DOCSLIB.ORG

Thèse GOSSAN ADJA URCA 2013 100713

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Thèse GOSSAN ADJA URCA 2013 100713 UFR DE PHARMACIE UFR SSMT TH SE EN COTUTELLE Année 2013 Ecole Doctorale : Sciences Technologie Santé Pour obtenir le grade de Docteur de l’Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (FRANCE) et de l’Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny d’Abidjan (CÔTE D’IVOIRE) Discipline : Chimie Organique des Substances Naturelles Spécialité : Pharmacognosie Par Apie Diane Patricia GOSSAN le 29 Mai 2013 Étude phytochimique de plantes médicinales issues de la flore de la Côte d’Ivoire : Gouania longipetala , Ventilago africana (Rhamnaceae), Combretum racemosum (Combretaceae) et Glyphaea brevis (Malvaceae) Directrice de thèse Pr. Laurence VOUTQUENNE-NAZABADIOKO Jury Pr. Elisabeth SEGUIN…………………………………………..Président Dr Thierry HENNEBELLE……………………………………..Rapporteur Pr. Loré Beugré Hervé César ZABRI…………………………...Rapporteur Dr Raphaël GROUGNET……………………………………….Examinateur Pr. Antoine AHIBO-COFFY……………………………………Co-directeur de thèse Dr Abdulmagid ALABDUL MAGID…………………………..Co-encadrant Dr Philomène Akoua KOUASSI-YAO……………………........Co-encadrant Pr. Laurence VOUTQUENNE-NAZABADIOKO……………..Directrice de thèse i Diane GOSSAN -Thèse de l’Université de Reims Champagne -Ardenne -2013 ii Diane GOSSAN -Thèse de l’Université de Reims Champagne -Ardenne -2013 Remerciements J’adresse mes sincères remerciements et toute ma reconnaissance à : Monsieur le Docteur Thierry HENNEBELLE Maître de Conférences à l’Université de Lille Nord de France (Lille 2) Monsieur le Professeur Loré Beugré Hervé César ZABRI, Maître de Conférences à l’Université Nangui-Abrogoua d'Abidjan Madame le Professeur Elisabeth SEGUIN Professeur à l’Université de Rouen Monsieur le Docteur Raphaël GROUGNET Maître de Conférences à l’Université Paris Descartes Monsieur le Professeur Antoine AHIBO-COFFY Professeur de Chimie Organique à l’Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny de Cocody-Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire) Monsieur le Docteur Abdulmagid ALABDUL MAGID Maître de Conférences à la Faculté de Pharmacie de Reims Madame le Docteur Philomène Akoua KOUASSI-YAO Docteur en Chimie Organique à l’Université Félix Houphouët Boigny de Cocody-Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire) Madame le Professeur Laurence VOUTQUENNE-NAZABADIOKO Professeur à la Faculté de Pharmacie de Reims Qui ont accepté de juger ce travail. En témoignage de ma profonde gratitude et de ma vive reconnaissance. iii Diane GOSSAN -Thèse de l’Université de Reims Champagne -Ardenne -2013 Au Docteur Thierry HENNEBELLE, vous avez accepté de juger ce travail en tant que rapporteur malgré vos nombreuses responsabilités. En témoignage de ma sincère reconnaissance. Au Professeur Loré Beugré Hervé César ZABRI, malgré vos multiples occupations vous avez accepté de juger ce travail en tant que rapporteur. En témoignage de ma grande considération. Au Professeur Elisabeth SEGUIN, vous me faites l’honneur de présider le jury de ma thèse. En témoignage de ma profonde reconnaissance. Au Docteur Raphaël GROUGNET, vous avez accepté de juger ce travail malgré vos nombreuses responsabilités. En témoignage de ma sincère reconnaissance. Au Professeur Antoine AHIBO-COFFY, vous avez été la première personne à qui j’ai manifesté le désir d’éffectuer ma thèse en France et vous n’avez ménagé aucun effort pour que mon rêve devienne réalité. Merci pour vos précieux conseils et pour avoir accepté de siéger dans ce jury Avec mes sincères remerciements et ma profonde gratitude. Au Docteur Abdulmagid ALABDUL MAGID, vous avez accepté de m’encadrer en co-dirigeant cette thèse. Durant toutes ces années vous m’avez non seulement apporté vos connaissances dans l’isolement et la détermination structurale, mais plus encore au delà du cadre de travail, vous m’avez accueillie, respectée et entourée de sympathie. Votre disponibilité n’a connu aucune faille. Merci pour m’avoir formée et donné l’envie de continuer dans ce domaine, pour votre affection et votre amitié. iv Diane GOSSAN -Thèse de l’Université de Reims