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Doing Business in Georgia: 2015 Country Commercial Guide for U.S
Doing Business in Georgia: 2015 Country Commercial Guide for U.S. Companies INTERNATIONAL COPYRIGHT, U.S. & FOREIGN COMMERCIAL SERVICE AND U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, 2010. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED OUTSIDE OF THE UNITED STATES. • Chapter 1: Doing Business In Georgia • Chapter 2: Political and Economic Environment • Chapter 3: Selling U.S. Products and Services • Chapter 4: Leading Sectors for U.S. Export and Investment • Chapter 5: Trade Regulations, Customs and Standards • Chapter 6: Investment Climate • Chapter 7: Trade and Project Financing • Chapter 8: Business Travel • Chapter 9: Contacts, Market Research and Trade Events • Chapter 10: Guide to Our Services Chapter 1: Doing Business in Georgia • Market Overview • Market Challenges • Market Opportunities • Market Entry Strategy Market Overview Return to top Market Overview Georgia is a small transitional market economy of 3.7 million people with a per capita GDP of $3,681 (2014). Georgia is located at the crossroads between Europe and Central Asia and has experienced economic growth over the past twelve years. In June 2014, Georgia signed an Association Agreement (AA) and Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area (DCFTA) with the European Union. Through reduced tariffs and the removal of technical barriers to entry, the DCFTA gives Georgian products access to over 500 million people in the EU. Reciprocally, products from the EU now enjoy easier access to the Georgian market. Following the launch of the U.S.-Georgia Strategic Partnership Commission (SPC) in 2009, the U.S. Department of State holds regular meetings with its Georgian counterparts across various working groups. One of these dialogues is the Economic, Energy, and Trade Working Group which aims to coordinate Georgia’s strategy for development in these areas and to explore ways to expand bilateral economic cooperation. -
Report, on Municipal Solid Waste Management in Georgia, 2012
R E P O R T On Municipal Solid Waste Management in Georgia 2012 1 1 . INTRODUCTION 1.1. FOREWORD Wastes are one of the greatest environmental chal- The Report reviews the situation existing in the lenges in Georgia. This applies both to hazardous and do- field of municipal solid waste management in Georgia. mestic wastes. Wastes are disposed in the open air, which It reflects problems and weak points related to munic- creates hazard to human’s health and environment. ipal solid waste management as related to regions in Waste represents a residue of raw materials, semi- the field of collection, transportation, disposal, and re- manufactured articles, other goods or products generat- cycling. The Report also reviews payments/taxes re- ed as a result of the process of economic and domestic lated to the waste in the country and, finally, presents activities as well as consumption of different products. certain recommendations for the improvement of the As for waste management, it generally means distribu- noted field. tion of waste in time and identification of final point of destination. It’s main purpose is reduction of negative impact of waste on environment, human health, or es- 1.2. Modern Approaches to Waste thetic condition. In other words, sustainable waste man- Management agement is a certain practice of resource recovery and reuse, which aims to the reduction of use of natural re- The different waste management practices are ap- sources. The concept of “waste management” includes plied to different geographical or geo-political locations. the whole cycle from the generation of waste to its final It is directly proportional to the level of economic de- disposal. -
