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UFR DE PHARMACIE UFR SSMT TH SE EN COTUTELLE Année 2013 Ecole Doctorale : Sciences Technologie Santé Pour obtenir le grade de Docteur de l’Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (FRANCE) et de l’Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny d’Abidjan (CÔTE D’IVOIRE) Discipline : Chimie Organique des Substances Naturelles Spécialité : Pharmacognosie Par Apie Diane Patricia GOSSAN le 29 Mai 2013 Étude phytochimique de plantes médicinales issues de la flore de la Côte d’Ivoire : Gouania longipetala , Ventilago africana (Rhamnaceae), Combretum racemosum (Combretaceae) et Glyphaea brevis (Malvaceae) Directrice de thèse Pr. Laurence VOUTQUENNE-NAZABADIOKO Jury Pr. Elisabeth SEGUIN…………………………………………..Président Dr Thierry HENNEBELLE……………………………………..Rapporteur Pr. Loré Beugré Hervé César ZABRI…………………………...Rapporteur Dr Raphaël GROUGNET……………………………………….Examinateur Pr. Antoine AHIBO-COFFY……………………………………Co-directeur de thèse Dr Abdulmagid ALABDUL MAGID…………………………..Co-encadrant Dr Philomène Akoua KOUASSI-YAO……………………........Co-encadrant Pr. Laurence VOUTQUENNE-NAZABADIOKO……………..Directrice de thèse i Diane GOSSAN -Thèse de l’Université de Reims Champagne -Ardenne -2013 ii Diane GOSSAN -Thèse de l’Université de Reims Champagne -Ardenne -2013 Remerciements J’adresse mes sincères remerciements et toute ma reconnaissance à : Monsieur le Docteur Thierry HENNEBELLE Maître de Conférences à l’Université de Lille Nord de France (Lille 2) Monsieur le Professeur Loré Beugré Hervé César ZABRI, Maître de Conférences à l’Université Nangui-Abrogoua d'Abidjan Madame le Professeur Elisabeth SEGUIN Professeur à l’Université de Rouen Monsieur le Docteur Raphaël GROUGNET Maître de Conférences à l’Université Paris Descartes Monsieur le Professeur Antoine AHIBO-COFFY Professeur de Chimie Organique à l’Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny de Cocody-Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire) Monsieur le Docteur Abdulmagid ALABDUL MAGID Maître de Conférences à la Faculté de Pharmacie de Reims Madame le Docteur Philomène Akoua KOUASSI-YAO Docteur en Chimie Organique à l’Université Félix Houphouët Boigny de Cocody-Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire) Madame le Professeur Laurence VOUTQUENNE-NAZABADIOKO Professeur à la Faculté de Pharmacie de Reims Qui ont accepté de juger ce travail. En témoignage de ma profonde gratitude et de ma vive reconnaissance. iii Diane GOSSAN -Thèse de l’Université de Reims Champagne -Ardenne -2013 Au Docteur Thierry HENNEBELLE, vous avez accepté de juger ce travail en tant que rapporteur malgré vos nombreuses responsabilités. En témoignage de ma sincère reconnaissance. Au Professeur Loré Beugré Hervé César ZABRI, malgré vos multiples occupations vous avez accepté de juger ce travail en tant que rapporteur. En témoignage de ma grande considération. Au Professeur Elisabeth SEGUIN, vous me faites l’honneur de présider le jury de ma thèse. En témoignage de ma profonde reconnaissance. Au Docteur Raphaël GROUGNET, vous avez accepté de juger ce travail malgré vos nombreuses responsabilités. En témoignage de ma sincère reconnaissance. Au Professeur Antoine AHIBO-COFFY, vous avez été la première personne à qui j’ai manifesté le désir d’éffectuer ma thèse en France et vous n’avez ménagé aucun effort pour que mon rêve devienne réalité. Merci pour vos précieux conseils et pour avoir accepté de siéger dans ce jury Avec mes sincères remerciements et ma profonde gratitude. Au Docteur Abdulmagid ALABDUL MAGID, vous avez accepté de m’encadrer en co-dirigeant cette thèse. Durant toutes ces années vous m’avez non seulement apporté vos connaissances dans l’isolement et la détermination structurale, mais plus encore au delà du cadre de travail, vous m’avez accueillie, respectée et entourée de sympathie. Votre disponibilité n’a connu aucune faille. Merci pour m’avoir formée et donné l’envie de continuer dans ce domaine, pour votre affection et votre amitié. iv Diane GOSSAN -Thèse de l’Université de Reims Champagne -Ardenne -2013 Au Docteur Philomène Akoua KOUASSI-YAO, vous avez été aux premières heures de ma thèse, en acceptant de m’encadrer, en me permettant d’intégrer le laboratoire d’Isolement et