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Human Skeletal Anatomy Text © the Mcgraw−Hill Atlas of Anatomy and Companies, 2001 Physiology, Third Edition CHAPTER 2 Eder, et al.: Laboratory 2. Human Skeletal Anatomy Text © The McGraw−Hill Atlas of Anatomy and Companies, 2001 Physiology, Third Edition CHAPTER 2 Human Skeletal Anatomy Detail of Compact Bone 45 Eder, et al.: Laboratory 2. Human Skeletal Anatomy Text © The McGraw−Hill Atlas of Anatomy and Companies, 2001 Physiology, Third Edition 46 CHAPTER 2 Figure 2-1 Skull: Face BONE 1. Frontal 2. Inferior concha 3. Lacrimal 4. Nasal 5. Parietal 1 5 6. Sphenoid 7. Temporal 8. Vomer 12 9. Zygomatic (malar) 19. Maxilla 23 FORAMINA 11 4 6 10. Orbital fissure 7 11. Optic 10 6 12. Supraorbital 3 13. Infraorbital 14. Lacrimal 14 18 9 15. Mental PROCESSES 20 2 13 21 16. Mandibular alveolus 8 17. Maxillary alveolus 19 18. Perpendicular plate of ethmoid 24 20. Temporal process of malar 17 21. Zygomatic process of 22 maxilla 22. Mandibular ramus 23. Frontal notch 24. Anterior nasal spine 16 15 Eder, et al.: Laboratory 2. Human Skeletal Anatomy Text © The McGraw−Hill Atlas of Anatomy and Companies, 2001 Physiology, Third Edition Human Skeletal Anatomy 47 12 1 15 16 14 32 8 2 5 7 11 9 17 23 31 30 10 19 4 13 24 18 27 6 33 28 26 21 22 29 3 20 25 Figure 2-2 Skull: View from Right Side BONE SUTURES 24. External auditory meatus 1. Frontal 12. Coronal 25. Mental foramen 2. Lacrimal 13. Lambdoidal 2. Lacrimal foramen 3. Mandible 14. Squamosal 20. Mandibular angle 4. Maxilla 15. Sagittal 26. Foramen magnum 5. Nasal 16. Frontozygomatic 27. Anterior nasal spine 6. Occipital 17. Temporozygomatic 28. Maxillary alveolus 7. Parietal 29. Mandibular alveolus 8. Sphenoid (greater wing) FORAMINA & PROCESSES 30. Zygomatic process of temporal 9. Temporal 18. Mandibular condyloid process bone 10. Wormian 19. Mandibular coronoid process 31. Temporal process of malar 11. Zygomatic (malar) 21. Mastoid process 32. Frontal process of malar 22. Styloid process 33. Mandibular notch 23. Zygomatic arch Eder, et al.: Laboratory 2. Human Skeletal Anatomy Text © The McGraw−Hill Atlas of Anatomy and Companies, 2001 Physiology, Third Edition 48 CHAPTER 2 Figure 2-3 Skull: Calvarium, Superior Aspect BONE SUTURES 1. Frontal 4. Coronal 2. Parietal 5. Occipital 3. Occipital 6. Sagittal 7. Bregma 8. Lambda 1 4 7 2 6 8 3 5 Figure 2-4 Skull: Floor of Cranium, Internal View 24 1 BONE 14. Internal auditory 1. Frontal meatus 15. Grooves for transverse 2. Occipital 18 23 3. Parietal and sigmoid sinuses 5 4. Temporal 16. Foramen spinosum 17 5. Ethmoid 6 6. Sphenoid PROCESSES 19 Incus 17. Cribriform plate of 9 8 10 21 Malleus not shown ethmoid 20 · 16 Stapes 18. Crista galli 12 11 19. Lesser wing of 14 4 FORAMINA sphenoid 22 7. Foramen magnum 20. Greater wing of 13 8. Foramen ovale sphenoid 9. Optic foramen 21. Sella turcica 15 10. Foramen rotundum 22. Petrous portion of 11. Foramen lacerum temporal bone 7 3 12. Carotid canal 23. Orbital plate of 15 2 13. Jugular fossa and frontal bone foramen 24. Frontal sinus 15 Eder, et al.: Laboratory 2. Human Skeletal Anatomy Text © The McGraw−Hill Atlas of