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Índices De Caminhabilidade Urbana

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Índices De Caminhabilidade Urbana ÍNDICES DE CAMINHABILIDADE URBANA Aplicação do projeto IAAPE ao planeamento urbano André Filipe Tomás Ferreira Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Civil Orientador: Prof. Doutor Filipe Manuel Mercier Vilaça e Moura Orientadora: Prof.a Ana dos Santos Morais de Sá Júri Presidente: Prof. Doutor João Torres de Quinhones Levy Orientadora: Prof.a Ana dos Santos Morais de Sá Vogal: Prof. Doutor Jorge Manuel Lopes Baptista e Silva Junho de 2017 ÍNDICES DE CAMINHABILIDADE URBANA: Aplicação do projeto IAAPE ao planeamento urbano 73260 – André Filipe Tomás Ferreira RESUMO E PALAVRAS-CHAVE O intenso processo de urbanização ocorrido nos últimos anos tem tido repercussões importantes no comportamento das pessoas, nomeadamente nas suas deslocações pedonais. Nos últimos anos o tema dos modos ativos de deslocação, em especial o modo pedonal, tem assumido um papel cada vez mais importante devido aos inúmeros benefícios que estes trazem para a saúde pública, para o ambiente, para a cidade, entre outros, tendo sido alvo de diversos estudos. Contudo a caminhabilidade tem sido essencialmente abordada no ambiente já construído, não havendo estudos realizados nos processos de planeamento urbano em relação a esta temática, em Portugal. Esta dissertação utiliza uma metodologia proposta pelo projeto IAAPE (Indicadores de Acessibilidade e Atratividade PEdonal) para realizar uma avaliação da caminhabilidade na Cidade Universitária, em Lisboa. Numa primeira fase avaliou-se a situação atual, a partir da qual foi possível concluir que a Cidade Universitária devido à sua especificidade de usos é acessível, mas pouco atrativa. Numa segunda fase, avaliaram-se as propostas incluídas no Plano de Pormenor para a Cidade Universitária (ainda em fase de elaboração) o que permitiu concluir que o Plano traria melhorias significativas na questão da caminhabilidade, em especial da atratividade da zona. Baseado no estudo comparativo entre a situação atual e a situação proposta pelo Plano de Pormenor na zona de estudo, esta dissertação pretende contribuir para a implementação de um índice de caminhabilidade a incluir no processo de elaboração dos instrumentos de gestão territorial de âmbito municipal, sugerindo valores que seriam desejáveis alcançar. Palavras-chave: Caminhabilidade; Planeamento urbano; Cidade Universitária de Lisboa. i ÍNDICES DE CAMINHABILIDADE URBANA: Aplicação do projeto IAAPE ao planeamento urbano 73260 – André Filipe Tomás Ferreira ii ÍNDICES DE CAMINHABILIDADE URBANA: Aplicação do projeto IAAPE ao planeamento urbano 73260 – André Filipe Tomás Ferreira ABSTRACT AND KEYWORDS The intense process of urbanization that occurred in the last few years has had major repercussions on people's behaviour, mostly among the pedestrians. In recent years, the topic of active travel modes, in particular walking, has assumed an increasingly important role and has been the subject of several studies, due to the numerous benefits brought to public health, to the environment, to the city, among others. However, walkability has essentially been addressed in the environment already built. As in the case of Portugal, studies in relation to this matter are rarely carried out along the urban planning process. This dissertation uses a methodology proposed by the IAAPE (Indicadores de Acessibilidade e Atratividade PEdonal) research project to carry out an evaluation of the walkability in Cidade Universitária neighbourhood, in Lisbon. In the first phase, we assessed the current situation, from which it was possible to conclude that the University Campus due to its specificity of uses is accessible, but not attractive. In a second phase, the proposals included in the Detailed Plan for the Cidade Universitária (still under preparation) were evaluated under the same methodology and it was possible to conclude that the plan would bring significant improvements in the matter of walkability, especially, on the attractiveness of the area. Based on the comparative study between the current situation and the situation proposed by the detail plan that covers the area of study, this dissertation aims for the implementation of a walkability index to be included in municipal land-use plans, suggesting the values that would be desirable to achieve. KeyWords: Walkability; Urban Planning; Cidade Universitária, Lisbon. iii ÍNDICES DE CAMINHABILIDADE URBANA: Aplicação do projeto IAAPE ao planeamento urbano 73260 – André Filipe Tomás Ferreira iv ÍNDICES DE CAMINHABILIDADE URBANA: Aplicação do projeto IAAPE ao planeamento urbano 73260 – André Filipe Tomás Ferreira AGRADECIMENTOS Em primeiro lugar, agradeço ao professor Filipe Moura, meu orientador e à professora Ana Morais de