DOCSLIB.ORG

Use of Theses

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Use of Theses Australian National University THESES SIS/LIBRARY TELEPHONE: +61 2 6125 4631 R.G. MENZIES LIBRARY BUILDING NO:2 FACSIMILE: +61 2 6125 4063 THE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY EMAIL: [email protected] CANBERRA ACT 0200 AUSTRALIA USE OF THESES This copy is supplied for purposes of private study and research only. Passages from the thesis may not be copied or closely paraphrased without the written consent of the author. IRAN AS A REGIONAL MILITARY POWER (1970-78) Maqsud ul Hasan Nuri Thesis submitted for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of International Relati The Australian National University September 1979 This thesis is my own original work. Maqsud Ail Hasan Nuri CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION 1 IRAN'S THREAT PERCEPTIONS UNDER THE SHAH 6 THE IRANIAN ARMED FORCES - MAJOR DEFENCE AND NUCLEAR PROGRAMME 41 IRAN'S OCCUPATION OF THE GULF ISLANDS AND MILITARY INVOLVEMENT IN OMAN 67 IRAN-UNITED STATES MILITARY RELATIONSHIP 89 IRAN'S ARMAMENT PROGRAMME: A CRITIQUE 138 THE REVOLUTION OF 19 7 8-79: A CHANGE IN PERCEPTIONS 173 CONCLUSIONS 231 APPENDIX 1 238 APPENDIX 2 241 SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY 243 MAPS INTRODUCTION After 1970, Iran under the Shah started acquiring most of the attributes of a major regional power in the Persian Gulf region. As compared with its neighbours, it had a relatively larger population, a better developed techno-industrial base and a higher oil production rate (second only to Saudi Arabia). After the 1973 Arab-Israeli war, the excess of oil revenues as a result of the oil price increase was used to convert the Iranian oil wealth into a sizable military machine. This was mainly carried out through a rapid weapons acquisitions programme. Earlier, the strategic factors i.e. the announcement of Britain's withdrawal from the Persian Gulf in January 196 8 and the actual withdrawal in December 19 71 gave Iran an opportunity to fill the military vacuum by increasing its military strength. Thus by 1978 Iran had achieved an almost unchallenged status as the principal power in the Persian Gulf. This was mainly because: (1) It possessed armed forces (army, navy and air­ force) which were both quantitatively and qualitatively superior to those of most countries in the Persian Gulf. (2) No country in the Persian Gulf (or even the Middle East except Israel) since World War II had developed and maintained such deep-rooted political, economic and strategic links with the United States. (3) It made itself responsible for the overall protection and security of the Gulf region, particularly in safe-guarding the free passage of oil 2 through the Persian Gulf to Western Europe, Japan, South Africa and Israel. On this unimpeded flow of oil depended the economic and ultimately the political health of these countries. (4) It took a leading role in the forging of regional security moves in the Persian Gulf and on few occasions employed its armed forces as protector of the regional status quo and a counterpoise to emerging radical regimes. (5) On the economic front, it embarked on financial aid giving programmes to countries in the Persian Gulf, the Middle East and even the Indian sub-continent; politically it exerted an invisible but a palpable presence behind the governments that favoured a moderate solution to Middle East problems. (6) As the monarch of an oil rich state, the Shah's pronouncements were heeded by world statesmen. These pronouncements ranged from an international scheme for the price-indexing of developing countries' primary commodities, to support for proposals of regional economic cooperation, Third World demands for a new international economic order, and the future pricing of oil. The purpose of this study is to examine the growth and development of Iran as a regional military power from 19 70 till the end of 19 78. Although the main focus are these eight years, the study is carried forward into the first quarter of 19 79 due to the momentous development in Iran, 3 i.e. the Islamic Revolution which led to the overthrow of the monarchy. The emphasis is exclusively on 'the military aspect rather than the economic, though the development in the former could not have been possible