Champagne -Ardenne -2013 Au Docteur Philomène Akoua KOUASSI-YAO, vous avez été aux premières heures de ma thèse, en acceptant de m’encadrer, en me permettant d’intégrer le laboratoire d’Isolement et Structure de l’ICMR. Durant ces années, vous m’avez soutenue, prodigué des conseils, reconfortée. Vous avez toujours été présente pour moi. Rien de ce que je dirai ne sera suffisant pour vous dire toute ma reconnaissance et ma profonde gratitude. Puisse Dieu le faire pour moi et vous combler. Merci à vous du plus profond de mon cœur. Au Professeur Laurence VOUTQUENNE-NAZABADIOKO, Directrice de thèse, qui m’a confié ce sujet de thèse. vous m’avez accueillie dans le laboratoire et vous avez accepté de diriger ce travail. Votre gentillesse, votre respect et votre sens du travail bien fait m’ont permis de mener à bien ma thèse. Je salue votre dévouement, votre ouverture d’esprit, votre générosité et votre grande humilité. Merci pour la sympathie, la disponibilité, l’infinie bonté et le beau sourire que vous m’avez toujours manifestés. En témoignage de mon infinie reconnaissance et de ma profonde gratitude. Au Professeur Catherine LAVAUD, Directrice du laboratoire IS de l’ICMR, Professeur de Pharmacognosie de la Faculté de Pharmacie de l’Université de Reims, je tiens à vous remercier sincèrement pour m’avoir acceptée dans le laboratoire. J’ai été marquée par votre respect pour les autres, votre gentillesse et par la famille que vous avez instaurée au sein du laboratoire. Sans cette famille, je n’aurai jamais pu mener cette thèse à terme. En témoignage de ma profonde et infinie gratitude. Au Professeur Atoutou Léon DJAKOURE, Professeur de Substances Naturelles à l’Université FHB de Cocody-Abidjan, vous m’avez fait confiance en m’acceptant comme étudiante en DEA. Au délà du travail, vous avez été un père pour moi. Votre humilité, vos conseils, votre générosité et votre disponibilité sont autant d’éléments remarquables. J’aurais tellement voulu que vous assistiez à ma soutenance et que vous soyiez l’un des témoins de mon entrée dans la grande famille des chercheurs. En témoignage de ma profonde gratitude et de mon affection. v Diane GOSSAN -Thèse de l’Université de Reims Champagne -Ardenne -2013 A Mr Bernard RICHARD Pour les premières extractions et les recherches bibliographiques, pour votre sympathie. En témoignage de ma sincère reconnaissance. Au Docteur Dominique HARAKAT Pour la réalisation de très nombreux spectres de RMN, pour votre aide et toute votre amitié au quotidien. En témoignage de ma sincère reconnaissance. A Monsieur le Professeur Arnaud AUDRECHY Pour vos conseils, votre aide précieuse et votre disponibilité. En témoignage de mon profond respect et de ma reconnaissance. Mes remerciements s’adressent également à la grande famille Isolement et Structure A Monsieur le Professeur Jean-Marc NUZUILLARD En témoignage de mon profond respect. A Monsieur le Professeur Jean-Hugues RENAULT En témoignage de mon profond respect. Au Docteur Jane HUBERT Pour ta sympathie, ton amitié au quotidien, ta grande gentillesse à mon égard. A Agathe MARTINEZ, Charlotte SAYAGH et Nicolas BORIE Pour votre amitié au quotidien, votre grande gentillesse, votre aide et vos conseils. Ma reconnaissance, mon affection et ma profonde gratitude à Michaël, Dima, Nahima, Bertrand, Nassima, Mahmoud, Sylvain, Benjamin, Anthony, Lila, Dham, Audrey, Hannah, Chantal, Guillaume, Charlotte, François. Pour tous les moments de bonheur passés ensemble, ils resteront gravés dans mon cœur. J’exprime mes sincères remerciements et ma gratitude aux membres des UFR SSMT et UFR Biosciences de l’Université FHB de Cocody-Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire). A Monsieur Laurent AKE ASSI, Professeur de Botanique à l’UFR Biosciences de l’Université FHB de Cocody-Abidjan, votre grande disponibilité, votre affection et votre connaissance inouïe des plantes ont été d’un apport considérable dans la réalisation de ce travail. En témoignage de mon profond respect, de ma vive reconnaissance et de mon infinie gratitude. vi Diane GOSSAN -Thèse de l’Université de Reims Champagne -Ardenne -2013 Au Docteur Mathias ASSI KOUAME Pour