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Chemistry Department 32.Pdf (10.36Mb)
THE FABRICATION OF NANOMETRIC METAL SULFIDES FROM XANTHATE PRECURSORS By ALAN PIQUETTE Bachelor of Arts Western State College of Colorado Gunnison, Colorado 2002 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahoma State University In partial fulfillment of The requirements for The Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY December, 2007 THE FABRICATION OF NANOMETRIC METAL SULFIDES FROM XANTHATE PRECURSORS Thesis Approved: _______________ __Allen Apblett___ ______________ Thesis Advisor ________________ Nicholas Materer_____ __________ _____________ __LeGrande Slaughter___ __________ _______________ ____Jim Smay___ _______________ _____________ __A. Gordon Emslie___ ____________ Dean of the Graduate College ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS It is with my utmost sincere appreciation that I acknowledge my thesis advisor, Dr. Allen W. Apblett, for his support, guidance, and motivation. He provided a research environment that was both friendly and challenging, which made my years in his group enjoyable and rewarding. His broad range of knowledge was something of which I was happy to take advantage. His dedication to teaching and research is something that will be a positive influence on me for the rest of my scientific career. I would like to express gratitude to my committee members: Dr. Nicholas Materer, Dr. LeGrande Slaughter, and Dr. Jim Smay, for their assistance, advice, guidance, and support throughout the years. I am deeply grateful to all my colleagues and friends in the chemistry department. I would specifically like to thank Sulaiman Al-Fadul, Mohammed Al-Hazmi, Zeid Al- Othmann, Mohamed Chehbouni, Satish Kuriyavar, and Tarek Trad for showing me the ropes, for their valuable discussions, continuous encouragement, and for all the help they extended during the course of my stay in the Apblett Group. -
12.18 Carbofuran Carbofuran (CAS No
12. CHEMICAL FACT SHEETS WHO (2003) Cadmium in drinking-water. Background document for preparation of WHO Guidelines for drinking-water quality. Geneva, World Health Organization (WHO/SDE/WSH/03.04/80). 12.18 Carbofuran Carbofuran (CAS No. 1563-66-2) is used worldwide as a pesticide for many crops. Residues in treated crops are generally very low or not detectable. The physical and chemical properties of carbofuran and the few data on occurrence indicate that drink- ing-water from both groundwater and surface water sources is potentially the major route of exposure. Guideline value 0.007 mg/litre Occurrence Has been detected in surface water, groundwater and drinking-water, generally at levels of a few micrograms per litre or lower; highest concentration (30 mg/litre) measured in groundwater ADI 0.002 mg/kg of body weight based on a NOAEL of 0.22 mg/kg of body weight per day for acute (reversible) effects in dogs in a short-term (4- week) study conducted as an adjunct to a 13-week study in which inhibition of erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase activity was observed, and using an uncertainty factor of 100 Limit of detection 0.1 mg/litre by GC with a nitrogen–phosphorus detector; 0.9 mg/litre by reverse-phase HPLC with a fluorescence detector Treatment achievability 1 mg/litre should be achievable using GAC Guideline derivation • allocation to water 10% of ADI • weight 60-kg adult • consumption 2 litres/day Additional comments Use of a 4-week study was considered appropriate because the NOAEL is based on a reversible acute effect; the NOAEL will also be protective for chronic effects. -
Carbamate Pesticides Aldicarb Aldicarb Sulfoxide Aldicarb Sulfone
