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Zimbabwe's Irrigation Potential

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Zimbabwe's Irrigation Potential USAID STRATEGIC ECONOMIC RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS – ZIMBABWE (SERA) PROGRAM ZIMBABWE’S IRRIGATION POTENTIAL: MANAGEMENT MODELS FOR IRRIGATION SCHEMES AND A POLICY FRAMEWORK FOR EFFICIENT IRRIGATED AGRICULTURE CONTRACT NO. AID-613-C-11-00001 SEPTEMBER 2016 This report was produced by Nathan Associates Inc. for review by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). i USAID STRATEGIC ECONOMIC RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS – ZIMBABWE (SERA) PROGRAM ZIMBABWE’S IRRIGATION POTENTIAL: MANAGEMENT MODELS FOR IRRIGATION SCHEMES AND A POLICY FRAMEWORK FOR EFFICIENT IRRIGATED AGRICULTURE CONTRACT NO. AID-613-C-11-00001 Program Title: USAID Strategic Economic Research & Analysis – Zimbabwe (SERA) Sponsoring USAID Office: USAID/Zimbabwe Contract Number: AID-613-C-11-00001 Contractor: Nathan Associates Inc. Date of Publication: September 2016 Author: Oniward Svubure DISCLAIMER This document is made possible by the support of the American people through USAID. Its contents are the sole responsibility of the author or authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States government. ii Contents LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES .................................................................................................................. v ACRONYMS .............................................................................................................................................. vi EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................... viii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................................... xi CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background .................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Objectives of the research study ................................................................................................... 1 1.3 Materials and methods ................................................................................................................. 2 1.4 Conceptualisation of irrigation ...................................................................................................... 2 1.5 Study report organisation ............................................................................................................. 3 CHAPTER 2: HISTORICAL ANALYSIS OF IRRIGATION DEVELOPMENT IN ZIMBABWE ......................... 4 2.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 4 2.2 Three phase irrigation development in Zimbabwe ....................................................................... 5 2.3 Lessons from history ................................................................................................................... 16 CHAPTER 3: )IMBABWE’S IRRIGATION POTENTIAL ...................................................................... 19 3.1 Status of the Irrigation Sector in Zimbabwe ................................................................................ 19 3.2 Current Financing of the irrigation sector ................................................................................... 20 3.3 The Coutrs Irrigatio Deelopet Capait ......................................................................... 20 CHAPTER 4: PROPOSED SUSTAINABLE IRRIGATED AGRICULTURE MANAGEMENT MODELS ........... 22 4.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 22 4.2 Key success factors ...................................................................................................................... 22 4.3 Proposed management models .................................................................................................. 24 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................ 29 5.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 29 5.2 Toward sustainable irrigated agriculture .................................................................................... 29 5.3 Proposals for policy and regulatory issues .................................................................................. 32 ANNEXURE: CASE STUDY REPORTS .............................................................................................. 34 Case study 1: The Lilstock irrigation syndicate .................................................................................. 34 Case study 2: Mutema Irrigation Scheme (the banana project) ....................................................... 39 Case study 3: Odzani River Irrigation Company (ORIC) ..................................................................... 43 Case study 4: Chifundi and Elmly Park Irrigation Schemes: An A1 Fast Track Land Resettlement Programme (FTLRP) partnership model ............................................................................................ 45 iii REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................... 50 iv LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES Table 1: Oerie of )iaes irrigatio setor 1999 ..................................................................... 4 Table 2: Policy initiatives and practice in the years 1889 to 1930 of the colonial era ............................ 7 Table 3: Policy initiatives and practice in the years 1931 to 1942 of the colonial era ............................ 8 Table 4: Policy initiatives and practice in the years 1950 to 1970 of the colonial era ............................ 9 Table 5: Policy initiatives and practice in the years 1980 to 1983 of the pre-ESAP era ........................ 11 Table 6: Policy initiatives and practice in the years 1985 to 1987 of the pre-ESAP era ........................ 12 Table 7: Policy initiatives and practice under the ESAP era .................................................................. 13 Table 8: Summary of rehabilitation and development costs ................................................................ 19 Table 9: Current irrigation status by farming sector ............................................................................. 20 Table 10: Irrigation sector financing ...................................................................................................... 20 Table 11: Lilstock irrigation syndicate current membership ................................................................. 35 Table 12: Inventory of existing irrigation infrastructure ....................................................................... 36 Figure 1: Proposed model of organizational structure for optimum utilization of existing/new A1 and Communal irrigation infrastructure ...................................................................................................... 26 Figure 2: Proposed model of organizational structure for optimum utilization of new and existing A2 irrigation infrastructure ......................................................................................................................... 27 Figure 3: Proposed model of organizational structure for optimum utilization of informal irrigation 28 Figure 4: sketch map showing part of the farms in the proposed Lilstock irrigation syndicate ........... 38 Box 1: Four major answers can be put forward ........................................................................... 5 Box 2: Strategies used by CONEX and DNA in advising farmers ............................................... 8 Box 3: A Snippet of the Tilcor Concept .................................................................................................. 10 Box 4: Modalities for accessing the NFIF funding ................................................................................. 12 Picture 1: Impressive banana crop under micro-jet sprinkler systems at Mutema Irrigation Scheme in Chipinge district, Manicaland Province, 2016 ....................................................................................... 41 Picture 2: On-farm banana grading, weighing and packaging at Chibuwe Irrigation Scheme in Chipinge district, Manicaland Province, 2016 ...................................................................................................... 42 Picture 3: The 60 km Odzani River Irrigation Company (ORIC) gravity-fed canal in Mutare district, Manicaland Province, 2016 ................................................................................................................... 44 Picture 4: Winter wheat under a recently installed center pivot irrigation system at Chipfundi A1 irrigation scheme in Makonde district, Mashonaland West Province, 2016 ........................................ 47 v ACRONYMS ADA Agricultural Development Authority AFC Agricultural Finance Corporation AIMS Automated Irrigation Management System ARDA Agriculture and Rural Development Authority AREX Agricultural Research and Extension CIC Combined Irrigation Company CMC Cooperative Management Committee CSOS/T Community Share Ownership Scheme/ Trust CSU Central Service Unit DC District Commissioner DDF District Development Fund DERUDE Department
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