Guide to Improved Shrinkage Performance of Cotton Fabrics
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Performance Textiles and Fabrics: Assessing and Verifying Product Performance Claims Executive Summary
PERFORMANCE TEXTILES AND FABRICS: ASSESSING AND VERIFYING PRODUCT PERFORMANCE CLAIMS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Performance textiles and fabrics are rapidly bringing apparel and footwear products into the 21st century. Manufacturers today are innovating at breakneck speed and bringing to the market synthetic textiles and fabrics with enhanced performance characteristics, or that feature embedded fibers or topical applications. This has led to the widespread introduction of advanced performance apparel and footwear that offer consumers new levels of comfort and safety. At the same time, sorting through claims regarding the performance characteristics of these advanced textiles and fabrics can present real challenges for manufacturers, retailers and consumers. At a minimum, the myriad of vague, conflicting or unsubstantiated marketing claims and characterizations used to promote these materials often result in frustration and disappointment. And fraudulent representations can unnecessarily expose apparel manufacturers and retail buyers to potentially hazardous chemicals and other risks. This UL white paper identifies some of the key performance considerations for advanced textiles and fabrics, and reviews the challenges of vague or unsubstantiated marketing claims used to promote these products. The white paper also discusses the importance of verifying performance claims, and offers an overview of UL’s marketing claim verification services for performance textiles and fabrics. page 2 BACKGROUND Performance textiles and fabrics are generally defined as materials that have been expressly designed and produced to include or to enhance specific performance characteristics, such as increased warmth, durability or moisture resistance. These new or enhanced performance characteristics are typically achieved through the selection of specialized fibers, or the inclusion of such fibers along with natural or synthetic materials during the spinning, weaving or knitting process, or by the addition of coatings or other finishes to the finished fabric. -
Textile Printing
TECHNICAL BULLETIN 6399 Weston Parkway, Cary, North Carolina, 27513 • Telephone (919) 678-2220 ISP 1004 TEXTILE PRINTING This report is sponsored by the Importer Support Program and written to address the technical needs of product sourcers. © 2003 Cotton Incorporated. All rights reserved; America’s Cotton Producers and Importers. INTRODUCTION The desire of adding color and design to textile materials is almost as old as mankind. Early civilizations used color and design to distinguish themselves and to set themselves apart from others. Textile printing is the most important and versatile of the techniques used to add design, color, and specialty to textile fabrics. It can be thought of as the coloring technique that combines art, engineering, and dyeing technology to produce textile product images that had previously only existed in the imagination of the textile designer. Textile printing can realistically be considered localized dyeing. In ancient times, man sought these designs and images mainly for clothing or apparel, but in today’s marketplace, textile printing is important for upholstery, domestics (sheets, towels, draperies), floor coverings, and numerous other uses. The exact origin of textile printing is difficult to determine. However, a number of early civilizations developed various techniques for imparting color and design to textile garments. Batik is a modern art form for developing unique dyed patterns on textile fabrics very similar to textile printing. Batik is characterized by unique patterns and color combinations as well as the appearance of fracture lines due to the cracking of the wax during the dyeing process. Batik is derived from the Japanese term, “Ambatik,” which means “dabbing,” “writing,” or “drawing.” In Egypt, records from 23-79 AD describe a hot wax technique similar to batik. -
Personal Protective Equipment Program Purpose & Scope
Revised: 8/1/20 Personal Protective Equipment Program Purpose & Scope The purpose of this program is to establish guidelines for Fayetteville State University employees who may encounter workplace hazards that require personal protective equipment (PPE) as prescribed in the Occupational Safety and Health Administration’s (OSHA’s) PPE Standard – 29 CFR 1910.132. This program applies to all employees that must wear PPE. Program Statement It is the responsibility of Fayetteville State University to protect students, faculty, and staff from anticipated hazards. This program establishes a minimum standard for the use of personal protective equipment within Fayetteville State University to ensure compliance with OSHA standards. Definitions Eye & Face Protection – Equipment designed to provide protection to the face and eyes during exposure to such hazards as flying particles, molten metal or sparks, liquid chemicals, acids or caustic liquids, or potentially injurious light radiation (i.e. lasers, welding, etc.) Foot Protection – Equipment designed to provide protection to the feet and toes during exposure to such hazards as falling or rolling objects, chemical or liquid exposures, piercing objects through the sole or uppers, and/or where the employee’s feet are exposed to electrical hazards. Hand Protection – Equipment designed to provide protection to the hands during exposures to potential hazards such as sharp objects, abrasive surfaces, temperature extremes, and chemical contact. Hazard Assessment – The process used to identify hazards in the workplace and to select the appropriate personal protective equipment to guard against potential hazards (see Hazard Assessment Guidelines at the end of this program). Head Protection – Equipment designed to provide protection to the head during exposure to potential hazards such as falling objects, striking against low hanging objects, or electrical hazards. -
