DOCSLIB.ORG

The Sardinian Large Elasmobranch Database

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Sardinian Large Elasmobranch Database The Sardinian large elasmobranch database by Tiziano STORAI (1), Benedetto CRISTO (2), Marco ZUFFA (3), Luca ZINZULA (4), Antonello FLORIS (5) & Arcangela Tiziana CAMPANILE (6) ABSTRACT. - Elasmobranchs have been recorded off Sardinia (Central Mediterranean Sea) since ancient times, however their biodiversity has been little studied until now. The Sardinian Large Elasmobranch Database (SLED) is a non-govern- ment project, carried out by the Istituto di Scienze Naturali e Biologia Marina of Olbia, the DNAquA laboratory of Cagliari and the cooperation of other independent researchers. The main objective of this project is the compilation of historical and recent records of Elasmobranch species in Sardinian waters. Since 2004, the research has identified 26 species of sharks, representing 15 families. The resulting database will be a useful tool for various studies on Sardinian coastal biodiversity and monitoring. RÉSUMÉ. - La base de données sarde sur les grands élasmobranches. Les élasmobranches ont été signalés dans les eaux de Sardaigne (Méditerranée centrale) depuis longtemps, mais leur biodiversité a été peu étudiée jusqu’à présent. La “Base de données sarde sur les grands élasmobranches” (SLED) est une initiative privée conduite par l’Istituto di Scienze Naturali e Biologia Marina d’Olbia, par le laboratoire DNAquA d e Cagliari et avec la collaboration de quelques chercheurs indépendants. Il a pour but principal de rassembler les données historiques et contemporaines concernant les espèces d’élasmobranches présentes dans les eaux de Sardaigne. Depuis 2004, on a recensé 26 espèces de requins appartenant à 15 familles. Cette base de données constituera un outil utile pour diverses études sur la biodiversité des côtes sardes et sa gestion. Key words. - Elasmobranchs - MED - Sardinia - Database - Biodiversity. Elasmobranch biodiversity in the Mediterranean Sea has METHODS USED BY SLED been the objective of several recent studies (Bertand et al. , 2000; Soldo, 2003; Serena, 2005), however some areas, To collect historical and recent data, SLED has adopted such as the waters of Sardinia (Central Mediterranean, the following methods: Italy), need more investigation, even though records have a) Surveys of various Sardinian fishery landing sites been collected since the 18th Century (Cetti, 1777). T h e (Olbia, Golfo Aranci, Santa Teresa di Gallura, A l g h e r o , Sardinian Large Elasmobranch Database (SLED) is a non- Bosa, Arbatax, Cagliari), according to a random methodolo- government project carried out by the Istituto di Scienze gy. Naturali e Biologia Marina of Olbia (I. Sn. Bm.), the b) Study of the specimens preserved in the collections of D N A q u A laboratory of Cagliari and other independent the universities of Cagliari and Sassari. researchers. Its main purpose is to collect historical and c) Analysis of the scientific literature related to species of recent data on Elasmobranch species occurring in Sardinian small size, caught as by-catch in commercial fisheries (Reli- waters. The present paper aims to present the methodology ni et al., 2000; De Maddalena and Piscitelli, 2001; Catalano adopted by SLED, and its preliminary checklist of Sardini- et al., 2003), and to species recorded for the first time in the an sharks, complementary to that for the skates (Follesa e t area (Fergusson and Compagno, 2000; Vacchi and Serena, a l., 2003) 2000). (1) DNAquA - Laboratorio di Ricerche e Studi sulla vita marina, Via San Carlo Borromeo 1, 09100 Cagliari (CA), ITALY. [[email protected]] (2) Istituto di Scienze Naturali e Biologia Marina, Via Vulcano 44, 07026 Olbia (OT), ITALY. [[email protected]] (3) Museo “L. Donini”, Via Prunaro 1, 40064 Ozzano nell’Emilia (BO), ITALY. [[email protected]] (4) DNAquA - Laboratorio di Ricerche e Studi sulla vita marina, Via San Carlo Borromeo 1, 09100 Cagliari (CA), ITALY. [[email protected]] (5) Istituto