without the latter. Before going into the summary of different chapters, an explanation of certain key terms frequently used in the study may be useful. The region to which Iran is viewed as belonging is the (Persian) Gulf sub-system. The 'boundaries of the Persian Gulf sub-system are demarcated by the outer limits of all those states that border the Persian Gulf: Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, Oman, Abu Dhabi, Sharjah and Dubai. The 'elements' of this sub-system are those which result from the interactions of the states mentioned, and the global or trans-national inter-actions of actors who exert considerable influence in the region, e.g. the superpowers, multinational oil companies, revolut­ ionary movements such as the Omani rebels, and nations- without-states such as the Kurds, Palestinians and Baluchis. 'Power' in the Persian Gulf region is viewed as primarily 'military power' although it assumes the presence of an economic base from which this 'military power' is ultimately derived. The thesis is divided into the following six chapters: Chapter I deals with the sources and types of threat perceptions which Iran experienced under the Shah. Chapter II describes the rapid growth and modernization undertaken by the Shah for the Iranian armed forces (army, 4 navy and airforce). A section also discusses the nuclear programme. The chapter also takes into account the military capability desired and ultimately achieved. Chapter III analyses the projection of military strength of Iran across its borders: the forcible occupation of three islands in the Persian Gulf and sustained military inter­ vention in Oman. Finally, the main motivations behind these military moves and the reasons for success are considered. Chapter IV explores the Iran-U.S. military relationship and the evolution of U.S. military programmes in Iran; the U.S. military presence; and the diverse political, economic and strategic interests that brought both of them together. Chapter V attempts a critique of the Shah's threat perceptions and his huge armament programme. In addition, other arguments justifying the Shah's military buildup are brought under scrutiny. Chapter VI reviews in detail the events in Iran (1978-79) when Iran faced the Revolution leading to the overthrow of the monarchy. The chapter brings into focus the main sources of 'internal threat' to the Shah; the role and conduct of the military during the mass upsurge; the new perceptions regarding security by post-revolutionary Iran, and the politico-strategic implications of the Revolution in the Persian Gulf and the Middle East. In brief this study attempts to describe how the Shah goaded by geo-political incentives, encouraged by vast financial resources, and inspired by a vision of launching Iran into an age of 'Great Civilization', set upon 5 an ambitious course to see its greatness reflected as a regional power in the area. In this quest for 'greatness' he seemed to approve of the sentiments once expressed by another self-confident monarch, Frederick the Great of Prussia: 'Do not forget the great guns that are the most respectable argument of the rights of Kings'. CHAPTER I IRAN'S THREAT PERCEPTIONS UNDER THE SHAH 6 Introduction After the 197 3 Arab-Israeli war, Iran under the Shah embarked upon a hectic military buildup programme. The sheer size and rapidity of this massive buildup seemed to suggest that Iran was primarily motivated by grave threats to its national security. This theme of national insecurity becomes apparent from the various speeches and statements of the Shah. In these he frequently referred to 'different threats' posed to Iran from across the borders. In this chapter an attempt is made to identify the various sources and types of threats to Iran as perceived by the Shah. Threat to the Oil Till 1978 Iran had the world's fourth biggest oil reserves (approximately 60 billion barrels) after Saudi Arabia, U.S.S.R. and Kuwait and was the fourth biggest producer after the U.S.S.R., Saudi Arabia and U.S.A. It was the second biggest exporter and in normal times nearly six million barrels of oil daily left the Persian Gulf’*' terminals. Iran then obtained over eighty per cent ^ The term 'Persian Gulf' is controversial. While some of the Arab countries have tried to rename it as the 'Arabian Gulf', it is used