2013 Cotton Performance Tests
The Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center at Lubbock/Halfway/Pecos - 2014 COTTON PERFORMANCE TESTS in the Texas High Plains and Trans Pecos Areas of Texas 2013 Technical Report TEXAS A&M AgriLife RESEARCH / CRAIG NESSLER, DIRECTOR THE TEXAS A&M SYSTEM / COLLEGE STATION, TEXAS Cotton Performance Tests in the Texas High Plains and Trans-Pecos Areas of Texas 20131/ J.K. Dever, V. Morgan, M.S. Kelley, T.A. Wheeler, H. Flippin, V. Mendoza, and A. Cranmer2/ Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center Lubbock-Halfway-Pecos 1/ Tests were conducted by Texas A&M AgriLife Research in cooperation with Texas A&M AgriLife Extension. 2/ Associate Professor, Research Associate, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Lubbock; Extension Specialist, Texas A&M AgriLife Extension, Lubbock; Professor, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Lubbock; Research Technician, Research Assistant, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Lubbock; Farm Research Manager, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Halfway. TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 4 Acknowledgments ............................................................................................................................... 5 Glossary of Table Headings ......................................................................................................................... 6 UNIFORM COTTON VARIETY TESTS - IRRIGATED Table Lubbock 1 Production Information ......................................................................................... -
2016 Top Markets Report Technical Textiles
2016 Top Markets Report Technical Textiles A Market Assessment Tool for U.S. Exporters May 2016 U.S. Department of Commerce | International Trade Administration | Industry & Analysis (I&A) Industry & Analysis’ (I&A) staff of industry, trade and economic analysts devise and implement international trade, investment, and export promotion strategies that strengthen the global competitiveness of U.S. industries. These initiatives unlock export, and investment opportunities for U.S. businesses by combining in-depth quantitative and qualitative analysis with ITA’s industry relationships. For more information, visit www.trade.gov/industry I&A is part of the International Trade Administration, whose mission is to create prosperity by strengthening the competitiveness of U.S. industry, promoting trade and investment, and ensuring fair trade and compliance with trade laws and agreements. Robert Carrigg and Rachel Alarid served as lead authors on this report. A special thanks goes to the many commercial specialists that reviewed early drafts and provided thoughtful insights and support. Table of Contents Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................... 2 Overview and Key Findings ................................................................................................................ 5 Country Case Studies Brazil ........................................................................................................................................................... -
Fabricating Carbon Fiber Airframes, Part 2: Finishing
In This Issue Fabricating Carbon Fiber Airframes, Part 2: Finishing Cover Photo: Lift-off shot by Erin Card at NARAM56 in Pueblo, CO Apogee Components, Inc. — Your Source For Rocket Supplies That Will Take You To The “Peak-of-Flight” 3355 Fillmore Ridge Heights Colorado Springs, Colorado 80907-9024 USA www.ApogeeRockets.com e-mail: [email protected] Phone: 719-535-9335 Fax: 719-534-9050 ISSUE 371 AUGUST 12, 2014 Fabricating Carbon Fiber Airframes Part 2: Finishing By Alex Laraway Congratulations! You’ve moved onto what is frankly the most Start by releasing the lip of the mylar from around one side tedious part of fabricating tubing: getting it to look pretty. of the tube. Once you are finished, use a long dowel to be- One of the reasons carbon fiber is so highly valued is its aes- gin breaking the bond between the mylar and the epoxy on thetic characteristics. For this reason, bare carbon fiber is an the inside of the tube. Ram the dowel to the opposite end of attractive option for the finish on high-end sports cars, bikes, the tube and slowly work it around so that the entire mylar motorcycles and, of course, rockets. Getting a smooth gloss layer is broken out from the epoxy. After this step, the mylar “naked” carbon fiber is tiresome at best, especially starting should slide out with ease! with a peel ply texture. The basic idea is to give it a series of epoxy coats and sand each coat down with a different series of sandpaper grits with each epoxy pass. -
Determination of Open-Circuit, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus
