knees to regret the act because it does not listened what her mother said. Because Carrie very

regret because cannot hear what her mother said, she kept crying and hugging her knees, and the gesture showed by Carrie indicate with suggestive gesture.

d. Prompting Gesture

Prompting gesture is can help the audience to response what the

speaker said. If you want listeners to raise their hand, applaud or perform

some specific action, you will enhance the response by doing it yourself as

an example.

It may be seen in Extract 14, when Carrie back to her house and looking for her mother. She wanted to talk about what she experienced in the prom. And also she wanted to sorry for her mother because she did not listen about what her mother said. After Carrie finished take a shower suddenly her mother come and hugging her daughter. Carrie asked to her mother sorry because she never hears about what mother said. Carrie also asked to her mother to sorry to their God and took her mother’s hands, and her mother be the preacher and Carrie be the congregation.

Therefore, Toastmaster and McNeill (2011) theory defined four types of

American gesture; they are descriptive gesture, emphatic gesture, suggestive gesture and prompting gesture. Based on the findings, the researcher found every types of American gesture in Carrie (2013) film. They are descriptive gesture, was showed when Carrie could not explain what she experience, and she only kept silent, while touching her hair, indicates that she was confused and frightened what had happened to her. Emphatic gestures was showed one of extract when

Carrie raised both hands in order to look strong and repay her friends at the party by destroying the whole room by simply using the power she had through her hands. And the last is suggestive gesture was showed Carrie felt anticipation and shy with Tommy who has invitation to prom, and she just stroking her arm trying to eliminate anxiety. And the last is prompting gesture where Carrie asked to her mother to sorry to their God because they felt had sinned greatly. So Margaret agreed to pray with her daughter (Carrie). All of the extract that showed by main character included four types of American gesture.

2) Response of American Gesture

a. Response of Descriptive Gesture

Toastmaster and McNeill (2011:10) there some indicators that included in response of descriptive gesture, such as:

1) On occasion you may need to adapt your gesture to fit the size and

nature of your audience and your audience will respond with an alter

adapter (a move that‘s passed on to others by rubbing the head as a

sign of affection).

It is may be seen in Extract 15, Margaret asked to Carrie for into the little room to sorry to her God. Because Margaret was a religion and regard as take a shower with friends it was deed sin. Margaret was coerced Carrie to sorry to their god. Carrie listened what her mother said, and into the little room. After that, Margaret open the door of little room, and met Carrie, she had to sorry to her

God. So, response of descriptive gesture is every gesture you make should be

purposeful and reflective of your word, and gesture responded that showed by

Margaret was she stroking Carrie’s head and back, because Carrie listen what

Margaret said, and it was indicated with response of descriptive gesture by alter adapter.

Extract 16, This scene appeared when Carrie back to her house, and looking for her mother in the little room, but her mother not there. So Carrie went to the bathroom for taken a bath and waited her mother came. After that Carrie met with her mother and talked everything what she felt and the incident in the prom. Before Carrie talked what she experienced, Margaret has known about the incident that will be happen to Carrie in the prom. Carrie said to her mother, she very regretted because cannot heared her mother. Margaret apprehensive to

Carrie, Margaret try to made Carrie calm while touch Carrie’s hair. Respond of

Margaret was indicated with Response of Descriptive gesture.

From the extract above, the researcher found there are three extracts in the first characteristics of response of descriptive gesture where on occasion you may need to adapt your gesture to fit the size and nature of your audience and your audience will response with an alter adapter (a move that‘s passed on to others by rubbing the head as a sign of affection). And the gesture showed by other character in extract above it was related with response of descriptive gesture.

2) Every gesture you make should be purposeful and reflective of your

words, so in this way your listeners will note the effect rather than the

gesture.

It may be seen in Extract 17, Carrie used strength and explicit gesture when she called up her mother. When Carrie asked permission to her mother to went to the prom, but her mother forbad Carrie for went to the prom. Carrie was angry to her mother and looked strong and Carrie took her supernatural power

(telekinesis), and all of furniture that around her was flying and one of the things was her mother. So her mother felt very afraid what happen just now. Margaret always prohibits Carrie to go, but Carrie must go to the prom, and she raising her mother with her supernatural power, and Margaret said to Carrie ―You‘re witch‖.

So Margaret used her hands in front of her chest to sorry to her god about what her daughter has done to her.