Structure de l’ICMR. Durant ces années, vous m’avez soutenue, prodigué des conseils, reconfortée. Vous avez toujours été présente pour moi. Rien de ce que je dirai ne sera suffisant pour vous dire toute ma reconnaissance et ma profonde gratitude. Puisse Dieu le faire pour moi et vous combler. Merci à vous du plus profond de mon cœur. Au Professeur Laurence VOUTQUENNE-NAZABADIOKO, Directrice de thèse, qui m’a confié ce sujet de thèse. vous m’avez accueillie dans le laboratoire et vous avez accepté de diriger ce travail. Votre gentillesse, votre respect et votre sens du travail bien fait m’ont permis de mener à bien ma thèse. Je salue votre dévouement, votre ouverture d’esprit, votre générosité et votre grande humilité. Merci pour la sympathie, la disponibilité, l’infinie bonté et le beau sourire que vous m’avez toujours manifestés. En témoignage de mon infinie reconnaissance et de ma profonde gratitude. Au Professeur Catherine LAVAUD, Directrice du laboratoire IS de l’ICMR, Professeur de Pharmacognosie de la Faculté de Pharmacie de l’Université de Reims, je tiens à vous remercier sincèrement pour m’avoir acceptée dans le laboratoire. J’ai été marquée par votre respect pour les autres, votre gentillesse et par la famille que vous avez instaurée au sein du laboratoire. Sans cette famille, je n’aurai jamais pu mener cette thèse à terme. En témoignage de ma profonde et infinie gratitude. Au Professeur Atoutou Léon DJAKOURE, Professeur de Substances Naturelles à l’Université FHB de Cocody-Abidjan, vous m’avez fait confiance en m’acceptant comme étudiante en DEA. Au délà du travail, vous avez été un père pour moi. Votre humilité, vos conseils, votre générosité et votre disponibilité sont autant d’éléments remarquables. J’aurais tellement voulu que vous assistiez à ma soutenance et que vous soyiez l’un des témoins de mon entrée dans la grande famille des chercheurs. En témoignage de ma profonde gratitude et de mon affection. v Diane GOSSAN -Thèse de l’Université de Reims Champagne -Ardenne -2013 A Mr Bernard RICHARD Pour les premières extractions et les recherches bibliographiques, pour votre sympathie. En témoignage de ma sincère reconnaissance. Au Docteur Dominique HARAKAT Pour la réalisation de très nombreux spectres de RMN, pour votre aide et toute votre amitié au quotidien. En témoignage de ma sincère reconnaissance. A Monsieur le Professeur Arnaud AUDRECHY Pour vos conseils, votre aide précieuse et votre disponibilité. En témoignage de mon profond respect et de ma reconnaissance. Mes remerciements s’adressent également à la grande famille Isolement et Structure A Monsieur le Professeur Jean-Marc NUZUILLARD En témoignage de mon profond respect. A Monsieur le Professeur Jean-Hugues RENAULT En témoignage de mon profond respect. Au Docteur Jane HUBERT Pour ta sympathie, ton amitié au quotidien, ta grande gentillesse à mon égard. A Agathe MARTINEZ, Charlotte SAYAGH et Nicolas BORIE Pour votre amitié au quotidien, votre grande gentillesse, votre aide et vos conseils. Ma reconnaissance, mon affection et ma profonde gratitude à Michaël, Dima, Nahima, Bertrand, Nassima, Mahmoud, Sylvain, Benjamin, Anthony, Lila, Dham, Audrey, Hannah, Chantal, Guillaume, Charlotte, François. Pour tous les moments de bonheur passés ensemble, ils resteront gravés dans mon cœur. J’exprime mes sincères remerciements et ma gratitude aux membres des UFR SSMT et UFR Biosciences de l’Université FHB de Cocody-Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire). A Monsieur Laurent AKE ASSI, Professeur de Botanique à l’UFR Biosciences de l’Université FHB de Cocody-Abidjan, votre grande disponibilité, votre affection et votre connaissance inouïe des plantes ont été d’un apport considérable dans la réalisation de ce travail. En témoignage de mon profond respect, de ma vive reconnaissance et de mon infinie gratitude. vi Diane GOSSAN -Thèse de l’Université de Reims Champagne -Ardenne -2013 Au Docteur Mathias ASSI KOUAME Pour la récolte des feuilles de Combretum racemosum et pour vos précieux conseils. En témoignage de ma profonde reconnaissance. A Monsieur Lucien YAO et à Messieurs les Professeurs et Enseignants Chercheurs Thomas YAO N’GUESSAN, TUE BI, Kanko COFFI, TONZIBO, Jean Brice BOTI, Ané ADJOU, Robert BOKA, Joel DADE, Attioua