o MicroVAX II System Digital Technical Journal ofDigital Equipment Corporation Number 2 March 1986 Editorial Staff Editor - Richard W. Beane Production Staff Production Editor- M. Terri Autieri Designer- Charlotte Bell Typesetting Programmer -James K. Scarsdale Advisory Board Samuel H. Fuller, Chairman Robert M. Glorioso John W. McCredie John F. Mucci Mahendra R. Patel Grant F. Saviers William D. Strecker Maurice V. Wilkes The Digital Technical journal is published by Digital Equipment Corporation, 77 Reed Road, Hudson, Massachusetts 01749. Comments on the content of any paper are welcomed. Write to the editor at Mail Stop HL02-3/KI1 at the published-by address. Comments can also be sent on the ENET to RDVAX::BEANE or on the ARPANET to BEANE%RDVAX.DEC@DECWRL. Copyright © 1986 Digital Equipment Corporation. Copying without fee is permitted provided that such copies are made for use in educational institutions by faculty members and are not distributed for commer­ cial advantage. Abstracting with credit of Digital Equipment Corporation's authorship is permitted. Requests for other copies for a fee may be made to the Digital Press of Digital Equipment Corporation. All rights reserved. The information in this journal is subject to change without notice and should not be construed as a com­ mitment by Digital Equipment Corporation. Digital Equipment Corporation assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear in this document. ISBN 932376-89-4 Documentation Number EY-3474E-DP The following are trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation: CompacTape, DEC, the Digital logo, MicroVAX, MicroVAX I, MicroVAX II, MicroVMS, PDP-7, PDP-I I, Q-BUS, RSTS, TK50, ULTRIX, ULTRIX-32, UN113US, VAX, VAX-ll/730, VAX-ll/750, VAX-ll/780, VAX 8600, VAX 8200, VAXELN, VAXstation, VMS, VT. Apple II is a trademark of Apple Computer, Inc. AT&T is a trademark of American Telephone & Tele­ graph Company. IBM is a registered trademark of International Business Machines, Inc. Mylar is a trademark of E. I. duPont deNemours & Company. Tek is a registered trademark of Tektronix, Inc. UNIX and System V are trademarks of AT&T Bell Cover Design Laboratories. Hardware, software, and peripheral devices for the Xerox is a registered trademark of Xerox Corporation. Micro VAX 11 system are featured in this issue. Two VLSI 68000 is a trademark of Motorola, Inc. devices, the 78032 CPU chip and the 78132 FPU chip, 8086 and Intel are trademarks of Intel Corporation. form the core of this system. Our cover shows the input The manuscript for this book was created using programmable logic array for the FPU chip. generic coding and, via a translation program, was automatically typeset. Book production was done by The cover was designed by Deborah Falck of the Graphic Educational Services Media Communications Group in Design Department. Bedford, MA. Contents 8 Foreword jeffrey Kalb C. New Products 12 The MicroVAX 78032 Chip, A 32-Bit Microprocessor Daniel W. Dobberpuhl. Robert M. Supnik, Richard Witek T. 24 The MicroVAX 78132 Floating Point Chip William R. Bidermann, Amnon Fisher, Burton M. Leary, Robert J Simcoe, William R. Wheeler 3 7 Developing the Micro VAX II CPU Board Barry A. Maskas 48 The Evolution of the Custom CAD Suite Used on the Micro VAX II System Anthony F. Hutchings 56 The Making of a Micro VAX Workstation Rick Spitz, Peter George. Stephen Zalewski 66 The RQDX3 Design Project Nicholas Warchol, Stephen Shirron A. F. 76 The Evolution of Instruction Emulation for the MicroVAX Systems Kathleen D. Morse, Lawrence). Kenah 86 The TK50 Cartridge Tape Drive Steven Doone, Guemer Schneider E. E. 99 Porting ULTRIX Software to the Micro VAX System Raymond J. Lanza Editor,s Introduction description is given of the wiring and signal integrity issues and how they were addressed. Both chips are mounted on a single board containing one megabyte of memory. Barry Maskas' paper explains how the CPU board had to be designed as a linked sequential machine with dual ports. The development process is interesting because the board and the chips were designed in parallel. The paper on CAD tools, by Tony Hutch­ ings, relates the large role they played in the chip and board designs . The various levels of Richard W. Beane F.ditor CAD support, from behavioral modeling, through logic and circuit simulation, to wirelist generation is described. This issue of the journal is the second pub­ The software graphics that turn the lished by Digital's engineering organization. MicroVAX II system into a single-user work­ Our first issue (August 1985) fe atured station are reported in the paper by Rick papers about the technologies us ed in Spitz, Peter George, and Steve Zalewski . The designing the VAX 8600 processor. The jour­ control of windowing software and virtual nal presents papers written by the technical