Connecticut General Statutes Sec 19a-29a requires the Commissioner of Public Health to annually publish a list setting forth all analytes and matrices for which certification for testing is required. Connecticut ELCP Drinking Water Analytes Revised 05/31/2018 Microbiology Total Coliforms Fecal Coliforms/ E. Coli Carbamate Pesticides Legionella Aldicarb Cryptosporidium Aldicarb Sulfoxide Giardia Aldicarb Sulfone Carbaryl Physicals Carbofuran Turbidity 3-Hydroxycarbofuran pH Methomyl Conductivity Oxamyl (Vydate) Minerals Chlorinated Herbicides Alkalinity, as CaCO3 2,4-D Bromide Dalapon Chloride Dicamba Chlorine, free residual Dinoseb Chlorine, total residual Endothall Fluoride Picloram Hardness, Calcium as Pentachlorophenol CaCO3 Hardness, Total as CaCO3 Silica Chlorinated Pesticides/PCB's Sulfate Aldrin Chlordane (Technical) Nutrients Dieldrin Endrin Ammonia Heptachlor Nitrate Heptachlor Epoxide Nitrite Lindane (gamma-BHC) o-Phosphate Metolachlor Total Phosphorus Methoxychlor PCB's (individual aroclors) Note 1 PCB's (as decachlorobiphenyl) Note 1 Demands Toxaphene TOC Nitrogen-Phosphorus Compounds Alachlor Metals Atrazine Aluminum Butachlor Antimony Diquat Arsenic Glyphosate Barium Metribuzin Beryllium Paraquat Boron Propachlor Cadmium Simazine Calcium Chromium Copper SVOC's Iron Benzo(a)pyrene Lead bis-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate Magnesium bis-(ethylhexyl)adipate Manganese Hexachlorobenzene Mercury Hexachlorocyclopentadiene Molybdenum Nickel Potassium Miscellaneous Organics Selenium Dibromochloropropane (DBCP) Silver Ethylene Dibromide (EDB) -
United States Patent (113,607,865
United States Patent (113,607,865 (72) Inventors John Dyer (56) References Cited Media; UNITED STATES PATENTS Lyle H. Phifer, West Chester, both of Pa. 2,694,723 l l 11954 Schramm ..................... 260/455 B 2l Appl. No. 732,551 2,761,247 9/1956 Meadows.... a 260/216 22 Filed May 28, 1968 2,825,655 3/1958 Meadows..................... 260/216 45) Patented Sept. 21, 1971 2,910,466 101959 Watt............................. 260/216 73) Assignee FMC Corporation Philadelphia, Pa. 3.141023,103,507 9/19637/1964 O'Boyle...Knoevenagel. 260/234 Primary Examiner-Lewis Gotts (54) PREPARATION OFXANTHATES Assistant Examiner-Johnnie R. Brown 10 Claims, No Drawings Attorneys-Thomas R. O'Malley, George F. Mueller and Robert G. Hoffmann 52) U.S.C........................................................ 260/234 R, 260/26, 260/455 B 51 int. Cl......................................................... C07c69132 ABSTRACT: A method of forming alcohol xanthates utilizing 50 Field of Search............................................ 260/455 B, a transXanthation reaction between an alcohol xanthate and 234,216 an alcohol, is disclosed herein. 3,607,865 PREPARATION OFXANTHATES erythritol Alcohol xanthic acids and their derivatives are known to be sorbital useful for a variety of applications including mineral flotation glucose agents, sulfidizing agents, rubber vulcanization accelerators, mannitol adhesives and as intermediates in the preparation of shaped 2-methoxyethanol articles, for example, regenerated cellulose fibers and films. 2-ethoxyethanol In general, alcohol xanthates have been derived by reacting 2-butoxyethanol carbon disulfide with simple and complex alcohols under al diethyleneglycol ethylether kaline conditions. Reactions of this type have been known for polyethylene glycols many years and may be seen, for example, in many prior U.S. -
An Improved Method for BTEX Extraction From
Analytical Methods Accepted Manuscript This is an Accepted Manuscript, which has been through the Royal Society of Chemistry peer review process and has been accepted for publication. Accepted Manuscripts are published online shortly after acceptance, before technical editing, formatting and proof reading. Using this free service, authors can make their results available to the community, in citable form, before we publish the edited article. We will replace this Accepted Manuscript with the edited and formatted Advance Article as soon as it is available. You can find more information about Accepted Manuscripts in the Information for Authors. Please note that technical editing may introduce minor changes to the text and/or graphics, which may alter content. The journal’s standard Terms & Conditions and the Ethical guidelines