la récolte des feuilles de Combretum racemosum et pour vos précieux conseils. En témoignage de ma profonde reconnaissance. A Monsieur Lucien YAO et à Messieurs les Professeurs et Enseignants Chercheurs Thomas YAO N’GUESSAN, TUE BI, Kanko COFFI, TONZIBO, Jean Brice BOTI, Ané ADJOU, Robert BOKA, Joel DADE, Attioua KOFFI, Muriel KOFFI, Maeva KONE, Souleymane KONE, Timothé OKPEKON, Harisolo RAMIARANTSOA, Vincent ASSAMOI, COULYBALY, Raphael K.OUSSOU, Drissa SISSOUMA à l’UFR SSMT de l’Université FHB de Cocody-Abidjan Pour vos précieux conseils. A Mes amis et collègues du laboratoire de Chimie Organique Biologique de l’Université FHB Landry Ahmont, Faustin, Florence, Laure, Prisca, Brice, Akafou, Zana, Prévost, ZON, Akpa, Molou, Coulibaly, Lucie, benjamine, Latifatou. Pour votre amitié et votre sympathie. J’exprime ma reconnaissance envers : Maman ONEZOU Pour votre grande gentillesse, votre sympathie et votre aide à l’obtention de ma bourse. En témoignage de ma profonde et infinie gratitude. Maman GNANZOU Bernadette Pour votre générosité, votre amour, vos prières et pour tous vos bienfaits au cours de toutes ces années. Merci maman. En témoignage de mon infinie gratitude et de mon amour. Je remercie sincèrement les amis et connaissances de Reims qui ont facilité et rendu mon séjour agréable à Reims en partageant avec moi leurs moments de bonheur : Serge, Essuih, Aurélie, Famille Thérèse, Anne, Gabriel, Carolle, Axel, Sveltlana, Sonia, Ymba, Pacôme, Ludmyla, Dési, Sophie, Pascal, Armel, Nathalie, Nadège Ghislaine, Marcel La grande famille de la SSVP de Reims et de France. Les pères Lazaristes Eric RAVOUX et Vincent GOGUET de la Courneuve (Paris). La Chorale des Anges de la paroisse Saint-François Xavier d’Abobo (Abidjan). La Chorale Christ-Roi de la paroisse St-Albert le Grand de Cocody (Abidjan). J’adresse mes sincères remerciements au personnel de l’école doctorale Sciences Technologie Santé particulièrement à Estelle ODINOT et à Nathalie LE BARCH pour leur grande disponibilité et leur amabilité. vii Diane GOSSAN -Thèse de l’Université de Reims Champagne -Ardenne -2013 Je dédie cette thèse A mon père GOSSAN N’cho Fabien et à ma mère ABOA Sopie Jeannette , Papa, maman, vous avez toujours cru en moi malgré vos préjugés sur la scolarisation de la fille.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Review Article Pharmaceutical Properties and Applications of a Natural Polymer from Grewia Mollis
    Hindawi Publishing Corporation Journal of Polymers Volume 2013, Article ID 938726, 8 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/938726 Review Article Pharmaceutical Properties and Applications of a Natural Polymer from Grewia mollis Elijah I. Nep, Patricia O. Odumosu, Ndidi C. Ngwuluka, Patrick O. Olorunfemi, and Nelson A. Ochekpe Biomaterials and Drug Delivery Research Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, PMB 2084, Jos 930001, Nigeria Correspondence should be addressed to Elijah I. Nep; [email protected] Received 22 March 2013; Accepted 16 June 2013 Academic Editor: Alain Durand Copyright © 2013 Elijah I. Nep et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The use of naturally occurring biocompatible materials has been the focus of recent research activity in the design of dosage forms for immediate and controlled release formulations. Grewia gum is an intracellular gum obtained by extraction from the inner stem bark of the shrub Grewia mollis (Malvaceae). It grows abundantly (wild or cultivated) in the middle belt region of Nigeria, andthemucilagehasbeenusedbyindigenesofthisbeltasthickenerinsoups.Grewiagumhasbeeninvestigatedforpotential applications in pharmaceutical dosage forms. The industrial extrapolation of the applications of the gum has, however, been slowed by the limited structural, toxicological, and stability data available on the gum. This paper highlights ethnobotanical uses of G. mollis shrub and discusses the structural features, functional properties, and applications of grewia gum with emphases on its pharmaceutical potentials. 1. Introduction 2. Grewia mollis Plant Plant materials are playing increasing role as alternatives to G.
