Stasis-Theory in Homeric Commentary
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Latin Criticism of the Early Empire Pp
Cambridge Histories Online http://universitypublishingonline.org/cambridge/histories/ The Cambridge History of Literary Criticism Edited by George Alexander Kennedy Book DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521300063 Online ISBN: 9781139055338 Hardback ISBN: 9780521300063 Paperback ISBN: 9780521317177 Chapter 9 - Latin Criticism of the Early Empire pp. 274-296 Chapter DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521300063.010 Cambridge University Press LATIN CRITICISM OF THE EARLY EMPIRE The name 'Silver Latin' is often given to the literature of the first century of the Christian era and is generally understood to imply its inferiority to the Golden Age of the late Republic and Augustan era. Analogy with the five Hesiodic ages, in which the silver age was both later and less worthy than the golden, suggests the cliche of decline. To what extent did the Romans of the early imperial period feel that they and their contemporaries were a falling away from the previous generation? We will see that the change in form of government, by denying opportunities for significant political speech, trivialised the art of oratory. But was there any such external constraint on poetry? Modern critics have reproached Silver Latin epic and tragedy with being 'rhetorical'. Certainly it is clear from Tacitus' Dialogus that men thwarted from political expression transferred to the safer vehicle of historical or mythical poetry both the techniques and ideals of public oratory. But just as no one suggests that Juvenal's satires were poorer compositions because of his apparent rhetorical skill, so rhetorical colouring in the higher poetic genres of tragedy and epic is not necessarily a fault. -
Rhetoric in European Culture and Beyond
Prof. PhDr. Jiří Kraus, DrSc. Rhetoric in European and World Culture traces the position of rhetoric in cultural Cover image: Allegory of Rhetoric. (1935) and educational systems from ancient times to the present. Here, Jiří Kraus examines František Václav Adámek ( 1713–1779), Professor Kraus lectures at the Faculty of Social Sciences, rhetoric’s decline in importance during a period of rationalism and enlightenment, from the Matthias Bernard Braun school. Charles University in Prague. Between 1963–2002 he worked presents the causes of negative connotations of rhetoric, and explains why rhetoric Rhetoric in European Chateau park in Lysá nad Labem, near Prague. in the Czech Language Institute of the Academy of Sciences, in the twentieth century regained its prestige. Kraus demonstrates that the reputation where he pursued mathematical linguistics prior to changing of rhetoric falls when it is reduced to a refined method for deceiving the public and his focus onto language culture and rhetoric. He is a member increases when it is seen as a scientific discipline throughout the humanities. In this Culture and Beyond of the editorial boards of prominent Czech linguistic journals sense, the author argues, rhetoric strives for universal recognition and the cultivation and of Charles University’s science council. After the cold of rhetorical expression, spoken and written, including not only its production but also war era, he became a member of the International Society for reception and interpretation. the History of Rhetoric, striking personal relations with leading Apart from classical and medieval rhetoric the book presents the condensed history world representatives in the field, particularly with Professor of rhetoric in France, Spain, Italy, Germany, England and Scotland as well as in the C. -
Introduction
