BASELINE KOALA ACTIVITY MONITORING REPORT
Kings Forest
A Report Prepared for Project 28 Pty Ltd
NOVEMBER 2020
JWA Pty Ltd Suite C, Building 21 Garden City Office Park, 2404 Logan Road, Eight Mile Plains QLD 4113 p 07 3219 9436 ● f 07 3423 2076 ● e [email protected] www.jwaec.com.au Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
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Title Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report
Job Number N97017 \\SERVER\data\2000 & EARLIER CLIENTS\N97017_Kings Forest\ File Reference 2019_Baseline Koala Monitoring Version and Date RW4 30/11/20
Client Project 28 Pty Ltd
Revision History (office use only)
Date No. Delivery Issue Version Draft/Final Distributed To Media Sent Copies Method 1 RW1 DRAFT 27/05/20 Project 28 1 .pdf Email 2 RW2 FINAL 28/05/20 Project 28 1 .pdf Email 3 RW3 FINAL 30/07/20 Project 28 1 .pdf Email 4 RW4 FINAL 30/11/20 Project 28 1 .pdf Email
Client Issue
Author Approved by Version Date Name Initials Name Initials RW1 27/05/20 Nicole Davies / Adam ND / Adam McArthur AM McArthur AM RW2 28/05/20 Nicole Davies / Adam ND / Adam McArthur AM McArthur AM RW3 30/07/20 Nicole Davies / Adam ND / Adam McArthur AM McArthur AM RW4 30/11/20 Nicole Davies / Adam ND / Adam McArthur AM McArthur AM
© 2020 JWA Pty Ltd All Rights Reserved. Copyright in the whole and every part of this document belongs to JWA Pty Ltd and may not be used, sold, transferred, copied or reproduced in whole or in part in any manner or form or in or on any media to any person without the prior written consent of JWA Pty Ltd. Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION ...... 4 1.1 Background ...... 4 1.2 Monitoring Requirements ...... 4 2 DIURNAL SEARCHES ...... 6 2.1 Monitoring Methodology ...... 6 2.1.1 Site Selection ...... 6 2.1.2 Sampling ...... 6 2.1.3 Data Analysis ...... 6 2.2 Baseline Survey Results ...... 6 2.3 Koala Density and Population Estimate ...... 7 3 KOALA ACTIVITY ...... 8 3.1 Monitoring Methodology ...... 8 3.1.1 Site Selection ...... 8 3.1.2 Sampling ...... 8 3.1.3 Data Analysis ...... 9 3.2 Baseline Survey Results ...... 9 3.3 Koala Activity ...... 11 3.4 Habitat Utilisation and Occupancy Rates ...... 12 4 HABITAT CONDITION ...... 13 4.1 Monitoring Methodology ...... 13 4.1.1 Introduction ...... 13 4.1.2 Monitoring locations ...... 13 4.1.3 Plot-based vegetation surveys ...... 13 4.2 Baseline Survey Results ...... 14 5 PHOTO MONITORING ...... 19 5.1 Monitoring Methodology ...... 19 5.1.1 Introduction ...... 19 5.1.2 Monitoring locations ...... 19 5.1.3 Photo Point Monitoring ...... 19 5.1 Baseline Survey Results ...... 19 6 DISCUSSION ...... 20 6.1 Koala Activity ...... 20 6.1.1 Discussion of Results ...... 20 6.1.2 Comparison with Historical Data ...... 20 6.2 Habitat Condition ...... 21 7 ONGOING MONITORING AND REPORTING REQUIREMENTS ...... 23 REFERENCES ...... 24 APPENDIX 1 - BASELINE KOALA SURVEY RESULTS APPENDIX 2 – VEGETATION MONITORING DATA SHEETS APPENDIX 3 – PHOTOS POINTS
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1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background JWA Pty Ltd have been engaged by Project 28 Pty Ltd to undertake baseline monitoring for the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) population at the Kings Forest project site.
The Kings Forest site is 846 hectares in area and is located in the Tweed Shire between Bogangar (in the south) and Kingscliff (in the north). The Kings Forest project is a master planned residential community comprising a total of fourteen (14) separate precincts (FIGURE 1): • Precincts 1 and 2: Employment Precincts; • Precinct 3: Community Facility/Education Precinct; • Precinct 4: Part Residential and Part Town Centre Precinct; and • Precincts 5 – 14: Residential Precincts.
Koalas have historically been recorded over much of the Kings Forest site. Koala activity has been found to be widespread throughout the eastern portion of the Kings Forest site and adjacent Cudgen Nature Reserve, with other areas of the site recording low activity (Phillips et al. 2011, TSC 2015a, 2019, JWA 2020).
The koala is listed as a vulnerable species within schedules of the NSW Biodiversity Conservation Act (2016) (BC Act). The koala (combined population in Queensland, New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory) is listed as a vulnerable species within schedules of the Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act). The koala, between the Tweed and Brunswick Rivers east of the Pacific Highway, is listed as an endangered population within the schedules of the BC Act.
The Kings Forest Koala Plan of Management (KPoM) (JWA 2019) was prepared to guide the protection and management of koalas on the Kings Forest project site. The Kings Forest KPoM contains detailed population and habitat monitoring programs, including baseline and ongoing monitoring and reporting. This report has been prepared in accordance with requirements of Section 8.2.2.1 of the approved KPoM (JWA 2019) and details the methodology and results of the baseline koala activity and habitat condition monitoring completed over the Kings Forest site in May, June and October 2019, and October and November 2020.
1.2 Monitoring Requirements In accordance with the requirements of the Kings Forest KPoM (JWA 2019) the aims of the baseline monitoring are to establish survey sites and protocols and to collect data which will allow future monitoring:
1. To determine any changes in the distribution and level of koala activity within the Kings Forest site;
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD 4 N
MELALEUCA ROAD 8 1 2 DURANBAH 9 3
LEGEND
ROAD * TWEED 11 Precinct Boundary Kings Forest Boundary 4 COAST * 5 7 ROAD PRECINCT PLAN Town Centre / Neighbourhood Centre Residential Community Facilities / Education 10 6 Employment Land Structured Open Space (Active) (Passive open space to council standards, location subject to urban design) Environmental Protection Area 50m Ecological Buffer (Includes APZs & roads where approved) State School Site * Proposed Zone Substation 12 (Subject to Country Energy final approval) Potential Affordable Housing Location Potential Road Connection to Melaleuca Road 14 12 Private Open Space Golf Course Area (Encompassing ecological buffers where indicated) Private Open Space including lake 14 13
IMPORTANT NOTE This plan was prepared as a preliminary concept plan for planning purposes only. As such all particulars, including lot design, areas and densities, are subject to detailed survey, site investigations and to the requirements of council and any other authority which may have requirements under any relevant legislation. This note is an integral part of this plan.
SOURCE: RPS Precinct Plan Rev B CLIENT TITLE Project 28 Pty Ltd 0 500m dated 05/12/13 (Ref: 113691-PSP-4b(PRECINCT FIGURE 1 PLAN).dwg) PROJECT PRECINCT Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report SCALE: 1 :20 000 @ A 3 PREPARED: BW PLAN 1 : 20 000 Kings Forest JWA PTY L T D Melaleuca Drive, Duranbah, NSW DATE: 24 March 2020 Ecologic al Consultants Shire of Tweed FILE: N97017_Precinct Plan.cdr Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
2. To assess any changes in koala occupancy rates within the Kings Forest site; and 3. To assess any changes in koala population demographics within the Kings Forest site over time.
Baseline koala monitoring has been completed across the entire site during May, June and October 2019, and during October and November 2020 (i.e. prior to the commencement of works on the site) by suitably qualified persons1. Baseline monitoring included: • Diurnal searches of Kings Forest koala habitat; • A full measure of koala activity (i.e. application of Spot Assessment Technique (SAT) methodology (Phillips and Callaghan 2011); • An assessment of the condition of available koala habitat; and • Implementation of permanent photo monitoring points.
The methodology and results of each of the above baseline monitoring tasks are addressed in the following sections of this report.
1 Means a qualified ecologist with appropriate training and at least five years of experience in undertaking surveys in relation to the relevant EPBC Act listed threatened species.
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2 DIURNAL SEARCHES 2.1 Monitoring Methodology 2.1.1 Site Selection Field site selection has been based on the field sites sampled in 2010 during the Tweed Coast Koala Habitat Study (Phillips et al. 2011) positioned using a 600 m x 600 m grid overlay to enable uniform and unbiased coverage of the study area. Forty (40) field sites were sampled across the Kings Forest site as part of the baseline surveys in October 2019 (FIGURE 2).
2.1.2 Sampling Demographic attributes of the koala population were assessed in October 2019 via targeted searches for koala occurrence: a) Within a 25 m fixed radius from the central tree (0.196 ha); and b) Along a 250 m x 40 m (1 ha) line transect (Dique et al. 2003/4) at each field site. The line transects have been permanently erected at each survey site.
The following information relating to each koala sighting was collected: • Age class: Adult, sub-adult (2-4 kg) or juvenile (less than one (1) year old, less than 2 kg, not yet independent); • Reproductive status: the presence of a pouch young, back young, or no young associated with an adult female; • Health status: healthy, or showing signs of Chlamydia such as cystitis (wet, stained bottom) and/or conjunctivitis (red swollen eyes discharging pus), or other indicators of poor health such as discharges from nose or mouth, wasted or emaciated appearance etc.; and • Koala location: using a map and/or GPS unit, the location of each koala should be plotted on a map to gain an overall distribution of koalas on the site.
2.1.3 Data Analysis 2.1.3.1 Koala Density and Population Estimate A baseline koala density estimate is to be determined by dividing the total number of koalas sighted within the 0.196 ha radial assessments, by the total area covered by this assessment process over the sampling period. A population estimate is then be obtained by extrapolating the density estimate over a total habitat area where each SAT site represents the centre of a habitat grid cell of 6.25 ha or, in the case of the Depot Road sites, 1.56 ha.
2.2 Baseline Survey Results No koalas were sighted during the baseline survey.
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TC300 LEGEND
KFM27 Koala Activity Monitoring - SAT Site Kings Forest Boundary
KFM32 TC81 KFM34 TC301 KFM33
KFM20
KFM19 KFM11
KFM10 KFM09 KFM08 KFM07 KFM06 KFM36
KFM04 TC77 KFM05 KFM02 KFM03
KFM37 KFM29
KFM18 KFM28
KFM26 KFM25 KFM24
KFM17 KFM01 KFM21 KFM22 KFM23
KFM13 KFM12 KFM31 KFM30
KFM14 KFM15 KFM16
SOURCE: JWA Site Investigations 2019 CLIENT TITLE Near Map Aug 2018 Aerial Photo Project 28 Pty Ltd FIGURE 2 KOALA ACTIVITY 0 500m PROJECT 1 : 20 000 SCALE: 1 : 20 000 @ A3 Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report MONITORING Kings Forest PREPARED: BW JWA PTY LTD DATE: 30 November 2020 LOCATIONS Ecological Consultants Melaleuca Drive, Duranbah, NSW Shire of Tweed FILE: N97017_BKAMR.dwg Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
2.3 Koala Density and Population Estimate The baseline koala density and population estimates could not be estimated as no koalas were physically observed during the baseline surveys.
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD 7 Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
3 KOALA ACTIVITY 3.1 Monitoring Methodology 3.1.1 Site Selection A full measure of koala activity (i.e. application of Spot Assessment Technique (SAT) methodology (Phillips and Callaghan 2011) was completed at the same sites as the Diurnal searches in October 2019.
In most cases, the central point of each field site that had been sampled in 2010 during the Habitat Study (Phillips et al. 2011) and in 2015 and 2018 the Tweed Coast Koala Studies (TSC 2015a, TSC 2019) was readily identifiable (due to the centre of the site being marked with flagging tape in 2010, 2015 and 2018). Sites where the previous marked centre tree could not be found were located as close as possible to the identified coordinates. The central tree of each field site has now been identified with a permanent peg in the ground and marked with the site number to enable future identification.
3.1.2 Sampling The field surveys utilised the Spot Assessment Technique (SAT) (Phillips and Callaghan 2011), which involves a radial assessment of koala activity within the immediate area surrounding a SAT site. In the field, the technique is applied as follows: 1. Locate the SAT site; 2. Identify and uniquely mark the thirty (30) nearest trees to the SAT site; 3. Undertake a search for koala faecal pellets beneath each of the thirty (30) marked trees based on a cursory inspection of the undisturbed ground surface within a distance of 100 cm around the base of each tree, followed (if no faecal pellets are initially detected) by a more thorough inspection involving disturbance of the leaf litter and ground cover within the prescribed search area.
For assessment purposes, a tree is defined as “a live woody stem of any plant species (excepting palms, cycads, tree ferns and grass trees) which has a diameter at breast height (DBH) of 100 mm or greater” (Phillips et al. 2000). In the case of multi-stemmed trees, at least one of the live stems must have a DBH of 100 mm or greater in order to qualify.
Strict adherence to the 100 cm search area is a fundamental component of the SAT methodology. It is this distance that both optimises the probability of success in terms of actually finding faecal pellets, while at the same time defining a workable search area (Phillips and Callaghan, 2011). In terms of search effort, an average of approximately two (2) person minutes per tree should be dedicated to the faecal pellet search. For assessment purposes, the search should be concluded once a single faecal pellet has been detected or when the maximum search time has expired, whichever happens first. This process should be repeated until each of the 30 trees in the site has been assessed. Where the location of faecal pellets falls within overlapping search areas due to two (2)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD 8 Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest or more trees growing in close proximity to each other, both should be scored for pellet(s).
3.1.3 Data Analysis 3.1.3.1 Koala Activity Koala activity at each site is to be determined by dividing the number of trees with a koala faecal pellet by the number of trees searched in the site (a minimum of 30). Activity thresholds of Phillip and Callaghan (2011) are to be used to describe the results of field sites. This threshold allows interpretation of the activity level at each site in order to determine its relative importance to the koala population. The activity thresholds are described below in TABLE 1.
TABLE 1 SUMMARY OF KOALA ACTIVITY CATEGORIES AND THEIR INTERPRETATION Activity Category Activity Level Interpretation Site is regularly used by one or more Significant activity ≥ 22.52% koalas as part of normal ranging behaviour. Occasional or transitory use of the site by (for example) dispersing animals not yet Low activity 0% - 22.51% displaying established home ranging movement patterns.