di Scienze Naturali e Biologia Marina, Via Vulcano 44, 07026 Olbia (OT), ITALY. [anfl[email protected]] (6) DNAquA - Laboratorio di Ricerche e Studi sulla vita marina, Via San Carlo Borromeo 1, 09100 Cagliari (CA), ITALY. [[email protected]] Cybium 2006, 30(4) suppl.: 141-144. The Sardinian elasmobranch database STORAI ET AL. People involved in SLED activities are volunteers; they all offer their time and competence to collect the data, and to compile them into the database. Since 2004, the present authors organized a network composed of SLED members, institutional correspondents and occa- sional collectors (tourists, divers, recre- ational fishermen, etc.). The records are classified into three categories: a) Direct record: when the data are collected by a SLED member (Fig. 1). Figure 1. - Record 2006HG047.3, a SLED operator measuring a stranded specimen of H . g r i s e u s near Perdesali (Cagliari). [Signalement 2006HG047.3, un opérateur du SLED b) Indirect record: when the data are mesure un spécimen de H. griseus échoué près de Perdesali (Cagliari).] collected by an institutional correspon- dent or an occasional collector. c) Closed record: when neither the data, nor the event, could be verified by any witness; such as the historical data extracted from literature. The collection of data follows the protocol adopted by the “MedLEM” project, in order to allow comparisons and links. Records are identified by a code of alphanumeric characters (e.g. 2006HG047.3) composed of the year of the record, the initials of the genus and species names of the specimen, a progressive number of the record, and a separate number (from 1 to 4) referring to one of the four areas defined for the Sardinian waters (Fig. 2). Records are also accessible by keywords. The data will be available for both scientific purposes (studies, publications) and popular uses (press releases, doc- umentaries; etc) and accessible online through the web site “ h t t p / / : w w w.dnaqua.it” with restricted access granted by the Webmaster. Periodical updating are scheduled. PRELIMINARY RESULTS In 2006, the database contains 107 records spanning the last 135 years, and consisting of 14 “historical” and 93 “recent” records; 51 records are documented by 192 pho- Figure 2 - The four areas defined for the Sardinia waters; western tographs stored in the base. and eastern areas are separated by Long. 9°00 E; northern and southern areas are separated by lat. 40°09’N. [Les quatre zones SLED has been focusing initially on large sharks because définies pour les eaux sardes ; les zones ouest et est sont séparées they usually are targeted by fisheries; also because they are par le méridien de longitude 9°00’E ; les zones nord et sud sont more commonly sighted, and that their captures (strangling séparées par le parallèle de latitude 40°09’N.] and beaching) are often recorded in various documents. However, all shark species, whatever the size, are recordable d) Collecting records of large sized species from com- in the database. mercial fisheries, Coast Guard, local authorities, sanitary Table I provides the preliminary list of the 26 shark o rganizations, environmental conservation groups, associa- species recorded in SLED. Two other species, Lamna nasus tions, diving centres, and recreational fishermen. When pos- (Bonnaterre, 1788) and Mustelus asterias (Cloquet, 1821), sible, photographic material has been collected. have been reported by local fishermen by their common e) Analysis of the popular literature, newspapers, maga- names, however their occurrence in Sardinian waters has yet zines, etc. to be confirmed. 