INTRODUCTION Livy the Historian Livy , or in full Titus Livius, was born at Patavium in northern Italy (Padua today) in 59 bc, and so lived through the turbulent years of the fall of the Roman Republic into the calm and politically controlled era of one-man rule under Augustus and his successor Tiberius. 1 According to St Jerome’s Chronicle he died in ad 17. He seems not to have held public offi ce or done any military service. Apart from some essays, now lost, on philosophy and rhetoric, he undertook in his late twenties to compose an up-to-date history of Rome drawing on mostly Roman but also some Greek predecessors. He entitled it From the Foundation of the City ( Ab Urbe Condita ): to all Romans their City was unique. The history eventually amounted to 142 books, taking Rome’s history from its traditional foundation-date of 753 bc down to the year 9 bc — a colossal achievement, much lengthier than Gibbon’s Decline and Fall , for instance. Of it only the fi rst ten Books and then Books 21–45 survive. Books 6–10 take the story of Rome from 390 bc down to the year 293. Evidence in the work indicates that Livy began writing in the early 20s bc, for around 18 bc he reached Book 28. A subheading to a surviving résumé (epitome) of the lost book 121 states that it was published after Augustus’ death in ad 14: some- thing that probably held true, too, for those that followed. The his- tory ended at the year 9 bc. -
The Sophistic Roman: Education and Status in Quintilian, Tacitus and Pliny Brandon F. Jones a Dissertation Submitted in Partial
The Sophistic Roman: Education and Status in Quintilian, Tacitus and Pliny Brandon F. Jones A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Washington 2015 Reading Committee: Alain Gowing, Chair Catherine Connors Alexander Hollmann Deborah Kamen Program Authorized to Offer Degree: Classics ©Copyright 2015 Brandon F. Jones University of Washington Abstract The Sophistic Roman: Education and Status in Quintilian, Tacitus and Pliny Brandon F. Jones Chair of Supervisory Commitee: Professor Alain Gowing Department of Classics This study is about the construction of identity and self-promotion of status by means of elite education during the first and second centuries CE, a cultural and historical period termed by many as the Second Sophistic. Though the Second Sophistic has traditionally been treated as a Greek cultural movement, individual Romans also viewed engagement with a past, Greek or otherwise, as a way of displaying education and authority, and, thereby, of promoting status. Readings of the work of Quintilian, Tacitus and Pliny, first- and second-century Latin prose authors, reveal a remarkable engagement with the methodologies and motivations employed by their Greek contemporaries—Dio of Prusa, Plutarch, Lucian and Philostratus, most particularly. The first two chapters of this study illustrate and explain the centrality of Greek in the Roman educational system. The final three chapters focus on Roman displays of that acquired Greek paideia in language, literature and oratory, respectively. As these chapters demonstrate, the social practices of paideia and their deployment were a multi-cultural phenomenon. Table of Contents Acknowledgements ........................................................................... 2 Introduction ....................................................................................... 4 Chapter One. -
Cicero: Logic and Rhetoric in His Philosophical Works
Cicero: Logic and Rhetoric in His Philosophical Works https://www.historyoflogic.com/cicero-philosophy.htm History of Logic from Aristotle to Gödel by Raul Corazzon | e-mail: [email protected] Logic and Rhetoric in the Philosophical Works of Cicero INTRODUCTION This page is dedicated to the following aspects of the philosophy of Marcus Tullius Cicero: The creation of the Latin philosophical vocabulary; His testimony on Stoic logic; His book Topica, who in the Middle Ages become one of the texts of the Logica Vetus. Attention will also be given to the De Inventione and De Oratore, who exerted a great influence on medieval thinkers. AN OVERVIEW OF CICERO AS PHILOSOPHER "Philosophy meant Greek. Rome had nothing to offer except a stern traditional moralism exemplified by Cato, which found the rigid Semitic ethic of the Stoics congenial, and a reaction away from this, which expressed itself in a loose Epicureanism, such as Epicurus himself and his sincere exponents would have utterly disowned. 'And so it is not Epicurus who has driven them to debauchery. They have already given themselves over to immorality, and now try to hide their debauchery in the lap of philosophy; they congregate in the place where they hope to hear the praise of pleasure' (1). The words date from the next century, but they are applicable to the age of Cicero. Cicero is at some pains to explain away the apparent Roman incapacity for philosophy. He suggests that there is no real inability : rather their energies have been diverted into other channels. Be that as it may, philosophy meant Greek, and Greek philosophy of the age of Cicero was represented predominantly by four schools. -