Sá, minha co-orientadora, pela oportunidade de desenvolver este tema e por todo o apoio e orientação prestados ao longo da elaboração desta dissertação. Agradeço de igual modo ao doutorando Paulo Cambra pelo apoio e informações que me facultou para a elaboração desta dissertação e a toda a equipa que realizou o plano de pormenor para a Cidade Universitária em Lisboa, sobre a coordenação do Prof. José Álvaro Antunes Ferreira, por toda a disponibilidade e interesse demonstrado. Aos meus familiares que sempre me apoiaram e incentivaram durante estes anos e na elaboração desta dissertação, em especial aos meus pais, José Paulo e Maria da Graça e ao meu irmão, Gonçalo, bases da minha vida, e sem os quais não era possível chegar onde estou neste momento. A todos os meus colegas e amigos que me acompanharam ao longo deste percurso académico e em particular neste trabalho. v ÍNDICES DE CAMINHABILIDADE URBANA: Aplicação do projeto IAAPE ao planeamento urbano 73260 – André Filipe Tomás Ferreira vi ÍNDICES DE CAMINHABILIDADE URBANA: Aplicação do projeto IAAPE ao planeamento urbano 73260 – André Filipe Tomás Ferreira ÍNDICE RESUMO E PALAVRAS-CHAVE ..............................................................................................................i ABSTRACT AND KEYWORDS ............................................................................................................... iii AGRADECIMENTOS ...............................................................................................................................v ÍNDICE .................................................................................................................................................... vii ÍNDICE DE FIGURAS ............................................................................................................................. ix ÍNDICE DE QUADROS ........................................................................................................................... xi 1. INTRODUÇÃO ................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1. Enquadramento ....................................................................................................................... 1 1.2. Objetivos .................................................................................................................................. 1 1.3. Organização do trabalho ......................................................................................................... 2 2. REVISÃO DA LITERATURA ........................................................................................................... 3 2.1. Caminhabilidade ...................................................................................................................... 3 2.2. Planeamento urbano ............................................................................................................... 5 2.3. Caminhabilidade no planeamento urbano ............................................................................... 8 3. METODOLOGIA ............................................................................................................................ 12 3.1. Introdução .............................................................................................................................. 12 3.2. Modelo IAAPE ....................................................................................................................... 12 3.3. Implementação do modelo IAAPE ........................................................................................ 17 3.3.1. Vectorização da rede pedonal ....................................................................................... 17 3.3.2. Avaliação da caminhabilidade segundo o modelo IAAPE ............................................ 20 3.4. Condições “ótimas” de caminhabilidade segundo o IAAPE .................................................. 33 4. CASO DE ESTUDO ....................................................................................................................... 34 4.1. Descrição e caracterização da zona de estudo .................................................................... 34 4.2. Problemas identificados na zona de estudo .......................................................................... 38 5. DISCUSSÃO E APRESENTAÇÃO DOS RESULTADOS ............................................................. 39 5.1. Diagnóstico da situação atual................................................................................................ 39 5.1.1. Vectorização da rede pedonal ....................................................................................... 39 5.1.2. Auditoria da rede pedonal ............................................................................................
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