142 Cybium 2006, 30(4) suppl. STORAI ET AL. The Sardinian elasmobranch database Table I. - Preliminary list of shark species recorded from Sardinian waters (from SLED database). [Liste pro v i s o i re des espèces de re q u i n s signalées dans les eaux sardes (d’après la base de données SLED).] Hexanchidae Alopiidae Heptranchias perlo (Bonnaterre, 1788) Alopias superciliosus (Lowe, 1840) Hexanchus griseus (Bonnaterre, 1788). Alopias vulpinus (Bonnaterre, 1788). Squalidae Cetorhinidae Squalus acanthias Smith & Radcliffe, 1912 Cetorhinus maximus (Gunnerus, 1765). Lamnidae Squalus blainvillei (Risso, 1826) Carcharodon carcharias (Linnaeus, 1758) Centrophoridae Isurus oxyrinchus Rafinesque,1810. Ce n t r op h o r us granulosus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) Scyliorhinidae Etmopteridae Galeus melastomus Rafinesque, 1810 Etmopterus spinax (Linnaeus, 1758); . Scyliorhinus canicula (Linnaeus, 1758) Oxynotidae Scyliorhinus stellaris (Linnaeus, 1758). Oxynotus centrina (Linnaeus, 1758). Triakidae Dalatiidae Galeorhinus galeus (Linnaeus, 1758) Dalatias licha (Bonnaterre, 1788); Mustelus mustelus (Linnaeus, 1758). Carcharhinidae Squatinidae Carcharhinus obscurus (LeSueur, 1818) Squatina squatina (Linnaeus, 1758). Carcharhinus plumbeus (Nardo, 1827) Odontaspididae Prionace glauca (Linnaeus, 1758). Carcharias taurus Rafinesque, 1810 Sphyrnidae Odontaspis ferox (Risso, 1810). Sphyrna zygaena (Linnaeus, 1758). DISCUSSION period of three years, increasing its usefulness for various studies on Sardinian coastal biodiversity and its monitoring. Approximately 54% of the shark species quoted for the A c k n o w l e d g e m e n t s. - Thanks to all people who kindly off e r e d Mediterranean Sea have been found in the waters surround- their help during the development of the SLED project, including ing Sardinia (Serena, 2005). This diversity is similar to that D r. Brett Human (Adelaide, Australia), Dr. Tobey Curtis (Bodega observed in neighbouring areas, such as Corsica (Miniconi, B a y, USA), Pr. Anna Maria Deiana (Università di Cagliari), Dr. Angelo Mojetta (Milano Aquarium, Italy) and Dr. Guy Oliver (Uni- 1987) and Tuscany (Storai, 2005). versité de Montpellier, France). Also the authors thank the editor The most common sharks found in the Sardinian fish- for his contribution! eries are E t m o p t e rus spinax and S c y l i o rhinus canicula; oth- ers occasionally caught are: Squatina squatina a n d REFERENCES Scyliorhinus stellaris, in the waters off Olbia and in Golfo B E RTAND J., GIL DE SOLA L., PA PA K O N S TANTINOU C., Aranci, Mustelus mustelus o ff Cagliari. These sharks were RELINI G. & A. SOUPLET, 2000. - Contribution on the distri- not recorded by Relini et al. (2000).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • AZIENDA SANITARIA LOCALE N Olbia
    SERVIIZIIO SANIITARIIO REGIIONE AUTONOMA DELLA SARDEGNA AZIENDA SANITARIA LOCALE N°2 Olbia GRADUATORIA “ALLEGATO B” ALLA DELIBERAZIONE DEL DIRETTORE GENERALE N°1553 DEL 21.06.2011 N° COGNOME NOME LUOGO DI NASCITA DATA DI NASCITA PUNTEGGIO NOTE 1 SOTGIU ANDREA SASSARI 08/06/1951 8,910 2 LEON SUAREZ ANA VERONICA LAS PALMAS DE GRAN CANARIA 25/11/1970 5,360 3 GIORDANO ORSINI EUGENIO TORRE DEL GRECO 22/12/1982 4,172 4 TOSI ELIANE CURITIBA 20/07/1966 2,906 5 DI PASQUALE LUCA ISERNIA 13/05/1983 2,589 6 BIOSA ANTONIO LA MADDALENA 17/01/1964 2,520 7 BARONE RAFFAELE GELA 29/03/1986 2,460 8 PITZALIS VALERIA CAGLIARI 22/06/1978 2,369 9 GAETANI MARIANNA FOGGIA 13/04/1983 2,320 10 ISU ALESSANDRO SAN GAVINO MONREALE 05/02/1974 2,270 11 SERAFINI VINCENZO ASCOLI PICENO 19/03/1977 2,240 12 TALANA MICHELE IGLESIAS 21/06/1987 1,780 p. per età 13 MELIS MIRKO CAGLIARI 06/11/1986 1,780 14 ABBRUSCATO RICCARDO AGRIGENTO 14/12/1981 1,660 15 PODDA SILVIA ARBUS 10/07/1985 1,642 1 Pubblica selezione - Collaboratore Professionale Sanitario-Tecnico Sanitario di Radiologia Medica – cat. D. 16 LODATO NICOLA CAVA DE' TIRRENI 15/05/1982 1,570 p. per età 17 DE DOMINICIS GIANLUCA ARIANO IRPINO 14/02/1977 1,570 18 DI CAIRANO LUCA PASCAL LUGANO 15/08/1981 1,550 19 LIOCE SABRINA SAN SEVERO 06/10/1987 1,460 20 D'AMICO ALFONSO CAVA DE' TIRRENI 14/03/1981 0,990 21 CALABRO' FRANCESCA CAGLIARI 14/03/1985 0,961 22 CARBONE CARMINE AVELLINO 17/11/1975 0,947 23 RUNZA GIUSEPPE ROSOLINI 03/03/1977 0,920 24 MICILLO ALESSANDRO LATINA 02/04/1986 0,902 25 PLACENINO MIRELLA SAN GIOVANNI ROTONDO 12/04/1987 0,800 26 BIBBO' ANDREA BENEVENTO 15/09/1987 0,710 p.