    [Show full text]
  • J.F. Veldkamp (Continued from Page 104)
    BIBLIOGRAPHY: BRYOPHYTES 165 XVI. Bibliography J.F. Veldkamp (continued from page 104) * Books have been marked with an asterisk. BRYOPHYTES AKIYAMA, H. 1988. Studies onLeucodon (Leucodontaceae, Musci)and related genera in East Asia III. Notes on the systematic position of Pterogonium. Acta Phytotax. Geo- bot. 39: 73-82, 4 fig. — To Isobryales near Anomodon. ASAKAWA, Y. 1988. Chemicalevolution of mono- and sesquiterpenoids ofliverworts. J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 64: 97-108, 16 fig. BISCHLER, H. 1989. MarchantiaL.: subg. Chlamidium (Nees) Bischl. sect. Papillatae Bischl. sect. nov. en Asie et en Ocianie. Cryptog., Bryol. Lichenol. 10: 61-79, 9 fig, 3 tab. (In French, Engl. summ.). — Marchantia emarginata group, 2 species, 5 sub- species. - — 1988. Marchantiapaleacea Bertol. Karyotype analysis. Beih. Nova Hedw. 90 (1988) 95-100, 2 fig, 1 tab. — 1988. Relationships in the order Marchantiales (Hepaticae). J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 64: 47-57, 3 tab. BUCK, W.R. 1988. Another view ofthe familial delimitationofthe Hookeriales. J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 64: 29-36,1 fig. — 5 families; key; descriptions. CAP, T. & C. GAO. 1988. Studies ofChinese bryophytes. (2). Trematodon Michx. (Mus- ci, Dicranaceae). J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 65: 323-334, 6 fig, 1 tab. — 2 species, 1 Male- sian; descriptions. CATCHESIDE, D.G. 1988. The mosses of the Northern territory, Australia. J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 11: 1-17, 4 — 95 54 new records, fig. species, keys to some genera. CHANDRA, V., et al. 1987. Calobryales: Distribution andphytogeographical discussion. Geophytology 17: 227-232, 1 map. * EDDY, A. 1988. A handbook ofMalesian mosses. 1. Sphagnales to Dicranales. iii, 204 165 British London. ISBN 0-567-01038-7.
    [Show full text]
  • Systematic Anatomy of the Woods of the Tiliaceae
    Technical Bulletin 158 June 1943 Systematic Anatomy of the Woods of the Tiliaceae B. Francis Kukachka and L. W. Rees Division of Forestry University of Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station Systematic Anatomy of the Woods of the Tiliaceae B. Francis Kukachka and L. W. Rees Division of Forestry University of Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station Accepted for publication January 29, 1943 CONTENTS Page Introduction 3 Anatomical indicators of phylogeny 4 Taxonomic history 7 Materials and methods 12 Measurements 14 Vessel members 14 Pore diameter 15 Numerical distributionS of pores 15 Pore grouping 15 Pore wall thickness 15 Fiber length 16 Fiber diameter 16 Parenchyma width and length 16 Description of the woods of the Tiliaceae 16 Description of the woods of the Elaeocarpaceae 49 Discussion 54 Elaeocarpaceae 54 Tiliaceae 56 General conclusions 63 Summary 64 Acknowledgments 65 Literature cited 65 2M-6-43 Systematic Anatomy of the Woods of the Tiliaceae B. Francis Kukachka and L. W. Rees INTRODUCTION ITHIN the last 20 years there has been developed a method Wof studying evolutionary trends in the secondary xylem of the dicotyledons, the fundamentals of which were laid principally by the researches of Bailey and Tupper( 13), Frost (50, 51, 52), and Kribs (64, 65). The technique depends on the previous establishment of an undoubtedly primitive anatomical feature and this is then asso- ciated with the feature to be investigated in order to determine the extent and direction of the correlation between the occur- rence of both features in the various species. A high positive correlation would indicate that the feature studied is relatively primitive.