3.1.3.2 Habitat Utilisation and Occupancy Rates Baseline habitat utilisation rate is to be estimated on the basis of the numbers of sampled field sites in which koala faecal pellets were recorded, while the baseline koala occupancy rate will be the subset of these sites that had koala activity levels > 22.52%. The first provides a measure of what proportion of available habitat is currently utilised by koalas in any way, the second indicating what proportion of habitat is occupied by resident populations.
3.2 Baseline Survey Results TABLE 2 provides a summary of the results and activity levels at the forty (40) field sites sampled with further details provided in APPENDIX 1. FIGURE 3 shows the distribution of koala activity at the forty (40) field sites that were sampled during the baseline monitoring events.
TABLE 2 SUMMARY OF BASELINE SURVEY RESULTS No. of Trees Field Site Koala/s Observed Koala Activity Level With Scats 13% KFM 01 4 x (low)
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No. of Trees Field Site Koala/s Observed Koala Activity Level With Scats 0 KFM 02 x x (inactive) 13% KFM 03 4 x (low) 0 KFM 04 x x (inactive) 0 KFM 05 x x (inactive) 20% KFM 06 6 x (low) 33% KFM 07 10 x (significant) 0 KFM 08 x x (inactive) 0 KFM 09 x x (inactive) 0 KFM 10 x x (inactive) 0 KFM 11 x x (inactive) 23% KFM 12 7 x (significant) 3% KFM 13 1 x (low) 7% KFM 14 2 x (low) 27% KFM 15 8 x (significant) 13% KFM 16 4 x (low) 0 KFM 17 x x (inactive) 10% KFM 18 3 x (low) 0 KFM 19 x x (inactive) 47% KFM 20 14 x (significant) 3% KFM 21 1 x (low) 3% KFM 22 1 x (low) 10% KFM 23 3 x (low)
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No. of Trees Field Site Koala/s Observed Koala Activity Level With Scats 20% KFM 24 6 x (low) 0 KFM 25 x x (inactive) 7% KFM 26 2 x (low) 0 KFM 27 x x (inactive) 13% KFM 28 4 x (low) 0 KFM 29 x x (inactive) 0 KFM 30 x x (inactive) 7% KFM 31 2 x (low) 0 KFM 32 x x (inactive) 7% KFM 33 2 x (low) 0 KFM 34 x x (inactive) 0 KFM 36 x x (inactive) 20% KFM 37 6 x (low) 57% TC 300 17 x (significant) 20% TC 301 6 x (low) 0 TC 77 x x (inactive) 0 TC 81 x x (inactive)
3.3 Koala Activity FIGURE 3 shows the distribution of koala activity at the forty (40) field sites that were sampled during the baseline monitoring events. Koala activity was recorded from 55% (n=22) of the forty (40) field sites sampled during the baseline study. With regard to baseline koala activity levels: • 12.5% (n=5) of the field sites recorded significant activity levels indicating regular use by resident koalas;
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TC300 LEGEND
KFM27 Koala Activity Monitoring - Inactive Site Koala Activity Monitoring - Low Activity Koala Activity Monitoring - Significant Activity Kings Forest Boundary KFM32 TC81 KFM34 TC301 KFM33
KFM20
KFM19 KFM11
KFM10 KFM09 KFM08 KFM07 KFM06 KFM36
KFM04 TC77 KFM05 KFM02 KFM03
KFM37 KFM29
KFM18 KFM28
KFM26 KFM25 KFM24
KFM17 KFM01 KFM21 KFM22 KFM23
KFM13 KFM12 KFM31 KFM30
KFM14 KFM15 KFM16
SOURCE: JWA Site Investigations 2019 CLIENT TITLE Near Map Aug 2018 Aerial Photo Project 28 Pty Ltd FIGURE 3 BASELINE 0 500m PROJECT 1 : 20 000 SCALE: 1 : 20 000 @ A3 Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report KOALA ACTIVITY Kings Forest PREPARED: BW JWA PTY LTD DATE: 30 November 2020 RESULTS Ecological Consultants Melaleuca Drive, Duranbah, NSW Shire of Tweed FILE: N97017_BKAMR.dwg Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
• 42.5% (n=17) of the field sites recorded low activity levels indicating occasional or transitory use; • 45% (n=18) of the field sites were inactive (FIGURE 4).
Significant Activity
Low Activity
Inactive
FIGURE 4: KOALA ACTIVITY DURING THE 2019 BASELINE SURVEY
3.4 Habitat Utilisation and Occupancy Rates Baseline habitat utilisation rate (number of sampled field sites in which koala faecal pellets were recorded) was estimated at 55% (n=22) of the forty (40) sampled sites. This provides a measure of what proportion of available habitat is currently utilised by koalas in any way.
Baseline koala occupancy rate (subset of sites that had koala activity levels > 22.52%) was estimated at 12.5% (n=5) of the forty (40) sampled sites. The baseline koala occupancy rate indicates what proportion of habitat is occupied by resident populations.
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4 HABITAT CONDITION 4.1 Monitoring Methodology 4.1.1 Introduction The condition of retained koala habitat and compensatory koala habitat areas across the Kings Forest development site will be monitored in accordance with the requirements of the following management plans: • Precincts 1 – 5 Vegetation and Weed Management Plan; • Precincts 6 – 11 Vegetation and Weed Management Plan; and • Precincts 12 – 14 Vegetation and Weed Management Plan.
The above management plans contain detailed monitoring programs, including baseline and ongoing monitoring and reporting. –Baseline habitat condition monitoring has been completed within retained koala habitat across the entire site and within proposed Stage 1 compensatory koala habitat areas in May and June 2019, and October and November 2020. The relevant methodology and results as they relate to retained koala habitat and Stage 1 compensatory koala habitat areas are reproduced in the following sections.
4.1.2 Monitoring locations The locations of baseline vegetation monitoring sites that occur within retained koala habitat and Stage 1 compensatory koala habitat areas are shown in FIGURE 5.
4.1.3 Plot-based vegetation surveys Plot-based vegetation surveys were undertaken at each relevant monitoring location. Vegetation survey sites were permanently marked (i.e. star pickets or wooden stakes) and the end positions identified on a sitemap using a hand-held Global Positioning System (GPS).
The plot-based vegetation surveys were based on a 20 m × 20 m plot (or 400 m2 equivalent for linear areas).
Survey plots were established around a central 50 m transect as follows: a) One (1) 400 m2 plot (standard 20 m x 20 m) is used to assess all performance indicators as set out in TABLE 3 below. b) Five (5) 1 m2 sub-plots can be added to the program for the first monitoring event to assess groundcover recruitment for the plot. A decision as to the utility of these plots can be made after the first or second monitoring events.
The assessor assessed the plot for the information contained in TABLE 3.
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TC300
KR01 LEGEND Koala Habitat Condition - Transect & Photo Point Location KFM27 KC01 KC14 KC02 Koala Habitat Condotion - Photo Point Location KC03 Kings Forest Boundary KR13 KR14 KR02 KC05 KC04 KFM32 TC81 KFM34 TC301 KFM33 KR03
KC15
KFM20 KC16 KR04 KFM19 KR15
KFM11 KC06 KC26 KC08 KR05 KC25 KC07 KFM36 KC21 KFM10 KFM09 KFM08 KFM07 KFM06 KR06
KR11 KR08 KC24 KC09 KC22 KR09 KC11 KR07 KFM05 KR12 TC77 KFM04 KFM03 KC35 KFM02
KR17 KFM37 KR16 KFM29
KFM18 KR18 KFM28
KFM26 KFM25 KFM24
KFM17 KFM01
KR21 KFM13 KFM12 KFM31 KFM30
KR19
KFM14 KFM16 KFM15
SOURCE: JWA Site Investigations 2019-2020; CLIENT TITLE Near Map Aug 2018 Aerial Photo Project 28 Pty Ltd FIGURE 5 KOALA HABITAT 0 500m PROJECT CONDITION 1 : 20 000 SCALE: 1 : 20 000 @ A3 Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report Kings Forest PREPARED: BW ASSESSMENTS JWA PTY LTD Melaleuca Drive, Duranbah, NSW DATE: 30 November 2020 Ecological Consultants & PHOTO POINTS Shire of Tweed FILE: N97017_BKAMR.dwg Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
TABLE 3 VEGETATION SURVEY DATA TO BE COLLECTED Attribute Survey Required Native Canopy Native canopy cover will be measured via the ‘line intercept Cover method’ along the 50 m transect. Key canopy species will be noted. Weed Canopy Cover Weed canopy cover will be measured via the ‘line intercept method’ along the 50 m transect. Individual canopy weed species should be assessed separately. Native Midstorey Estimate the % foliage cover of each native species within the Cover midstorey across the 400 m2 plot. Cover should be recorded in decimals if less than 1% (0.1, 0.2…), or whole numbers up to 5% (1, 2, 3…), or to the nearest 5% where greater than 5% cover (5, 10, 15, 20, 25…). Weed Presence in Estimate the % foliage cover of each weed species within the the Midstorey midstorey across the 400 m2 plot. Cover should be recorded in decimals if less than 1% (0.1, 0.2…), or whole numbers up to 5% (1, 2, 3…), or to the nearest 5% where greater than 5% cover (5, 10, 15, 20, 25…). Groundcover Estimate percentagecover of native species vs. weeds within each of the five (5) 1 m2 sub-plots. Cover should be recorded in decimals if less than 1% (0.1, 0.2…), or whole numbers up to 5% (1, 2, 3…), or to the nearest 5% where greater than 5% cover (5, 10, 15, 20, 25…). Identify each native and weed groundcover species.
The full species name (genus species) recorded for all native species, unless insufficient diagnostic plant material was present, in which case the genus name followed by a species number was used. Comments should also be included for all attributes (TABLE 3) on any notable variations elsewhere in the relevant management polygon - e.g. weeds occurring in the management polygon that are not (or poorly) represented in the transect.
4.2 Baseline Survey Results Relevant monitoring data sheets are provided in APPENDIX 2. A summary of the data collected for each relevant monitoring site is provided in TABLE 4.
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TABLE 4 SUMMARY OF BASELINE HABITAT CONDITON RESULTS Average* Midstorey Cover Canopy Cover Groundcover Plant Equivalent (20 m x 20 m Monitoring (50 m transect) (1 m x 1 m Management Zone Vegetation Class Community TVMS# plot) Site plots) Type* Code Native Exotic Native Exotic Native Exotic (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) Zone 4: Koala North Coast Dry KC03 1136 306 22 40 6.9 5 18 25 Compensatory Habitat Sclerophyll Forests Zone 4: Koala North Coast Dry KC09 1136 306 2 46 76.2 0 10 0 Compensatory Habitat Sclerophyll Forests Zone 4: Koala North Coast Dry KC14 1136 306 0 14 0 0 27 21 Compensatory Habitat Sclerophyll Forests Zone 4: Koala KC21 Highly modified - - 76 28 30 10 25 0 Compensatory Habitat Zone 4: Koala KC24 Highly modified - - 0 96 0 16 10 9 Compensatory Habitat Zone 4: Koala KC35 Highly modified - - 40 100 1 1 6 6 Compensatory Habitat Zone 2: Retained Coastal Swamp KFM02 1064 401 100 0 45 0 45 0 Koala Habitat Forests Zone 2: Retained Coastal Swamp KFM04 1064 403 60 36 0 2 0 47 Koala Habitat Forests Zone 2: Retained Coastal Swamp KFM05 1064 401 52 0 4 0 10 7 Koala Habitat Forests Zone 2: Retained Coastal Swamp KFM06 1230 305 82 0 42.1 0 30 10 Koala Habitat Forests
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Average* Midstorey Cover Canopy Cover Groundcover Plant Equivalent (20 m x 20 m Monitoring (50 m transect) (1 m x 1 m Management Zone Vegetation Class Community TVMS# plot) Site plots) Type* Code Native Exotic Native Exotic Native Exotic (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) Zone 2: Retained Coastal Swamp KFM07 1064 401 92 0 53.6 0 24 2 Koala Habitat Forests Zone 5: WSF Wallum sand KFM08 663 501 26 36 89.9 0 17 0 Compensatory Habitat heaths Zone 2: Retained Coastal Swamp KFM09 1064 401 68 0 3 0 34 2 Koala Habitat Forests Zone 2: Retained Coastal Swamp KFM10 1064 403 36 48 20 5 48 2 Koala Habitat Forests Zone 2: Retained North Coast Wet KFM13 693 307 48 0 33 0 60 2 Koala Habitat Sclerophyll Forests Zone 4: Koala North Coast Dry KFM15 682 307 84 0 26 1 33 0 Compensatory Habitat Sclerophyll Forests Zone 2: Retained Coastal Swamp KFM18 1064 401 94 0 60 0 28 2 Koala Habitat Forests Zone 2: Retained Coastal Swamp KFM19 1230 305 80 6 39.7 0.6 74 0 Koala Habitat Forests Zone 2: Retained Coastal Swamp KFM26 1064 401 74 0 9 0 68 0 Koala Habitat Forests Zone 2: Retained Coastal Swamp KFM27 1064 401 74 0 37 2.5 43 19 Koala Habitat Forests Zone 2: Retained Coastal Swamp KFM28 1230 305 72 0 90 0 37 0 Koala Habitat Forests
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD 16 Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
Average* Midstorey Cover Canopy Cover Groundcover Plant Equivalent (20 m x 20 m Monitoring (50 m transect) (1 m x 1 m Management Zone Vegetation Class Community TVMS# plot) Site plots) Type* Code Native Exotic Native Exotic Native Exotic (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) Zone 5: WSF Coastal Swamp KFM32 1230 305 38 0 11 17.1 14 84 Compensatory Habitat Forests Zone 2: Retained Coastal Swamp KFM33 1064 401 86 0 9.3 0 50 0 Koala Habitat Forests Zone 5: WSF Coastal Heath KFM34 1297 502 36 12 0 0 55 21 Compensatory Habitat Swamps Zone 2: Retained Coastal Swamp KFM36 1064 403 96 0 23 0 52 0 Koala Habitat Forests Zone 2: Retained Coastal Swamp KR01 1230 305 88 0 0.3 0.1 63 0 Koala Habitat Forests Zone 2: Retained Coastal Swamp KR02 1064 401 30 76 24 0 14.7 0 Koala Habitat Forests Zone 2: Retained Coastal Swamp KR07 1064 403 56 20 50 0 53 0 Koala Habitat Forests Zone 2: Retained Coastal Swamp KR08 1064 401 0 56 14 0 56 0 Koala Habitat Forests Zone 2: Retained Coastal Swamp KR13 1064 403 16 0 10 10 77 3 Koala Habitat Forests Zone 2: Retained Coastal Swamp KR14 1064 401 90 14 10 15 62 26 Koala Habitat Forests Zone 2: Retained Coastal Swamp KR15 1064 401 68 18 29 25.5 46 19 Koala Habitat Forests
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD 17 Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
Average* Midstorey Cover Canopy Cover Groundcover Plant Equivalent (20 m x 20 m Monitoring (50 m transect) (1 m x 1 m Management Zone Vegetation Class Community TVMS# plot) Site plots) Type* Code Native Exotic Native Exotic Native Exotic (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) Zone 2: Retained North Coast Dry KR19 1136 306 36 0 55 5 16 0.2 Koala Habitat Sclerophyll Forests Zone 2: Retained Coastal Swamp KR21 1230 305/306 100 0 50 0 50 0 Koala Habitat Forests Zone 2: Retained Coastal Swamp TC81 1064 401 92 4 2 3 62 36 Koala Habitat Forests Zone 2: Retained Coastal Swamp TC300 1230 305 100 0 10.9 5.5 29 0.02 Koala Habitat Forests Zone 2: Retained Coastal Swamp TC301 1230 305 44 12 17.4 0 17 0.06 Koala Habitat Forests
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5 PHOTO MONITORING 5.1 Monitoring Methodology 5.1.1 Introduction Photo point monitoring is to be completed throughout the Kings Forest development site in accordance with the relevant Vegetation Management Plans discussed in Section 4.1 above. Baseline photo point monitoring has been completed within retained koala habitat across the entire site and within proposed Stage 1 compensatory koala habitat areas in May and June 2019, and October and November 2020. The relevant methodology and results of photo point monitoring as they relate to retained koala habitat and Stage 1 compensatory koala habitat areas are reproduced in the following sections.