Procedure No. RCT-CBRN-STP-0002 Page 1 of 31 National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory Respirator Branch 626 Cochrans Mill Road Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania15236 Date: December 14, 2001. NOTE: The Respirator Branch maintains an updated index of current procedures. DETERMINATION OF OPEN CIRCUIT, SELF-CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS (SCBA) PERFORMANCE DURING DYNAMIC TESTING AGAINST CHEMICAL AGENTS OF SARIN (GB) VAPOR AND DISTILLED SULFUR MUSTARD (HD) VAPOR AND LIQUID STANDARD TESTING PROCEDURE (STP) 1. PURPOSE 1.1 This test establishes the procedures for ensuring the level of respiratory protection provided under special Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear (CBRN) requirements for Open-circuit Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) with Full Facepiece submitted for Approval, Extension of Approval, or examined during Certification Product Audits, meet the minimum certification standards set forth in Title 42 CFR, Part 84, Subpart G, Section 84.63(c). 1.2 This procedure is used to test SCBA systems against Sarin GB vapor or Distilled Sulfur Mustard (HD) vapor and/or liquid, while the mask is operated in dynamic mode by means of a breather pump connected to the mouth area of the manikin. The mask is installed on a head/upper torso form known as a Simulant Agent Resistant Test Manikin (SMARTMAN). The SMARTMAN is enclosed in an air-tight exposure chamber. Instrumentation is integrated under one static chamber platform capable of generating and controlling challenge concentrations and detecting precise agent permeation of a tested respirator. Sampling ports, associated detection systems and exhalation engineering controls in the SMARTMAN are used to detect the presence of agent at known sampling areas of the eye and oral/nasal regions. -
How Is Performance in the Heat Affected by Clothing?
Journal of Fiber Bioengineering and Informatics Review How is Performance in the Heat Affected by Clothing? Ingvar Holmér Thermal Environment Laboratory, Department of Ergonomics, Faculty of Engineering Lund University, Lund, Sweden Abstract: Adequate heat balance is critical to human performance in the heat. If heat balance cannot be maintained, the core temperature increases and body water dehydration leads to exhaustion and limit the performance. Clothing heat transfer properties, thermal insulation and water vapour resistance, modify heat exchange and may indirectly affect performance. Work in protective clothing quickly becomes exhaustive in impermeable garments, but can be easily completed with much less strain in permeable garments. Athletes, in particular in sports of endurance type, may produce more than 1000 W/m2 in an event lasting several hours. Physical examination of the heat balance of a runner reveals that a 20 % lower water vapour resistance of a covering running suit allows the runner a longer run time or a higher speed per km before critical physiological strain is reached. Keywords: performance, heat Stress, core temperature, skin temperature, water vapour resistance 1. Introduction 2. Human heat balance Physical or muscular performance is associated Heat balance is required for sustained work with overcoming various forms of external physical performance. If balance is not maintained heat loads or resistances such as for example lifting your is stored in the body and the tissue temperatures center of gravity in high jump or overcoming the increase. Increasing tissue temperatures, in particular resistance of wind or water in cycling or swimming. core temperature, is associated with increasing Most focus in exercise and sports physiology is on physiological strain and at some critical level the physiological and psychological factors that exhaustion is reached and work intensity cannot be determine performance [1]. -
EFFECTS of BIO-FINISHING on COTTON and COTTON/WOOL BLENDED FABRICS by SHRIDHAR CHIKODI, B.Tech. a THESIS in CLOTHING, TEXTILES
EFFECTS OF BIO-FINISHING ON COTTON AND COTTON/WOOL BLENDED FABRICS by SHRIDHAR CHIKODI, B.Tech. A THESIS IN CLOTHING, TEXTILES, AND MERCHANDISING Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Texas Tech University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Approved Accepted May, 1994 fjC fl£1-1 ;q;:; u goS TJ Jh ~t/'li I qq.lf /V/). I U>p·~ © 1994 Shridhar Chikodi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS In accomplishing this work, there are many people who have inspired my determination. To begin with, I would like to thank my thesis committee chairman, Dr. Samina Khan, for her invaluable guidance and encouragement throughout this project. I am thankful to Dr. Shelley Harp for the consistent support and attention to detail which was invaluable. I extend my sincere thanks to Dr. R.D. Mehta whose research expertise has been crucial to the success of this project. I am also grateful to Dr. Jerry Mason, for his support throughout my stay at Tech. I am indebted to the personnel at International Center for Textile Research and Development and to Mark Grimson at Scanning Electron Microscopy lab, for their contribution to this research. I would like to express my heartfelt thanks to my parents, for their undying love, faith and immeasurable sacrifices they have made on my behalf. I truly owe them everything. A final acknowledgement I extend to my close friend Janie, for her never-ending encouragement, support, and assistance in the past two years. 11 TABLE OF CONTENTS .. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . ll LIST OF TABLES . vi LIST OF FIGURES . viii CHAPTERS I . -