KOFFI, Muriel KOFFI, Maeva KONE, Souleymane KONE, Timothé OKPEKON, Harisolo RAMIARANTSOA, Vincent ASSAMOI, COULYBALY, Raphael K.OUSSOU, Drissa SISSOUMA à l’UFR SSMT de l’Université FHB de Cocody-Abidjan Pour vos précieux conseils. A Mes amis et collègues du laboratoire de Chimie Organique Biologique de l’Université FHB Landry Ahmont, Faustin, Florence, Laure, Prisca, Brice, Akafou, Zana, Prévost, ZON, Akpa, Molou, Coulibaly, Lucie, benjamine, Latifatou. Pour votre amitié et votre sympathie. J’exprime ma reconnaissance envers : Maman ONEZOU Pour votre grande gentillesse, votre sympathie et votre aide à l’obtention de ma bourse. En témoignage de ma profonde et infinie gratitude. Maman GNANZOU Bernadette Pour votre générosité, votre amour, vos prières et pour tous vos bienfaits au cours de toutes ces années. Merci maman. En témoignage de mon infinie gratitude et de mon amour. Je remercie sincèrement les amis et connaissances de Reims qui ont facilité et rendu mon séjour agréable à Reims en partageant avec moi leurs moments de bonheur : Serge, Essuih, Aurélie, Famille Thérèse, Anne, Gabriel, Carolle, Axel, Sveltlana, Sonia, Ymba, Pacôme, Ludmyla, Dési, Sophie, Pascal, Armel, Nathalie, Nadège Ghislaine, Marcel La grande famille de la SSVP de Reims et de France. Les pères Lazaristes Eric RAVOUX et Vincent GOGUET de la Courneuve (Paris). La Chorale des Anges de la paroisse Saint-François Xavier d’Abobo (Abidjan). La Chorale Christ-Roi de la paroisse St-Albert le Grand de Cocody (Abidjan). J’adresse mes sincères remerciements au personnel de l’école doctorale Sciences Technologie Santé particulièrement à Estelle ODINOT et à Nathalie LE BARCH pour leur grande disponibilité et leur amabilité. vii Diane GOSSAN -Thèse de l’Université de Reims Champagne -Ardenne -2013 Je dédie cette thèse A mon père GOSSAN N’cho Fabien et à ma mère ABOA Sopie Jeannette , Papa, maman, vous avez toujours cru en moi malgré vos préjugés sur la scolarisation de la fille.
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  • A Systematic Compilation of Endemic Flora in Nigeria for Conservation Management

    A Systematic Compilation of Endemic Flora in Nigeria for Conservation Management

    Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 October 2014 | 6(11): 6406–6426 A systematic compilation of endemic flora in Nigeria Communication for conservation management ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) T.I. Borokini 1,2 ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) 1 Plant Genetic Resources Unit, National Centre for Genetic Resources and Biotechnology (NACGRAB), Ibadan, Nigeria OPEN ACCESS 2 Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Biology Unit, Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno NV 89557-0314, USA [email protected] Abstract: Endemic species with limited geographical ranges are more susceptible to extinction than widely ranging species, and effective conservation management of endemic species requires detailed knowledge of their status and distribution. This study was conducted to assemble a comprehensive list of flora endemic to Nigeria. While earlier reports listed as many as 205 endemic plant species, only 91 species belonging to 44 families were found in this study, with Rubiaceae accounting for the highest number of species. The list contains 23 trees, 26 herbs, 22 shrubs, 14 epiphytic orchids and bryophytes, three vines and three ferns. The Oban Division of the Cross River National Park houses 41 endemic plants, while other notable locations for endemic flora include Eket, Naraguta, Degema, Idanre hills, Ukpon River Forest Reserve, Calabar and Anara Forest Reserve. Only 15 of the endemic plants are listed in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species version 2013.2, ranging from Vulnerable to Critically Endangered. Keywords: Biodiversity, biogeography, conservation, distribution range, endangered species, endemic flora, Nigeria, Rubiaceae, Transboundary Protected Areas. French Abstract: Les espèces endémiques avec les zones géographiques limitées sont plus sensibles à l’extinction que largement allant espèces et efficace gestion de la conservation des espèces endémiques exige une connaissance détaillée de leur statut et de la distribution.