The “Humanitarian Dimension” of Russian Foreign Policy TOWARD GEORGIA, Moldova, Ukraine, and the Baltic States
THe “HUMANITARIAN DIMENSION” OF RUSSIAN FOREIGN POLICY TOWARD GEORGIA, MOLDOVA, UKRAINE, AND THE BALTIC StATES The 2nd, supplementary edition Riga, 2010 EDK: 327(470) The 2nd, supplementary edition Hu 451 This book is work of six think tanks from Baltic States, Ukraine, Moldova and Georgia. Centre for East European Policy Studies (Latvia) had a leading role in the im- plementation of this research project. Contributors include the International Centre for Defence Studies (Estonia), the Centre for Geopolitical Studies (Lithuania), the School for Policy Analysis at the National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy (Ukraine), the Foreign Policy Association of Moldova (Moldova), and the International Centre for Geopolitical Studies (Georgia). The research project was implemented with the support of the Konrad Ad- enauer Foundation and of the East - East: Partnership Beyond Borders Program of the Soros Foundation – Latvia. Editor: Gatis Pelnēns Project Director: Andis Kudors Authors of the study: Juhan Kivirähk, Nerijus Maliukevičius, Dmytro Kon- dratenko, Olexandr Yeremeev, Radu Vrabie, Nana Devdariani, Mariam Tsatsanash- vili, Nato Bachiashvili, Tengiz Pkhaladze, Gatis Pelnēns, Andis Kudors, Mārtiņš Pa- parinskis, Ainārs Dimants, Ainārs Lerhis. English translation editor: Rihards Kalniņš Design of the cover and layout: Toms Deģis © Authors of the study (text), 2010 © Centre for East European Policy Studies, International Centre for Defence Studies, Centre for Geopolitical Studies, School for Policy Analysis at the National university of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy, Foreign Policy Association of Moldova, Interna- tional Centre for Geopolitical Studies, 2010 © SIA Apgāds Mantojums (design concept), 2010 ISBN: 978-9984-39-989-8 TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface to Second Edition . 8 4.4.2. Russian Support of Compatriots Living in Lithuania . -
Map Sub-Title
Vegetable Seeds and FertilizersM Distributionap Sub-T init Shidale Kartli Region - May 2009 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations GEORGIA - MAP TITLE - Emergency Rehabilitation Coordination Unit Da(OSRO/GEO/803/ITA)te (dd mmm yyyy) GEORGIA ! Tsia!ra ! !Klarsi Klarsi Andaisi Kintsia ! ! ! Zalda ! RUSSIAN FEDERATION Mipareti ! Maraleti ! Sveri ! ! ! Tskaltsminda Sheleuri !Saboloke !Gvria Marmazeti Eltura ! ! !Kemerti ! Didkhevi Black Sea ! Ortevi ! GEORGIA Tbilisi Kekhvi Tliakana ! ! \ ! Dzartsemi Guchmasta ! ! Marmazeti Khoshuri ! Satskheneti ! ! ! ! Beloti Jojiani Khaduriantkari ! Zemo Zoknari Rustavi ! ! Kurta Snekvi AZERBAIJAN ! Vaneti ! Chachinagi Dzari Zemo Monasteri ! TURKEY ! ! ! Kvemo Zoknari Mamita ! ARMENIA Brili ! ! Brili Zemo Kornisi ! Zemo Tsorbisi ! ! Mebrune ! !Zemo Achabeti ! ! Dmenisi Snekvi Kokhati ! ! Zemo Dodoti Dampaleti Zemo Sarabuk!i Tsorbisi ! ! ! ! Charebi Kvemo Achabeti ! Vakhtana ! Kheiti ! Kverneti ! Didi Tsitskhiata! Patara TsikhiataBekmeri Kvemo Dodoti ! ! ! ! Satakhari ! Legend Bekmari Zemo Ambreti Didi Tsikhiata ! ! !Dmenisi ! Kvasatal!i Naniauri ! ! Eredvi ! Lisa Zemo Ambreti SS OO UU TT HH OO SS SS EE TT II AA ! ! ! Ksuisi assisted Khodabula ! Number of Households !Mukhauri ! !Nagutni Zardiantkari ! Berula ! !Kusireti !Malda !Tibilaani !Argvitsi Teregvani !Galaunta ! !Khelchua Zem! o Prisi Zemo D!zagina Kvemo Nanadakevi ! Disevi ! ! Pichvigvina Zemo Dzagvina ! ! 01 - 250 ! ! Kroz! a Akhalsheni ! Tbeti Arbo ! 251 - 500 ! Arkneti ! Tamarasheni ! Mereti Kulbiti Sadjvare ! ! ! Koshka Beridjvari -