    [Show full text]
  • Mabira Degazettement Report.Pdf
    Series No. 7 THE ECONOMIC VALUATION OF THE PROPOSED DEGAZETTEMENT OF MABIRA CENTRAL FOREST RESERVE NatureUganda Lead Consultants Dr. Yakobo Moyini Mr. Moses Masiga The Economic Valuation of the Proposed Degazettement of Mabira Central Forest Reserve With support from THE ECONOMIC VALUATION OF THE PROPOSED DEGAZETTEMENT OF MABIRA CENTRAL FOREST RESERVE Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non commercial purposes is authorized only with further written permission from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged. Production of this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written notice of the copyright holder. Citation: NatureUganda (2011). The Economic Valuation of the Proposed Degazettement of Mabira Central Forest Reserve. NatureUganda Kampala Copyright ©NatureUganda – The East Africa Natural History Society P.O.Box 27034, Kampala Uganda Plot 83 Tufnel Drive Kamwokya. Email [email protected] Website: www.natureuganda.org ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This consultancy builds on NatureUganda earlier studies to identify important biodiversity areas in Uganda or key biodiversity areas. Thirty three (33) Important Bird Areas were identified including Mabira Forest Reserve. In this study, we make a case that policy formulation about natural resources needs to be informed with facts in the present and full knowledge of the future or predicted long term consequences. We are grateful to BirdLife International Partnership particularly Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) whose initial support enabled NatureUganda to undertake this study on the economic evaluation of a section of Mabira Forest Reserve that was proposed for Degazzettement. The research work falls under our advocacy programme supported by various partners including BirdLife International through Jansen’s Foundation programme on ‘turning policy advantages into conservation gains’.
    [Show full text]
  • Plant-Based Gums and Mucilages Applications in Pharmacology and Nanomedicine: a Review
    molecules Review Plant-Based Gums and Mucilages Applications in Pharmacology and Nanomedicine: A Review Mohammad Sadegh Amiri 1 , Vahideh Mohammadzadeh 2, Mohammad Ehsan Taghavizadeh Yazdi 3 , Mahmood Barani 4 , Abbas Rahdar 5,* and George Z. Kyzas 6,* 1 Department of Biology, Payame Noor University, Tehran 19395-4697, Iran; [email protected] 2 Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 917794-8954, Iran; [email protected] 3 Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 917794-8564, Iran; [email protected] 4 Department of Chemistry, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman 76169-14111, Iran; [email protected] 5 Department of Physics, University of Zabol, Zabol 98613-35856, Iran 6 Department of Chemistry, International Hellenic University, 65404 Kavala, Greece * Correspondence: [email protected] (A.R.); [email protected] (G.Z.K.); Tel.: +30-25-1046-2218 (G.Z.K.) Abstract: Gums are carbohydrate biomolecules that have the potential to bind water and form gels. Gums are regularly linked with proteins and minerals in their construction. Gums have several forms, such as mucilage gums, seed gums, exudate gums, etc. Plant gums are one of the most important gums because of their bioavailability. Plant-derived gums have been used by humans since ancient times for numerous applications. The main features that make them appropriate for use in different applications are high stabilization, viscosity, adhesive property, emulsification action, and surface-active activity. In many pharmaceutical formulations, plant-based gums and mucilages are Citation: Amiri, M.S.; the key ingredients due to their bioavailability, widespread accessibility, non-toxicity, and reasonable Mohammadzadeh, V.; Yazdi, M.E.T.; prices.