here as the 'Persian Gulf' for historical reasons. For the purpose of this study it is used to include Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates and Oman. (cont' d) 7 of her foreign exchange reserves from oil exports. The total Gulf oil approximating 30 million barrels a day passed through the Straits of Hormuz, supplying 70 per cent of Western Europe's and 90 per cent of Japan's requirements. The most tangible threat to Iran concerned the vulnerability 3 of her oil economy. According to the Shah, the Persian Gulf and the Straits of Hormuz in truth constitute Iran's life line. If this area were in any way ^ threatened our very life would be endangered. 1 (cont'd) The Persian Gulf extends from the Hormuz Straits sweeping in a north-westerly direction, all the way to Iraq. It is about 800 kilometres long from the Hormuz Straits to the Karun River; about 180-250 kilometres wide and has an approximate area of 250,000 square kilometres. Its depth is about 100 metres, at its deepest near the Straits, but due to the Karun River which deposits about 725 million cubic metres of alluvial silt every year, the north-western tip of the Gulf is becoming shallower every year, and the area of the Gulf is shrinking.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • American Strategic Policy and Iranian Political Development 1943-1979
    University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 1985 American strategic policy and Iranian political development 1943-1979 Mohsen Shabdar The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Shabdar, Mohsen, "American strategic policy and Iranian political development 1943-1979" (1985). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 5189. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/5189 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. COPYRIGHT ACT OF 1976 Th is is an unpublished manuscript in which copyright sub ­ s is t s , Any further r epr in tin g of it s contents must be approved BY THE AUTHOR, Man sfield L ibrary Un iv e r s it y of Montana Date : •*' 1 8 AMERICAN STRATEGIC POLICY AND IRANIAN POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT 1943-1979 By Mohsen Shabdar B.A., Rocky Mountain College, 1983 Presented in partial fu lfillm e n t of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts UNIVERSITY OF MONTANA 1985 Approved by: ‘ Chairman, Board of Examir\efs Dean, Graduate School UMI Number: EP40653 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted.
    [Show full text]
  • Britain, British Petroleum, Shell and the Remaking of the International Oil Industry, 1957-1979
    Empires of Energy: Britain, British Petroleum, Shell and the Remaking of the International Oil Industry, 1957-1979 Author: Jonathan Robert Kuiken Persistent link: http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:104079 This work is posted on eScholarship@BC, Boston College University Libraries. Boston College Electronic Thesis or Dissertation, 2013 Copyright is held by the author, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise noted. Boston College The Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Department of History EMPIRES OF ENERGY: BRITAIN, BRITISH PETROLEUM, SHELL AND THE REMAKING OF THE INTERNATIONAL OIL INDUSTRY, 1957-1979 [A dissertation by] JONATHAN R. KUIKEN submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy August, 2013 © copyright by JONATHAN ROBERT KUIKEN 2013 Empires of Energy: Britain, British Petroleum, Shell and the remaking of the international oil industry, 1957-1979 Jonathan R. Kuiken Dissertation Advisor - James E. Cronin Dissertation Abstract This dissertation examines British oil policy from the aftermath of the Suez Crisis in 1956-1957 until the Iranian Revolution and the electoral victory of Margaret Thatcher’s Conservative Party in 1979. It was a period marked by major transitions within Britain’s oil policy as well as broader changes within the international oil market. It argues that the story of Britain, and Britain’s two domestically-based oil companies, BP and Shell, offers a valuable case study in the development of competing ideas about the reorganization of the international oil industry in the wake of the rise of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting countries and the companies’ losing control over the production of oil.