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! GEORGIA: Newly installed cattle water troughs in Shida Kartli region ! ! Geri ! !Tsiara Klarsi ! Klarsi Andaisi Kintsia ! ! ! Zalda RUSSIAN FEDERATION ! !Mipareti Maraleti Sveri ! I ! Tskaltsminda ! Sheleuri ! Saboloke V ! H Gvria K ! A AG Marmazeti Eltura I M Didkhevi ! ! L Kemerti ! O ! A SA Didkhevi V ! Ortevi R L ! A E Kekhvi Tliakana T Black Sea T'bilisi ! Dzartsemi ! Guchmasta A T ! ! Marmazeti Khoshuri ! ! ! P ! Beloti F ! Tsilori Satskheneti Atsriskhevi ! !\ R Jojiani ! ! ! O Rustavi ! Zemo Zoknari ! N Kurta Snekvi Chachinagi Dzari Zemo Monasteri ! Vaneti ! ! ! ! ! Kvemo Zoknari E Brili Mamita ! ! ! Isroliskhevi AZERBAIJAN !Kvemo Monasteri ! !Brili Zemo Tsorbisi !Zemo Kornisi ! ARMENIA ! Mebrune Zemo Achabeti Kornisi ! ! ! ! Snekvi ! Zemo Dodoti Dampaleti Zemo SarabukiKokhat!i ! Tsorbisi ! ! ! ! TURKEY ! Charebi ! Akhalisa Vakhtana ! Kheiti Benderi ! ! Kverneti ! ! Zemo Vilda P! atara TsikhiataBekmeri Kvemo Dodoti ! NA ! ! ! ! Satakhari REB ULA ! Bekmari Zemo Ambreti Kverne!ti ! Sabatsminda Kvemo Vilda Didi Tsikhiata! ! ! Dmenisi ! ! Kvasatali!Grubela Grubela ! ! ! ! Eredvi ! !Lisa Tormanauli ! ! Ksuisi Legend Khodabula ! Zemo Ambreti ! ! ! ! Berula !Zardiantkari Kusireti ! ! Chaliasubani Malda Tibilaani Arkinareti ! Elevation ! ! Argvitsi ! Teregvani ! Galaunta ! Khelchua ! Zemo Prisi ! ! ! Pirsi Kvemo Nanadakevi Tbeti ! Disevi ! ! ! ! Water trough location m ! ! Zemo Mokhisi ! ! ! Kroza Tbeti Arbo ! !Akhalsheni Arkneti ! Tamarasheni ! ! Mereti ! Sadjvare ! ! ! K ! Khodi Beridjvari Koshka ! -27 - 0 Chrdileti Tskhinvali ! ! -
Russia's Kosovo: a Critical Geopolitics of the August 2008 War Over South
Toal.fm Page 670 Monday, December 22, 2008 10:20 AM Russia’s Kosovo: A Critical Geopolitics of the August 2008 War over South Ossetia Gearóid Ó Tuathail (Gerard Toal)1 Abstract: A noted political geographer presents an analysis of the August 2008 South Ossetian war. He analyzes the conflict from a critical geopolitical perspective sensitive to the importance of localized context and agency in world affairs and to the limitations of state- centric logics in capturing the connectivities, flows, and attachments that transcend state bor- ders and characterize specific locations. The paper traces the historical antecedents to the August 2008 conflict and identifies major factors that led to it, including legacies of past vio- lence, the Georgian president’s aggressive style of leadership, and renewed Russian “great power” aspirations under Putin. The Kosovo case created normative precedents available for opportunistic localization. The author then focuses on the events of August 2008 and the competing storylines promoted by the Georgian and Russian governments. Journal of Eco- nomic Literature, Classification Numbers: H10, I31, O18, P30. 7 figures, 2 tables, 137 refer- ences. Key words: South Ossetia, Georgia, Russia, North Ossetia, Abkhazia, genocide, ethnic cleansing, Kosovo, Tskhinvali, Saakashvili, Putin, Medvedev, Vladikavkaz, oil and gas pipe- lines, refugees, internally displaced persons, Kosovo precedent. he brief war between Georgian government forces and those of the Russian Federation Tin the second week of August 2008 was the largest outbreak of fighting in Europe since the Kosovo war in 1999. Hundreds died in the shelling and fighting, which left close to 200,000 people displaced from their homes (UNHCR, 2008b). -