5.1.2 Monitoring locations The locations of photo point monitoring sites that occur within retained koala habitat and compensatory koala habitat areas are shown in FIGURE 5.
5.1.3 Photo Point Monitoring Permanent photo stations were installed at each relevant monitoring location. Where transects were also established, photo points were located on each transect. Four (4) photos were taken from each photo point. Photos were taken to the north, south, east and west.
5.1 Baseline Survey Results The results of photo point monitoring are included in APPENDIX 2 where the monitoring was completed in conjunction with the plot-based vegetation surveys. The results of additional photo point monitoring i.e. where habitat polygons are small in size or are not covered by transect and plot surveys, are contained in APPENDIX 3.
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6 DISCUSSION 6.1 Koala Activity 6.1.1 Discussion of Results No koalas were physically sighted during the surveys. Baseline koala density and population estimates could therefore not be estimated. Evidence of koala activity (scats) was detected however at 55% (n=22) of the forty (40) sampled sites during the baseline surveys.
Two (2) measures of occupancy are presented in the results of this report. Occupancy describes the proportion of a sampled area where the target species is present. The first measure is usage of habitat by koalas at any level (habitat utilisation rate), be it occasional or frequent. The second and more useful measure is occupancy by resident koala populations (koala occupancy rate). Changes in occupancy by resident koalas in a population is more meaningful, as it describes the trend as it relates to the majority of the koala population at any given time. The forty (40) field sites sampled during this baseline study provides good coverage of the habitat in the study area, are placed regularly throughout the landscape, and therefore provide a sound sample from which to examine trends over time.
The habitat utilisation rate (i.e. proportion of habitat occupied by resident koala populations) for the baseline survey is estimated at 12.5%. The koala occupancy rate (i.e. areas that are subject to any koala use, whether occasional or frequent e.g. transient), during the baseline survey is estimated at 55%.
Baseline habitat condition assessments and photo point monitoring has been completed and the relevant data collected to allow for comparison with future monitoring results.
6.1.2 Comparison with Historical Data One of the actions of the Tweed Coast Comprehensive Koala Plan of Management (TCCKPoM) (TSC 2015b) is the ongoing monitoring of koala activity throughout the Tweed Coast study area (see Section 13 of the plan). The Tweed Coast Koala Habitat Study (Phillips et al. 2011) provided a comprehensive overview of the status of the koala population on the Tweed Coast at that time. The subsequent TCCKPoM required an initial reassessment of koalas on the Tweed Coast to be completed within 12 months of the plan’s commencement, and ongoing monitoring events at three-yearly intervals thereafter. The initial reassessment was completed in 2015, five years after the initial study (TSC 2015a). The third assessment of koala activity in this long-term monitoring project was completed in 2018 (TSC 2019).
The above studies included an assessment of koala activity levels within the Individual Koala Plan of Management (IKPoM) area in which the Kings Forest site is located. A total of eight (8) of the forty (40) field sites on the Kings Forest site were assessed during 2015 and 2018 studies and have now been reassessed as part of the Kings Forest baseline surveys.
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD 20 Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
Koala activity has historically been observed to be widespread throughout the eastern portion of the Kings Forest IKPoM area and adjacent Cudgen Nature Reserve (TSC 2015a and 2019). Other areas of the Kings Forest site have historically recorded low activity or were inactive. FIGURE 6 illustrates changes in activity level at each of the field sites during these historical studies compared to the recent Kings Forest baseline survey.
FIGURE 6: KOALA ACTIVITY LEVEL COMPARISION BETWEEN THE CURRENT 2020 BASELINE SURVEY AND HISTORIC RECORDS
Activity levels have increased significantly at TC300 compared to previous records at this site. Activity levels at five (5) of the sites (i.e. KFM02, KFM28, KFM01, KFM15, KFM18) have remained reasonably consistent, while the activity levels at the remaining two (2) sites (i.e. TC301, KFM19) have shown some decline since 2018 (FIGURE 6).
6.2 Habitat Condition Existing koala habitat on the Kings Forest site covers a total area of approximately 214.49 ha. Due to past disturbances including pine plantation, sand mining, pasture improvement and turf production, dairy farming, small cropping and sugar cane production, koala habitat on the Kings Forest site is in generally in poor or poor/moderate condition. Furthermore, a large portion of the northern SEPP 14 wetland on the Kings Forest site, including areas of Secondary koala habitat proposed to be retained, was burnt by a high- intensity fire in January 2019.
The results of the baseline habitat condition monitoring indicate that 17 of the 27 retained habitat monitoring locations contained exotic species in the canopy (mostly Slash pine) ranging from 4% - 94% canopy cover. The midstorey contained varying degrees of exotic species across the site with 13 of the 27 retained habitat monitoring locations containing exotic species in the midstorey ranging from 0.1% - 25.5% cover. Common weed species included regenerating Slash pine and Camphor laurel as well as Lantana, Winter senna and Mickey mouse plant. The groundcover across 16 of the 27 monitoring
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD 21 Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest locations contained exotic species ranging from 0.02 % - 47% cover with Pigeon grass and Broad-leaved paspalum the most common.
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD 22 Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
7 ONGOING MONITORING AND REPORTING REQUIREMENTS The results contained in this Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report will form the baseline for future monitoring. Ongoing koala activity monitoring shall be completed over the entire Kings Forest site on a biennial basis (i.e. every two [2] years) as a responsibility of the proponent, from the date of commencement of works, and will continue for a period extending to five (5) years after completion of the final precinct or until the all retained habitat is transferred to public ownership, whichever is sooner.
Biennial koala activity monitoring will include: • diurnal searches of Kings Forest koala habitat; • a full measure of koala activity (i.e. application of Spot Assessment Technique (SAT) methodology (Phillips and Callaghan (2011); • an assessment of the condition of available koala habitat; • continued monitoring of permanent photo monitoring points; and • monitoring of underpass usage (once constructed) using sand tray monitoring and/or camera traps.
In the event of an uncontrolled bushfire occurring on the Kings Forest site, an additional koala activity monitoring event will be completed by a suitably qualified ecologist.
An Annual KPoM Monitoring Report is to be prepared and will include the results of monitoring of the following items (as detailed in the KPoM): • Koala activity monitoring (Biennially); • Retained koala habitat monitoring (to be completed as part of the approved Kings Forest Vegetation Management Plans); • Compensatory koala habitat monitoring; and • Koala infrastructure, construction and operational management.
The Annual KPoM Monitoring Report will also include a reconciliation against all relevant State and Commonwealth conditions of approval, and a discussion of findings and any recommendations for corrective actions.
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD 23 Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
REFERENCES JWA (2019) Kings Forest Koala Plan of Management. Report to Project 28 Pty Ltd.
Phillips, S., and Callaghan, J. (2011) The “Spot Assessment Technique”: a tool for determining localized levels of habitat use by Koalas Phascolarctos cinereus. Australian Zoologist: 35(3), 774 – 780.
Phillips, S., Hopkins, M., and Shelton, M. (2011) Tweed Coast Koala Habitat Study. Report to Tweed Shire Council. Biolink Ecological Consultants.
Tweed Shire Council (TSC) (2015a) Tweed Coast Koala Study. Tweed Shire Council, Murwillumbah, NSW.
Tweed Shire Council (TSC) (2015b) Tweed Coast Comprehensive Koala Plan of Management. Tweed Shire Council, Murwillumbah, NSW.
Tweed Shire Council (TSC) (2019) Tweed Coast Koala Study 2018. Tweed Shire Council, Murwillumbah, NSW.
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD 24 Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
APPENDIX 1 - BASELINE KOALA SURVEY RESULTS
Trees Surveyed No. of Trees with Scats Koalas Present Koala Activity Site Species Number
Broad-leaved paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia) 29 0 TC 81 x x Camphor laurel* (Cinnamomum camphora)1 (inactive) Swamp mahogany (Eucalyptus robusta) 5 Scribbly gum (Eucalyptus racemosa) 8 Slash pine* (Pinus elliottii) 8 27% KFM 15 Weeping Baeckea (Baeckea frutescens) 2 8 x (significant) Swamp box (Lophostemon suaveolens) 1 Blackbutt (Eucalyptus pilularis) 5 Broad-leaved paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia) 1 Hard corkwood (Endiandra sieberi) 3 Swamp mahogany (Eucalyptus robusta) 16 13% KFM 16 4 x Broad-leaved paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia) 10 (low) Narrow-leaved paperbark (Melaleuca alternifolia) 1 Camphor laurel* (Cinnamomum camphora) 2 Swamp mahogany (Eucalyptus robusta) 13 Swamp box (Lophostemon suaveolens) 1 0 KFM 19 x x Broad-leaved paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia) 12 (inactive) Euodia (Melicope elleryana) 1 Cheese tree (Glochidion ferdinandi) 1 Broad-leaved paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia) 25 0 KFM 34 x x Slash pine* (Pinus elliottii) 5 (inactive) Swamp mahogany (Eucalyptus robusta) 17 KFM 20 14 x 47% (significant) Swamp box (Lophostemon suaveolens) 1
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD 25 Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
Trees Surveyed No. of Trees with Scats Koalas Present Koala Activity Site Species Number
Slash pine* (Pinus elliottii) 8 Broad-leaved paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia) 2 Cheese tree (Glochidion ferdinandi) 11 Broad-leaved paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia) 10 0 KFM 32 Swamp she-oak (Casuarina glauca) 2 x x (inactive) Slash pine* (Pinus elliottii) 5 Sandpaper fig (Ficus coronata) 1 Broad-leaved paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia) 20 0 TC 77 x x Slash pine* (Pinus elliottii) 10 (inactive) 0 KFM 05 Broad-leaved paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia) 30 x x (inactive) Broad-leaved paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia) 7 Small-leaved fig (Ficus obliqua) 2 Foambark (Jagera pseudorhus) 1 Tantoon (Leptospermum polygalifolium) 4 Blueberry ash (Elaeocarpus reticulatus) 2 Swamp box (Lophostemon suaveolens) 4 10% KFM 18 3 x Ribbonwood (Euroschinus falcatus) 4 (low) Euodia (Melicope elleryana) 1 Bolly gum (Neolitsea dealbata) 1 Common lilly pilly (Acmena smithii) 1 Blackbutt (Eucalyptus pilularis) 1 Cheese tree (Glochidion ferdinandi) 1 Broad-leaved paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia) 26 0 KFM 09 x x Slash pine* (Pinus elliottii) 2 (inactive)
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Trees Surveyed No. of Trees with Scats Koalas Present Koala Activity Site Species Number
Australian blackwood (Acacia melanoxylon)1 Euodia (Melicope elleryana) 1 Broad-leaved paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia) 19 Euodia (Melicope elleryana) 1 Cheese tree (Glochidion ferdinandi) 4 0 KFM 10 x x Slash pine* (Pinus elliottii) 3 (inactive) Australian blackwood (Acacia melanoxylon) 1 Swamp mahogany (Eucalyptus robusta) 2 Swamp mahogany (Eucalyptus robusta) 1 Broad-leaved paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia) 12 0 KFM 17 x x Slash pine* (Pinus elliottii) 15 (inactive) Swamp box (Lophostemon suaveolens) 2 Tallowwood (Eucalyptus microcorys) 5 Pink bloodwood (Corymbia intermedia) 6 Blackbutt (Eucalyptus pilularis) 11 3% KFM 13 Forest oak (Allocasuarina torulosa) 2 1 x (low) Northern grey ironbark (Eucalyptus siderophloia) 1 Thick-leaved mahogany (Eucalyptus carnea) 1 Brush box (Lophostemon confertus) 4 Swamp mahogany (Eucalyptus robusta) 23 Slash pine* (Pinus elliottii) 1 Broad-leaved paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia) 3 KFM 12 7 x 23% (significant) Snow-in-summer (Melaleuca linariifolia) 1 Blueberry ash (Elaeocarpus reticulatus) 1 Weeping Baeckea (Baeckea frutescens) 1
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD 27 Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
Trees Surveyed No. of Trees with Scats Koalas Present Koala Activity Site Species Number
Broad-leaved paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia) 17 Grey gum (Eucalyptus propinqua) 1 Australian blackwood (Acacia melanoxylon) 1 7% KFM 14 2 x Swamp box (Lophostemon suaveolens) 4 (low) Blackbutt (Eucalyptus pilularis) 6 Pink bloodwood (Corymbia intermedia) 1 Broad-leaved paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia) 11 0 KFM 11 Camphor laurel* (Cinnamomum camphora) 17 x x (inactive) Ficus sp. 2 Swamp mahogany (Eucalyptus robusta) 26 Snow-in-summer (Melaleuca linariifolia) 2 13% KFM 01 4 x Coastal beard-heath (Leucopogon parviflorus) 1 (low) Blueberry ash (Elaeocarpus reticulatus) 1 Broad-leaved paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia) 28 3% KFM 21 1 x Australian blackwood (Acacia melanoxylon) 2 (low) Broad-leaved paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia) 25 3% KFM 22 1 x Swamp box (Lophostemon suaveolens) 5 (low) 10% KFM 23 Broad-leaved paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia) 30 3 x (low) Forest red gum (Eucalyptus tereticornis) 1 20% KFM 24 Broad-leaved paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia) 21 6 x (low) Swamp box (Lophostemon suaveolens) 8 Broad-leaved paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia) 24 0 KFM 25 Swamp she-oak (Casuarina glauca)2x x (inactive) Brown kurrajong (Commersonia bartramia)2