Performance Upholstery Summary
PERFORMANCE UPHOLSTERY KnollTextiles offers a variety of upholstery fabrics suitable for demanding environments. These fabrics have specific properties or characteristics qualifying them for performance use. Performance attributes may be inherent to the fiber or added to the fabric with a variety of finishing technologies applied during or after the production process. This document defines performance criteria for upholstery fabrics and offers a comparison of fibers and stocked finishes. Please see the Performance Finishes document for information on KnollTextiles’ aftermarket finishing options. When considering performance products always qualify the end use and the expectations of the environment. For example, is bleach cleaning necessary? Will the upholstery be exposed to direct sunlight? Is it vulnerable to liquids and spills? To assist in choosing the most appropriate upholsteries, KnollTextiles offers an online advanced search function that filters search results by specific performance criteria. Items marked in this document with a magnifying glass are advanced search filters found on knolltextiles.com DEFINITIONS The Association of Contract Textiles (ACT) defines performance by the following characteristics: Flammability Measurement of a fabric’s performance when exposed to specific sources of ignition. Colorfastness A material’s degree of resistance to the fading effect of light. Wet and dry crocking The transfer of dye from the surface of a dyed or printed fabric onto another surface by rubbing. Physical Properties Key factors in assessing overall durability of fabric vary depending on the fabric construction. Abrasion The surface wear of a fabric caused by rubbing and contact with another fabric. At KnollTextiles, we also consider: Bleach Cleanability Fabric that does not weaken or fade when exposed to bleach. -
High Visibility Clothing for Heavy & Highway Construction
HIGH VISIBILITY CLOTHING FOR HEAVY & HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION Fatalities Total 305 Workers Must Be Seen 9 8 5 According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), “The most common 15 event associated with fatal occupational injuries incurred at a road construction site was worker struck by vehicle, mobile equipment. Of the 639 total fatal occupational injuries at road construction sites during the 2003–07period, 305 were due to a worker being struck by a vehicle or mobile equipment.” The BLS article further reports that more workers are struck and killed by construction equipment (38 percent) than by cars, vans and tractor-trailers (33 percent). As such, work zone “runovers” and “backovers” are clearly the greatest hazard to roadway construction workers and, by far, the leading cause of death. The use of high visibility clothing is one important strategy in reducing the number of “struck-by” deaths on road construction sites. Dump Truck Pickup Truck Semi Truck Car Roller/Paver Grader/Planer/ Van Backhoe Scraper HIGH VISIBILITY CLOTHING FOR HEAVY & HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION Standards and Regulations ANSI/ISEA 107 U.S. Federal Highway Administration This standard provides performance criteria for Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices Several agencies of the the materials to be used in high visibility PPE, (MUTCD) 6D.03 (2009): All workers, including specifies minimum areas and, where appropri- emergency responders, within the right-of-way federal U.S. government ate, recommends placement of the materials. who are exposed either to traffic -
Guide for the Selection of Personal Protective Equipment for Emergency First Responders
U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs National Institute of Justice National Institute of Justice Law Enforcement and Corrections Standards and Testing Program Guide for the Selection of Personal Protective Equipment for Emergency First Responders NIJ Guide 102–00 Volume I November 2002 U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs 810 Seventh Street N.W. Washington, DC 20531 John Ashcroft Attorney General Deborah J. Daniels Assistant Attorney General Sarah V. Hart Director, National Institute of Justice For grant and funding information, contact: Department of Justice Response Center 800–421–6770 Office of Justice Programs National Institute of Justice World Wide Web Site World Wide Web Site http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/nij U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs National Institute of Justice Guide for the Selection of Personal Protective Equipment for Emergency First Responders NIJ Guide 102-00, Volume I Dr. Alim A. Fatah1 John A. Barrett2 Richard D. Arcilesi, Jr.2 Charlotte H. Lattin2 Charles G. Janney2 Edward A. Blackman2 Coordination by: Office of Law Enforcement Standards National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg, MD 20899–8102 Prepared for: National Institute of Justice Office of Science and Technology Washington, DC 20531 November 2002 This document was prepared under CBIAC contract number SPO-900-94-D-0002 and Interagency Agreement M92361 between NIST and the Department of Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC). NCJ 191518 1National Institute of Standards and Technology, Office of Law Enforcement Standards. 2Battelle Memorial Institute. National Institute of Justice Sarah V. Hart Director This guide was prepared for the National Institute of Justice, U.S.