    [Show full text]
  • Metal Men Metal Men Marc Rich and the $10 Billion Scam A
    Metal Men Metal Men Marc Rich and the $10 Billion Scam A. Craig Copetas No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, scanning or any information storage retrieval system, without explicit permission in writing from the Author. © Copyright 1985 by A. Craig Copetas First e-reads publication 1999 www.e-reads.com ISBN 0-7592-3859-6 for B.D. Don Erickson & Margaret Sagan Acknowledgments [ e - reads] Acknowledgments o those individual traders around the world who allowed me to con- duct deals under their supervision so that I could better grasp the trader’s life, I thank you for trusting me to handle your business Tactivities with discretion. Many of those traders who helped me most have no desire to be thanked. They were usually the most helpful. So thank you anyway. You know who you are. Among those both inside and outside the international commodity trad- ing profession who did help, my sincere gratitude goes to Robert Karl Manoff, Lee Mason, James Horwitz, Grainne James, Constance Sayre, Gerry Joe Goldstein, Christine Goldstein, David Noonan, Susan Faiola, Gary Redmore, Ellen Hume, Terry O’Neil, Calliope, Alan Flacks, Hank Fisher, Ernie Torriero, Gordon “Mr. Rhodium” Davidson, Steve Bronis, Jan Bronis, Steve Shipman, Henry Rothschild, David Tendler, John Leese, Dan Baum, Bert Rubin, Ernie Byle, Steven English and the Cobalt Cartel, Michael Buchter, Peter Marshall, Herve Kelecom, Misha, Mark Heutlinger, Bonnie Cutler, John and Galina Mariani, Bennie (Bollag) and his Jets, Fredy Haemmerli, Wil Oosterhout, Christopher Dark, Eddie de Werk, Hubert Hutton, Fred Schwartz, Ira Sloan, Frank Wolstencroft, Congressman James Santini, John Culkin, Urs Aeby, Lynn Grebstad, Intertech Resources, the Kaypro Corporation, Harper’s magazine, Cambridge Metals, Redco v Acknowledgments [ e - reads] Resources, the Swire Group, ITR International, Philipp Brothers, the Heavy Metal Kids, and .
    [Show full text]
  • Khomeinism, the Islamic Revolution and Anti Americanism
    Khomeinism, the Islamic Revolution and Anti Americanism Mohammad Rezaie Yazdi A thesis submitted to the University of Birmingham For the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY School of Political Science and International Studies University of Birmingham March 2016 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. Abstract The 1979 Islamic Revolution of Iran was based and formed upon the concept of Khomeinism, the religious, political, and social ideas of Ayatullah Ruhollah Khomeini. While the Iranian revolution was carried out with the slogans of independence, freedom, and Islamic Republic, Khomeini's framework gave it a specific impetus for the unity of people, religious culture, and leadership. Khomeinism was not just an effort, on a religious basis, to alter a national system. It included and was dependent upon the projection of a clash beyond a “national” struggle, including was a clash of ideology with that associated with the United States. Analysing the Iran-US relationship over the past century and Khomeini’s interpretation of it, this thesis attempts to show how the Ayatullah projected "America" versus Iranian national freedom and religious pride.
    [Show full text]
  • Bureau of Air Safety Investigation Report Basi
    BUREAU OF AIR SAFETY INVESTIGATION REPORT BASI Report B/916/1017 Bell 214ST Helicopter VH-HOQ Timor Sea Latitude 12° 30' south Longitude 124° 25' east 22 November 1991 Bureau of Air Safety Investigation /i.:V Transport and Healonaf Development Department of Transport and Communications Bureau of Air Safety Investigation ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION REPORT B/916/1017 Bell 214ST Helicopter VH-HOQ Timor Sea Latitude 12° 30' south Longitude 124° 25' east 22 November 1991 Released by the Director of the Bureau of Air Safety Investigation under the provisions of Air Navigation Regulation 283 Bureau of Air Safety Investigation When the Bureau makes recommendations as a result of its investigations or research, safety, (in accordance with our charter), is our primary consideration. However, the Bureau fully recognises that the implementation of recommendations arising from its investigations will in some cases incur a cost to the industry. Consequently, the Bureau always attempts to ensure that common sense applies whenever recommendations are formulated. BASI does not have the resources to carry out a full cost- benefit analysis of every recommendation. The cost of any recommendation must always be balanced against its benefits to safety, and aviation safety involves the whole community. Such analysis is a matter for the CAA and the industry. ISBN 0642 193959 June 1993 This report was produced by the Bureau of Air Safety Investigation (BASI), PO Box 967, Civic Square ACT 2608. The Director of the Bureau authorised the investigation and the publication of this report pursuant to his delegated powers conferred by Air Navigation Regulations 278 and 283 respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • PRODUCT and SERVICES CATALOGUE September 2021