    [Show full text]
  • VOYAGE to VALLETTA from the ‘Eternal City’ to the ‘Silent City’ Aboard the Variety Voyager 16Th to 24Th May 2016
    LAUNCH OFFER - SAVE £300 PER PERSON VOYAGE TO VALLETTA From the ‘Eternal City’ to the ‘Silent City’ aboard the Variety Voyager 16th to 24th May 2016 All special offers are subject to availability. Our current booking conditions apply to all reservations and are available on request. Cover image: View over the Greek Doric Temple, Segesta, Sicily NOBLE CALEDONIA ere is a rare opportunity to visit both Ruins of the Greek temple at Selinunte Sardinia and Sicily, the Mediterranean’s Htwo largest islands combined with time to explore some of Malta’s wonders from the comfort of the private yacht, the Variety Voyager. This is not an itinerary which a large cruise ship could operate but one which is ideal for our 72-passenger vessel. All three islands feature a magnificent array of ancient ruins and attractive towns and villages which we will visit during our guided excursions whilst we have also allowed for ample time to explore independently. With comfortable temperatures and relatively crowd free sites, May is the perfect time to discover these islands and in addition we have the added benefit of excellent local THE ITINERARY Day 1 London to Rome, Italy. ITALY guides along the way and a knowledgeable Fly by scheduled flight. Arrive Q this afternoon and transfer to the onboard guest speaker who will bring to life Isla Maddalena Rome Olbia• • Variety Voyager in Civitavecchia. • •Civitavecchia Enjoy a welcome drink and dinner all we see. SARDINIA as we sail this evening to Sardinia. TYRRHENIAN SEA Cagliari• Day 2 Isla Maddalena & Olbia, Piazza • Armerina Sardinia. In 1789 Napoleon, then Mazara del • Vallo SICILY a young artillery commander was •Gela thwarted in his attempt to take GOZOQ • •Valletta the Maddalena archipelago by MALTA local Sardinian forces and in 1803 Lord Nelson arrived.