Anatomy and Companies, 2001 Physiology, Third Edition Human Skeletal Anatomy 49 Figure 2-5 Skull: Base, Viewed from Below BONE PROCESSES 12 1. Maxilla (palatine process) 15. Occipital condyle 2. Occipital 16. Mastoid 1 6 3. Palatine 17. Styloid 3 13 4. Temporal 18. Medial and lateral 28 27 30 5. Vomer pterygoid processes 18 18 5 19 6. Zygomatic (malar) 19. Zygomatic arch 20. Superior nuchal line 23 29 FORAMINA 10 8 23. Occipitosphenoid suture 26 4 7. Foramen magnum 24. External occipital 22 2 9 21 17 8. Foramen ovale protruberance 15 14 11 9. Carotid canal 25. Occipitotemporal suture 16 10. Foramen spinosum 26. Mandibular fossa 25 11. Stylomastoid 28. Posteriornasal spine 31 4 12. Incisive 32. External occipital crest 7 13. Palatine 33. Inferior nuchal line 32 2 14. Jugular 34. Highest nuchal line 21. Hypoglossal canal 33 22. Foramen lacerum 20 27. Inferior orbital fissure 24 29. Zygomatic process of 34 temporal bone 30. Temporal process of malar 31. Condylar fossa and canal Figure 2-6 Frontal and Sphenoid Bones: Internal Aspect, Frontosphenoidal Suture Separated PROCESSES FORAMINA 1. Greater wing 3. Optic foramen 2. Lesser wing 4. Superior orbital fissure 8. Lateral pterygoid 5. Foramen rotundum 9. Medial pterygoid 6. Foramen ovale 10. Sella turcica 7. Foramen spinosum 11. Carotid groove 13. Ethmoidal notch 12. Frontal crest 12 14 14. Orbital plate 13 2 1 3 4 10 5 6 11 7 8 9 Eder, et al.: Laboratory 2. Human Skeletal Anatomy Text © The McGraw−Hill Atlas of Anatomy and Companies, 2001 Physiology, Third Edition 50 CHAPTER 2 Figure 2-7 Sphenoid: From the Front PROCESSES 1. Orbital surface 1 11 3 2. Rostrum 4 7. Medial pterygoid 8. Lateral pterygoid 5 11. Temporal surface 2 6 8 FORAMINA 9 7 3. Optic 4. Superior orbital fissure 10 5. Foramen rotundum 6. Pterygoid canal 9. Foramen ovale 10. Foramen spinosum Figure 2-8 Frontal and Zygomatic Bones: From the Front PROCESSES 1. Zygomatic process 2 4. Orbit 3 7. Frontal process 1 8. Temporal process 4 9. Orbital border 10. Maxillary border 5 7 11. Temporal border 9 NOTE: Supraorbital foramen and notch on 6 right side are separate; on left they are 11 superimposed. 8 10 FORAMINA 2. Supraorbital foramen 3. Supraorbital notch 5. Ethmoidal notch 6. Infraorbital foramen Eder, et al.: Laboratory 2. Human Skeletal Anatomy Text © The McGraw−Hill Atlas of Anatomy and Companies, 2001 Physiology, Third Edition Human Skeletal Anatomy 51 Figure 2-9 Right Temporal and Parietal Bones: Exterior Aspect, Squamosal Suture Separated PROCESSES 1. Parietal notch 2. External auditory meatus 3. Zygomatic process 4. Mandibular fossa 8 9 5. Mastoid process 6. Styloid process 7 7. Squamosal border 8. Frontal border 9. Occipital border 10. Suprameatal triangle 1 10 5 2 4 3 6 Figure 2-10 Left Temporal and Parietal Bones: Interior Aspect, 10 Squamosal Suture Separated PROCESSES 1. Parietal notch 2. Internal auditory meatus 3. Petrous portion 4. Groove for sigmoid sinus 5. Mastoid process 9 8 6. Styloid process 7. Squamosal border 12 11 8. Frontal border 7 9. Occipital border 10. Sagittal border 11. Furrows for frontal branch 7 of middle meningeal 1 vessels 12. Furrows for parietal 4 3 