    PRODUCT AND SERVICES CATALOGUE September 2021 COMPONENTS | AVIONICS | STRUCTURES | STC DESIGN/DEVELOPMENT | MANUFACTURING | INSPECTIONS 1 Full Line of Aircraft Services Get Flying, Faster COMPONENTS | AVIONICS | STRUCTURES | STC DESIGN/DEVELOPMENT | MANUFACTURING | INSPECTIONS VIH Aerospace offers a variety of Manufacturing, Maintenance, Repair & Overhaul (MMRO) services and products for the helicopter industry. We specialize in providing high quality and cost effective solutions including: • Component Repair, Overhaul, Paint, Rental & Exchange VIH Aerospace • Avionics Repair, Installations, Upgrades, Rewiring, & NVIS Supports • Structural Repairs, Aircraft Completions, Refurbishments, Paint, & Inspections Bell | Sikorsky | Airbus • Engineering Services, STC Design/Development, 3D Scanning • Manufacturing, Machining, Welding, Modifications, & NDT • Scheduled & Unscheduled Inspections Our Address Contact Us 1962 Canso Rd. Phone: 250-655-6828 | Fax: 250-655-6842 | Toll Free: 1-833-267-9494 North Saanich, BC, Sales Enquiries: [email protected] | General Enquiries: [email protected] Canada V8L 5V5 Website: www.vihaerospace.com 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Get Flying Faster .............................................................................. 2 Our Industry Partners .................................................................... 3 Meet our Team ................................................................................. 4 Aircraft MMRO Services ................................................................. 5 OUR INDUSTRY PARTNERS Component
    [Show full text]
  • In All the Major Political Developments in Twentieth-Century Iran, From
    THE WORKING CLASS AND THE ISLAMIC STATE IN IRAN H A I D E H M O G H I S S I A ND S A E E D R A H N E M A n all the major political developments in twentieth-century Iran, from the Iconstitutional revolution of 1906–11 and the nationalization of the oil industry in early 1950s to the political upheavals of early 1960s and the 1979 revolution, workers were major participants and demonstrated a high level of militancy. However, governments of diverse persuasions, from the Pahlavis’ modernizing dictatorial monarchy to the liberal nationalists, and the Islamists’ pre-modern theocracy, have ignored workers’ legitimate demands and suppressed their dissent. Many factors account for this failure, not least of them being the qualitative and quantitative weaknesses of the working class—a result of the specific nature of capitalist development and industrialization in Iran. Because of its own internal weaknesses, the workers’ movement has depended historically on left social democratic and communist movements both organi- zationally and intellectually. In fact, socialist and communist ideas about the workers’ right to form unions and emancipate themselves preceded the emer- gence of the working class itself. Yet dependence on external leadership made Iranian workers susceptible to the theoretical and political wavering and internal conflicts of the country’s left intelligentsia. As well, the continuous suppression of the left by successive dictatorial regimes inevitably also affected the militancy and organizational efficacy of the working-class movement. In this context, it is reasonable to argue that the progress of the working-class movement has been and continues to be directly linked to the movement for democracy and social change.
    [Show full text]
  • ACTA UNIVERSITATIS UPSALIENSIS Studia Iranica Upsaliensia 28
    ACTA UNIVERSITATIS UPSALIENSIS Studia Iranica Upsaliensia 28 Traces of Time The Image of the Islamic Revolution, the Hero and Martyrdom in Persian Novels Written in Iran and in Exile Behrooz Sheyda ABSTRACT Sheyda, B. 2016. Traces of Time. The Image of the Islamic Revolution, the Hero and Martyrdom in Persian Novels Written in Iran and in Exile. Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. Studia Iranica Upsaliensia 28. 196 pp. Uppsala. ISBN 978-91-554-9577-0 The present study explores the image of the Islamic Revolution, the concept of the hero, and the concept of martyrdom as depicted in ten post-Revolutionary Persian novels written and published in Iran compared with ten post-Revolutionary Persian novels written and published in exile. The method is based on a comparative analysis of these two categories of novels. Roland Barthes’s structuralism will be used as the theoretical tool for the analysis of the novels. The comparative analysis of the two groups of novels will be carried out within the framework of Foucault’s theory of discourse. Since its emergence, the Persian novel has been a scene for the dialogue between the five main discourses in the history of Iran since the Constitutional Revolution; this dialogue, in turn, has taken place within the larger framework of the dialogue between modernity and traditionalism. The main conclusion to be drawn from the present study is that the establishment of the Islamic Republic has merely altered the makeup of the scene, while the primary dialogue between modernity and traditionalism continues unabated. This dialogue can be heard in the way the Islamic Republic, the hero, and martyrdom are portrayed in the twenty post-Revolutionary novels in this study.