    [Show full text]
  • Official Journal C121
    ISSN 1725-2423 Official Journal C 121 of the European Union Volume 51 English edition Information and Notices 17 May 2008 Notice No Contents Page II Information INFORMATION FROM EUROPEAN UNION INSTITUTIONS AND BODIES Commission 2008/C 121/01 Authorisation for State aid pursuant to Articles 87 and 88 of the EC Treaty — Cases where the Commission raises no objections ............................................................................................. 1 2008/C 121/02 Authorisation for State aid pursuant to Articles 87 and 88 of the EC Treaty — Cases where the Commission raises no objections (1) .......................................................................................... 4 2008/C 121/03 State aids — Decisions to propose appropriate measures pursuant to Article 88(1) of the EC Treaty where the Member State concerned has accepted those measures (1) ................................................ 5 2008/C 121/04 Initiation of proceedings (Case COMP/M.4919 — Statoil/Conocophillips) (1) ..................................... 6 IV Notices NOTICES FROM EUROPEAN UNION INSTITUTIONS AND BODIES Commission 2008/C 121/05 Euro exchange rates ............................................................................................................... 7 NOTICES FROM MEMBER STATES 2008/C 121/06 Information communicated by Member States regarding State aid granted under Commission Regulation (EC) No 1628/2006 on the application of Articles 87 and 88 of the EC Treaty to national regional investment aid (1) ......................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Sardinia & Corsica (M-ID: 2354)
    +49 (0)40 468 992 48 Mo-Fr. 10:00h to 19.00h Sardinia & Corsica (M-ID: 2354) https://www.motourismo.com/en/listings/2354-sardinia-and-corsica from €2,999.00 Dates and duration (days) On request 16 days 04/23/2022 - 05/08/2022 16 days This is the ultimate tour for those who want to see the two most beautiful Mediterranean islands, Sardinia and Corsica, in one tour! Unlike many other operators, we use the night ferries for and Lanusei we return to the base hotel near Arbatax. the crossings from Genoa to Sardinia and back from Corsica to Toulon. They are more expensive, but we gain Day 6: Rest day. two extra days of vacation! Day at leisure ... to, for example, just lie around relaxed on the beach or take a small boat trip across the lagoon lake Program: Stagno di Tortolì. Day 1: Arrival at the intermediate hotel. Departure at 7.00 a.m. at the service area Geismühle West Day 7: To the Gulf of Cagliari. (A57) in southern direction for the common journey to Weil The southeast of Sardinia down to the Gulf of Cagliari is our am Rhein. touring destination today. The way there leads us through a paradise of curves along the coast, back we ride again Individual arrival possible. through the mountains of the Gennargentu range. Day 2: Over the Gotthard Pass to Genoa to the ferry. Day 8: Day trip to Santa Teresa Gallura to the ferry and From our stopover hotel in Weil am Rhein we ride over the crossing to Corsica.
    [Show full text]
  • Silversea Silver Muse 2017
    2017 – 2018 – 2019 BUONGIORNO E BENVENUTI Ever since Silversea’s early days, our principles have been rooted by our heritage. When my father Antonio, launched our first ship over 20 years ago, he advised me to keep our family values and traditions close to my heart and to not be swayed by ephemeral trends. In the ever-expanding market, it is an honour to say that it has been precisely that counsel that I have followed and that has allowed us to grow to what the company represents today: a recognised leader in luxury travel. Therefore, it is with great excitement that I introduce our newest ship, Silver Muse. Thus named, she is a divine ship; an inspirational work of art of the highest order. Boutique in size, she can visit ports that larger ships simply cannot access, yet retains an intimate, cosy, home away from home feeling. However – she is a proud ship too; large enough to offer the superlative quality of luxury service and options that we are famous for. She truly embodies our finest qualities and philosophies and is, by all definitions, the highest expression of Silversea excellence. When it comes to cruise ships, I don’t believe that bigger is better, but rather that the right size is better. A natural evolution of our sophisticated Italian design and world-renowned luxury, Silver Muse is not a total innovation, rather, we have listened to your valued feedback and modeled our newest flagship accordingly, tailor-making her to suit you. We believe that Silver Muse is quite simply, our best ship ever.