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD 28 Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
Trees Surveyed No. of Trees with Scats Koalas Present Koala Activity Site Species Number
Australian blackwood (Acacia melanoxylon) 2 Scribbly gum (Eucalyptus racemosa) 4 Swamp mahogany (Eucalyptus robusta) 14 7% KFM 31 2 x Tantoon (Leptospermum polygalifolium) 11 (low) Blueberry ash (Elaeocarpus reticulatus) 1 0 KFM 30 Broad-leaved paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia) 30 x x (inactive) Swamp box (Lophostemon suaveolens) 10 7% KFM 26 2 x Broad-leaved paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia) 20 (low) Swamp box (Lophostemon suaveolens) 12 20% KFM 37 Blueberry ash (Elaeocarpus reticulatus) 13 6 x (low) Broad-leaved paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia) 5 Broad-leaved paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia) 29 0 KFM 04 x x Slash pine* (Pinus elliottii) 1 (inactive) KFM 02 0 Broad-leaved paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia) 30 x x (inactive) Swamp box (Lophostemon suaveolens) 10 Pink bloodwood (Corymbia intermedia) 1 Brush box (Lophostemon confertus) 1 Swamp she-oak (Casuarina glauca) 1 13% KFM 03 4 x Slash pine* (Pinus elliottii) 6 (low) Broad-leaved paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia) 5 Tantoon (Leptospermum polygalifolium) 4 Hard corkwood (Endiandra sieberi) 2 KFM 28 Swamp mahogany (Eucalyptus robusta) 29 4 x 13%
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD 29 Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
Trees Surveyed No. of Trees with Scats Koalas Present Koala Activity Site Species Number
Tantoon (Leptospermum polygalifolium) 1(low) Pink bloodwood (Corymbia intermedia) 4 Brush box (Lophostemon confertus) 2 Leptospermum sp. 4 0 KFM 29 Black sheoak (Allocasuarina littoralis) 10 x x (inactive) Wallum banksia (Banksia aemula) 6 Corkwood (Duboisia myoporoides) 1 Swamp mahogany (Eucalyptus robusta) 3 Swamp mahogany (Eucalyptus robusta) 10 Broad-leaved paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia) 4 Cheese tree (Glochidion ferdinandi) 2 20% KFM 06 6 x Silvertop (Eucalyptus seiberi) 1 (low) Swamp box (Lophostemon suaveolens) 12 Pink bloodwood (Corymbia intermedia) 1 Swamp mahogany (Eucalyptus robusta) 3 Broad-leaved paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia) 14 KFM 07 Pink bloodwood (Corymbia intermedia) 4 10 x 33% (significant) Swamp box (Lophostemon suaveolens) 8 Euodia (Melicope elleryana) 1 0 KFM 36 Broad-leaved paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia) 30 x x (inactive) Blueberry ash (Elaeocarpus reticulatus) 4 Slash pine* (Pinus elliottii) 13 0 KFM 08 x x Narrow-leaved paperbark (Melaleuca alternifolia) 2 (inactive) Tantoon (Leptospermum polygalifolium) 1
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD 30 Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
Trees Surveyed No. of Trees with Scats Koalas Present Koala Activity Site Species Number
Broad-leaved paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia) 5 Euodia (Melicope elleryana) 1 Broad-leaved lilly pilly (Acmena hemilampra) 1 Swamp mahogany (Eucalyptus robusta) 1 Swamp box (Lophostemon suaveolens) 1 Swamp mahogany (Eucalyptus robusta) 15 20% TC 301 6 x Slash pine* (Pinus elliottii) 15 (low) Broad-leaved paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia) 28 7% KFM 33 2 x Swamp she-oak (Casuarina glauca) 2 (low) Swamp mahogany (Eucalyptus robusta) 20 Broad-leaved paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia) 7 57% TC 300 17 x Strangler fig (Ficus watkinsiana) 1 (significant) Cheese tree (Glochidion ferdinandi) 2 Broad-leaved paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia) 7 Umbrella tree* (Schefflera actinophylla) 2 Cheese tree (Glochidion ferdinandi) 2 0 KFM 27 Small-leaved fig (Ficus obliqua) 2 x x (inactive) Brush box (Lophostemon confertus) 1 Euodia (Melicope elleryana) 15 Pink bloodwood (Corymbia intermedia) 1
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD 31 Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
APPENDIX 2 – VEGETATION MONITORING DATA SHEETS
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD 32 Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
MONITORING LOCATION: TC81 Broad-leaved paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia), Cheese tree (Glochidion ferdinandi), Bunchy sedge (Cyperus polystachyos), Enydra sp. Native Species List Spotted knotweed (Persicaria strigosa), Swamp ricegrass (Leersia hexandra), Ranunculus sp., Elaeocharis sp., Swamp water fern (Telmatoblechnum indicum), Native violet (Viola hederacea) Camphor laurel (Cinnamomum camphora), Lantana (Lantana camara), Slash pine Exotic Species List (Pinus elliottii), Broad-leaved paspalum (Paspalum mandiocanum), Wandering jew (Tradescantia fluminensis), Cuphea sp. 46 Native Melaleuca (92% Canopy (%) quinquenervia 50m ) Transect Exotic 2 Pinus elliottii Canopy (%) (4%)
Native Glochidion ferdinandi/1% Midstorey (R) Melaleuca (species/%) quinquenervia/1%
20x20m Quadrat
Exotic (R) Cinnamomum camphora/2% Midstorey (R) Pinus elliottii/0.5% (species/%) Lantana camara/0.5%
Native Enydra sp. Ground 50 Bunchy sedge Persicaria strigosa Cover (%) Ranunculus sp. Plot 1 Paspalum Exotic mandiocanum* Ground 50 Tradescantia fluminensis* Cover (%) Cuphea sp.* Native Plot 2 Ground 100 Cyperus polystachyos Enydra sp. Cover (%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
Persicaria strigosa Leersia hexandra Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Ground 90 Cover (%) Persicaria strigosa Plot 3 Enydra sp. Exotic Elaeocharis sp. Ground 0 Cover (%) Native Ground 50 Telmatoblechnum Cover (%) indicum Plot 4 Paspalum Exotic mandiocanum* Ground 50 Persicaria strigosa Cover (%) Native Ground 20 Viola hederacea Cover (%) Plot 5 Paspalum Exotic mandiocanum* Cuphea sp.* Ground 80 Cover (%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
MONITORING LOCATION: TC300 Swamp mahogany (Eucalyptus robusta), Brown bolly gum (Litsea australis), Scrambling lilly (Geitonoplesium cymosum), Smilax (Smilax australis), Broad- leaved lilly pilly (Acmena hemilampra), Tall saw-sedge (Gahnia clarkei), Amylotheca dictyophleba, Tuckeroo (Cupaniopsis anacardioides), Guioa (Guoia semiglauca), Spiny-headed mat-rush (Lomandra longifolia), Blue flax-lily (Dianella carulea), Monkey rope (Parsonsia straminea), Bracken fern (Pteridium Native Species List esculentum), Baeckea fruitescens, Atractocarpus benthamianus, Baloskion tetraphyllum, Midgen berry (Austromyrtus dulcis), Broad-leaved paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia), Logan apple (Acronychia imperforata), Orange thorn (Pittosporum multiflorum), Milk vine (Marsdenia rostrata), Wonga wonga vine (Pandorea pandorana), Native cherry (Exocarpos cupressiformis), Foambark (Jagera pseudorhus var. pseudorhus), Strangler fig (Ficus watkinsiana), Ribbonwood (Euroschinus falcatus var. falcatus), Ottochloa gracillima Ground asparagus (Asparagus aethiopicus), Senna pendula, Coral berry (Ardisia crenata), Morning glory (Ipomoea cairica), Cocos palm (Syagrus romanzoffiana), Exotic Species List Broad-leaved paspalum (Paspalum mandiocanum), Lantana (Lantana camara), Ochna (Ochna serrulata), Climbing lily (Gloriosa superba)
Eucalyptus robusta Native 50 Melaleuca quinquenervia Canopy (%) (100%) Litsea australis 50m Transect Exotic 0 n/a Canopy (%)
Acmena hemilampra/10% Cupaniopsis anacardioides/0.5% Guoia semiglauca/0.2% Native Euroschinus falcatus var. Midstorey falcatus/0.2% (species/%) Jagera pseudorhus var. pseudorhus/0.1% Ficus watkinsiana/0.1% 20x20m Quadrat
Exotic Senna pendulata/5% Midstorey Syagrus romanzoffiana/0.5% (species/%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
Native Ground 15 Cover (%)
Plot 1 (S) midstorey Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Ground 15 Cover (%) Smilax australis Plot 2 Gahnia clarkei Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Plot 3 Ground 25 Lomandra longifolia Cover (%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Ground 10 Cover (%) Baloskion tetraphyllum Gahnia clarkei Plot 4 (S) midstorey sp. Exotic Ground 0.1 (S) Pinus elliotti* Cover (%)
Native Ground 80 Cover (%) Baloskion tetraphyllum Lomandra longifolia Plot 5 Smilax australis Exotic Ground 0 (R) Pandorea pandorana Cover (%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
MONITORING LOCATION: TC301 Swamp mahogany (Eucalyptus robusta), Baeckea frutescens, Blueberry ash (Elaeocarpus reticulatus), Bracken fern (Pteridium esculentum), Chaffy bush- pea (Pultanea paleacea), Tall saw-sedge (Gahnia clarkei), Leucopogon leptospermoides, Swamp water fern (Telmatoblechnum indicum), Baloskion tetraphyllum, Monkey rope (Parsonsia straminea), Satinwood (Nematolepis Native Species List squamea subsp. squamea), Monotoca scoparia, Cassytha pubescens, Queensland blue couch (Digitaria didactyla), Spoon-leaved sundew (Drosera spatulata), Purple coral pea (Hardenbergia violacea), Geebung (Persoonia stradbrokensis), Broad-leaved paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia), Spreading rope-rush (Empodisma minus) Exotic Species List Slash pine (Pinus elliottii)
Native 22 Eucalyptus robusta Canopy (%) (44%) Melaleuca quinquenervia 50m Transect
Exotic 6 Canopy Pinus elliottii (12%) (species/%)
Native Elaeocarpus reticulatus/15% Midstorey Nematolepis squamea/2% (species/%) Persoonia stradbrokensis/0.4%
20x20m Quadrat
Exotic Midstorey n/a (species/%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
Native Ground 35 Cover (%)
Gahnia clarkei Plot 1 Leucopogon leptospermoides Telmatoblechnum indicum (S) upper strata Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Leucopogon leptospermoides Plot 2 Ground 25 Baloskion tetraphyllum Cover (%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Ground 0 Cover (%)
Plot 3 (S) Pinus elliotti*
Exotic Ground 0.1 Cover (%)
Native Ground 10 Cover (%)
Plot 4 Leucopogon leptospermoides (S) Pinus elliotti*
Exotic Ground 0.1 Cover (%)
Native Monotoca scorparia Plot 5 Ground 15 Baloskion tetraphyllum Cover (%) (S) Pinus elliotti*
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
Exotic Ground 0.1 Cover (%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
MONITORING LOCATION: KR01 Swamp mahogany (Eucalyptus robusta), Scribbly gum (Eucalyptus racemosa), Baeckea frutescens, Tall saw-sedge (Gahnia clarkei), Baloskion tetraphyllum, Red ash (Alphitonia excelsa), Wonga wonga vine (Pandorea pandorana), Milk vine (Marsdenia rostrata), Blueberry ash (Elaeocarpus reticulatus), Smilax (Smilax australis), Pomax umbellata, Spiny-headed mat-rush (Lomandra longifolia), Brown bolly gum (Litsea australis), Swamp water fern (Telmatoblechnum indicum), Broad-leaved paperbark (Melaleuca Native Species List quinquenervia), Monkey rope (Parsonsia straminea), Archontophoenix cunninghamiana, Midgen berry (Austromyrtus dulcis), Logan apple (Acronychia imperforata), Leucopogon leptospermoides, Flax-leaved paperbark (Melaleuca linariifolia), Blue flax-lily (Dianella carulea), Guioa (Guoia semiglauca), Zieria smithii, Scrambling lilly (Geitonoplesium cymosum), Satinwood (Nematolepis squamea subsp. squamea), Green five-corners (Styphelia viridis), Bracken fern (Pteridium esculentum) Slash pine (Pinus elliottii), Umbrella tree (Schefflera actinophylla), Camphor Exotic Species List laurel (Cinnamomum camphora)
Eucalyptus robusta Native 44 Eucalyptus racemosa Canopy (%) (88%) Melaleuca quinquenervia 50m Transect
Exotic 0 n/a Canopy (%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
Native Alphitonia excelsa/0.1% Midstorey Litsea australis/0.1% (species/%) Guioa semiglauca/0.1%
20x20m Quadrat
Exotic Midstorey Schefflera actinophylla/0.1% (species/%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
Native Ground 60 Cover (%)
Plot 1 Pteridium esculentum Smilax australis
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Ground 50 Cover (%)
Gahnia clarkei Plot 2 Pteridium esculentum Smilax australis
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Plot 3 Ground 40 Gahnia clarkei Cover (%) Pteridium esculentum
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Ground 75 Cover (%)
Plot 4 Gahnia clarkei
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Ground 90 Cover (%)
Plot 5 Gahnia clarkei
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
MONITORING LOCATION: KR02 Broad-leaved paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia), Scribbly gum (Eucalyptus racemosa), Swamp mahogany (Eucalyptus robusta), Blueberry ash (Elaeocarpus reticulatus), Midgen berry (Austromyrtus dulcis), Tall saw-sedge (Gahnia clarkei), Native bleeding heart (Homalanthus populifolius), Blackwood (Acacia melanoxylon), Baloskion tetraphyllum, Smilax (Smilax australis), Wonga wonga vine (Pandorea pandorana), Milk vine (Marsdenia rostrata), Tuckeroo (Cupaniopsis anacardioides), Monkey rope (Parsonsia straminea), Caustis Native Species List recurvata, Baeckea frutescens, Satinwood (Nematolepis squamea subsp. squamea), Bracken fern (Pteridium esculentum), Green five-corners (Styphelia viridis), Leucopogon leptospermoides, Monotoca elliptica, Purple coral pea (Hardenbergia violacea), Geebung (Persoonia stradbrokensis), Broad-leaved lilly pilly (Acmena hemilampra), Spiny-headed mat-rush (Lomandra longifolia), Bottlebrush (Callistemon salignus), Golden pea tree (Daviesia arborea), Tantoon (Leptospermum polygalifolium), Swamp wattle (Acacia elongata), Pink flowered doughwood (Melicope elleryana), Dusky coral pea (Kennedia rubicunda) Exotic Species List Slash pine (Pinus elliottii)
Eucalyptus robusta Native 15 Melaleuca quinquenervia Canopy (%) (30%) 50m Eucalyptus racemosa Transect Exotic 38 Pinus elliottii Canopy (%) (76%)
Elaeocarpus reticulatus/12% Native Acacia melanoxylon/1% 20x20m Midstorey Acmena hemilampra/1% Quadrat (species/%) Cupaniopsis anacardioides/0.5% Melicope elleryana/0.2%
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
Exotic Midstorey n/a (species/%)