branch of middle 2 meningeal vessels 5 6 Eder, et al.: Laboratory 2. Human Skeletal Anatomy Text © The McGraw−Hill Atlas of Anatomy and Companies, 2001 Physiology, Third Edition 52 CHAPTER 2 Figure 2-11 Occipital Bone: Interior Aspect PROCESSES 11 1. Foramen magnum 2. Condylar fossa and canal 10 3. Jugular notch 4. Groove for sigmoid sinus 13 5. Jugular tubercle 8 6. Mastoid margin 9 7. Internal occipital crest 8. Internal occipital protuberance 9. Groove for transverse sinus 12 7 10. Groove for superior sagittal sinus 11. Lambdoidal margin 12. Cerebellar fossa 1 13. Cerebral fossa 6 4 5 2 3 Figure 2-12 Palatine Bones: (A) Right from Anteriomedial View, (B) Left from Anteriosuperior View 1 1 2 PROCESSES 2 3 5 A. Right palatine bone 8 6 B. Left palatine bone 1. Orbital process 4 4 2. Sphenopalatine notch 7 3. Sphenoidal process 4. Horizontal plate 5. Ethmoidal crest A B 6. Pyramidal process 7. Maxillary process 8. Vertical plate Eder, et al.: Laboratory 2. Human Skeletal Anatomy Text © The McGraw−Hill Atlas of Anatomy and Companies, 2001 Physiology, Third Edition Human Skeletal Anatomy 53 Figure 2-13 Maxillae: (A) Left from Lateral Aspect, (B) Right from Medial Aspect 2 2 PROCESSES 11 12 4 15 A. Left maxilla 10 16 19 B. Right maxilla 14 3 17 1. Zygomatic process 1 13 5 9 2. Ethmoidal crest 9 8 3. Infraorbital foramen 7 6 18 4. Orbital surface 5. Infratemporal surface 6. Canine fossa 7. Canine eminence AB 8. Incisive fossa 9. Anterior nasal spine 10. Anterior lacrimal crest 11. Nasolacrimal groove 12. Maxillary hiatus and sinus 13. Palatine process 14. Nasal crest 15. Frontal process 16. Middle meatus 17. Inferior meatus 18. Alveolar process 19. Greater palatine canal Figure 2-14 Mandible: Left Lateral View PROCESSES 1. Mandibular condyle 3 2. Condyloid process 3. Coronoid process 4. Angle 9 5. Mental foramen 10 6. Alveolar process 7. Body of mandible 3 1 2 8. Mental protuberance 9. Mandibular foramen 10. Lingula 6 11 11. Ramus 7 8 5 4 Eder, et al.: Laboratory 2. Human Skeletal Anatomy Text © The McGraw−Hill Atlas of Anatomy and Companies, 2001 Physiology, Third Edition 54 CHAPTER 2 Figure 2-15 A Ethmoid Bone: (A) from Above, Right, and Behind (B) from Below, Right, and Behind 1 PROCESSES 1. Crista galli 2. Cribriform plate 3. Orbital plate 4. Ethmoidal labyrinth (with air cells) 2 4 5. Perpendicular plate 6. Middle nasal concha 3 B 5 4 6 6 Eder, et al.: Laboratory 2. Human Skeletal Anatomy Text © The McGraw−Hill Atlas of Anatomy and Companies, 2001 Physiology, Third Edition Human Skeletal Anatomy 55 Figure 2-16 Vertebral Column: View from Left and Behind A STRUCTURES B A. Atlas B. Axis C C. 7 Cervical vertebrae (Arrow near C—Cervical curvature) D D. Mentum nuchae (spinous process of 7th cervical vertebra) E. 12 Thoracic vertebrae J (Arrow near E—Thoracic curvature) E F. 5 Lumbar vertebrae (Arrow near F—Lumbar curvature) G. 5 Fused sacral vertebrae (Arrow near G—Sacral curvature) I (Not shown 4–5 coccyx) H. Intervertebral disk I. Spinous processes I J. Transverse processes K. Intervertebral foramen K K I H F J H J G Eder, et al.: Laboratory 2.
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