Pliny, the Eruption of Vesuvius
CSCP Support Materials: Notes and Commentary Eduqas GCSE Latin Component 3A Latin Literature (Narratives) Pliny, The Eruption of Vesuvius For examination in 2020 and 2021 PUBLISHED BY THE CAMBRIDGE SCHOOL CLASSICS PROJECT Faculty of Education, University of Cambridge, 184 Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 8PQ, UK http://www.CambridgeSCP.com © University of Cambridge School Classics Project, 2019 Copyright In the case of this publication, the CSCP is waiving normal copyright provisions in that copies of this material may be made free of charge and without specific permission so long as they are for educational or personal use within the school or institution which downloads the publication. All other forms of copying (for example, for inclusion in another publication) are subject to specific permission from the Project. Image Acknowledgments Image on pg. 9 ‘Vesuvius Looms’ courtesy of Paull Young [http://www.flickr.com/photos/paullyoung/429923584/in/photostream/] Images on pg. 15 courtesy of Big Albert [https://www.flickr.com/photos/52948047@N05/24356049443] and Andrea Schaffer from Sydney, Australia [CC BY 2.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0)] Image on pg. 26 courtesy of Wellcome Images [CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)] All other images taken from Cambridge Latin Course resources. First published 2019 version date: 14/08/2019 Contents Introduction .............................................................................................................. 1 Pliny the Younger .................................................................................................. -
The Educational Theory of Plutarch
A\. U. C. t A. <h. JC. DEPT. THE LffiRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES Digitized by tine Internet Arciiive in 2007 with funding from IVIicrosoft Corporation http://www.archive.org/details/educationaltlieorOOwestiala THE EDUCATIONAL THEORY OF PLUTARCH PQR REVIEW THE EDUCATIONAL THEORY OF PLUTARCH K. M. WESTAWAY, D.Lit. (Lond.) STAFF LECTURER IN CLASSICS, ROYAL HOLLOWAY COLLEGE FORMERLY CLASSICAL SCHOLAR, AND LATER MARION KENNEDY STUDENT, OF NEWNHAM COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE LONDON UNIVERSITY OF LONDON PRESS, LTD. 17 WARWICK SQUARE, E.C.4 1922 U. C. L. A. EDUC. DEPT. U. C. L A. EDLC. DEPT. Education library LB ovroi KOt KoivQ ^vcX^dvT€? airap^v T^ <to^hxk aviOtfTov Tw 'AttoAAwvi cts rof vcwv tov iv ^€\<t}OLS, ypd.\j/avT€9 ravra, a 5^ ttoitcs v/avowii', yvwdi crauTov Kai firfiev ayav, Plato, ProtagoraSy 343 B. opa §€ KOt Tttin"! Ttt irpoypd/xfJuiTa, to 'yvto^i cravTov' Kai to ^/ir)8eva.yav.' oaa^^rjTtj(T€i^ kckcVi/kc <fiiko<r6^ovs Koi o<rov Xoywv jrXrjOo'i &<f> cxaoTOV Kadairtp otto (rirepfxaTO^ avair€<f>VKev. Plutarch, Z)^ E apud Delpbos, 385 D. 827732 PREFACE The popularity of Plutarch as the author of the Parallel Lives has never really waned. It is thus surprising that the other half of his extant work, the essays generally called by the collective title of the Moralia, should for long periods together be almost unread and unremembered. I have found in these essays an interest even greater than I had been led to expect from my love of the " Lives." In the Moralia Plutarch, the philosopher, the priest, the citizen, the father, reveals himself with an intimacy rare among the ancient Greeks. -
Clusters for a Theory of Concepts of Communications. Historical