Native Baloskion tetraphyllum Plot 1 Ground 20 Gahnia clarkei Cover (%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Ground 70 Cover (%) Gahnia clarkei Plot 2 Pteridium esculentum Telmatoblechnum indicum Caustis recurvata Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Ground 20 Cover (%) Telmatoblechnum indicum Baloskion tetraphyllum Plot 3 Leucopogon leptospermoides Caustis recurvata Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Pteridium esculentum Plot 4 Ground 25 Gahnia clarkei Cover (%) Baloskion tetraphyllum
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Ground 50 Cover (%)
Plot 5 Pteridium esculentum
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
MONITORING LOCATION: KR07 Broad-leaved paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia), Acacia sp, Eucalyptus sp. regeneration, Allocasuarina sp., Hakea sp. Persoonia stradbrokensis, Native Species List Leoptospermum sp., Blady grass (Imperata cylindrica), Spiny-headed mat-rush (Lomandra longifolia) Exotic Species List Slash pine (Pinus elliottii) Native 28 Melaleuca quinquenervia 50m Canopy (%) (56%) Transect Exotic 10 Pinus elliottii Canopy (%) (20%)
Leoptospermun sp./20% Native Persoonia stradbrokensis/10% Midstorey (R) Melaleuca quinquenervia/10% (species/%) Allocasuarina sp./5% Hakea sp./5%
20x20m Quadrat
Exotic Midstorey n/a (species/%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
Native Ground 85 Cover (%) (S) Melaleuca quinquenervia Plot 1 Lomandra longifolia
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Ground 40 Cover (%)
Plot 2 Lomandra longifolia Imperata cylindrica Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Ground 60 Cover (%) Lomandra longifolia Plot 3 Imperata cylindrica Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Ground 55 Cover (%) Lomandra longifolia Plot 4
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Lomandra longifolia Plot 5 Ground 25
Cover (%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
MONITORING LOCATION: KR08 Broad-leaved paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia), Swamp box (Lophostemon suaveolens), Geebung (Persoonia stradbrokensis), Hairy bush-pea (Pultenaea villosa), Didgery sticks (Baloskion pallens), Twig rush (Baumea rubiginosa), Narrow-leaved geebung (Persoonia linearis), Swamp wattle (Acacia elongata), Cassytha pubescens, Purple coral pea (Hardenbergia violacea), Blueberry ash Native Species List (Elaeocarpus reticulatus), Lygodium microphyllum, Monkey rope (Parsonsia straminea), Coastal wattle (Acacia longifolia subsp. Sophorae), Blady grass (Imperata cylindrica), Bracken fern (Pteridium esculentum), Milk vine (Marsdenia rostrata), Monotoca scoparia, Wiry panic (Entolasia stricta), Swamp mahogany (Eucalyptus robusta), Spiny-headed mat-rush (Lomandra longifolia) Exotic Species List Slash pine (Pinus elliottii)
Native 0 n/a Canopy (%) 50m Transect Exotic 28 Pinus elliottii Canopy (%) (56%)
Persoonia stradbrokensis/10% Acacia longifolia subsp. Native Sophorae/2% Midstorey Persoonia linarifolia/1% (species/%) Acacia elongata/0.5% Elaeocarpus reticulatus/0.5%
20x20m Quadrat
Exotic
Midstorey n/a (species/%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
Native Ground 80 Cover (%)
Plot 1 Baloskion pallens
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Plot 2 Ground 60 Lomandra longifolia Baloskion pallens Cover (%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Ground 50 Cover (%)
Plot 3 Lomandra longifolia Pteridium esculentum
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Ground 50 Cover (%)
Plot 4 Lomandra longifolia Pteridium esculentum
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Plot 5 Ground 40 Lomandra longifolia Cover (%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
MONITORING LOCATION: KFM36
Broad-leaved paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia), Monkey rope (Personsia straminea), Pink flowered doughwood (Melicope elleryana), Swamp water fern Native Species List (Telmatoblechnum indicum), Juncus sp., Climbing snake fern (Lygodium microphyllum)
Exotic Species List n/a Native 48 Canopy Melaleuca quinquenervia (96%) 50m (%) Transect Exotic Canopy 0 n/a (%)
Native Midstorey (R) Melaleuca quinquenervia/20% (species/ Melicope elleryana/3% %)
20x20m Quadrat
Exotic Midstorey n/a (species/ %)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
Native Ground 60 Cover (%)
Plot 1 Juncus sp. Exotic Telmatoblechnum indicum Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Ground 50 Cover (%) Juncus sp. Plot 2 Telmatoblechnum indicum
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Ground 70 Cover (%) Juncus sp. Plot 3 Telmatoblechnum indicum Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Ground 50 Cover (%) Juncus sp. Plot 4 Telmatoblechnum indicum Lygodium microphyllum Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Juncus sp. Plot 5 Ground 30 Telmatoblechnum indicum Cover (%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
MONITORING LOCATION: KR13 Broad-leaved paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia), Swamp water fern (Telmatoblechnum indicum), Bracken fern (Pteridium esculentum), Native Native Species List bleeding heart (Homalanthus populifolius), Nasturtium tree (Macaranga tanarius) Exotic Species List Slash pine (Pinus elliottii) Native 8 Melaleuca quinquenervia 50m Canopy (%) (16%) Transect Exotic 0 n/a Canopy (%)
Native Midstorey Homalanthus populifolius/10% (species/%)
20x20m Quadrat
Exotic Midstorey (R) Pinus elliottii/10% (species/%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
Native Ground 50 Cover (%) Telmatoblechnum indicum Plot 1 (R) Melaleuca quinquenervia (S) Pinus elliottii Exotic Ground 15 Cover (%)
Native Ground 100 Cover (%) Telmatoblechnum indicum Plot 2 (R) Melaleuca quinquenervia Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Ground 75 Cover (%) Telmatoblechnum indicum Plot 3 Pteridium esculentum
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Ground 80 Cover (%) Telmatoblechnum indicum Plot 4 (R) Homalanthus populifolius
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Plot 5 Ground 80 Telmatoblechnum indicum Cover (%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
MONITORING LOCATION: KR14 Broad-leaved paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia), Bangalow palm (Archontophoenix cunninghamiana), Blueberry ash (Elaeocarpus reticulatus), Native bleeding heart (Homalanthus populifolius), Cheese tree (Glochidion Native Species List ferdinandi), Brush kurrajong (Androcalva fraseri), Stangler fig (Ficus watkinsiana), Swamp water fern (Telmatoblechnum indicum), Binung fern (Christella dentata), Spotted knotweed (Persicaria strigosa), Leafy sedge (Cyperus lucidus) Camphor laurel (Cinnamomum camphora), Paspalum sp., Broad-leaved Exotic Species List paspalum (Paspalum mandiocanum) Native 45 Melaleuca quinquenervia Canopy (%) (90%) 50m Transect Exotic 7 Cinnamomum camphora Canopy (%) (14%)
Glochidion ferdinandi/1% Native Elaeocarpus reticulatus/2% Midstorey Homalanthus populifolius/1% (species/%) (R) Ficus watkinsiana/5% (R) Melaleuca quinquenervia/1%
20x20m Quadrat
Exotic Midstorey (R) Cinnamomum camphora/15% (species/%)
Native Ground Cover 50 (%) Telmatoblechnum indicum Plot 1 Christella dentata Exotic (S) Cinnamomum camphora* Ground Cover 10 (%) Native Ground Cover 80 Telmatoblechnum indicum (%) Plot 2 Persicaria strigosa Exotic Christella dentata Paspalum sp.* Ground Cover 20 (%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
Native Ground Cover 50 (%) Telmatoblechnum indicum Persicaria strigosa Christella dentata Plot 3 Paspalum sp.* Exotic Cyperus lucidus Ground Cover 50 Paspalum mandiocanum* (%) Paspalum sp.*
Native Ground Cover 40 Telmatoblechnum indicum (%) Persicaria strigosa Plot 4 Christella dentata Exotic Paspalum mandiocanum* Ground Cover 50 (S) Cinnamomum camphora* (%) Native Ground Cover 90 (%) Plot 5 Telmatoblechnum indicum Exotic Ground Cover 0 (%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
MONITORING LOCATION: KR15 Strangler fig (Ficus watkinsiana), White fig (Ficus carica), Broad-leaved paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia), Bangalow palm (Archontophoenix cunninghamiana), Cheese tree (Glochidion ferdinandi), Sandpaper fig (Ficus coronata), Pink flowered doughwood (Melicope elleryana), Cocksupr thorn (Maclura cochinchinensis), Common lilly pilly (Syzygium smithii), Red kamala Native Species List (Mallotus philippensis), Muttonwood (Rapanea variabilis), Guioa (Guioa semiglauca), Foambark (Jagera pseudorhus), Swamp wattle (Acacia retinodes), Tuckeroo (Cupaniopsis anacardioides), Burny vine (Trophis scandens), Morinda sp., Three veined laurel (Cryptocarya triplinervis), Prixkly smilax (Smilax australis), Leafy sedge (Cyperus lucidus), Spotted knotweed (Persicaria strigosa), Binung (Christella dentata), Bats wing fern (Histiopteris incisa) Camphor laurel (Cinnamomum camphora), Lantana (Lantana camara), Chinese elm (Ulmus parvifolia), Easter cassia (Senna pendula), Ochna (Ochna serrulata), Cocos palm (Syagrus romanzoffiana), Mist flower (Ageratina Exotic Species List riparia), Umbrella tree (Schefflera actinophylla), Bush lemon (Citrus sp.), Blue billygoat weed (Ageratum houstonianum), Broad-leafed paspalum (Paspalum mandiocanum)
Ficus carica Ficus watkinsiana Native 34 Archontophoenix Canopy (%) (68%) 50m cunninghamiana Transect Melaleuca quinquenervia
Exotic 9 Cinnamomum camphora Canopy (%) (18%) Syagrus romanzoffiana
(R) Ficus/20% Melicope elleryana/2% Maclura cochinchinensis/1% Syzygium smithii/0.5% Archontophoenix cunninghamiana/0.5% Native Mallotus philippensis/0.5% Midstorey Rapanea variabilis/0.5% (species/%) Guioa semiglauca/0.5% Jagera pseudorhus/0.5% Acacia retinodes/0.5% 20x20m Cupaniopsis anacardioides/0.5% Quadrat Trophis scandens/1% Morinda Sp./0.5% Cryptocarya triplinervis/0.5%
Lantana camara/1% (R) Cinnamomum camphora/20% Senna pendula/1% Exotic Ochna serrulata/0.5% Midstorey Citrus sp./1% (species/%) Syagrus romanzoffiana/0.5% Ageratina riparia/1% Schefflera actinophylla/0.5%
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
Native Ground 15 Cover (%) Plot 1 Cyperus lucidus Exotic (S) Cinnamomum camphora* Ground 5 Cover (%)
Native Ground 25 Cover (%) Cyperus lucidus Plot 2 (S) Cinnamomum camphora* Exotic Ground 5 Cover (%) Native Cyperus lucidus Ground 75 Persicaria strigosa Cover (%) Christella dentata Plot 3 Exotic (S) Cinnamomum camphora* Paspalum mandiocanum* Ground 5
Cover (%) Native Ground 85 Cyperus lucidus Christella dentata Cover (%) Plot 4 Histiopteris incisa Exotic Persicaria strigosa Ground 10 Paspalum mandiocanum* (S) Cinnamomum camphora* Cover (%) Native Ground 30 Cyperus lucidus Cover (%) Persicaria strigosa Plot 5 Paspalum mandiocanum* Exotic (S) Cinnamomum camphora* Ground 70 Ageratum houstonianum* Cover (%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
MONITORING LOCATION: KR19 Scribbly gum (Eucalyptus racemosa), Bracken fern (Pteridium esculentum), Geebung (Persoonia sp.), Leptospermum sp., Leucopogan sp., leucopogon Native Species List leptospermoides, Acacia sp., Blue flax-lily (Dianella caerula), Bracken fern (Pteridium esculentum) Exotic Species List Slash pine (Pinus elliottii) Native 18 Eucalyptus racemosa 50m Canopy (%) (36%) Transect Exotic 0 n/a Canopy (%)
Leptospermum sp.(1)/25% Native Leucopogan sp./20% Midstorey Persoonia sp./5% (species/%) Leptospermum sp.(2)/5%
20x20m Quadrat
Exotic Midstorey (R) Pinus elliottii/5% (species/%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
Native Ground 5 Cover (%)
Plot 1 Dianella caerula
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Ground 60 Cover (%) Pteridium esculentum Plot 2 Dianella caerula
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Ground 10 Cover (%) (S) Pinus elliottii* Acacia sp. Plot 3 leucopogon leptospermoides
Exotic Ground 1 Cover (%)
Native Ground 0 Cover (%)
Plot 4 n/a
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Plot 5 Ground 5 leucopogon sp. Cover (%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
MONITORING LOCATION: KR21 Black butt (Eucalyptus pilularis), Red mahogany (Eucalyptus resinifera), Broad- leaved paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia), Pink flowered doughwood Native Species List (Melicope elleryana), Blueberry ash (Elaeocarpus reticulatus), Gahnia sp., Brush box (Lophostemon confertus), Leptospermum sp., Scribbly gum (Eucalyptus racemosa), Gahnia (Gahnia clarkei), Baloskion tetraphyllum Exotic Species List
Native 50 Eucalyptus pilularis 50m Canopy (%) (100%) Eucalyptus resinifera Transect Exotic 0 n/a Canopy (%)
Melicope elleryana/15% Native Elaeocarpus reticulatus/15% Midstorey Melaleuca quinquenervia/15% (species/%) Lophostemon confertus/5%
20x20m Quadrat
Exotic Midstorey n/a (species/%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
Native Ground 35 Cover (%) Baloskion tetraphyllum Plot 1 Gahnia clarkeii
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Ground 90 Cover (%) Pteridium esculentum Baloskion tetraphyllum Plot 2 Gahnia clarkeii
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Ground 70 Cover (%) Baloskion tetraphyllum Gahnia clarkeii Plot 3 (S) upper strata
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Ground 30 Cover (%) Baloskion tetraphyllum Plot 4 Gahnia clarkeii
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Baloskion tetraphyllum Plot 5 Ground 25 Gahnia clarkeii Cover (%) (S) upper strata
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
MONITORING LOCATION: KC03 Baeckea frutescens, Geebung (Persoonia stradbrokensis), Bracken fern (Pteridium esculentum), Spiny-headed mat-rush (Lomandra longifolia), Monotoca scoparia, Commelina cyanea, Themeda triandra, Blue flax-lily (Dianella carulea), Cynodon dactylon, Pomax umbellata, Red ash (Alphitonia Native Species List excelsa), Coastal cypress pine (Callitris columellaris), Glycine clandestina, Nasturtium tree (Macaranga tanarius), Brush box (Lophostemon confertus), Corkwood (Duboisia myoporoides), Snake vine (Stephania japonica), Tuckeroo (Cupaniopsis anacardioides), Blady grass (Imperata cylindrica), Strangler fig (Ficus watkinsiana), Narrow-leaved geebung (Persoonia linearis) Slash pine (Pinus elliottii), Tall African grass (Setaria sphacelata), Kikuyu grass Exotic Species List (Cenchrus clandestinus), Whisky grass (Andropogon virginicus), Parramatta grass (Sporobolus africanus), Lantana (Lantana camara), Grass sp.
