GESTURE OF MAIN CHARACTER AS SEEN IN “CARRIE” (2013) FILM A THESIS Submitted to the Adab and Humanities Faculty of Alauddin State Islamic University of Makassar in partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Humaniora By: HARIANA Reg. Num. 40300112099 ENGLISH AND LITERATURE DEPARTMENT ADAB AND HUMANITIES FACULTY ALAUDDIN STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF MAKASSAR 2016 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Alhamdulillahirabbil‘alamin, the researcher praises to Allah SWT for His blessing, love, opportunity, health, and mercy, thus the researcher can complete this thesis. Next, Shalawat and Salam are addressed to our prophet Muhammad SAW, for His model and guidance in the life. The researcher realizes that there are many people who give their support, prayer and encouragement sincerely to help the researcher completing this thesis. Therefore, the researcher would like to thanks and highest appreciation to all them. Firstly, the researcher gives special gratitude to her beloved father, Sumara‘ Dg. Nai and her beloved mother, Salamang Dg. Ratang, for all their prayers, supports and eternally affection as the biggest influence in her success and happy life. Thanks to her lovely brothers, Aby Mayu Salam and Mursalim (the late), thanks to her lovely sister Musdalifa for the happy and colorful life. Secondly, the grateful is addressed to The Rector of Islamic State University of Alauddin Makassar, Prof. Dr. Musafir Pabbabari, M.Si, The Dean of Adab and Humanities Faculty Dr. H. Barsihannor, M.Ag, the vices dean of Adab and Humanities Faculty Dr. Abd Rahman. R, M.Ag, Dr. Hj. Syamzan Sykur, M.Ag, and Dr. Abd. Muin, M.Hum. Thirdly, the researcher‘s gratitude due to The Head and Secretary of English and Literature Department, H. Muh. Nur Akbar Rasyid, M.Pd., M.Ed., vi Ph.D and Syahruni Junaid, S.S., M.Pd for their suggestions, helps and supports administratively. Then, the researcher‘s deepest gratitude is sent to her honorable supervisors, Syahruni Junaid. S.S. M.Pd as first supervisor and Nasrum. S.Pd., M.A as her second supervisor, there had made so much times guided, gave correction and advised her during completing this thesis. Her big thanks are also addressed to her first examiners, Dr. Abd. Muin. M.Hum and her second examiner Masykur Rauf. S.Hum., M.Pd. for all their advices, criticisms, suggestions in proposal seminar to make this thesis better. The greatest thanks to all lecturers of English and Literature Department and the administration staffs of Adab and Humanities Faculty UIN Alauddin Makassar who have given their contribution, helps, guidance and very useful knowledge, during the years of her study. Then, my deepest appreciation individually and collectively thanks to all students of English and Literature Department Academic Year 2012. Specially, to her friends, in Ag 3.4, Nurhayati. S.Hum, Ika Fitriani. S.Hum, Marwah Wahyuni. S.Hum, Ekawati, Suci Rahmayani S.Hum, Syalmiah Salleng, Masriah Pakku. S.Hum, Susanti Dahlan. S.Hum, Try Fahmi Umar. S.Hum, Rahmatiah, Ella Asfira, Nur Amriani, Wiwi Andriani. S.Hum, Irwan S.E, Wahyu, Ambran, Taufiq, and Azis and other friends of Ag 1.2 and Ag 5.6 that contributed supports, helps, ideas and suggestion during accomplishing this thesis. vii Then, in the deepest heart, the researcher realizes that her thesis is imperfect and still need suggestions and criticism. Despite of its imperfection, she expects that this thesis will be useful for the students, the lecturers and the readers in general who need it. May Allah SWT always bless us in every single thing we do. Romangpolong, November, 26th 2016 Hariana viii LIST OF CONTENTS COVER ........................................................................................................... i PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN SKRIPSI....................................................... ii PERSETUJUAN PEMBIMBING.................... ............................................ iii APPROVAL SHEET ..................................................................................... iv PENGESAHAN SKRIPSI............................................................................. v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................... vi LIST OF CONTENTS ................................................................................... ix ABSTRACT .................................................................................................... xi CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. Background .......................................................................................... 1 B. Research Questions .............................................................................. 4 C. Objective of Research .......................................................................... 4 D. Significances of Research .................................................................... 4 E. Scope of Research ................................................................................ 4 CHAPTER IIREVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE A. Previous Findings ................................................................................. 5 B. Pertinent Ideas ...................................................................................... 7 1. Non-Verbal Communication .......................................................... 7 2. Gesture ........................................................................................... 12 3. American Gesture........................................................................... 17 4. Responses of Gesture ..................................................................... 21 5. Synopsis of Carrie Film ................................................................ 25 CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY A. Research Method .................................................................................. 28 B. Data Source .......................................................................................... 28 C. Research Instrument ............................................................................. 29 D. Data Collecting Procedures .................................................................. 29 ix E. Data Analyzing Technique ................................................................... 30 CHAPTER IV FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS A. Findings ................................................................................................ 31 B. Discussions ........................................................................................... 51 CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS A. Conclusions .......................................................................................... 70 B. Suggestions .......................................................................................... 71 BIBLIOGRAPHY .......................................................................................... 72 APPENDICES....................................................................................... .... ..... 75 BIOGRAPHY……………………………………………………………….. 80 x xi CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION This chapter presents the background, Problem Statement, objectives of the research, significance of research, and scope of research. A. Background Human is a social creature that has the need to communicate with others. Communication is defined as a process by which we assign and convey meanings in an attempt to create shared understanding; both the speaker and hearer should hold to general rules or principles and thereby use certain strategies (Knapp, 1978:25). Language is means of communication hence it plays an important role in human life. Taylor (1990:5) in his journal defines language as a system of sign (e.g. speech sound, hand gestures, letters) use to communicate messages. Hill (1958: 9) describes language as the primary and most highly elaborated form of human symbolic activity. Its symbol is made up of sounds produced by the vocal apparatus, and they are arranged in classes and patterns which make up a complex and symmetrical structure. According to Samovar in Wang‘s journal (2009:155)―Non-verbal communication involves all those nonverbal stimuli in a communication setting that are generated by both the source and his or her use of the environment and that has potential message value for the source or receiver.‖ The definition is consistent with current thinking in the field and reflects the cultural orientation; it 1 2 can not only mark the boundaries of non-verbal communication, but also reflects how the process actually works. According to Toastmasters and McNeill (2011:8), gesture is a specific bodily movement that reinforces a verbal message or conveys a particular thought or emotion. Although gestures may be made with the head, shoulders, or even the legs and feet, most are made with the hands and arms. Some try to get them out of the way by putting them in their pockets or behind their backs. Others unconsciously relieve nervous tension by performing awkward, distracting movements. A few speakers over-gesture out of nervousness, waving their arms and hands wildly. There are some kinds of gesture all of in the world, one of them are gestures in American culture, American people do not like too little space between themselves and their speaking partners and they do not like to touch or being touched while having conversation. They use the frequent gesture of shaking hands in greeting. They learn this gesture at a very young age and very often use it. While greeting or talking they look into their partner‘s eyes directly. They often raise their arm and waggle it back and so