displays is discussed, as are the implementa­ contributors who design Digital's products. tion details. The information is directed at engineering The RQDX3 disk controller provides fa st faculty members, Digital's own engineers, data transfers between a CPU and disk stor­ and customers. age devices. Nick Warc hol and Stephen Shir­ This issue features the MicroVAX ll system, ron explain the top-down development pro­ which implements the VAX architecture on a cess that lead to unique solutions to difficult single CPU chip, the 78032. Another chip, problems. Their description of the fi nal the 7813 2, executes fast floating point oper­ architecture shows how the original goa ls ations; a single board holds both those chips, were met in the eventual design. plus one megabyte of memory. New per­ With a subset architecture, those instruc­ ipherals have been designed, and the VMS tions not in the set have to be executed and ULTRIX software adapted to the another way. The paper by Kathy Morse and MicroVAX II system. This collection of Larry Kenah describes the macrocode emula­ papers, by authors from diffe rent engineer­ tion of the VMS changes required to do that. ing groups, presents a wide spectrum of the The testing techniques are interesting since MicroVAX II hardware and software. they were done without MicroVAX hardware. The first paper, by Dan Dobberpuhl, Bob The paper by Steve Boone and Guenter Supnik, and Rich Witek, is a description of Schneider describes the TKSO, a streaming the 78032 CPU chip, which implements a cartridge tape drive providing fa st data trans­ subset of the fu ll VAX instruction set. The fe r. The authors discuss the unique cartridge, decisions about which instructions to tape transport, and controller designs, high­ microcode are discussed, along with hard­ Iighting the self-threading technique and the ware simplifications needed to fit functions serpentine readjwrite process. on one chip. The chip's various operations The fi nal paper, by Ray La nza , describes are explained, with emphasis on parallel porting the ULTRIX-32 software to the execution. MicroVAX processor. Ray explains the cross­ The CPU chip can use a coprocessor, the development environment and the mapping 78 132 FPU chip, to perform fast floating techniques that allowed the heart of the point operations. The paper by Bill ULTRIX software to fit on a small system . Bidermann, Amnon Fisher, Mike Leary, Bob Simcoe , and Bill Wheeler relates the 7813 2's arch itecture and algorithms. The protocol between the two chips is discussed and a 3 Biographies William R. Bidermann Bill Bidermann is the engineering manager of the Advanced Development Memory Group. He consulted on the float­ ing point chips for both the VAX 8200 and MicroVAX II processors. Before joining Digital in 1984, he was a consultant for Tenex and Rampower. Previously, he worked as a project manager at Hewlett Packard LaboratOries in Palo Al to, California, and as a design engineer at Texas Instruments Central Research Labs . Bill received his S.B. and S.M. degrees in electrical engineering and computer science from M.I.T. in 1978 Steven Boone Steve Boone graduated from Michigan State Univer­ E. sity (B.S.E.E., 1974) and the University of Michigan (M.S.E.C.E., 1975). He has also done advanced graduate work at Southern Methodist Univer­ sity. Before joining Digital in 1984, Steve worked as a principal hard­ ware engineer for Sequoia Systems, and as a senior design engineer at Prime and Raytheon. For two years, he was an engineering supervisor working on the TK 50 controller design . Steve is currently the technical �ngineering manager for TK Cartridge Tape Su bsystem Engineering. Daniel W. Dobberpuhl Dan Dobberpuhl is a senior consulting engi­ neer and manager of the Processor Advanced Development Group. On the MicroVAX II project, he led the implementation of the 78032 CPU chip. Previously, he consulted on CMOS, ZMOS, and TIPI technology development, and worked on the Til and Fl l projects. Dan joined Digital in 1976 from General Electric Company. He received a B.S.E.E. degree from the University of Illinois in 1967. A member of IEEE, he holds four patents and is the coauthor of Th e Design and Analysis of VL S! Circuits. Amnon Fisher Educated at Israel Institute of Technology (B.S.E.E., 1973) and City College of New York (M.S.E.E., 1975), Amnon Fisher worked as both a contributor and project leader on the 3 20 16 CPU at National Semiconductor. joining Digital in 1983, he was a project leader of the Vl ljSCORPIO floating point chip (VAX 8200 system) , and a contributOr tO the MicroVAX II 78132 chip. Amnon is currently an engineering manager in the SemiconductOr Engineering Group, working on the design and development of a four-chip set VAX implementation. Peter George Earning his bachelors and masters degrees in com­ C.