still apply. In no event shall the Royal Society of Chemistry be held responsible for any errors or omissions in this Accepted Manuscript or any consequences arising from the use of any information it contains. www.rsc.org/methods Page 1 of 6 Analytical Methods 1 2 Analytical Methods RSC Publishing 3 4 5 TECHNICAL NOTE 6 7 8 9 An improved method for BTEX extraction from 10 charcoal 11 Cite this: DOI: 10.1039/x0xx00000x 12 13 Raffaele Cucciniello a, Antonio Proto a,*, Federico Rossi a, Nadia 14 b c 15 Marchettini , Oriana Motta Received 00th January 2015, 16 Accepted 00th January 2015 17 Abstract In this paper we propose a simple procedure for the extraction of BTEX (benzene, 18 DOI: 10.1039/x0xx00000x toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes) from activated charcoal. For this purpose synthetic samples 19 www.rsc.org/ were prepared in laboratory and real samples were collected in a polluted environment using 20 21 passive sampling. -
Rapid HPLC Determination of Carbofuran and Carbaryl in Tap and Environmental Waters Using On-Line SPE
Application Update: 186 Rapid HPLC Determination of Carbofuran and Carbaryl in Tap and Environmental Waters Using On-Line SPE Xu Qun1 and Jeff Rohrer2 1Shanghai, Peoples Republic of China; 2Sunnyvale, CA, USA Introduction Method detection limits (MDLs) of the two Key Words N-methylcarbamates are widely used agricultural compounds were both ≤ 0.062 μg/L, which is lower than pesticides. Reversed-phase high-performance liquid the MDLs reported in EPA Method 8318 (2.0 μg/L for • Carbamates chromatography (RP-HPLC) with fluorescence detection carbofuran and 1.7 μg/L for carbaryl), and in the standard • U.S. EPA following postcolumn derivatization, per EPA Methods method enacted by the Chinese government (7 μg/L 531.2 and 8318,1,2 is the method typically used for the for carbofuran).5 The MDLs were also similar to those • Pesticides sensitive determination of carbamates. Thermo Scientific reported in EPA Method 531.2 (0.058 μg/L for carbofuran • Drinking Water has published a detailed method3,4 that is consistent with and 0.068 μg/L for carbaryl). The MDL for carbofuran is the EPA methods. When an HPLC with UV absorbance well under the 40 μg/L maximum allowable concentration • SolEx HRP detection method is used, a sample preparation in U.S. drinking water,6 and meets the general rule for • RSLC procedure—either liquid-liquid extraction or off-line pesticides in drinking water (98/83/EC) published by the solid-phase extraction (SPE)—is required to increase the European Union (the maximum admissible concentration detection sensitivity. However, these procedures are time- of each individual pesticide component is 0.1 μg/L).7 consuming, require large volumes of organic solvents, and Therefore this method would be universally appropriate are deficient in terms of process control. -
Argonne Report.Pdf
CONTENTS NOTATION ........................................................................................................................... xi ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................... 1 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 5 1.1 Overview of the Emergency Response Guidebook ................................................ 5 1.2 Organization of this Report ..................................................................................... 7 2 GENERAL METHODOLOGY ....................................................................................... 9 2.1 TIH List ................................................................................................................... 10 2.1.1 Background ................................................................................................. 10 2.1.2 Changes in the TIH List for the ERG2012 ................................................. 11 2.2 Shipment and Release Scenarios ............................................................................ 11 2.2.1 Shipment Profiles ........................................................................................ 12 2.2.2 Treatment of Chemical Agents ................................................................... 14 2.3 Generics, Mixtures, and Solutions .......................................................................... 17 2.4 Analysis of Water-Reactive -