Munich Personal RePEc Archive “Parallel Worlds“. Clusters for a Theory of Concepts of Communications. Historical Intercultural and Cultural Comparative Studies in Perspectives of National and Transnational Constitutions, Values, Concepts, and Terms of ‘Communication’ - ‘Orality’ - ‘Literacy’ - ‘Rhetoric’ - ‘Media’. Haase, Fee-Alexandra 1 January 2008 Online at https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6534/ MPRA Paper No. 6534, posted 03 Jan 2008 05:34 UTC Fee-Alexandra Haase “Parallel Worlds“ Clusters for a Theory of Concepts of Communications. Historical Intercultural and Cultural Comparative Studies in Perspectives of National and Transnational Constitutions, Values, Concepts, and Terms of ‘Communication’ - ‘Orality’ - ‘Literacy’ - ‘Rhetoric’ - ‘Media’ 1 Communication is Health; Communication is Truth; Communication is Happiness. To share is our Duty; Virginia Woolf The Common Reader, Chapter 6 2 - Index - 0. Introduction: Communications and Cultural Heritage – Facing the Post-Postmodern Condition 4 1. Diachronic European Perspectives on Communications 28 1.1. The Perspective of Ancient Greece on Communications 28 1.2. The Roman Perspective on Communications 43 1.3. The Perspective of Communications in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Time 56 1.4. The Perspective of Communications in the Renaissance 79 1.5. The Perspective of Communications in Europe in the 16th and 17th Century 94 1.6. The Perspective of Communications in Europe in the 18th Century 112 1.7. The Perspective of Communications in Europe in the 19th Century 123 1.8. The Perspective of Communications in Europe in the 20th Century 134 1.9. The Perspective of Communications in Europe in the 21st Century 157 II. Synchronic Perspectives of Communications in Global Areas 179 2. -
Pliny Does Not Write History (Ep
A Curious Case: Pliny Does Not Write History (Ep. 5.8) Jonathan J. Price Pliny the Younger admired historians and historical writing. In his letters he praises History‘s virtues, values a freedman who can read history well, and above all, feels unbounded esteem for his friend Tacitus, who had gained fame while still alive for his published historical researches.1 Pliny‘s most elaborate appreciation of historiography is contained in Ep. 5.8, a letter of 105-106 CE2 addressed to Titinius Capito, who had urged Pliny to write history himself. Pliny responds to Capito by lauding history-writing as the surest means to fame and affirming his desire to take up the task, but his convoluted and confusing explanation of the reasons for his delay amount to a decisive rejection of ever writing history. The letter has been variously understood as a serious contemplation on historiography, a document of angst about his status in Rome‘s literary world, a bid to make himself the subject of history, an urbane ‗polite refusal‘ to write history.3 This paper, offered in honor of my friend and colleague Hannah Cotton,4 will argue that the letter is a subtle but demonstrative rejection of history-writing which both reflects and comments on the state of Roman historiography in Pliny‘s generation. Pliny‘s correspondent, the equestrian Cn. Octavius Titinius Capito, was a generous literary patron and the host of a well-known salon, apparently an arbiter of taste in Rome in the early second century CE.5 After a military career, he served as procurator ab * I would like to thank Werner Eck for helpful criticism. -
Quintilian's Educational Theories
r 4 ARMITAGE Quintilian's Hducational Theories Latin 1901 if* jr;-.. IT JEKAI^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^^^-^ ^ ^ ^- ^ 4. 4- ^ 4^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ T^-^ 4. >pr , ^ ft- ^ If^- 'ir ^ -^^ ^- ^ 4. - ^- * - ^ 4 % 4 ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^^^^^^^ ^ . ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 4_ # * ^- ' ^ . ^ LIBRARY t ^ ^ ^ ^ -^j,. ^. # # ^^.:^.r:^ University of Illinois. i^-,,.^ y^.- ,^ ^ I | "^^^ . ^ ^ CLASS. BOOK. VOLUME. ^ # iit- I Bt5 I Accession No. ' ^ ijfe^^ ^ # ^ ... -if^. 4 . ^ 4- 4. + + -f * + s|i 't^ ^ ^ 4". ^ Hts if^ . 4-- * ^ ^ ^ 'f ^ ^ ^ ^ 4^ ^ ^ ^ -ik ^ ^ ^ 4. 4. ^ ^ * ^ ^ "l^ 1^ - ^# ^< ^ 4 -^^ . 4w ^ ^ ^ 4 - ^ * "^---M ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ * ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ # 4 -4. 4. ^-^^^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ , ^ ^ 4. ^ ^ ^ ^- -4. 