Native 11 Lophostemon confertus 50m Canopy (%) (22%) Ficus watkinsiana Transect Exotic 20 Pinus elliottii Canopy (%) (40%)
Persoonia stradbrokensis/5% Cupaniopsis anacardioides/0.5% Native 20x20m Persoonia liniaris/0.5% Midstorey Quadrat Macaranga tanarius/0.2% (species/%) Alphitonia excelsa/0.1% Callitris columellaris/0.1%
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
Exotic Midstorey (R) Pinus elliottii/5% (species/%)
Native Ground 30 Cover (%)
Plot 1 Pteridium esculentum Grass sp.*
Exotic Ground 40 Cover (%)
Native Plot 2 Ground 0 Grass sp.* Cover (%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
Exotic Ground 60 Cover (%)
Native Ground 20 Cover (%)
Plot 3 Lomandra longifolia Grass sp.*
Exotic Ground 5 Cover (%)
Native Ground 40 Cover (%)
Pteridium esculentum Plot 4 Imperata cylindrica Grass sp.*
Exotic Ground 20 Cover (%)
Native Plot 5 Ground 0 n/a Cover (%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
MONITORING LOCATION: KC09 Monotoca scoparia, Spiny-headed mat-rush (Lomandra longifolia), Dusky coral pea (Kennedia rubicunda), Cyperus sp., Pomax umbellata, Geebung (Persoonia stradbrokensis), Leucopogon sp. (small white flower), Bracken fern (Pteridium esculentum), Coastal wattle (Acacia longifolia subsp. Sophorae), Large-leaf hop- Native Species List bush (Dodonaea triquetra), Swamp box (Lophostemon suaveolens), Tree shaggy pea (Oxylobium robustum), Narrow-leaved geebung (Persoonia linearis), Corkwood (Duboisia myoporoides), Satinwood (Nematolepis squamea subsp. squamea), Monkey rope (Parsonsia straminea), Green five-corners (Styphelia viridis), Blueberry ash (Elaeocarpus reticulatus), Blue flax-lily (Dianella carulea) Slash pine (Pinus elliottii), Kikuyu grass (Cenchrus clandestinus), Broad-leaved Exotic Species List paspalum (Paspalum mandiocanum)
Native 1 Lophostemon suaveolens Canopy (%) (2%) 50m Transect Exotic 23 Pinus elliottii Canopy (%) (46%)
Oxylobium robustum/40% Leucopogon sp./10% Persoonia stradbrokensis/8% Native Dodonaea triquetra/6% 20x20m Midstorey Persoonia linearis/5% Quadrat (species/%) Acacia longifolia subsp. sophorae/5% Elaeocarpus reticulatus/1% Duboisia myoporoides/1% Nematolepis squamea/0.2%
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
Exotic Midstorey n/a (species/%)
Native Ground 25 Cover (%)
Plot 1 Lomandra longifolia
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Plot 2 Ground 0 n/a Cover (%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Ground 25 Cover (%)
Plot 3 Pteridium esculentum Lomandra longifolia
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Ground 0 Cover (%)
Plot 4 n/a
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Plot 5 Ground 0 n/a Cover (%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
MONITORING LOCATION: KC14 Bracken fern (Pteridium esculentum), Green five-corners (Styphelia viridis), Acacia ulicifolia, Poa sp., Cyperus polystachyos, Spiny-headed mat-rush (Lomandra longifolia), Slender rice flower (Pimelea linifolia), Rough Guinea Native Species List flower (Hibbertia aspera), Cyperus haspan, Hoary Guinea-flower (Hibbertia obtusifolia), Midgen berry (Austromyrtus dulcis), Pomax umbellata, Blue flax- lily (Dianella carulea) Slash pine (Pinus elliottii), Carpetgrass (Axonopus fissifolius), Whisky grass Exotic Species List (Andropogon virginicus), Kikuyu grass (Cenchrus clandestinus), Tall African grass (Setaria sphacelata) Native 0 n/a 50m Canopy (%) Transect Exotic 14 Pinus elliottii Canopy (%) (28%)
Native 20x20m Midstorey n/a Quadrat (species/%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
Exotic Midstorey n/a (species/%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
Native Ground 30 Cover (%) Lomandra longifolia Poa sp. Plot 1 Pteridium esculentum (S) Pinus elliottii* Grass sp.* Exotic Ground 10 Cover (%)
Native Ground 30 Cover (%)
Poa sp. Plot 2 Pteridium esculentum (S) Pinus elliottii* Grass sp.* Exotic Ground 20 Cover (%)
Native Poa sp. Plot 3 Ground 40 Pteridium esculentum Cover (%) Grass sp.*
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
Exotic Ground 15 Cover (%)
Native Ground 25 Cover (%)
Poa sp. Plot 4 Pteridium esculentum Grass sp.*
Exotic Ground 30 Cover (%)
Native Ground 10 Cover (%)
Pteridium esculentum Plot 5 Grass sp.* (S) Pinus elliottii*
Exotic Ground 30 Cover (%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
MONITORING LOCATION: KC21 Pink flowered doughwood (Melicope elleryana), Swamp box (Lophostemon suaveolens), Swamp mahogany (Eucalyptus robusta), Broad-leaved paperbark Native Species List (Melaleuca quinquenervia), Leptospermum sp., Mock olive (Notelaea venosa), Gahnia (Ghania clarkei / siberiana), Swamp water fern (Telmatoblechnum indicum), Bracken fern (Pteridium esculentum) Exotic Species List Slash pine (Pinus elliottii), Camphor laurel (Cinnamomum camphora) Native 38 Lophostemon suaveolens 50m Canopy (%) (76%) Melicope elleryana Transect Exotic 14 Pinus elliottii Canopy (%) (28%)
Native Midstorey Notelaea venosa/30% (species/%)
20x20m Quadrat
Exotic Midstorey Cinnamomum camphora/10% (species/%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
Native Ground 55 Cover (%) Ghania sp. Plot 1 Telmatoblechnum indicum
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Ground 45 Cover (%)
Plot 2 Ghania sp. Pteridium esculentum Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Ground 25 Cover (%) Pteridium esculentum Plot 3
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Ground 0 Cover (%)
Plot 4 n/a
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Plot 5 Ground 0 n/a Cover (%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
MONITORING LOCATION: KC24 Native Species List Bracken fern (Pteridium esculentum) Slash pine (Pinus elliottii), Camphor laurel (Cinnamomum camphora), Cocos Exotic Species List palm (Syragrus romanzoffiana), Broad-leaved paspalum* (Paspalum mandiocanum), Paspalum sp. Native 0 n/a 50m Canopy (%) Transect Exotic 48 Pinus elliottii Canopy (%) (96%)
Native Midstorey n/a (species/%)
20x20m Quadrat Exotic Cinnamomum camphora/15% Midstorey Syragrus romanzoffiana/1% (species/%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
Native Ground 15 Cover (%) Pteridium esculentum Plot 1 Paspalum sp.*
Exotic Ground 15 Cover (%)
Native Ground 15 Cover (%) Pteridium esculentum Plot 2 Paspalum sp.*
Exotic Ground 10 Cover (%)
Native Ground 0 Cover (%) Paspalum mandiocanum* Plot 3
Exotic Ground 10 Cover (%)
Native Ground 0 Cover (%)
Plot 4 n/a
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Pteridium esculentum Plot 5 Ground 20 Paspalum sp.* Cover (%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
Exotic Ground 10 Cover (%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
MONITORING LOCATION: KC35 Broad-leaved paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia), Pink flowered doughwood Native Species List (Melicope elleryana), Foam bark (Jagera pseudorhus), Bracken fern (Pteridium esculentum) Slash pine (Pinus elliottii), Broad-leafed paspalum (Paspalum mandiocanum), Exotic Species List Paspalum sp.
Native 20 Melaleuca 50m Canopy (%) (40%) quinquenervia Transect Exotic 50 Pinus elliottii Canopy (%) (100%)
Native Melicope elleryana/0.5% Midstorey Jagera pseudorhus/0.5% (species/%)
20x20m Quadrat
Exotic Easter Cassia/0.5% Midstorey Camphor laurel/0.5% (species/%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
Native Ground 0 Cover (%) Paspalum mandiocanum Plot 1 (S) Pinus elliottii
Exotic Ground 20 Cover (%)
Native Ground 0 Cover (%) Plot 2 n/a
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Ground 0 Cover (%)
Plot 3 n/a
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Ground 25 Cover (%) Pteridium esculentum (S) Pinus elliottii Plot 4
Exotic Ground 5 Cover (%)
Pteridium esculentum Native Paspalum sp. Plot 5 Ground 5 (S) Pinus elliottii Cover (%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
Exotic Ground 5 Cover (%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
MONITORING LOCATION: KFM02 Broad-leaved paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia), Pink flowered doughwood (Melicope elleryana), Swamp water fern (Telmatoblechnum indicum), Juncus Native Species List sp., Gahnia sp. (Gahnia clarkei / siberiana), Blueberry ash (Elaeocarpus reticulatus), Acacia sp. Exotic Species List n/a Native 50 Melaleuca quinquenervia 50m Canopy (%) (100%) Melicope elleryana Transect Exotic 0 n/a Canopy (%)
Native Elaeocarpus reticulatus/35% Midstorey Acacia sp./10% (species/%)
20x20m Quadrat
Exotic Midstorey n/a (species/%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
Native Ground 20 Cover (%) Telmatoblechnum indicum Plot 1 Juncus sp.
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Ground 10 Cover (%)
Plot 2 Telmatoblechnum indicum
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Ground 45 Cover (%)
Plot 3 Telmatoblechnum indicum Juncus sp. Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Ground 50 Cover (%) Plot 4 Telmatoblechnum indicum Juncus sp.
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Plot 5 Ground 100 Telmatoblechnum indicum Juncus sp. Cover (%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
MONITORING LOCATION: KFM04 Broad-leaved paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia), Coastal banksia (Banksia Native Species List integrifolia), Climbing snake fern (Lygodium microphyllum), Nasturtium tree (Macaranga tanarius) Exotic Species List Slash pine (Pinus elliottii), Grass sp. Paspalum sp. Native 30 Melaleuca quinquenervia 50m Canopy (%) (60%) Transect Exotic 18 Pinus elliottii Canopy (%) (36%)
Native Midstorey n/a (species/%)
20x20m Quadrat
Exotic Midstorey (R) Pinus elliottii/2% (species/%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
Native Ground 0 Cover (%) Grass sp.* Paspalum sp.* Plot 1 (S) Pinus elliottii*
Exotic Ground 30 Cover (%)
Native Ground 0 Cover (%) (S) Pinus elliottii* Plot 2 Grass sp.*
Exotic Ground 50 Cover (%)
Native Ground 0 Cover (%) (S) Pinus elliottii* Plot 3
Exotic Ground 20 Cover (%)
Native Ground 0 Cover (%) (S) Pinus elliottii* Plot 4 Grass sp.*
Exotic Ground 60 Cover (%)
Native (S) Pinus elliottii* Plot 5 Ground 0 Grass sp.* Cover (%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
Exotic Ground 75 Cover (%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
MONITORING LOCATION: KFM05 Native Species List Broad-leaved paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia), Juncus sp.