    [Show full text]
  • Field T Rip Guide Book
    Volume n° 5 - from P37 to P54 32nd INTERNATIONAL GEOLOGICAL CONGRESS HYDROGEOLOGY OF THE ISLAND OF SARDINIA (ITALY) Leader: G. Barrocu Field Trip Guide Book - P37 Field Trip Associate Leader: A. Vernier Florence - Italy August 20-28, 2004 Post-Congress P37 P37_copertina_R_OK C 26-05-2004, 11:03:05 The scientific content of this guide is under the total responsibility of the Authors Published by: APAT – Italian Agency for the Environmental Protection and Technical Services - Via Vitaliano Brancati, 48 - 00144 Roma - Italy Series Editors: Luca Guerrieri, Irene Rischia and Leonello Serva (APAT, Roma) English Desk-copy Editors: Paul Mazza (Università di Firenze), Jessica Ann Thonn (Università di Firenze), Nathalie Marléne Adams (Università di Firenze), Miriam Friedman (Università di Firenze), Kate Eadie (Freelance indipendent professional) Field Trip Committee: Leonello Serva (APAT, Roma), Alessandro Michetti (Università dell’Insubria, Como), Giulio Pavia (Università di Torino), Raffaele Pignone (Servizio Geologico Regione Emilia-Romagna, Bologna) and Riccardo Polino (CNR, Torino) Acknowledgments: The 32nd IGC Organizing Committee is grateful to Roberto Pompili and Elisa Brustia (APAT, Roma) for their collaboration in editing. Graphic project: Full snc - Firenze Layout and press: Lito Terrazzi srl - Firenze P37_copertina_R_OK D 26-05-2004, 11:02:12 Volume n° 5 - from P37 to P54 32nd INTERNATIONAL GEOLOGICAL CONGRESS HYDROGEOLOGY OF THE ISLAND OF SARDINIA (ITALY) AUTHORS: G. Barrocu, A. Vernier, F. Ardau (Editor), N. Salis, F. Sanna, M.G. Sciabica, S. Soddu (Università di Cagliari - Italy) Florence - Italy August 20-28, 2004 Post-Congress P37 P37_R_OK A 26-05-2004, 11:05:51 Front Cover: Su Gologone spring P37_R_OK B 26-05-2004, 11:05:53 HYDROGEOLOGY OF THE ISLAND OF SARDINIA (ITALY) P37 Leader: G.
    [Show full text]
  • Fred Olsen News Release
    Fred. Olsen latest best sellers… November 2018 Don’t forget your NARPO discount is in addition to the offers below! View in browser 13th November 2017 Below are our best selling Fred. Olsen cruises from the last seven days! (6th-13th November 2017) Happy Selling! Islands of the Mediterranean L1904 • Balmoral • 2nd April 2019 • 17 nights • Southampton Southampton - Malaga, Spain - Cartagena, Spain - Ibiza, Spain - Mahon, Menorca, Spain - Ajaccio, Corsica, France - Olbia, Sardinia, Italy - Palma, Mallorca, Spain - Cadiz, Spain - Lisbon, Portugal - Southampton Prices from £1,999pp FREE Door-to-Door Offer - up to 90 miles OR £150pp on board spend** European Cities L1729 • Balmoral • 30th November 2017 • 8 nights • Southampton Southampton - Rouen, France (overnight) - Amsterdam, Netherlands (overnight) - Antwerp, Belgium (overnight) - Southampton Prices from £449pp* (Based on ocean view) World War One Centenary Cruise M1828 • Braemar • 8th November 2018 • 7 nights • Southampton Southampton - Dunkirk, France - Ghent, Belgium - Antwerp, Belgium - Boulogne-Sur-Mer, France - Southampton Prices from £799pp French River Cruising to Bordeaux M1816 • Braemar • 28th June 2018 • 8 nights • Southampton Southampton - Rouen, France (overnight) - Cruising Seine River - Bordeaux, France (overnight)- Cruising Gironde & Garonne Rivers - Lorient, France - Southampton Prices from £999pp Islands of the Mediterranean L1806 • Balmoral • 3rd April 2018 • 17 nights • Southampton Southampton - El Ferrol, Spain - Ibiza, Spain - Barcelona, Spain - Ajaccio, Corsica, France - Olbia, Sardinia, Italy - Palermo, Sicily, Italy - Palma, Mallorca, Spain - Cadiz, Spain - Lisbon, Portugal - Southampton Prices from £1,899pp Scottish Winter Warmer W1723 • Black Watch • 1st December 2017 • 6 nights • London Tilbury London Tilbury - Invergordon (For Loch Ness), Scotland - Rosyth, Scotland - Dundee, Scotland - London Tilbury Prices from £449pp* (Based on ocean view) Voyage to the Caribbean M1730 • Braemar • 5th December 2017 • 17 nights • Southampton Southampton - Funchal, Madeira - St.