Georgian-South Ossetian Conflict: Researching Peace
Georgian-South Ossetian Conflict: Researching Peace Collection of South Ossetian Papers 2011 The preparation and publication of this work was made possible thanks to support from a variety of organizations and funds, including the Peacebuilding fund at George Mason University. Assistance with translation was provided by: Phil Gamaghelyan, Manana Gnolidze-Swanson, Olga Guschina, Dina Konysheva, and Nina Selwan. Project Coordinator: Kosta Dzugaev Editor: Susan Allen Nan Design: Artem Melik-Nubarov Copies printed: 250 © School for Conflict Analysis and Resolution, George Mason University; Center for Information Technology: Intellectual Resources. C O N T E N T S INTRODUCTION Susan Allen Nan ... .. 4 FOREWORD TO THE SOUTH OSSETIAN COLLECTION Kosta Dzugaev ... 5 ECONOMIC REHABILITATION OF SOUTH OSSETIA: CURRENT PROBLEMS AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY Batradz Kharebov ... 6 SOME ASPECTS OF SOLVING THE PROBLEMS OF REFUGEES AND INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS IN LIGHT OF GEORGIAN-OSSETIAN RELATIONS Merab Chigoev .... 33 LENINGOR REGION: ITS POLITICAL PECULIARITY, DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS, ECONOMY, AND BOUNDARY PROBLEMS Maria Kotaeva 52 INTRODUCTION The two sets of papers presented here were once simply an idea that seemed perhaps crazy. Without an introduction, the reader may find this volume schizophrenic. Holding the book in one direction, the reader will find three articles by Georgian researchers. Holding the book in another direction, the reader will find three articles by South Ossetian researchers. To read the other perspective, the reader must -
Causes of War Prospects for Peace
Georgian Orthodox Church Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung CAUSES OF WAR PROS P E C TS FOR PEA C E Tbilisi, 2009 1 On December 2-3, 2008 the Holy Synod of the Georgian Orthodox Church and the Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung held a scientific conference on the theme: Causes of War - Prospects for Peace. The main purpose of the conference was to show the essence of the existing conflicts in Georgia and to prepare objective scientific and information basis. This book is a collection of conference reports and discussion materials that on the request of the editorial board has been presented in article format. Publishers: Metropolitan Ananya Japaridze Katia Christina Plate Bidzina Lebanidze Nato Asatiani Editorial board: Archimandrite Adam (Akhaladze), Tamaz Beradze, Rozeta Gujejiani, Roland Topchishvili, Mariam Lordkipanidze, Lela Margiani, Tariel Putkaradze, Bezhan Khorava Reviewers: Zurab Tvalchrelidze Revaz Sherozia Giorgi Cheishvili Otar Janelidze Editorial board wishes to acknowledge the assistance of Irina Bibileishvili, Merab Gvazava, Nia Gogokhia, Ekaterine Dadiani, Zviad Kvilitaia, Giorgi Cheishvili, Kakhaber Tsulaia. ISBN 2345632456 Printed by CGS ltd 2 Preface by His Holiness and Beatitude Catholicos-Patriarch of All Georgia ILIA II; Opening Words to the Conference 5 Preface by Katja Christina Plate, Head of the Regional Office for Political Dialogue in the South Caucasus of the Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung; Opening Words to the Conference 8 Abkhazia: Historical-Political and Ethnic Processes Tamaz Beradze, Konstantine Topuria, Bezhan Khorava - A -
Land, Community, and the State in the North Caucasus: Kabardino-Balkaria, 1763-1991
