The Eruv and Its Benefits
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The Beautiful Cubit System I Douglas 2019 the Beautiful Cubit System
The Beautiful Cubit System I Douglas 2019 The Beautiful Cubit System Ian Douglas, B.Sc [email protected] 30 June 2019 Version 1.0.0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3263864 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Abstract An analysis of the Egyptian Royal cubit, presenting some research and opinions flowing from that research, into what I believe was the original cubit, and how it was corrupted. I show various close arithmetic approximations and multiple ways of getting the divisions of the cubit, as well as some related measures. The cubit also encapsulates the basic components for the metric system. Keywords: Egyptology, metrology, royal cubit, cubit, metre, foot, metric system Contents 1. Introduction 2. Overview of current understanding 3. An alternative origin 4. Different ways of approximating the royal cubit 5. Different ways of getting the cubit divisions 6. Geometry, the Royal Cubit and the metric system 7. Bibliography 1. Introduction The cubit is a well-know ancient measure of length, used around various places in the Middle East and Mediterranean region in the distant past. 1 The Beautiful Cubit System I Douglas 2019 It is allegedly based on the length of a human (male) fore-arm. It is typically measured from the back of the elbow to some point between the wrist and the end of the outstretched middle finger, or in some variants, a point beyond that. The problem with this approach is that everyone’s arm is a different length. If the heights of the dynastic Egyptians is taken as representative, then their arms would have been too short to justify the accepted lengths. -
Guide to Practical Halacha and Home Ritual for Conservative Jews
DRAFT Guide to Practical Halacha and Home Ritual For Conservative Jews By Yehuda Wiesen Last Revised August 11, 2004 I am looking for a publisher for this Guide. Contact me with suggestions. (Contact info is on page 2.) Copyright © 1998,1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 Joel P. Wiesen Newton, Massachusetts 02459 Limited and revocable permission is granted to reproduce this book as follows: (a) the copyright notice must remain in place on each page (if less than a page is reproduced, the source must be cited as it appears at the bottom of each page), (b) the reproduction may be distributed only for non-profit purposes, and (c) no charge may be made for copying, mailing or distribution of the copies. All requests for other reproduction rights should be addressed to the author. DRAFT Guide to Practical Halacha and Home Ritual For Conservative Jews Preface Many Conservative Jews have a strong desire to learn some practical and ritual halacha (Jewish law) but have no ready source of succinct information. Often the only readily available books or web sites present an Orthodox viewpoint. This Guide is meant to provide an introduction to selected practical halachic topics from the viewpoint of Conservative Judaism. In addition, it gives some instruction on how to conduct various home rituals, and gives basic guidance for some major life events and other situations when a Rabbi may not be immediately available. Halacha is a guide to living a religious, ethical and moral life of the type expected and required of a Jew. Halacha covers all aspects of life, including, for example, food, business law and ethics, marriage, raising children, birth, death, mourning, holidays, and prayer. -
Pesach for the Year 5780 Times Listed Are for Passaic, NJ Based in Part Upon the Guide Prepared by Rabbi Shmuel Lesches (Yeshivah Shul – Young Yeshivah, Melbourne)
בס״ד Laws and Customs: Pesach For the year 5780 Times listed are for Passaic, NJ Based in part upon the guide prepared by Rabbi Shmuel Lesches (Yeshivah Shul – Young Yeshivah, Melbourne) THIRTY DAYS BEFORE PESACH not to impact one’s Sefiras Haomer. CLEANING AWAY THE [Alert: Polar flight routes can be From Purim onward, one should learn CHAMETZ equally, if not more, problematic. and become fluent in the Halachos of Guidance should be sought from a It is improper to complain about the Pesach. Since an inspiring Pesach is Rav familiar with these matters.] work and effort required in preparing the product of diligent preparation, for Pesach. one should learn Maamarim which MONTH OF NISSAN focus on its inner dimension. Matzah One should remember to clean or Tachnun is not recited the entire is not eaten. However, until the end- discard any Chometz found in the month. Similarly, Av Harachamim and time for eating Chometz on Erev “less obvious” locations such as Tzidkasecha are omitted each Pesach, one may eat Matzah-like vacuum cleaners, brooms, mops, floor Shabbos. crackers which are really Chometz or ducts, kitchen walls, car interiors egg-Matzah. One may also eat Matzah The Nossi is recited each of the first (including rented cars), car-seats, balls or foods containing Matzah twelve days of Nissan, followed by the baby carriages, highchairs (the tray meal. One may also be lenient for Yehi Ratzon printed in the Siddur. It is should also be lined), briefcases, children below the age of Chinuch. recited even by a Kohen and Levi. -