In extract above, response was showed by Margaret was response of descriptive gesture. Because Carrie angry to her mother so, Carrie raising her mother with her supernatural power, and from gesture by Carrie have purpose for made her mother afraid and got permissions, but response of Margaret said to

Carrie ―You‘re witch‖. So Margaret used her hands in front of her chest to sorry to her god about what her daughter has done to her. By Toastmaster and McNeill

(2011) theory, it was related with response of descriptive gesture.

3) A speaker must pay attention to personal distance to the interlocutor,

as it would lead to diverse interpretations. For example, if person

speaks with bent position and brought his face close to her interlocutor

will be responded with discomfort and will look confused or frustrated.

It shows in Extract 18, when Carrie in the canteen while reading some books about telekinesis, suddenly Tommy came and made Carrie surprised.

Tommy asked to Carrie about him looking her in the library but he cannot find her. So that‘s where they said Carrie in the Canteen. And then Tommy asked to

Carrie about Prom, but Tommy leaned over and put his face closer to Carrie,

Carrie felt so uncomfortable. It was related with respond of descriptive gesture.

All of gestures above showed by other characters it are related with response of descriptive gesture, because response of descriptive gesture is if someone need to adapt your gesture to fit the size and nature of your audience and your audience will respond with an alter adapter (a move that‘s passed on to others by rubbing the head as a sign of affection), then if every gesture you make should be purposeful and reflective of your words, so in this way your listeners will note the effect rather than the gesture, and then if someone speaks with bent position and brought his face close to her interlocutor will be responded with discomfort and will look confused or frustrated.

b. Response of Suggestive Gesture

In response of suggestive gesture are symbols of idea. If the audience disagreed or teacher between students, and the teacher ask to all of students about assignment but, the students forget about their assignment, spontaneities the students produced at the location forehead using the handshape. There are some characteristics of response of suggestive gesture by Toastmaster and McNeill

(2011), such as:

1) If they angry with someone sometimes used their hands for expression

their emotions.

It may be seen in Extract 19, Carrie prepared while wait Tommy for come to pick up her for went to prom. But Margaret (Carrie‘s mother) asked to Carrie for takeoff her dress and did not come to prom. Because Margaret said come to prom it was deed sin. Carrie does not care what her mother said, and made her mother angry. When Margaret angry she beat her face by herself, because she regrets cannot teach her son be better.

The respond of this scene include of responses of suggestive gesture because in the first characteristic is if someone angry or impatient sometimes used their hands for expression their emotions or they stand with hand of the hips bowed outward as symbol. From response of Margaret when she beat her own face it symbol when she angry.

2) Respond of American people, they can express a goal, victory

surrender with upraised arms and disagree with folded arms as

symbols and then if someone agree or applaud with the speaker they

appreciate with claps their hands.

Extract 20, we can saw that the atmosphere in the prom. Carrie and

Tommy become the lucky couple because they got opportunity be a King and

Queen in the prom. Carrie and Tommy invited by their friends to come forward for stand up in front of the audience. So they clap their hands because they agree with Carrie and Tommy becomes the King and Queen. Based on the gesture above

it was related with suggestive gesture, when they agreed their response with clap their hands.

Extract 21, showed when Carrie and Tommy in the Prom, and there are some agenda, one of them was dance. Tommy asked Carrie for dance with him but Carrie shy, because there are many people around her. After that the next agenda is all of people choose one couple for become King and queen. A few minutes name of Tommy and Carrie called by the Mc. So all of the people in the prom clap their hand because they agreed with Tommy and Carrie become King and Queen. it was indicated with respond of suggestive gesture.

All the extract above that showed by other characters it was included with response of suggestive gesture, which response of suggestive gesture is if they angry or impatient sometimes used their hands for expression their emotions or they stand with hand of the hips bowed outward as symbol, and then when they can express a goal, victory surrender with upraised arms and disagree with folded arms as symbols and then if someone agree or applaud with the speaker they appreciate with claps their hands.

c. Respond of Prompting Gesture

According to Toastmaster and McNeill (2011: 10) Prompting gesture is can help the audience to response what the speaker said. If you want listeners to raise their hand, applaud or perform some specific action, you will enhance the response by doing it yourself as an example.

It may be seen in Extract 22, showed when Carrie arrived to her house, she looking for her mother for tells all of experienced that happen with herself.