    [Show full text]
  • Going Places
    Bristow Group Inc. 2007 Annual Report Going Places Bristow Group Inc. 2000 W Sam Houston Pkwy S Suite 1700, Houston, Texas 77042 t 713.267.7600 f 713.267.7620 www.bristowgroup.com 2007 Annual Report BOARD OF DIRECTORS OFFICERS CORPORATE INFORMATION Thomas C. Knudson William E. Chiles Corporate Offi ces Chairman, Bristow Group Inc.; President, Chief Executive Offi cer Bristow Group Inc. Retired Senior Vice President of and Director 2000 W Sam Houston Pkwy S ConocoPhillips Suite 1700, Houston, Texas 77042 Perry L. Elders Telephone: 713.267.7600 Thomas N. Amonett Executive Vice President and Fax: 713.267.7620 President and CEO, Chief Financial Offi cer www.bristowgroup.com Champion Technologies, Inc. Richard D. Burman Common Stock Information Charles F. Bolden, Jr. Senior Vice President, The company’s NYSE symbol is BRS. Major General Charles F. Bolden Jr., Eastern Hemisphere U.S. Marine Corps (Retired); Investor Information CEO of JACKandPANTHER L.L.C. Michael R. Suldo Additional information on the company Senior Vice President, is available at our web site Peter N. Buckley Western Hemisphere www.bristowgroup.com Chairman, Caledonia Investments plc. Michael J. Simon Transfer Agent Senior Vice President, Mellon Investor Services LLC Stephen J. Cannon Production Management 480 Washington Boulevard Retired President, Jersey City, NJ 07310 DynCorp International, L.L.C. Patrick Corr www.melloninvestor.com Senior Vice President, Jonathan H. Cartwright Global Training Auditors Finance Director, KPMG LLP Our Values Caledonia Investments plc. Mark B. Duncan Senior Vice President, William E. Chiles Global Business Development President & Chief Executive Offi cer, Bristow’s values represent our core beliefs about how we conduct our business.
    [Show full text]
  • More Embraer Rj-145 Flight Simulators on Order For
    The News from FlightSafety… FLIGHTSAFETY RECEIVES APPROVAL FROM AVIATION REGULATORY AUTHORITIES IN EUROPE AND BRAZIL FOR ITS BELL HELICOPTER SIMULATORS AND TRAINING PROGRAMS LaGuardia Airport, New York (October 20, 2009) – FlightSafety International has received Joint Aviation Authority Type Rating Training Organization approval from the United Kingdom Civil Aviation Authority for its Bell Helicopter 212/412 and 430 training programs. In addition the Bell Helicopter 212/412 simulator has been qualified by the European Aviation Safety Agency and the Bell Helicopter 430 simulator has also been qualified by the National Civil Aviation Agency of Brazil and EASA. The Bell Helicopter 212, 412 and 430 simulators and training programs are located at FlightSafety’s Learning Center in Fort Worth, Texas. “This qualification of our Bell Helicopter simulators and training programs demonstrates the quality and effectiveness of our training programs and high fidelity of our flight simulators.” said Barbara Taylor, Manager, Fort Worth Learning Center. “Our Customers appreciate FlightSafety’s ability to develop and deliver helicopter training programs that are tailored to their specific needs and meet the regulatory requirements they operate under.” FlightSafety has provided factory authorized training for aircraft manufactured by Bell Helicopter for more than 30 years. The company currently offers training programs for Bell 212, Bell 214ST, Bell 222, Bell 230, Bell 412 and Bell 430 aircraft at its Learning Center in Fort Worth, Texas. Other professional helicopter training programs are offered by FlightSafety at its Learning Centers in Lafayette, Louisiana; West Palm Beach, Florida and at the Farnborough airport in the United Kingdom. FlightSafety was the first simulator manufacturer to receive Level D qualification from the Federal Aviation Administration for a full flight helicopter simulator.