Exotic Species List Mile-a-minute (Ipomoea cairica), Forbe sp. Native 26 Melaleuca quinquenervia 50m Canopy (%) (52%) Transect Exotic 0 n/a Canopy (%)
Native Midstorey (R) Melaleuca quinquenervia/4% (species/%)
20x20m Quadrat
Exotic Midstorey n/a (species/%)
Native Ipomoea cairica Plot 1 Ground 0
Cover (%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
Exotic Ground 30 Cover (%)
Native Ground 50 Cover (%) Juncus sp. Plot 2
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Ground 0 Cover (%)
Plot 3 n/a
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Ground 0 Cover (%)
Plot 4 n/a
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Forbe sp.* Plot 5 Ground 0
Cover (%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
Exotic Ground 5 Cover (%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
MONITORING LOCATION: KFM06 Swamp mahogany (Eucalyptus robusta), Broad-leaved paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia), Swamp box (Lophostemon suaveolens), Pink flowered doughwood (Melicope elleryana), Blueberry ash (Elaeocarpus reticulatus), Broad-leaved lilly pilly (Acmena hemilampra), Umbrella cheese tree (Glochidion sumatranum), Olive tree-tree (Leptospermum liversidgei), Baloskion tetraphyllum, Bracken fern (Pteridium esculentum), Tall saw-sedge (Gahnia clarkei), Climbing snake fern (Lygodium microphyllum), Swamp water fern Native Species List (Telmatoblechnum indicum), Bordered panic (Entolasia marginata), Spreading rope-rush (Empodisma minus), Austromyrtus dulcis, Blady grass (Imperata cylindrica), Smilax (Smilax australis), Hard corkwood (Endiandra sieberi), Logan apple (Acronychia imperforata), Large-leaf hop-bush (Dodonaea triquetra), Spiny-headed mat-rush (Lomandra longifolia), Cheese tree (Glochidion ferdinandi), Monkey rope (Parsonsia straminea), Swamp wattle (Acacia elongata), Purple coral pea (Hardenbergia violacea), Red ash (Alphitonia excelsa) Exotic Species List Slash pine (Pinus elliottii), Broad-leaved paspalum (Paspalum mandiocanum)
Lophostemon suaveolens Native 41 Eucalyptus robusta Canopy (%) (82%) 50m Melaleuca quinquenervia Transect Exotic 0 n/a Canopy (%)
Glochidion ferdinandi/15% Elaeocarpus reticulatus/12% Dodonaea triquetra/12% Melicope elleryana/2% Native 20x20m Acronychia imperforata/0.5% Midstorey Quadrat Endiandra sieberi/0.2% (species/%) Acmena hemilampra/0.1% Glochidion sumatranum/0.1% Alphitonia excelsa/0.1% Acacia elongata/0.1%
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
Exotic Midstorey n/a (species/%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
Native Ground 30 Cover (%)
Plot 1 Baloskion tetraphyllum
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Ground 25 Cover (%)
Plot 2 Baloskion tetraphyllum
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Baloskion tetraphyllum Plot 3 Ground 30 Telmatoblechnum indicum Cover (%) Pteridium esculentum
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Ground 25 Cover (%)
Plot 4 Lomandra longifolia Baloskion tetraphyllum
Exotic Ground 50 Cover (%)
Native Ground 40 Cover (%)
Baloskion tetraphyllum Plot 5 Telmatoblechnum indicum Pteridium esculentum
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
MONITORING LOCATION: KFM07 Broad-leaved paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia), Pink flowered doughwood (Melicope elleryana), Swamp box (Lophostemon suaveolens), Zieria smithii, Wild yellow jasmine (Pittosporum revolutum), Blueberry ash (Elaeocarpus reticulatus), Bracken fern (Pteridium esculentum), Baloskion tetraphyllum, Tall saw-sedge (Gahnia clarkei), Swamp water fern (Telmatoblechnum indicum), Austromyrtus dulcis, Queensland blue couch (Digitaria didactyla), Wiry panic (Entolasia stricta), Atractocarpus chartaceus, Hypolepis muelleri, Swamp wattle (Acacia elongata), Pink bloodwood (Corymbia intermedia), Blue tongue Native Species List (Melastoma affine), Spreading rope-rush (Empodisma minus), Native bleeding heart (Homalanthus populifolius), Umbrella cheese tree (Glochidion sumatranum), Smilax (Smilax australis), Climbing snake fern (Lygodium microphyllum), Monkey rope (Parsonsia straminea), Blady grass (Imperata cylindrica), Milk vine (Marsdenia rostrata), Hard corkwood (Endiandra sieberi), Leucopogon sp., Red ash (Alphitonia excelsa), Brush cherry (Syzygium australe), Small-leaved fig (Ficus obliqua), Broad-leaved lilly pilly (Acmena hemilampra), Tuckeroo (Cupaniopsis anacardioides), Hickory (Acacia disparrima), Wonga wonga vine (Pandorea pandorana) Slash pine (Pinus elliottii), Camphor laurel (Cinnamomum camphora), Broad- Exotic Species List leaved paspalum (Paspalum mandiocanum)
Melaleuca quinquenervia Native 46 Lophostemon suaveolens Canopy (%) (92%) Corymbia intermedia 50m Ficus obliqua Transect
Exotic 0 n/a Canopy (%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
Elaeocarpus reticulatus/25% Melicope elleryana/15% Acacia disparrima/8% Acmena hemilampra/3% Native Endiandra sieberi/2% Midstorey Alphitonia excelsa/0.1% (species/%) Glochidion sumatranum/0.1% Cupaniopsis anacardioides/0.1% Acacia elongata/0.1% Syzygium australe/0.1% Leucopogon sp./0.1%
20x20m Quadrat
Exotic Midstorey n/a (species/%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
Native Ground 50 Cover (%) Baloskion tetraphyllum Plot 1 Telmatoblechnum indicum Pteridium esculentum Gahnia clarkei Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Ground 15 Cover (%)
Telmatoblechnum indicum Plot 2 Pteridium esculentum Gahnia clarkei
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Telmatoblechnum indicum Plot 3 Ground 20 Pteridium esculentum Cover (%) Gahnia clarkei
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Ground 5 Cover (%)
Plot 4 Pteridium esculentum
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Ground 30 Cover (%)
Telmatoblechnum indicum Plot 5 Pteridium esculentum Lygodium microphyllum Paspalum mandiocanum* Exotic Ground 10 Cover (%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
MONITORING LOCATION: KFM08 Blueberry ash (Elaeocarpus reticulatus), Corkwood (Duboisia myoporoides), Leptospermum sp., Swamp box (Lophostemon suaveolens), Tall saw-sedge (Gahnia clarkei), Bracken fern (Pteridium esculentum), Baloskion tetraphyllum, Blechnum indicia, Baeckea fruitescens, Swamp wattle (Acacia elongata), Pink flowered doughwood (Melicope elleryana), Hard corkwood (Endiandra sieberi), Chaffy bush-pea (Pultanea paleacea), Satinwood (Nematolepis squamea subsp. squamea), Foambark (Jagera pseudorhus var. pseudorhus), Leucopogon sp., Native Species List Monotoca scoparia, Melaleuca sieberi, Geebung (Persoonia stradbrokensis), Monkey rope (Parsonsia straminea), Purple coral pea (Hardenbergia violacea), Green five-corners (Styphelia viridis), Olive tree-tree (Leptospermum liversidgei), Bat’s wing fern (Histiopteris incisa), Brush box (Lophostemon confertus), Xanthorrhoea fulva, Carissa ovata, Broad-leaved paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia), Narrow-leaved geebung (Persoonia linearis), Caustis recurvata Exotic Species List Slash pine (Pinus elliottii)
Lophostemon suaveolens Native 13 (26%) Melaleuca quinquenervia Canopy (%) 50m Lophostemon confertus Transect Exotic 18 (36%) Pinus elliottii Canopy (%)
Leptospermum sp./40% Elaeocarpus reticulatus/15% Leucopogon sp./10% Melaleuca sieberi/10% Duboisia myoporoides/8% Native Nematolepis squamea/4% 20x20m Midstorey Persoonia stradbrokensis/1% Quadrat (species/%) Acacia elongata/1% Persoonia linearis/0.5% Endiandra sieberi/0.1% Melicope elleryana/0.1% Endiandra sieberi/0.1% Jagera pseudorhus var. pseudorhus/0.1%
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
Exotic Midstorey n/a (species/%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
Native Ground 25 Cover (%)
Pteridium esculentum Plot 1 Gahnia clarkei Caustis recurvata
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Ground 0 Cover (%)
Plot 2 n/a
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Plot 3 Ground 10 Pteridium esculentum Cover (%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Ground 10 Cover (%)
Plot 4 Telmatoblechnum indicum Caustis recurvata
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Ground 40 Cover (%)
Plot 5 Telmatoblechnum indicum Gahnia clarkei
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
MONITORING LOCATION: KFM09 Broad-leaved paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia), Acacia sp., Pink flowered doughwood (Melicope elleryana), Blueberry ash (Elaeocarpus reticulatus), Native Species List Swamp water fern (Telmatoblechnum indicum), Climbing snake fern (Lygodium microphyllum), Bracken fern (Pteridium esculentum), Juncus sp. Exotic Species List Slash pine (Pinus elliottii) Native 34 Melaleuca quinquenervia 50m Canopy (%) (68%) Transect Exotic 0 n/a Canopy (%)
Native Midstorey (R) Melaleuca quinquenervia/3% (species/%)
20x20m Quadrat
Exotic Midstorey n/a (species/%)
Native Telmatoblechnum indicum Plot 1 Ground 20
Cover (%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Ground 10 Cover (%) Lygodium microphyllum Plot 2 Pteridium esculentum
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Ground 70 Cover (%) Telmatoblechnum indicum Lygodium microphyllum Plot 3 Juncus sp. Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Ground 30 Cover (%) (S) Pinus elliottii Plot 4 Lygodium microphyllum
Exotic Ground 10 Cover (%)
Native Ground 40 Cover (%)
Plot 5 Telmatoblechnum indicum Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
MONITORING LOCATION: KFM10 Broad-leaved paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia), Swamp mahogany (Eucalyptus robusta), Pink flowered doughwood (Melicope elleryana), Native Species List Acacia sp., Cheese tree (Glochidion ferdinandi), Swamp water fern (Telmatoblechnum indicum), Bracken fern (Pteridium esculentum), Juncus sp., Climbing snake fern (Lygodium microphyllum) Exotic Species List Slash pine (Pinus elliottii), Paspalum sp.
Native 18 Melaleuca quinquenervia Canopy (%) (36%) Melicope elleryana 50m Transect Exotic 24 Pinus elliottii Canopy (%) (48%)
Native Acacia sp./10% Midstorey Glochidion ferdinandi/10% (species/%)
20x20m Quadrat
Exotic Midstorey (R) Pinus elliottii/5% (species/%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
Native Ground 60 Cover (%) Telmatoblechnum indicum Plot 1 Pteridium esculentum
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Ground 95 Cover (%) Telmatoblechnum indicum Plot 2 Juncus sp. Lygodium microphyllum Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Ground 25 Cover (%)
Plot 3 Telmatoblechnum indicum
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Ground 50 Cover (%) Lygodium microphyllum Telmatoblechnum indicum Plot 4 Paspalum sp. Exotic Ground 5 Cover (%)
Native Plot 5 Ground 10 Telmatoblechnum indicum (S) Pinus elliottii Cover (%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
Exotic Ground 5 Cover (%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
MONITORING LOCATION: KFM13 Grey gum (Eucalyptus punctata), Forest oak (Allocasuarina torulosa), Black butt (Eucalyptus pilularis), Northern grey ironbark (Eucalyptus siderophloia), Pink bloodwood (Corymbia intermedia), Swamp box (Lophostemon suaveolens), Native Species List Nasturtium tree (Macaranga tanarius), Thick-leaved mahogany (Eucalyptus carnea), Geebung sp. (Persoonia sp.), Blady grass (Imperata cylindrica), Fringe- lily (Thysanotus turberosus), Gahnia clarkeii, Lomandra sp. Exotic Species List Corky passion fruit (Passiflora suberosa)
Eucalyptus punctata Eucalyptus pilularis Native 24 Lophostemon suaveolens 50m Canopy (%) (48%) Eucalyptus carnea Transect Eucalyptus siderophloia Corymbia intermedia
Exotic 0 n/a Canopy (%)
Native Persoonia sp./15% Midstorey (R) canopy sp./15% (species/%) Allocasuarina torulosa/3%
20x20m Quadrat
Exotic Midstorey n/a (species/%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
Native Ground 80 Cover (%)
Plot 1 Imperata cylindrica
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Ground 30 Cover (%)
Plot 2 Imperata cylindrica (S) upper strata Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Ground 70 Cover (%)
Plot 3 Gahnia sp. Imperata cylindrica Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Ground 50 Cover (%) Imperata cylindrica Plot 4 Lomandra sp. Thysanotus turberosus Exotic Passiflora suberosa* Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Lomandra sp. Plot 5 Ground 70 Imperata cylindrica Cover (%) Passiflora suberosa*
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
Exotic Ground 10 Cover (%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
MONITORING LOCATION: KFM15 Black butt (Eucalyptus pilularis), Pink bloodwood (Corymbia intermedia), Pink flowered doughwood (Melicope elleryana), Broad-leaved paperbark (Melaleuca Native Species List quinquenervia), Red mahogany (Eucalyptus resinifera), Geebung (Persoonia sp.), Gahnia clarkeii, Brady grass (Imperata clyindrica), Bracken fern (Pteridium esculentum), Leucopogon sp. Exotic Species List n/a
Eucalyptus pilularis Native 42 Corymbia intermedia Canopy (%) (84%) 50m Eucalyptus resinifera Transect Exotic 0 n/a Canopy (%)
Dodonea sp./10% Native Tuckeroo/10% Midstorey Persoonia sp./3% (species/%) (R) canopy sp./3%
20x20m Quadrat
Exotic Midstorey (R) Pinus elliottii/1% (species/%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
Native Ground 35 Cover (%) Gahnia clarkeii Imperata clyindrica Plot 1 Pteridium esculentum (S) upper strata Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Ground 45 Cover (%) Gahnia clarkeii Pteridium esculentum Plot 2
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Ground 40 Cover (%) Gahnia clarkeii Plot 3 Leucopogon sp.