Eruvin 079.Pub
ט' חשון תשפ“אTues, Oct 27 2020 OVERVIEW of the Daf Distinctive INSIGHT ביטול Pebbles (cont.) Defining the duration of (1 הח איסור שבת דאפילו ארקי מי מבטל -Three accepted resolutions are presented to resolve the con tradiction between our Mishnah and a Mishnah in Ohalos re- garding pebbles. T he Gemara (Sukkah 4a) discusses a sukkah which is unac- 2) Placing a board over the ditch ceptable because its roof of schach is higher than twenty amos Rava distinguishes with regards to the ruling in the Mish- above the floor. Straw or dirt is then placed in a pile to be left nah between placing the board across the width of the ditch there, thus causing the distance between the heightened floor and placing it across the length of the ditch. and the schach to be within twenty amos. The Gemara rules 3) Balconies that this is acceptable. The question the rishonim discuss is must be forever, or if it is enough for the pile ביטול Rava presents different ways the balconies could be ar- whether the ranged and the halachos for each arrangement. of dirt or straw to be intended to be left in its spot for the dura- 4) MISHNAH: The Mishnah discusses the issue of a haystack tion of the seven days of Sukkos. Those who maintain that it is to be for seven days bring a proof from ביטול that separates two chatzeros. adequate for the 5) Feeding animals from the haystack our Gemara, where a wallet is considered to be “permanently R’ Huna rules that one may not take straw from the hay- placed”, even though it will only remain in its place for the du- ration of Shabbos. -
Ancient Egyptian Cubits – Origin and Evolution
Ancient Egyptian Cubits – Origin and Evolution by Antoine Pierre Hirsch A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Near and Middle Eastern Civilizations University of Toronto © Copyright by Antoine Pierre Hirsch 2013 i Ancient Egyptian Cubits – Origin and Evolution Antoine Pierre Hirsch Doctor of Philosophy Near and Middle Eastern Civilizations University of Toronto 2013 Abstract This thesis suggests that prior to Ptolemaic and Roman times, ancient Egypt had two distinct and parallel linear systems: the royal system limited to official architectural projects and land measurements, and a great (aA) system used for everyday measurements. A key 1/3 ratio explains ancient Egyptian linear measurements and their agricultural origin. Emmer is 1/3 lighter than barley, consequently, for an equal weight, a container filled with emmer will be 1/3 greater than a container filled with barley. The lengths derived from both containers share the same 1/3 ratio. The second chapter, Previous Studies, lists the work of scholars involved directly or indirectly with ancient Egyptian metrology. The third chapter, The Royal Cubit as a Converter and the Scribe’s Palette as a Measuring Device, capitalizes on the colour scheme (black and white on the reproduction of Appendix A) appearing on the Amenemope cubit artifact to show the presence of two cubits and two systems: the black (royal system) and the white (great [aA] system) materialized by the scribe's palette of 30, 40, and 50 cm. The royal cubit artifacts provide a conversion bridge between the royal and the great systems. The information derived from the visual clues on the Amenemope cubit artifact are tested against a database of artifacts scattered in museums around the world. -
Summer Halachos Part 3
Volume 12 Issue 11 TOPIC Summer Halachos Part 3 SPONSORED BY: KOF-K KOSHER SUPERVISION Compiled by Rabbi Moishe Dovid Lebovits Reviewed by Rabbi Benzion Schiffenbauer Shlita Edited by: Rabbi Chanoch Levi HALACHICALLY SPEAKING Halachically Speaking is a Website Management and Emails: monthly publication compiled by Heshy Blaustein Rabbi Moishe Dovid Lebovits, a former chaver kollel of Yeshiva SPONSORED Torah Vodaath and a musmach of Harav Yisroel Belsky zt”l. Rabbi לזכר נשמת מורי ורבי Lebovits currently works as the הרה"ג רב חיים ישראל Rabbinical Administrator for ב"ר דוב זצ"ל בעלסקי the KOF-K Kosher Supervision. Dedicated in memory of Each issue reviews a different area of contemporary halacha ר' שלמה בן פנחס ע"ה with an emphasis on practical applications of the principles SPONSORED discussed. Significant time is spent ensuring the inclusion of לז"נ מרת רחל בת אליעזר ע"ה all relevant shittos on each topic, SPONSORED as well as the psak of Harav Yisroel Belsky, zt”l on current לעילוי נשמת .issues מרת בריינדל חנה ע"ה בת ר' חיים אריה יבלח"ט גערשטנער WHERE TO SEE HALACHICALLY SPEAKING Halachically Speaking is distributed to many shuls. It can be seen in Flatbush, Lakewood, Five Towns, Far Design by: Rockaway, and Queens, The Flatbush Jewish Journal, baltimorejewishlife.com, The SRULY PERL 845.694.7186 Jewish Home, chazaq.org, and frumtoronto.com. It is sent via email to subscribers across the world. SUBSCRIBE To sponsor an issue please call FOR FREE 718-744-4360 and view archives @ © Copyright 2016 www.thehalacha.com by Halachically Speaking Summer ח.( )ברכות Halachos Part 3 בלבד.. -
Which Cubit for Noah's Ark?