  • Potential Application of Tetrapleura Tetraptera and Hibiscus Sabdariffa (Malvaceae) in Designing Highly Flavoured and Bioactive

    Potential Application of Tetrapleura Tetraptera and Hibiscus Sabdariffa (Malvaceae) in Designing Highly Flavoured and Bioactive

    beverages Review Potential Application of Tetrapleura tetraptera and Hibiscus sabdariffa (Malvaceae) in Designing Highly Flavoured and Bioactive Pito with Functional Properties Parise Adadi 1,* and Osman N. Kanwugu 2 1 Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand 2 Institute of Chemical Engineering, Ural Federal University, Mira Street 28, Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] or [email protected] Received: 11 February 2020; Accepted: 30 March 2020; Published: 3 April 2020 Abstract: Sorghum beer (pito) is an indigenous alcoholic beverage peculiar to northern Ghana and parts of other West African countries. It is overwhelmed with calories, essential amino acids (such as lysine, etc.), B-group vitamins, and minerals. In recent years, there has been a growing demand for highly flavoured yet functional pito in Ghana; however, the local producers lack the prerequisite scientific expertise in designing such products. We propose the utilization of Tetrapleura tetraptera (TT) and Hibiscus sabdariffa (HS) as cheap and readily available materials in designing functional flavoured pito. The addition of TT and HS would not alter the fermentation profile but rather augment the starter with nutrients, thus improving the fermentation performance and shelf life of the final pito. In vitro and in vivo studies provide substantive evidence of antioxidant, nephro- and hepato-protective, renal/diuretic effect, anticholesterol, antidiabetic, and antihypertensive effects among others of the TT and HS, hence enriching the pito with health-promoting factors and consequently boosting the health of the consumer. Herein, we summarise the phytochemical, biological, pharmacological, and toxicological aspects of TT and HS as well as the technology involved in brewing the novel bioactive-flavoured pito.

  • Farming in Tsetse Controlled Areas Assessment of Biiodiversity In

    ILK INTERNATIONAL European Union LIVESTOCK RESEARCH INSTITUTE AU-IBAR Farming in Tsetse Controlled Areas FITCA 0SE fIPPCA Environmental Monitoring and Management Component EMMC Project Number : 7.ACP.RP.R. 578 Assessment of Biiodiversity in the projeet areas of Western Kenya Report Qn Butterflies 9-16 August 2004 by Steve C. COLLINS FITCA EMMC Report Number B3 REPORT ON BUTTERFLIES FROM AFRICAN BUTTERFLY RESEARCH INSTITUTE TO FITCA August 9-16 2004 By Steve C Collins, ABRI Fieldwork: Peter Walwanda, Francis Ambuso, Brian Finch OVERVIEW: FITCA Project The regional project FITCA (Farming in Tsetse Controlled Areas) has a general objective to integrate tsetse control activities into the farming practices of rural communities such that the problem of trypanosomosis can be contained to the levels that are not harmful to both human and the livestock and environmentally gentle and integrated into the dynamics of rural development and are progressively handled by the farmers themselves. The project is hosted by the Inter-African Bureau for Animal Resources of the African Union (AU-IBAR) and covers areas with small scale farming in Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania and Ethiopia. EMMC (Environmental Monitoring and Management Component) is the environmental component of FITCA. It is implemented by ILRI in collaboration with CIRAD (as member of SEMG, Scientific Environmental Monitoring Group). This regional component has been charged with the responsibility of identifying of monitoring indicators and methodologies, as well as the development of an environmental awareness among the stakeholders. It contributes to propositions of good practices and activities mitigating the impacts and rehabilitating the threatened resources likely to result directly or indirectly of tsetse control and rural development.