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Ground 25 Cover (%)
Plot 4 Gahnia clarkeii Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Pteridium esculentum Plot 5 Ground 20 Gahnia clarkeii Cover (%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
MONITORING LOCATION: KFM18 Broad-leaved paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia), Swamp mahogany (Eucalyptus robusta), Ficus sp., Swamp box (Lophostemon suaveolens), Cheese tree (Glochidion ferdinandi), Brown bolly gum (Litsea australis), Bangalow palm Native Species List (Archontophoenix cunninghamiana), Native ginger (Alpinia caerulea), Smilax (Smilax australis), Wombat berry (Eustrephus latifolius), Sandpaper fig (Ficus coronata), Tuckeroo (Cupaniopsis anacardioides), Scrambling lily (Geitonoplesium cymosum), Bracken fern (Pteridium esculentum), Acacia sp. Exotic Species List Lantana (Lantana camara), Ochna (Ochna serrulata), Paspalum sp.
Melaleuca quinquenervia Native 47 Ficus sp. Canopy (%) (94%) 50m Glochidion ferdinandi Transect Exotic 0 n/a Canopy (%)
Litsea australis/15% Native Lophostemon suaveolens/15% Midstorey Archontophoenix (species/%) cunninghamian/15% Acacia sp./15%
20x20m Quadrat
Exotic Midstorey n/a (species/%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
Native Ground 0 Cover (%)
Plot 1 n/a
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Ground 30 Cover (%) Pteridium esculentum Paspalum sp. Plot 2 Seedlings (upper strata) Exotic Ground 10 Cover (%)
Native Ground 50 Cover (%) Pteridium esculentum Plot 3
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Ground 60 Cover (%) Pteridium esculentum Plot 4 Seedlings (upper strata)
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Plot 5 Ground 0 n/a Cover (%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
MONITORING LOCATION: KFM19
Broad-leaved paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia), Swamp mahogany (Eucalyptus robusta), Swamp box (Lophostemon suaveolens), Nasturtium tree (Macaranga tanarius), Native bleeding heart (Homalanthus populifolius), Corkwood (Duboisia myoporoides), Swamp water fern (Telmatoblechnum indicum), Bat’s wing fern (Histiopteris incisa), Hypolepis muelleri, Dusky coral Native Species List pea (Kennedia rubicunda), Blueberry ash (Elaeocarpus reticulatus), Tall saw- sedge (Gahnia clarkei), Green five-corners (Styphelia viridis), Pink flowered doughwood (Melicope elleryana), Blue tongue (Melastoma affine), Native peach (Trema tomentosa var. aspera), Swamp wattle (Acacia elongata), Climbing snake fern (Lygodium microphyllum), Bracken fern (Pteridium esculentum), Blue flax-lily (Dianella carulea) Camphor laurel (Cinnamomum camphora), Wild tobacco (Solanum mauritianum), Inkweed (Phytolacca octandra), Broad-leaved paspalum Exotic Species List (Paspalum mandiocanum), Thickhead (Crassocephalum crepidioides), Slash pine (Pinus elliottii), Devil’s fig (Solanum chrysotrichum)
Melaleuca quinquenervia Native 40 (80%) Eucalyptus robusta Canopy (%) 50m Lophostemon suaveolens Transect Exotic Cinnamomum camphora 3 (6%) Canopy (%) Pinus elliottii
Homalanthus populifolius/30% Duboisia myoporoides/5% Native Macaranga tanarius/3% 20x20m Midstorey Elaeocarpus reticulatus/2% Quadrat (species/%) Melicope elleryana/0.5% Trema tomentosa var. aspera/0.1% Acacia elongata/0.1%
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
Exotic Solanum mauritianum/0.5% Midstorey Solanum chrysotrichum/0.1% (species/%)
Native Ground 60 Cover (%)
Pteridium esculentum Plot 1 Telmatoblechnum indicum
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Plot 2 Ground 60 Telmatoblechnum indicum (S) upper strata Cover (%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Ground 80 Cover (%)
Plot 3 Pteridium esculentum Gahnia clarkei
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Ground 80 Cover (%)
Plot 4 Pteridium esculentum Gahnia clarkei
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Plot 5 Ground 90 Pteridium esculentum Cover (%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
MONITORING LOCATION: KFM26 Broad-leaved paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia), Coastal banksia (Banksia integrifolia), Monkey rope (Personsia straminea), Swamp box (Lophostemon Native Species List suaveolens), Acacia sp., Swamp banksia (Banksia robur), Blueberry ash (Elaeocarpus reticulatus), Juncus sp., Climbing snake fern (Lygodium microphyllum), Exotic Species List Native 37 Melaleuca quinquenervia 50m Canopy (%) (74%) Lophostemon suaveolens Transect Exotic 0 n/a Canopy (%)
Native Elaeocarpus reticulatus/4% Midstorey Banksia integrifolia/3% (species/%) Acacia sp./2%
20x20m Quadrat
Exotic Midstorey n/a (species/%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
Native Ground 60 Cover (%) Juncus sp. Plot 1
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Ground 75 Cover (%) Juncus sp. Plot 2
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Ground 50 Cover (%) Juncus sp. Plot 3
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Ground 75 Cover (%) Juncus sp. Plot 4 Lygodium microphyllum
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Plot 5 Ground 80 Juncus sp. Telmatoblechnum indicum Cover (%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
MONITORING LOCATION: KFM27
Broad-leaved paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia), Flax-leaved paperbark (Melaleuca linariifolia), Cheese tree (Glochidion ferdinandi), Monkey rope (Personsia straminea), Acacia sp., Guioa (Guioa semiglauca), Common lilly pilly (Syzgium smithii), Pink flowered doughwood (Melicope elleryana), Native Native Species List bleeding heart (Homalanthus populifolius), Wiry panic (Entolasia marginata), Brown bolly gum (Litsea australis), Bracken fern (Pteridium esculentum), Smilax (Smilax australis), Nasturtium tree (Macaranga tanarius), Basket grass (Ottochloa gracillima), Gahnia (Gahnia clarkei / siberiana), Blue flax-lily (Dianella caerula)
Lantana (Lantana camara), Easter cassia (Senna pendula), Broad-leafed Exotic Species List paspalum (Paspalum mandiocanum)
Melaleuca Native 37 quinquenervia Canopy (%) (74%) Melaleuca linariifolia 50m Glochidion ferdinandi Transect Exotic 0 n/a Canopy (%)
Native Melicope elleryana/30% 20x20m Midstorey Macaranga tanarius/5% Quadrat (species/%) Homalanthus populifolius/2%
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
Exotic Lantana camara/2% Midstorey Senna pendula/0.5% (species/%)
Native Ground 45 Cover (%) Paspalum mandiocanum* Plot 1 Pteridium esculentum
Exotic Ground 45 Cover (%)
Native Ground 40 Cover (%) Pteridium esculentum Plot 2 Smilax australis Paspalum sp.* Exotic Ground 40 Cover (%)
Native Parsonsia straminea Plot 3 Ground 75 Ottochloa gracillima Cover (%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Ground 10 Cover (%) Pteridium esculentum Plot 4 Gahnia sp. Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Ground 45 Cover (%) Dianella caerula Plot 5 Parsonsia straminea Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
MONITORING LOCATION: KFM28 Swamp mahogany (Eucalyptus robusta), Acacia sp., Gahnia sp., Bracken fern (Pteridium esculentum), Blueberry ash (Elaeocarpus reticulatus), Swamp Native Species List water fern (Telmatoblechnum indicum), Pink bloodwood (Corymbia intermedia), Swamp foxtail (Baloskion tetraphyllum), Curly wig (caustis recurvata), leucopogon leptospermoides, leptospermum sp. Exotic Species List Slash pine (Pinus elliottii) Native 36 Eucalyptus robusta 50m Canopy (%) (72%) Transect Exotic 0 Canopy (%)
Native Acacia sp./45% Midstorey Elaeocarpus reticulatus/45% (species/%)
20x20m Quadrat
Exotic Midstorey n/a (species/%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
Native Ground 20 Cover (%) Telmatoblechnum indicum Plot 1 Gahnia sp.
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Ground 80 Ghania sp. Cover (%) Pteridium esculentum Plot 2 Telmatoblechnum indicum Baloskion tetraphyllum Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Ground 50 Cover (%) Ghania sp. Plot 3 Telmatoblechnum indicum
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Ground 0 Cover (%)
Plot 4 n/a
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Pteridium esculentum Leucopogon sp. Plot 5 Ground 35 Caustis recurvata Cover (%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
MONITORING LOCATION: KFM32 Broad-leaved paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia), Tall saw-sedge (Gahnia clarkei), Spotted knotweed (Persicaria strigosa), Willow primrose (Ludwigia octovalvis), Hypolepis muelleri, Native bleeding heart (Homalanthus Native Species List populifolius), Common reed (Phragmites australis), Nasturtium tree (Macaranga tanarius), Umbrella cheese tree (Glochidion sumatranum), Swamp water fern (Telmatoblechnum indicum), Leersia hexandra, Typha orientalis, Bracken fern (Pteridium esculentum) Devil’s fig (Solanum chrysotrichum), Wild tobacco (Solanum mauritianum), Tall African grass (Setaria sphacelata), Carpetgrass (Axonopus fissifolius), Vigna Exotic Species List parkeri, Camphor laurel (Cinnamomum camphora), Inkweed (Phytolacca octandra), Broad-leaved paspalum (Paspalum mandiocanum), Lantana (Lantana camara), Thickhead (Crassocephalum crepidioides) Native 19 (38%) Melaleuca quinquenervia 50m Canopy (%) Transect Exotic 0 n/a Canopy (%)
Native Homalanthus populifolius/7% Midstorey Glochidion sumatranum/3% (species/%) Macaranga tanarius/1%
20x20m Quadrat
Exotic Solanum chrysotrichum/10% Midstorey Solanum mauritianum/7%
(species/%) Lantana camara/0.1%
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
Native Ground 10 Cover (%)
Plot 1 Pteridium esculentum Exotic grasses/plants*
Exotic Ground 90 Cover (%)
Native Plot 2 Ground 0 Exotic grasses/plants* Cover (%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
Exotic Ground 100 Cover (%)
Native Ground 0 Cover (%)
Plot 3 Exotic grasses/plants*
Exotic Ground 100 Cover (%)
Native Ground 40 Cover (%)
Plot 4 Exotic grasses/plants*
Exotic Ground 50 Cover (%)
Native Plot 5 Ground 20 Pteridium esculentum Exotic grasses/plants* Cover (%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
Exotic Ground 80 Cover (%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
MONITORING LOCATION: KFM33 Broad-leaved paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia), Blackwood (Acacia melanoxylon), Swamp box (Lophostemon suaveolens), Blue tongue (Melastoma affine), Baloskion tetraphyllum, Ghania clarkei, Swamp water fern (Telmatoblechnum indicum), Bracken fern (Pteridium esculentum), Spreading rope-rush (Empodisma minus), Monkey rope (Parsonsia straminea), Climbing Native Species List snake fern (Lygodium microphyllum), Blady grass (Imperata cylindrica), Umbrella cheese tree (Glochidion sumatranum), Cassytha pubescens, Swamp wattle (Acacia elongata), Purple coral pea (Hardenbergia violacea), Blueberry ash (Elaeocarpus reticulatus), Pink flowered doughwood (Melicope elleryana), Dillwynia retorta, Swamp mahogany (Eucalyptus robusta), Denhamia celastroides, Hypolepis muelleri, Geebung (Persoonia stradbrokensis) Exotic Species List Tall African grass (Setaria sphacelata)
Melalecuca quinquenervia Native 43 (86%) Eucalyptus robusta Canopy (%) 50m Lophostemon suaveolens Transect Exotic 0 n/a Canopy (%)
Glochidion sumatranum/4% Elaeocarpus reticulatus/2% Melicope elleryana/1% Native 20x20m Dillwynia retorta/1% Midstorey Quadrat Acacia elongata/0.5% (species/%) Persoonia stradbrokensis/0.5% Acacia melanoxylon/0.2% Denhamia celastroides/0.1%
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
Exotic Midstorey n/a (species/%)
Native Ground 75 Cover (%) Gahnia clarkei Baloskion tetraphyllum Plot 1 Pteridium esculentum Lygodium microphyllum Empodisma minus Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Gahnia clarkei Plot 2 Ground 40 Empodisma minus Cover (%) Telmatoblechnum indicum
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Ground 15 Cover (%)
Pteridium esculentum Plot 3 Empodisma minus Telmatoblechnum indicum
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Ground 30 Cover (%)
Telmatoblechnum indicum Plot 4 Empodisma minus
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
Native Empodisma minus Plot 5 Ground 90 Gahnia clarkei Cover (%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
MONITORING LOCATION: KFM34 Bracken fern (Pteridium esculentum), Blady grass (Imperata cylindrica), Poa sp., Native Species List Pomax umbellata, Cyperus polystachyos, Cyperus stradbrokensis, Broad-leaved paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia) Slash pine (Pinus elliottii), Whisky grass (Andropogon virginicus), Tall African grass (Setaria sphacelata), Parramatta grass (Sporobolus africanus), Kikuyu Exotic Species List grass (Cenchrus clandestinus), Fireweed (Senecio madagascariensis), Wild Aster (Aster subulatus), Groundsel bush (Baccharis halimifolia) Native 18 (36%) Melaleuca quinquenervia 50m Canopy (%) Transect Exotic 6 (12%) Pinus elliottii Canopy (%)
Native Midstorey n/a (species/%)
20x20m Quadrat
Exotic Midstorey n/a (species/%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
Native Ground 30 Cover (%)
Pteridium esculentum Plot 1 (S) Pinus elliottii Grass sp.*
Exotic Ground 15 Cover (%)
Native Ground 70 Cover (%)
Pteridium esculentum Plot 2 Imperata cylindrica Grass sp.*
Exotic Ground 10 Cover (%)
Native Plot 3 Ground 30 Cyperus sp. Grass sp.* Cover (%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD Baseline Koala Activity Monitoring Report – Kings Forest
Exotic Ground 60 Cover (%)
Native Ground 70 Cover (%) Pteridium esculentum Plot 4 Imperata cylindrica Cyperus sp. Grass sp.* Exotic Ground 20 Cover (%)
Native Ground 75 Cover (%)
Plot 5 Pteridium esculentum
Exotic Ground 0 Cover (%)
N97017/BKAMR/RW4 JWA PTY LTD