    [Show full text]
  • Bark Anatomy of Some Sarcolaenaceae And
    581.824.2:582.792.2 MEDEDELINGEN LANDBOUWHOGESCHOOL WAGENINGEN • NEDERLAND • 80-6(1980) BARKANATOM Y OF SOME SARCOLAENACEAE AND RHOPALOCARPACEAEAN DTHEI R SYSTEMATICPOSITIO N R. W.DE N OUTER and A. P. VOOREN Department ofBotany, Agricultural University, Wageningen, The Netherlands (Received 11-80) H. VEENMAN & ZONEN B.V.-WAGENINGEN-IS -•:;:;>QL TX BARK ANATOMY OFSOM ESARCOLAENACEA E AND RHOPALOCARPACEAE AND THEIR SYSTEMATIC POSITION. SUMMARY The secondary phloem of some representatives of the families Sarcolaenaceae (Chlaenaceae)an d Rhopalocarpaceae( Sphaerosepalaceae) endemi c to Madagas­ car, hasbee n compared with that offamilies , belonging to the orders Bixales and Tiliales (HUTCHINSON, 1973). Considering the bark only, the two autonomous families possess affinities with the Sterculiaceae, Bombacaceae and to someexten t withth e Tiliaceaeo f the Tiliales (sensu HUTCHINSON, 1973) or Malvales (sensu TAKHTAJAN, 1969), not with the Ochnales in which they were placed by HUTCHINSON (1973). So preference is given to TAKHTAJAN'S (1969) arrangement of the families within the Malvales; a position within the Ochnales (HUTCHINSON, 1973) seems doubtful. INTRODUCTION The Sarcolaenaceae, still known as Chlaenaceaei nmos t literature and Rhopa- locarpaceae also known as Sphaerosepalaceae, are small families of trees or shrubs endemic to Madagascar. Their systematic position is still uncertain. Formerly they have been placed separately indifferen t orders,th e Sarcolaenaceae inth e Malvales and the Rhopa- locarpaceae in the Parietales (Violales, Cistales). Afterwards they were both arranged in the Malvales (for instance TAKHTAJAN, 1969) and recently together in the Ochnales (HUTCHINSON, 1973). An investigation of the secondary phloem of some representatives of the two families and a comparison with some species from other families, might throw a new light on their mutual relation and systematic position.
    [Show full text]
  • The Anatomy and Histochemistry of Grewia Lasiocarpa E. Mey. Ex Harv. (Malvaceae)
    South African Journal for Science and Technology ISSN: (Online) 2222-4173, (Print) 0254-3486 PagePage 1 of i of 17 ii OriginalInhoudsopgawe Research The anatomy and histochemistry of Grewia lasiocarpa E. Mey. ex Harv. (Malvaceae) Authors: Grewia lasiocarpa E. Mey. ex Harv is commonly known as the forest raisin(s) due to its edible Nneka A Akwu red-brown 4-lobed fruit(s), which turn black as they age. The genus is easily recognised by Yougasphree Naidoo Moganavelli Singh its distinctive morphology (edible fruits, crystals, trichomes) and abundant medicinal properties (antimicrobial, anti-infl ammatory, antioxidant). In order to distinguish this Affi lia ons: species from other Grewia species, this study aimed to describe the morphology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa ultrastructure of the leaves, stem bark and secretory structures of G. lasiocarpa using micro- scopic techniques and histochemical tests. he morphological and anatomical studies Corresponding author: revealed the presence of glandular trichomes. One type of peltate, three types of capitate Nneka A Akwu E-mail: [email protected] and non-glandular (simple, stellate, multangulate-stellate) trichomes were found on the leaves and stem bark of G. lasiocarpa. The histochemical investigation revealed that certain Dates: primary and secondary metabolites such as starch, protein, mucilage, lignin (polyphenols) Received: 13/05/20 Accepted: 16/09/20 and alkaloids are present in the leaves, stem bark and indumentum. This is the fi rst report on Published: 24/11/20 the morphological, ultrastructure and histochemical studies of leaves and stem bark of Grewia lasiocarpa. This structural characterisation of the leaves and stem bark would help to How to cite this ar cle: Akwu Nneka A, Naidoo distinguish this species from others in this genus, its ascertain authenticity, contribute to the Yougasphree, Singh pharmacognostic usage and general knowledge.