    [Show full text]
  • Creating a Film in Sardinia That Explores
    Doug Anderson Jauary 18, 2009 Wayland, Massachusetts My Sarclinian Experience: Mortimer Hays-Brandeis Fellowship Year-End Report I am now entering the final stages of editing a film whose idea was conceived more than two years ago. At that time in my life, the end of college was nigh. I could barely contain my trepidation at leaving the realm of formal education, under whose nurturing care I had thrived for nearly 16 consecutive years- seventeen years if we count the Fruit-Loops necklaces and singalongs of kindergarten. As I work and re-work this film material, cutting here and reordering there, I find myself following the advice of my ftlmmaking teacher, who during my trepidatious senior year would tell us to keep massaging our footage into what it wanted to become. I remember him saying, "this scene is two minutes long, but it wants to be one-and-a-half minutes." At the time, his wording struck me as antithetical to the the way I had been taught in academic subjects over the previous 17 years. Most of my recent education had involved things like math problems and analytical essays; what did I care how a problem set or a paper wanted to be completed? My task had always been simply to plan and exectue the appropriate solution or argument, often according to some formula or rubric. This contrast between two kinds of thinking-one relying on an objective, prescribed method and the other on a subjective, improvised approach-q uickly became a major theme in my conceiving of this film.
    [Show full text]
  • International Rate Centers for Virtual Numbers
    8x8 International Virtual Numbers Country City Country Code City Code Country City Country Code City Code Argentina Bahia Blanca 54 291 Australia Brisbane North East 61 736 Argentina Buenos Aires 54 11 Australia Brisbane North/North West 61 735 Argentina Cordoba 54 351 Australia Brisbane South East 61 730 Argentina Glew 54 2224 Australia Brisbane West/South West 61 737 Argentina Jose C Paz 54 2320 Australia Canberra 61 261 Argentina La Plata 54 221 Australia Clayton 61 385 Argentina Mar Del Plata 54 223 Australia Cleveland 61 730 Argentina Mendoza 54 261 Australia Craigieburn 61 383 Argentina Moreno 54 237 Australia Croydon 61 382 Argentina Neuquen 54 299 Australia Dandenong 61 387 Argentina Parana 54 343 Australia Dural 61 284 Argentina Pilar 54 2322 Australia Eltham 61 384 Argentina Rosario 54 341 Australia Engadine 61 285 Argentina San Juan 54 264 Australia Fremantle 61 862 Argentina San Luis 54 2652 Australia Herne Hill 61 861 Argentina Santa Fe 54 342 Australia Ipswich 61 730 Argentina Tucuman 54 381 Australia Kalamunda 61 861 Australia Adelaide City Center 61 871 Australia Kalkallo 61 381 Australia Adelaide East 61 871 Australia Liverpool 61 281 Australia Adelaide North East 61 871 Australia Mclaren Vale 61 872 Australia Adelaide North West 61 871 Australia Melbourne City And South 61 386 Australia Adelaide South 61 871 Australia Melbourne East 61 388 Australia Adelaide West 61 871 Australia Melbourne North East 61 384 Australia Armadale 61 861 Australia Melbourne South East 61 385 Australia Avalon Beach 61 284 Australia Melbourne
    [Show full text]
  • Sardinia-Corsica with Black Orange
    Corsica & Sardinia 2-week itinerary suggestion Corsica & Sardinia Discover these two islands and their proud independent spirit, magnificent and dramatic landscapes and the most exquisite local cuisine. Corsica is known as the ‘Island of Beauty’. The island offers a choice of glittering bays, stylish coastal cities and fabulous beaches, jagged peaked mountains to frame it all and a number of breath-taking, enigmatic cliff-top villages. This wonderful variety of scenery, preserved from the aggressions of development and tourism, make it a favourite for most sea-goers. Corsica & Sardinia Sardinia is known for its rugged interior landscapes, strange and evoca- 2-week itinerary suggestion tive remnants ancient nuraghic culture (proof that people have been enjoying the lovely climate here for millennia) as well as its emerald seas and white sandy beaches that rival the tropics.The two offer a seductive combination that lures people back time after time. 2 Itinerary Day Location - Distance 1 Genoa > Portofino > Calvi (overnight) 14+106nm 2 Calvi 3 Calvi > Piana/La Girolata -25nm 4 La Girolata > Minaccia Bay > Acqua Doria or Cupabia Bay- 25 + 25nm 5 Cupabia Bay > Propriano > Alghero 8 + 90nm 6 Alghero (Sardinia) 7 Alghero > Oristano - 50nm 8 Oristano > Cala Domestica - 30nm 9 Cala Domestica > Sant’Antioco > Porto Pino 18 + 15nm 10 Porto Pino > Pula & Nora - 30nm 11 Nora > Cagliari -15nm This itinerary is a suggestion only with distances 12 Cagliari > Villasimius -19nm and timings dependent on weather conditions. Any itinerary is flexible within reason and can be Villasimius > Arbatax - 55nm changed either in advance of or during the 13 charter itself with the guidance of the Captain.
