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Informe Final UNIVERSIDAD DE CONCEPCIÓN Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas Departamento de Oceanografía INFORME FINAL PROYECTO FIPA 2015-20 ACTUALIZACION DE PARÁMETROS DE HISTORIA DE VIDA DE REINETA (Brama australis) EN AGUAS NACIONALES REQUIRENTE : Fondo de Investigación Pesquera y de Acuicultura OFERENTE : Universidad de Concepción Concepción, octubre de 2017 TITULO DEL PROYECTO : FIPA 2015-20 “ACTUALIZACION DE PARÁMETROS DE HISTORIA DE VIDA DE REINETA (Brama australis) EN AGUAS NACIONALES” REQUIRENTE : Fondo de Investigación Pesquera y de Acuicultura UNIDAD EJECUTORA : Departamento de Oceanografía, Universidad de Concepción DIRECTOR PROYECTO : Prof. Dr. Hugo Arancibia Este documento debe ser citado como: Arancibia, H., R. Alarcón, M. Barros, S. Neira, L. Cisterna, S. López, C. Sagua, J. F. Gavilán y P. San Martín. 2017. Informe Final. Proyecto FIP N° 2015-20 “Actualización de parámetros de historia de vida de reineta (Brama australis) en aguas nacionales”. Universidad de Concepción, 249 p. + anexos. Informe Final Proyecto FIPA N° 2015-20. Universidad de Concepción TABLA DE CONTENIDOS Pág. UNIVERSIDAD DE CONCEPCIÓN ........................................................................................... i TABLA DE CONTENIDOS .......................................................................................................... i ÍNDICE DE TABLAS ................................................................................................................. vii ÍNDICE DE FIGURAS .............................................................................................................. xiii ÍNDICE DE ANEXOS ............................................................................................................... xix Resumen Ejecutivo ...................................................................................................................... xx Executive Abstract ..................................................................................................................... xxv 1. PRESENTACION .................................................................................................................. 1 2. Antecedentes ........................................................................................................................... 2 3. Objetivos ................................................................................................................................. 8 3.1. Objetivo General............................................................................................................. 8 3.2. Objetivo Específicos ....................................................................................................... 8 4. Metodología .......................................................................................................................... 10 4.1. Consideraciones sobre el muestreo .............................................................................. 10 4.2. Objetivo Específico 1 ................................................................................................... 15 4.2.1. Resumen .......................................................................................................... 15 4.2.2. Revisión bibliográfica ..................................................................................... 15 4.2.2. Consultas a científicos extranjeros – Construcción de mapa de presencia de reineta ......................................................................................... 21 4.2.3. Revisión de proyectos FIP y MINECOM ....................................................... 23 4.2.3.1. Meta-análisis de variables bio-pesqueras de reineta ....................................... 24 4.2.3.2. Meta-análisis de parámetros de crecimiento de reineta .................................. 29 4.2.3.3. Aspectos reproductivos de reineta en Chile .................................................... 32 -1 -1 4.2.3.4. Mortalidades natural (M; año ) y total (Z; año ) de reineta .......................... 33 4.2.3.5. Reineta como bycatch en cruceros de merluzas .............................................. 33 4.2.4. Discusión ......................................................................................................... 36 4.2.5. Conclusiones ................................................................................................... 38 4.2.5. Referencias Bibliográficas .............................................................................. 39 i Informe Final Proyecto FIPA N° 2015-20. Universidad de Concepción 4.3. Objetivo Específico 2 ................................................................................................... 41 4.3.1. Resumen .......................................................................................................... 41 4.3.2. Metodología de trabajo .................................................................................... 41 4.3.2.1. Fuentes de información .............................................................................. 41 4.3.2.2. Análisis espacio-temporal del esfuerzo y rendimiento de pesca ................ 42 4.3.2.3. Distribución espacial de la densidad poblacional ...................................... 43 4.3.2.4. Composición de tamaño de la captura ....................................................... 44 4.3.2.5. Relación talla-peso ..................................................................................... 47 4.3.3. Resultados ....................................................................................................... 49 4.3.3.1. Fuentes de información disponibles ........................................................... 49 4.3.3.2. Análisis espacio-temporal del esfuerzo y rendimiento de pesca ................ 50 4.3.3.3. Composición de tamaños en las capturas ................................................... 62 4.3.4. Conclusiones ................................................................................................... 70 4.3.5. Referencias bibliográficas ............................................................................... 71 4.4. Objetivo Específico 3 ................................................................................................... 72 4.4.1. Edad y crecimiento .......................................................................................... 72 4.4.1.1. Resumen ..................................................................................................... 72 4.4.1.2. Introducción ............................................................................................... 72 4.4.1.3. Metodología de trabajo .............................................................................. 73 4.4.1.3.1. Muestreos Biológicos ................................................................................. 73 4.4.1.3.2. Obtención de los otolitos ............................................................................ 74 4.4.1.3.3. Lectura de anillos anuales en los otolitos ................................................... 74 4.4.1.3.4. Medición de anillos en los otolitos sagittae ............................................... 76 4.4.1.3.5. Análisis de microincrementos de crecimiento en otolitos sagittae seccionados ................................................................................................ 76 4.4.1.4. Resultados .................................................................................................. 78 4.4.1.4.1. Lectura de anillos anuales en otolitos sagittae ........................................... 78 4.4.1.4.2. Estimación de parámetros de crecimiento en longitud de B. australis ...................................................................................................... 78 4.4.1.4.3. Estimación de parámetros de crecimiento en longitud de B. australis ...................................................................................................... 79 ii Informe Final Proyecto FIPA N° 2015-20. Universidad de Concepción 4.4.1.5. Discusión .................................................................................................... 80 4.4.1.6. Conclusiones .............................................................................................. 82 4.4.1.7. Referencias Bibliográficas ......................................................................... 83 4.4.2. Mortalidad natural y mortalidad total .............................................................. 84 4.4.2.1. Resumen ..................................................................................................... 84 4.4.2.2. Introducción ............................................................................................... 84 4.4.2.3. Metodología de trabajo .............................................................................. 85 4.4.2.3.1. Mortalidad natural (M) ............................................................................... 85 4.4.2.3.2. Precisión de la estimación de M................................................................. 88 4.4.2.3.3. Mortalidad total (Z) .................................................................................... 89 4.4.2.4. Resultados .................................................................................................. 91 4.4.2.4.1. Mortalidad Natural ..................................................................................... 91 4.4.2.4.2. Mortalidad Total (Z) .................................................................................
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