    [Show full text]
  • A Preliminary Checklist of the Vascular Plants and a Key to Ficus of Goualougo Triangle, Nouabalé-Ndoki National Park, Republic of Congo
    A Preliminary checklist of the Vascular Plants and a key to Ficus of Goualougo Triangle, Nouabalé-Ndoki National Park, Republic of Congo. Sydney Thony Ndolo Ebika MSc Thesis Biodiversity and Taxonomy of Plants University of Edinburgh Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh Submitted: August 2010 Cover illustration: Aptandra zenkeri, Olacaceae Specimen: Ndolo Ebika, S.T. 28 By Sydney Thony Ndolo Ebika Acknowledgments Acknowledgments The achievement of this MSc thesis in Biodiversity and Taxonomy of Plants is the result of advice, support, help and frank collaboration between different people and organizations and institutions. Without these people this thesis could not have been achieved. My deep grateful thanks go to both Dr. Moutsamboté, J.-M. ( Rural Development Institute, Marien Ngouabi University, Republic of Congo ) and Dr. Harris, D.J. (Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh) who gave me a powerful boost in studying plants during the botanic training workshop titled Inventory and Identification they organized at Kabo, Republic of Congo, in August 2006. Especially I would like to thank Dr. Harris, because the collaboration he established with the Goualougo Triangle Ape Project, Nouabalé- Ndoki National Park (NNNP), project I was working for, and his continued support for me has been very important to my training as a botanist. The Goualougo Triangle Ape Project (GTAP) is the area where all of the specimens treated in this thesis were collected. The team of this project was always looking after me night and day from 2006 to 2009. I would like to thank both principal investigators of the Triangle both Dr. Morgan, D. and Dr. Sanz, C. for their support to me.
    [Show full text]
  • Pharmaceutica Analytica Acta
    Ogaji et al., Pharm Anal Acta 2011, 3:1 Pharmaceutica http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2153-2435.1000146 Analytica Acta Review Article Open Access Advances in Natural Polymers as Pharmaceutical Excipients Ikoni J Ogaji*, Elijah I Nep and Jennifer D Audu-Peter Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, PMB 2084 JOS, 930003, Plateau State, Nigeria Abstract Research in natural polymeric materials has witnessed growing interest and attention. This is attributable to a number of factors which include their relative abundance, low cost, and biodegrable and eco-firendly profiles. This article reviews the current applications of natural polymeric materials in pharmaceutical formulations. The pharmaceutical applications of some of the traditional and commercially available natural polymers were discussed. Emerging potential pharmaceutical excipients of natural origins were also discussed. The increasing research interests in this group of materials are indications of their increasing importance. It is believed that as technology and testing techniques advance, more understanding of their physicochemical nature would be gained that can enable them to be tailored for wider Pharmaceutical applications than their synthetic counterparts. Keywords: Natural Polymeric materials; Pharmaceutical excipients; of polymers that are widely used in pharmaceutical formulations and Biodegradable; Eco-friendly in several cases their presence plays a fundamental role in determining the mechanism and
    [Show full text]
  • A Systematic Compilation of Endemic Flora in Nigeria for Conservation Management
    Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 October 2014 | 6(11): 6406–6426 A systematic compilation of endemic flora in Nigeria Communication for conservation management ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) T.I. Borokini 1,2 ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) 1 Plant Genetic Resources Unit, National Centre for Genetic Resources and Biotechnology (NACGRAB), Ibadan, Nigeria OPEN ACCESS 2 Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Biology Unit, Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno NV 89557-0314, USA [email protected] Abstract: Endemic species with limited geographical ranges are more susceptible to extinction than widely ranging species, and effective conservation management of endemic species requires detailed knowledge of their status and distribution. This study was conducted to assemble a comprehensive list of flora endemic to Nigeria. While earlier reports listed as many as 205 endemic plant species, only 91 species belonging to 44 families were found in this study, with Rubiaceae accounting for the highest number of species. The list contains 23 trees, 26 herbs, 22 shrubs, 14 epiphytic orchids and bryophytes, three vines and three ferns. The Oban Division of the Cross River National Park houses 41 endemic plants, while other notable locations for endemic flora include Eket, Naraguta, Degema, Idanre hills, Ukpon River Forest Reserve, Calabar and Anara Forest Reserve. Only 15 of the endemic plants are listed in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species version 2013.2, ranging from Vulnerable to Critically Endangered. Keywords: Biodiversity, biogeography, conservation, distribution range, endangered species, endemic flora, Nigeria, Rubiaceae, Transboundary Protected Areas. French Abstract: Les espèces endémiques avec les zones géographiques limitées sont plus sensibles à l’extinction que largement allant espèces et efficace gestion de la conservation des espèces endémiques exige une connaissance détaillée de leur statut et de la distribution.