Carrie very regret because never hear what her mother said, Carrie went to the bathroom for take a bath while she wait her mother. Suddenly Carrie found her mother and tells all of that. After this Carrie asked to her mother forgiveness to their god because they felt had sinned greatly. So Margaret agreed to pray with her son (Carrie). It was related with respond of prompting gesture.

Therefore, from whole analysis above, the researcher found four types of

American gesture. They are descriptive, emphatic, suggestive and prompting.

Then three responses of American gesture, they are response of descriptive gesture, response of suggestive gesture, and response of prompting gesture was used by characters in the Carrie (2013) film. The researcher concluded that descriptive gesture and Suggestive gesture, mostly used by Main character in the

Carrie film. Responses of American gesture that mostly used by other characters are response of descriptive gesture and response of suggestive gesture. It was different from what Wang (2009) found of non-verbal communication, consisted of two forms: one is verbal behaviors, the other one is non-verbal behaviors in

Asian social. While the researcher only focused on non-verbal communication especially gesture.

The forms of interpersonal was found by previous researcher, Wang

(2009) found in non-verbal communication have some messages and meaning are expressed through touching, eye contacting and gazing, slighting diversity of tone with or without the help of verbal behaviors, Wang said the study of nonverbal

communication has great practical significance. While the researcher found more of nonverbal communication especially in American gesture, there are four types of American gesture are, descriptive gesture (Touching hair, stroking hair, rubbing the eyes, covering the mouth for expression their emotion). Emphatic gesture (a clenched or open their finger, crossed their arms or raise their arms, the head used to assert or rejected). Suggestive gesture (used hand rubbing or rubbing both hands together in front of the body, symbol of emotions, put palm on the chest, put hand on the forehead, playing with nail). The last prompting gesture (if a speaker wants the audience understand what was being said, they must do first as an example).

CHAPTER V

CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

This chapter delivers conclusions and suggestions based on findings of types of American gesture and how are the gesture responded by other characters in Carrie 2013 film by Toastmaster and McNeill theory. The researcher provides some conclusions and suggestions to the readers.

A. Conclusions

The explanation of the previous chapter, it can be concluded that types of

American gesture and the responded by other characters that can be seen in film.

Then, the object of this research is Carrie 2013 film by Kimberly Ane Pierce with one hour forty minutes fifty six seconds duration.

1. Types of American gesture, such as: descriptive gesture, emphatic gesture,

suggestive gesture, and prompting gesture. The researcher concluded

descriptive gesture which Carrie always kept silent when her teacher asked,

while touching her hair alone indicates that she was confused and frightened

what had happened to her. Emphatic gesture when Carrie raised both hands in

order to look strong. Suggestive gesture Carrie always crossed her arms

because she expected or anticipated something, mostly used by Main

character in that Carrie film.

2. Response of American gesture mostly used by other characters in the film are

response of descriptive gesture where Margaret response Carrie with alter

adapter, she stroking Carrie‘s head and back, because Margaret very lovely to

her daughter, and then response of suggestive gesture is when other

characters clapped their hands because they agreed or glad with Carrie and

Tommy became the King and Queen.

B. Suggestions

Based on the conclusions above, the researcher suggested to:

1. For the next researcher who will make the similar research about gesture

especially American gesture can use the others topics to be analyzed.

2. The readers can analyze the other types of literary work also to be

analyzed and related to the others aspects. For example gesture of teacher

in the school, or mother gesture to increase their daughter knowledge.

3. For the students of English and Literature department whom want to

analyze the other patterns of nonverbal communication especially of

gesture so the other are able to know gesture patterns what represented

about the subject by using any kind of references.

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APPENDIX CARRIE (2013) FILM SCRIPT, the duration one hour forty minutes fifty six seconds.

Extract 1 Morton : Are you, uh, feeling better? Can I get you some Aspirin, or some juice or something? May be you just us to leave you alone? Ms. Desjardin : Carrie, honey, I am so sorry that I slapped you. I should have handled it better. : Honey, do you understand what‘s happening to you body? Do you know what it means? Extract 2 Carrie : Mama, before you say anything else, I‘ve been asked to prom. Margaret : Oh, good, why? Carrie : It‘s next Saturday and he‘s a very nice boy. Margaret : No. no, no Carrie : I already accepted, I know this scares you. Margaret : I‘ts hurt you. Carrie : No, mom. Margaret : You‘re going to get in there and you‘re going to pray for forgiveness. Carrie : No, never again, Mama!