Papers Which cubit for Noah’s Ark? Tim Lovett Noah’s Ark is the earliest ship known to man. Amazingly, an accurate record of its dimensions has survived to this day, in Genesis 6:15. However, the Bible uses cubits, an ancient measure that may have been anywhere from 445 mm (17.5 in) to more than 609 mm (2 ft) long, depending on when and where it was used. The standard chronology places the Tower of Babel so soon after Noah’s Ark that they must have shared the same cubit. After the dispersion this cubit should have found its way into early structures and monuments. Today, when we look in the ancient Near East for the best clues, we find that the earliest major works in Egypt and Babylon used long cubits. Could this be the one that Noah used? The cubit Table 1 shows cubit lengths chosen by key creationist authors dealing with Noah’s Ark, all clearly driven by a he length of the Ark shall be three hundred conservative space argument. cubits, the breadth of it fifty cubits, and the ‘T In every case the ‘common’ cubit has been chosen, height of it thirty cubits’ (Genesis 6:15). How long is a cubit? The word comes from the despite clear evidence that it was the ‘royal’ cubit Latin cubitum1 which refers to the forearm. It was measured that dominated major building projects of the earliest from the elbow to the fingertip. This provides a foolproof civilizations, Noah’s immediate descendents. The dominant 4 method of gauging the size of Noah’s Ark—at least ap- primary source is the 1959 paper by R.B.Y. -
The History and Mathematics of Conversions
THE HISTORY AND MATHEMATICS OF CONVERSIONS BY JAMES D. NICKEL THE METRIC SYSTEM I f you live in the United States of America, you have to work with two systems of measure. These two sys- tems are called (1) British Imperial system of measure and (2) Metric system of measure. In the British sys- Item, with its long and storied history, there are many sub-systems where different bases are used. The pint- gallon system is base 8, the inches-foot system is base 12, the yard-foot system is base 3, the week-day system is base 7, the month-year system is base 12, the yard-mile system is base 1760, and the foot-mile system is base 5280. In contrast, the Metric system of measurement is, like most national currencies, decimalized (base 10). As we have already noted, it was developed in France in the late 18th century.1 Since the 1960s the International System of Units (SI) (Système International d'Unités in French, hence “SI”) has been the internationally recognized standard metric system. Metric units are widely used around the world for personal, commercial and scientific purposes. Of all the nations of the world (Date: early 21st century), only Liberia, Myanmar and the United States have not yet officially adopt- ed the Metric system. Metric units consist of a standard set of prefixes in multiples of 10 that may be used to derive larger and smaller units. Work- ing with these units is as easy as multiply- ing or dividing by 10 (or powers of 10). -
Shabbos - Simanim ףד ב – Daf 2
Shabbos - Simanim ףד ב – Daf 2 האצוה The melocho of .1 From the opening Mishna’s eight cases of passing an object between the ba’al habayis standing in his reshus hayachid (private domain) and the poor person standing in reshus harabim (public domain) we learn: a. One has only transgressed m’doraysa the melocho of hotza’ah (transferring) if he does the act of the object from its state of rest in one domain as well as the act of placing it down )הריע(ק lifting .in another domain ( החנה ) lest one come to do both החנה or קע י הר b. The Rabbis forbid one from doing one of the acts of elements of the transfer. (Bringing in) כה הסנ .2 כה נ הס taking out) also refers to) האצוה Rav Ashi teaches that the Mishna’s usage of the term . האצוה bringing in), since the Mishna includes cases of bringing in as examples of) The Gemara further clarifies that the Tanna refers to any removal of an object from its place as an act of “taking out.” 3. Domains transfers) in the Mishna he is referring to) תואיצי Rava said the when the Tanna uses the word domains. Therefore, the Mishna is understood to mean that there are two domains where one is prohibited to commit four acts of transferring. Siman – House The strange house, where the owner kept passing objects back and forth to a poor person standing outside, featured an exit sign over the entrance and a door mat that said Welcome to the Home of Two Domains. -
5770 Volume XVII Number 37