4^ ^--^^^ .J^...., ^ ^ * ^ QUIIfPILIAirS ITOCATIONAL THEORIES. J. Howarcl AriTiita,:;ie. Thesis for the de.rrree of Bachelor of Arts in the Golle^qe of Literature and Arts in the University of Illinois. June 1901. (A UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS ii»o / THIS IS TO CEUTIFY THAT THB THE8IS PUEPAUEIJ UMDER MY SUPEH VISION HY EXTITLED 19 APPUOVETl m- ME AS FULFILLING TIIIS PART OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEG REE OF /L / HEAD OF DEPARTMENT OF S>^;5Jll CiC^*::^^ Quintilian's Mucational Theories, In order to obtain a more intelligent underatanding of the ed- ucational theories of Quintilian, it will he necesnar^^ to consider briefly thone earlier ideals upon which his system is based. Of the Chinese, Indian and Egyptian forms of education little is knovm and hence whatever effect they may have had upon latter system.s cannot be traced. With the Jewish forn.s, we are som.ewhat more fam.iliar. In the early history of the Jewish race, education was essentially domestic. During the whole biblical period there is no trace of public schools, at least for young pupils. Children were taught by their parents the moral precepts and religious beliefs of the nation. -
1. Quintilian and the Perception of the System of Poetic Genres in the Flavian Age
1. QUINTILIAN AND THE PERCEPTION OF THE SYSTEM OF POETIC GENRES IN THE FLAVIAN AGE Mario Citroni Studies on Quintilian frequently contain the affirmation that we can- not consider the survey of Greek and Latin writers found in Book 10 of the Institutio oratoria as a chapter of literary criticism, properly speaking: we must realise—it is said—that this is a list which was cre- ated for the specific purposes of the teaching of rhetoric. The broad correspondence of the list of Greek authors with the one that was found in De imitatione, by Dionysius of Halicarnassus,1 which had the same purpose, seems to offer unequivocal confirmation of the fact that this survey belongs to an academic tradition, in which words of advice about books to read, together with judgements and comments, corre- spond to the precise educational purpose of pointing out the elements in every author which could be useful for the improvement of rhetori- cal style. In the case of the list of Latin authors, it is recognised that, in the absence of Greek sources, it probably reflects more authentically the attitudes and judgements of Quintilian and of the culture of his time, although the purpose remains unchanged. It is admitted by some scholars that the survey also includes reading advice and judgements which go beyond the mere purpose of the development of rhetorical style, and reveal a more specifically literary interest, or broader aims of a general cultural education; however, these concessions, which are 1 It was long believed that Dionysius was the direct source of Quintilian’s survey, up to Claussen 1872–3. -
A Critical Examination of Quintilian's Theory of Rhetorical Education
A CRITICAL EXAMINATION OF QUINTILIAN'S THEORY OF RHETORICAL EDUCATION By DOUGLAS WAYNE SIKES Bachelor of Arts Abilene Christian University Abilene, Texas 1960 Master. of Arts Abilene Chri§tian University Abilene, Texas 1967 Master of Arts Oklahoma State University Stillwater, Oklahoma 1972 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF EDUCATION December, 1983 ,Them }9130 Ss19~ <:op, z_. A CRITICAL EXAMINATION OF QUINTILIAN'S THEORY OF RHETORICAL EDUCATION Thesis Approved: J 1~ Thesi/?Adviser Jjf:l r2 '-/:u&...- ii 1187126 j ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Grateful acknowledgment is made to the many people who have given generously of their time and advice. I should like to express my particular thanks to the members of my advisory committee: Dr. John Susky, Dr. Walter Scott, Dr. Neil Luebke, and Dr. Thomas Karman. I also appreciate greatly the constructive encouragement I have received from Dr. John Susky. However, this dissertation would never have been possible had it not been for the great deal of help that I have been fortunate enough to receive from Dr. Walter Scott. His guidance and inspiration sustained me and I thank him most warmly. Finally, I should like to extend my thanks to my children, Gaye and Ty, and I record with great gratitude the help my wife, Patricia, has given me at every stage and for her exemplary patience. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page I. INTRODUCTION. 1 Statement of the Problem 1 Previous Work on This Topic. 9 Proposed Methodology of the Study.