    [Show full text]
  • Evolution of Medicinal Plant Knowledge in Southern Italy
    ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 30 September 2015 doi: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00207 From cumulative cultural transmission to evidence-based medicine: evolution of medicinal plant knowledge in Southern Italy Marco Leonti 1*, Peter O. Staub 1, Stefano Cabras 2, 3, Maria Eugenia Castellanos 4 and Laura Casu 5 1 Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy, 2 Department of Mathematics and Informatics, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy, 3 Department of Statistics, Carlos III University of Madrid, Getafe, Spain, 4 Department of Informatics and Statistics, Rey Juan Carlos University, Móstoles, Spain, 5 Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy In Mediterranean cultures written records of medicinal plant use have a long tradition. Edited by: This written record contributed to building a consensus about what was perceived to Xue-Jun Sun, be an efficacious pharmacopeia. Passed down through millennia, these scripts have Second Military Medical University, China transmitted knowledge about plant uses, with high fidelity, to scholars and laypersons Reviewed by: alike. Herbal medicine’s importance and the long-standing written record call for a Marcia Hiriart, better understanding of the mechanisms influencing the transmission of contemporary Universidad Nacional Autonoma de medicinal plant knowledge. Here we contextualize herbal medicine within evolutionary Mexico, Mexico Liselotte Krenn, medicine and cultural evolution. Cumulative knowledge transmission is approached by University of Vienna, Austria estimating the causal effect of two seminal scripts about materia medica written by *Correspondence: Dioscorides and Galen, two classical Greco-Roman physicians, on today’s medicinal Marco Leonti, Department of Biomedical Sciences, plant use in the Southern Italian regions of Campania, Sardinia, and Sicily.
    [Show full text]
  • Olbia: Results of the Intercultural Cities Index Date: March 2015 a Comparison Between 70 Cities1
    Olbia: Results of the Intercultural Cities Index Date: March 2015 A comparison between 70 cities1 Introduction The Intercultural Cities programme is a joint initiative between the Council of Europe and the European Commission. It seeks to explore the potential of an intercultural approach to integration in communities with culturally diverse populations. The cities participating in the programme are reviewing their governance, policies, discourse and practices from an intercultural point of view. In the past, this review has taken the form of narrative reports and city profiles – a form which is rich in content and detail. However, it is relatively weak as a tool to monitor and communicate progress. The new Intercultural City Index has been designed as a new benchmarking tool for the cities taking part in the pilot phase of the programme as well as future participants. As of today 70 cities have undergone their intercultural policies analysis using the Intercultural City Index: Amadora (Portugal), Arezzo (Italy), Barcelona (Spain), Beja (Portugal), Bergen (Norway), Bilbao (Spain), Botkyrka (Sweden), Campi Bisenzio (Italy), Cartagena (Spain), Casalecchio di Rena (Italy), Castellón (Spain), Castelvetro (Italy), Coimbra (Portugal), Constanta (Romania), Copenhagen (Denmark), Donostia-San Sebastian2 (Spain), Dortmund (Germany), Dublin (Ireland), Duisburg (Germany), Erlangen (Germany), Forli (Italy), Fucecchio (Italy), Fuenlabrada (Spain), Geneva (Switzerland), Genoa (Italy), Getxo (Spain), Haifa (Israel), Hamburg (Germany), Izhevsk (Udmart
    [Show full text]