    [Show full text]
  • Potential Application of Tetrapleura Tetraptera and Hibiscus Sabdariffa (Malvaceae) in Designing Highly Flavoured and Bioactive
    beverages Review Potential Application of Tetrapleura tetraptera and Hibiscus sabdariffa (Malvaceae) in Designing Highly Flavoured and Bioactive Pito with Functional Properties Parise Adadi 1,* and Osman N. Kanwugu 2 1 Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand 2 Institute of Chemical Engineering, Ural Federal University, Mira Street 28, Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] or [email protected] Received: 11 February 2020; Accepted: 30 March 2020; Published: 3 April 2020 Abstract: Sorghum beer (pito) is an indigenous alcoholic beverage peculiar to northern Ghana and parts of other West African countries. It is overwhelmed with calories, essential amino acids (such as lysine, etc.), B-group vitamins, and minerals. In recent years, there has been a growing demand for highly flavoured yet functional pito in Ghana; however, the local producers lack the prerequisite scientific expertise in designing such products. We propose the utilization of Tetrapleura tetraptera (TT) and Hibiscus sabdariffa (HS) as cheap and readily available materials in designing functional flavoured pito. The addition of TT and HS would not alter the fermentation profile but rather augment the starter with nutrients, thus improving the fermentation performance and shelf life of the final pito. In vitro and in vivo studies provide substantive evidence of antioxidant, nephro- and hepato-protective, renal/diuretic effect, anticholesterol, antidiabetic, and antihypertensive effects among others of the TT and HS, hence enriching the pito with health-promoting factors and consequently boosting the health of the consumer. Herein, we summarise the phytochemical, biological, pharmacological, and toxicological aspects of TT and HS as well as the technology involved in brewing the novel bioactive-flavoured pito.
    [Show full text]
  • Farming in Tsetse Controlled Areas Assessment of Biiodiversity In
    ILK INTERNATIONAL European Union LIVESTOCK RESEARCH INSTITUTE AU-IBAR Farming in Tsetse Controlled Areas FITCA 0SE fIPPCA Environmental Monitoring and Management Component EMMC Project Number : 7.ACP.RP.R. 578 Assessment of Biiodiversity in the projeet areas of Western Kenya Report Qn Butterflies 9-16 August 2004 by Steve C. COLLINS FITCA EMMC Report Number B3 REPORT ON BUTTERFLIES FROM AFRICAN BUTTERFLY RESEARCH INSTITUTE TO FITCA August 9-16 2004 By Steve C Collins, ABRI Fieldwork: Peter Walwanda, Francis Ambuso, Brian Finch OVERVIEW: FITCA Project The regional project FITCA (Farming in Tsetse Controlled Areas) has a general objective to integrate tsetse control activities into the farming practices of rural communities such that the problem of trypanosomosis can be contained to the levels that are not harmful to both human and the livestock and environmentally gentle and integrated into the dynamics of rural development and are progressively handled by the farmers themselves. The project is hosted by the Inter-African Bureau for Animal Resources of the African Union (AU-IBAR) and covers areas with small scale farming in Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania and Ethiopia. EMMC (Environmental Monitoring and Management Component) is the environmental component of FITCA. It is implemented by ILRI in collaboration with CIRAD (as member of SEMG, Scientific Environmental Monitoring Group). This regional component has been charged with the responsibility of identifying of monitoring indicators and methodologies, as well as the development of an environmental awareness among the stakeholders. It contributes to propositions of good practices and activities mitigating the impacts and rehabilitating the threatened resources likely to result directly or indirectly of tsetse control and rural development.
    [Show full text]