Land, Community, and the State in the North Caucasus: Kabardino-Balkaria, 1763-1991 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Ian Thomas Lanzillotti Graduate Program in History The Ohio State University 2014 Dissertation Committee: Professor Nicholas Breyfogle, Advisor Professor Theodora Dragostinova Professor David Hoffmann Professor Scott Levi Copyright by Ian Thomas Lanzillotti 2014 Abstract The Caucasus mountain region in southern Russia has witnessed many of post- Soviet Eurasia’s most violent inter-communal conflicts. From Abkhazia to Chechnya, the region fractured ferociously and neighboring communities took up arms against each other in the name of ethnicity and religion. In the midst of some of the worst conflict in Europe since 1945, the semiautonomous, multiethnic Kabardino-Balkar Republic in the North Caucasus remained a relative oasis of peace. This is not to say there were no tensions—there is no love lost between Kabardians, Balkars, and Russians, Kabardino- Balkaria’s principal communities. But, why did these communities, despite the agitation of ethno-political entrepreneurs, not resort to force to solve their grievances, while many neighboring ones did? What institutions and practices have facilitated this peace? What role have state officials and state structures played in, on the one hand, producing inter- communal conflict, and, on the other hand, mediating and defusing such conflict? And why has land played such a crucial rule in inter-communal relations in the region over the longue durée? More than enhancing our knowledge of a poorly-understood yet strategically important region, the questions I ask of Kabardino-Balkaria are windows on larger issues of enduring global relevance. -
Georgian Wine Infographics
SHIDA KARTLI WINE MAP G E O R GIA vazis gavrcelebis areali Abkhazia Winegrowing Centre Svaneti H mevenaxeoba - meRvineobis kera Racha-Lechkhumi ** White Sparkling Wine Kvemo Svaneti TeTri cqriala Rvino Tskhinvali Samegrelo Mtskheta ! Region Mtianeti South Ossetia KUTAISI ! Imereti Guria Shida Kartli TELAVI Kakheti BATUMI Ajara Samtskhe ! TBILISI Javakheti Kvemo ! R! ! kartli R! ! ! ! Kvemo roka ! ! Edisa ! ! Kvaisa ! ! ! Vaneli ! o !Kemulta 0 5 10 20 ! ! KM R!JAVA ! R! Tskhinvali Region Kekhvi ! ! Kurta Vakhtana ! Largvisi ! ! ! TSKHINVALI !(Eredvi !H ! Gdu Mereti ! KORNISI Avnevi R! ! Korinta ! Tkviavi Kanchaveti ! ! Mejvriskhevi Shindisi !( ! Akhalgori !Dirbi !( Ali !Abisi Bershueti ! Breti ! ! Variani !( Karaleti ! ! Zeghduleti Agara ! Sakorintlo ! Kheltubani !( !( Surami Gomi Ruisi ! !( ! KARELI ! Kvemo Chala! R! Lamiskana ! !( !( KHASHURI Zemo Samtavisi Kvishkheti R! Khvedureti GORI Tezi !( ! !H !( !( Zghuderi Khidistavi Okami ! Kvakhvreli !( !( ! ! ! Gverdzineti Ateni !( Doesi KASPI ! Shida Kartli ! Metekhi R! !( ma ! Dza ** Kvemo Khovle Tana ! !( !( Boshuri Akhalkalaki Tkemlovana ! Kavtiskhevi ! ! ATENI PROTECTED DESIGNATION OF ORIGIN ! ! ! MAJOR GRAP! ES OF SHIDA KARTLI yvelaze gavrcelebuli vazis jiSebi ! White: Chinuri, Goruli Mtsvane, Budeshuri Tetri TeTri: Cinuri, goruli mwvane, budeSuri TeTri Red: Tavkveri wiTeli: Tavkveri White: Chinuri, Goruli Mtsvane, Rkatsiteli TeTri: Cinuri, goruli mwvane, rqawiTeli Red: Tavkveri, Shavkapito wiTeli: Tavkveri, Savkapito sxva jiSebi White: Jvari, Gorula, Melikuda, Kishura, Shaba TeTri: jvari, gorula, melikuda, qiSuri, Saba Red: Buza, Danakharuli, Chrogha Kartlis, Ghrubela Kartlis, Kharistvala Kartlis wiTeli: buza, danaxaruli, WroRa qarTlis, Rrubela qarTlis, xarisTvala qarTlis Authors: Zaza Gagua, Paata Dvaladze, Malkhaz Kharbedia Design: Paata Dvaladze Author of Project: Malkhaz Kharbedia © Georgian Wine Club © GEORGIAN WINE INFOGRAPHICS. -