Extract 3 Carrie : No, no, no I‘m so sorry.

Extract 4 Margaret : Go to your closet

Carrie : No, Mama Margaret : Go to your closet and pray Carrie : No, Mommy! Margaret : Come on, you pray, little girl, pray for forgiveness. Carrie : Mommy, let me go, let me out. God, your suck. Extract 5 (Carrie try of her telekinesis or supernatural power, because she feel embittered.

Extract 6 Carrie : Mama stand up Mama, stand up ! Mama I‘m going. Margaret : Witch. Carrie : I‘m not a witch, Mama.

Extract 7 Carrie‘s friend : Come on, are you seeing this? Come on, we have to get to the door Niki. Extract 8 Ms. Desjardin : what they did was unforgiveable? Morton : okay, uhh…. It doesn‘t seem that Carrie is going to point the finger, so, Ms.Desjardin, I need you to get to the better of this. Ms. Desjardin : Carrie, you‘ve excused from P.E Class for the rest of the week. Morton : Yeah, we‘re going to have to call your mother, come! I know she‘s had problem with us in the past. Carrie : Mmm, mmm, No. Ms. Desjardin : we have to tell your mom what happened. Carrie : No.

Extract 10 Ms. Desjardin : we have to tell your mom what happened. Carrie : no. Extract 11 Margaret : go to your closet Carrie : No, Mom Margaret : Come on, You pray, little girls, pray for forgiveness. Carrie : Mommy, let me go, let me out. God, you suck. Extract 12 Tommy : Hey, Carrie. I was looking for you at the library, because that‘s where they said you here. But, uh, you weren‘t there, so I figured, maybe you were here. And anyway, how are you doing? Carrie : I‘m Okay. Extract 14 Carrie : Oh, Mama. Mama, were right. They laughed at me, Mommy. Margaret : I knew they‘d hart my little girl Carrie : Let‘s Pray. Margaret : yes, well pray, I‘ll be the preacher, you‘ll be the my congregation.

Extract 15 Margaret : Did you finish you prayer, little girl? Carrie : Yes Mom Margaret : That‘s my good girl.

Extract 16 Carrie : oh, Mom, Mama, were right. They laughed at me, Mommy. Margaret : I knew they‘d hart my little girl Extract 17 Carrie : no, never again, Moma Mama, Stand up Mama, stand up

Extract 18 Tommy : Hay, Carrie I was looking for you at the library, because that‘s where they said you here. But, uh, you weren‘t there, so I figured, maybe you were here. (But Carrie just response with touching her hair)

Extract 19 Margaret : Take off that dress, Carrie Carrie : No. Margaret : take it off and we‘ll burn it together and pray for forgiveness Carrie : Mama, It‘s modest. Margaret : Call that boy and tell him you‘re not going, you just tell him you‘re sick. I don‘t want you to get hurt. Carrie : or you could just be happy for me. Extract 20 Mc : By one vote, our winners are. Tommy Ross and Carrie White. (All of audience claps their hands, because their agree with Tommy and Carrie become King and Queen.

CURRICULUM VITAE

Hariana or usually called Ana was born in Sungguminasa, South Sulawesi, on May 29th, 1994. She is the last child of Sumara‘ and Salamang. She has two brothers and one sister.

She began her school at elementary school at SDN Parangloe Lata and graduated in 2006. In the same year, she continued her study in Junior High School in SMPN 2 Bontomarannu and graduated in 2009. Then she continued her study in Senior High School in SMAN 1 Bontomarannu and graduated in 2012.

Having finishing her study at school, she enrolled at Alauddin State Islamic University of Makassar in 2012 and took English and Literature Departement (BSI) of Adab and Humanities Faculty. Moreover, during her academy at Alauddin State Islamic University of Makassar. She was active in several organizations, such as EM2C of Makassar (English Mania Meeting Club), EL of Adab and Humanities Faculty (Eliots Letters), HIPMA kord.Manuju (Himpunan Mahasiswa), and KNPI kod.Manuju (Komite Nasional Pemuda Indonesia).

To contact her

e-mail: [email protected]

Fb: LbevAnha