Beha’alotcha 5770 Volume XVII Number 37 Toras Aish Thoughts From Across the Torah Spectrum case concerning a member of London's Jewish RABBI MORDECHAI KAMENETZKY community. Before testifying the presiding magistrate Man and Humbleman asked the Rabbi some questions regarding his own qualifications. According to the legend, the questions n this week's Parshas B'halosecha, the Torah tells went something like this: "Is it true that you have the story of Miriam speaking what is termed as mastered the Talmud?" Rabbi Abramsky affirmed. ILashon HoRah (gossip) about her brother Moshe. "What other Jewish tomes are you familiar Moshe was ordained to receive Hashem's direct word at with?" asked the judge. Rabbi Abramsky went on to list any given moment. Moshe correlated the command about a score of works from the Jerusalem Talmud, given to the Children of Israel before the Divine Midrash to the entire Shulchan Aruch and its revelation at Sinai to separate from woman, and applied commentaries. The judge then asked, "How proficient it to his situation. Moshe, as the man of G-d, readied are you in these areas?" himself to be in a constant state of preparedness for the "I know them by heart," replied the rabbi. Divine Word. Thus, once he was ordained by hashem The judge was taken aback. "Rabbi," he asked, to be the spontaneous recipient of the Divine word, he "in your religion and in your position is there no room for separated from his wife as an extra measure of sanctity. humility?" But Miriam felt that this self-initiated measure of "Of course there is, your honor," rejoined the sanctity was uncalled for, thus. -
The Textiles Traded by the Assyrians in Anatolia (19Th-18Th Centuries BC) Cécile Michel, Veenhof Klaas
The Textiles traded by the Assyrians in Anatolia (19th-18th Centuries BC) Cécile Michel, Veenhof Klaas To cite this version: Cécile Michel, Veenhof Klaas. The Textiles traded by the Assyrians in Anatolia (19th-18th Centuries BC). Textile Terminologies in the Ancient Near East and Mediterranean from the Third to the First millennia BC, Oxbow Books, pp.209-269, 2010, Ancient Textiles Series, Textile Terminologies in the Ancient Near East and Mediterranean from the Third to the First millennia BC. halshs-01186436 HAL Id: halshs-01186436 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01186436 Submitted on 26 Aug 2015 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. An offprint from TEXtiLE TERMinoLOGIES in THE ANCIEnt NEAR EAST AND MEDitERRANEAN FROM THE THIRD to THE FiRST MiLLEnniA BC edited by C. Michel and M.-L. Nosch ANCIENT TEXTILES SERIES VOL. 8 © Oxbow Books ISBN 978-1-84217-975-8 Contents Acknowledgements and research frameworks for the investigation of textile terminologies in the 3rd and 2nd millennia BC ................................................................................................................. -
2015 CMTL Anthology
2015 CMTL Anthology Table of Contents (Note: unless stated otherwise, all works are by Rabbi Aryeh Klapper, published on CMTL’s Blog: moderntoraleadership.wordpress.com) Rabbis, Rabbinic Rule, Authority When Majority Rule Breaks Down………………………………………………………………………………………………………….4 Teaching Rabbis Rabbinic Ethics……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..6 Leadership in a Time of Possibly Radical Change……………………………………………………………………………………9 And the Number One MO Meme Is.... …………………………………………………………………………………………………11 Audio from Panel on Rabbinic Authority over Rabbinic Law with Rabbi Aryeh Klapper, Rabbi Jeremy Wieder and Rabbi Ezra Schwartz Video from Panel on When Can You Pasken for Yourself with Rabbi Aryeh Klapper and Rabbi Dov Linzer Video from Panel on Is There Such a Thing as Modern Orthodox Psak with Rabbi Aryeh Klapper and Rabbi Dov Linzer Gender and Marriage The International Beit Din Controversy: A Statement and a Proposal (Jewish Link of NJ, October 15, 2015) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………………………………………..14 A Note on Values, Law and Gender Polemics in Modern Orthodoxy……………………………………………………17 Chok, Mishpat and Obgerfell………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..18 Do Halakhic Husbands Own their Wives? …………………………………………………………………………………………….21 Halakhah and Modernity Restoring Challenging Halakhah……………………………………………………………………………………………………………23 Science, Halakhah and the Halakhist's Dilemma…………………………………………………………………………………..26 Keeping Heretics Safe and Out of Pits…………………………………………………………………………………………………..29 Uniformity and Diversity in Halakah…………………………………………………………………………………………………….32