Newsletter No 29 2019
Keston Newsletter No. 29, 2019 Photograph of a desecrated and vandalised church from Religion in Communist Lands, vol.16 no.3, Autumn 1988, taken to mark the Millennium of the Baptism of Kievan Rus’. In this issue: Keston at 50 ............................................ p.3 Diplomacy and Religion ......................... p.7 South Ossetia ........................................ p.11 Atheist Archives .................................... p.18 Keston Newsletter No 29, 2019 Bonhoeffer’s Legacy ............................. 1 p.26 Trials in Crimea ................................... p.37 Mavis Perris Remembered .................... p.44 50 Years The Editor of the Keston Newsletter that there were many millions of people writes: who did have faith and who were still This year Keston College celebrates its suffering for it, many years after the anti- fiftieth anniversary. Founded in response religious campaigns of the Soviet Union to a real and pressing need - “Be Our had lost some of their virulence. Voice” - for repressed believers of all faiths, suffering under Khrushchev’s attempt to In this issue of the Newsletter our wipe out religion in the secular Soviet President, Michael Bourdeaux, illustrates Union, it has collected evidence and this in his recollections of the many reported on the fate of believers not just in inspiring figures of the Russian Orthodox the Soviet Union, but also in Eastern Church and other churches he met during Europe and China. Its journal, Religion in his work. Approaching the subject from a Communist Lands, was for many years the different angle, Roland Smith principal vehicle for reporting in depth and demonstrates why diplomats should not for making known cruelties and injustices ignore religion. There follow two historical that would otherwise have passed pieces, on Soviet anti-religious propaganda unnoticed in the rest of the world. -
GEORGIA: Ethnic Cleansing of Ossetians 1989-1992
Regional Non-Governmental Organisation for the protection and development of national culture and identity of the people of the Republic of North Ossetia and the Republic of South Ossetia «VOZROZHDENIE» - «SANDIDZAN» Profsoyuznaya str., 75-3-174, 117342, Moscow, Russia теl.: +7 (495) 642-3553, e-mail: [email protected] , www.sandidzan.org СОВЕЩАНИЕ 2011 ГОДА ПО ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСКОМУ ИЗМЕРЕНИЮ В ВАРШАВЕ РАБОЧЕЕ ЗАСЕДАНИЕ 11 Беженцы и перемещенные лица. GEORGIA: Ethnic Cleansing of Ossetians 1989-1992 Inga Kochieva, Alexi Margiev First published in Russia in 2005 by Europe Publishing House as GEORGIA: Ethnic Cleansing of Ossetians ISBN: 5-9739-0030-4 Table of Contents [Main Text] ................................................................................................................... 1 Geographical Index ................................................................................................... 74 Toponymical Reference Table for South Ossetia ...................................................... 78 Introduction As a result of the armed conflict between Georgia and South Ossetia in 1989-1992, a huge part of the Ossetian population in South Ossetia and in Georgia, became refugees, or forcibly displaced people. Significant numbers were forced to resettle in North Ossetia, while the remainder dispersed in Tskhinval and the Ossetian villages of South Ossetia. Since then a plethora of government agencies and non-governmental organisations have wrestled with the refugee problem, but what they have achieved is incommensurate with the