    [Show full text]
  • UC Irvine Electronic Theses and Dissertations
    UC Irvine UC Irvine Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title The Petrodollar Era and Relations between the United States and the Middle East and North Africa, 1969-1980 Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9m52q2hk Author Wight, David M. Publication Date 2014 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERISITY OF CALIFORNIA, IRVINE The Petrodollar Era and Relations between the United States and the Middle East and North Africa, 1969-1980 DISSERTATION submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in History by David M. Wight Dissertation Committee: Professor Emily S. Rosenberg, chair Professor Mark LeVine Associate Professor Salim Yaqub 2014 © 2014 David M. Wight DEDICATION To Michelle ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF FIGURES iv LIST OF TABLES v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS vi CURRICULUM VITAE vii ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION x INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER 1: The Road to the Oil Shock 14 CHAPTER 2: Structuring Petrodollar Flows 78 CHAPTER 3: Visions of Petrodollar Promise and Peril 127 CHAPTER 4: The Triangle to the Nile 189 CHAPTER 5: The Carter Administration and the Petrodollar-Arms Complex 231 CONCLUSION 277 BIBLIOGRAPHY 287 iii LIST OF FIGURES Page Figure 1.1 Sectors of the MENA as Percentage of World GNI, 1970-1977 19 Figure 1.2 Selected Countries as Percentage of World GNI, 1970-1977 20 Figure 1.3 Current Account Balances of the Non-Communist World, 1970-1977 22 Figure 1.4 Value of US Exports to the MENA, 1946-1977 24 Figure 5.1 US Military Sales Agreements per Fiscal Year, 1970-1980 255 iv LIST OF TABLES Page Table 2.1 Net Change in Deployment of OPEC’s Capital Surplus, 1974-1976 120 Table 5.1 US Military Sales Agreements per Fiscal Year, 1970-1980 256 v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS It is a cliché that one accumulates countless debts while writing a monograph, but in researching and writing this dissertation I have come to learn the depth of the truth of this statement.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 UCSD, Department of History HINE 126 – Iranian Revolution In
    1 UCSD, Department of History HINE 126 – Iranian Revolution in Historical Perspective Winter Quarter 2006 Professor: Dr. Ali Gheissari E-mail: [email protected] Office: HSS 4086B, Phone: (858) 534 3541 Office Hrs: Tuesday / Thursday 2:45-3:20 PM Class: Tuesday / Thursday 3:30-4:50 PM, Peterson Hall 103 Tests: Midterm: Thursday, February 16, 2006, 3:30-4:50 PM, in-class. Final: Friday, March 24, 2006, 3:00-6:00 PM, in-class. Iranian Revolution in Historical Perspective This course will study the Iranian revolution of 1979 in its historical context, and will examine major aspects of the political and social history of modern Iran. It will include reformist ideas in the 19th century Qajar society, the Constitutional movement of the early 20th century, nationalism, formation and development of the Pahlavi state, anatomy of the 1979 revolution, and a survey of the Islamic Republic. Further attention will be given to certain political, social, and intellectual themes in 20th century Iran and their impact on the revolution, as well as discussions on the reception of (and response to) Western ideas in diverse areas such as political ideologies, legal theory, and ethics. Ultimately focus will be given to major currents after the revolution, such as debates on democracy and electoral politics, factionalism, reform movement, and conservative consolidation. Evaluation and Grading: There will be two tests: one midterm (35 points) and a final (65 points). Both tests will consist of a mixture of short and long Essays, based on two Study Guides relating to each half of the course. Students are advised to pay utmost attention in fulfilling these Study Guides.
    [Show full text]