Chemical Name Federal P Code CAS Registry Number Acutely
Acutely / Extremely Hazardous Waste List Federal P CAS Registry Acutely / Extremely Chemical Name Code Number Hazardous 4,7-Methano-1H-indene, 1,4,5,6,7,8,8-heptachloro-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro- P059 76-44-8 Acutely Hazardous 6,9-Methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepin, 6,7,8,9,10,10- hexachloro-1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-, 3-oxide P050 115-29-7 Acutely Hazardous Methanimidamide, N,N-dimethyl-N'-[2-methyl-4-[[(methylamino)carbonyl]oxy]phenyl]- P197 17702-57-7 Acutely Hazardous 1-(o-Chlorophenyl)thiourea P026 5344-82-1 Acutely Hazardous 1-(o-Chlorophenyl)thiourea 5344-82-1 Extremely Hazardous 1,1,1-Trichloro-2, -bis(p-methoxyphenyl)ethane Extremely Hazardous 1,1a,2,2,3,3a,4,5,5,5a,5b,6-Dodecachlorooctahydro-1,3,4-metheno-1H-cyclobuta (cd) pentalene, Dechlorane Extremely Hazardous 1,1a,3,3a,4,5,5,5a,5b,6-Decachloro--octahydro-1,2,4-metheno-2H-cyclobuta (cd) pentalen-2- one, chlorecone Extremely Hazardous 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine 57-14-7 Extremely Hazardous 1,2,3,4,10,10-Hexachloro-6,7-epoxy-1,4,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-1,4-endo-endo-5,8- dimethanonaph-thalene Extremely Hazardous 1,2,3-Propanetriol, trinitrate P081 55-63-0 Acutely Hazardous 1,2,3-Propanetriol, trinitrate 55-63-0 Extremely Hazardous 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,8-Octachloro-4,7-methano-3a,4,7,7a-tetra- hydro- indane Extremely Hazardous 1,2-Benzenediol, 4-[1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]- 51-43-4 Extremely Hazardous 1,2-Benzenediol, 4-[1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]-, P042 51-43-4 Acutely Hazardous 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane 96-12-8 Extremely Hazardous 1,2-Propylenimine P067 75-55-8 Acutely Hazardous 1,2-Propylenimine 75-55-8 Extremely Hazardous 1,3,4,5,6,7,8,8-Octachloro-1,3,3a,4,7,7a-hexahydro-4,7-methanoisobenzofuran Extremely Hazardous 1,3-Dithiolane-2-carboxaldehyde, 2,4-dimethyl-, O- [(methylamino)-carbonyl]oxime 26419-73-8 Extremely Hazardous 1,3-Dithiolane-2-carboxaldehyde, 2,4-dimethyl-, O- [(methylamino)-carbonyl]oxime. -
1997-11-12 Carbon Disulfide As Federal Hazardous Air Pollutant
CARBON DISULFIDE Carbon disulfide is a federal hazardous air pollutant and was identified as a toxic air contaminant in April 1993 under AB 2728. CAS Registry Number: 75-15-0 CS2 Molecular Formula: CS2 Carbon disulfide is a highly refractive, mobile, and very flammable liquid. The purest distillates have a sweet odor. However, the usual commercial and reagent grades of carbon disulfide are foul smelling. It burns with a blue flame to form carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide. Liquid carbon disulfide will attack some forms of plastics, rubber, and coatings but is non- corrosive to most commercial structural materials at ordinary temperatures. It is miscible in water, alcohol, oils, chloroform, and ether (Merck, 1989). Physical Properties of Carbon Disulfide Synonyms: carbon bisulfide; carbon disulphide; carbon sulfide; sulphocarbonic anhydride; sulphuret of carbon; dithiocarbonic anhydride Molecular Weight: 76.14 Boiling Point: 46.5 oC Melting Point: -111.5 oC Vapor Density: 2.67 (air =1) Flash Point: -30 oC (closed cup) Density/Specific Gravity: 1.2632 at 20/4 oC (water = 1) Critical Temperature: 280 oC Vapor Pressure: 297 mm Hg at 20 oC Log Octanol/Water Partition Coefficient: 1.70 - 4.16 Conversion Factor: 1 ppm = 3.11 mg/m3 (Howard, 1990; HSDB, 1991; Merck, 1989; U.S. EPA, 1994a) SOURCES AND EMISSIONS A. Sources Carbon disulfide is used in the preparation of rayon viscose fibers, and as a solvent for lipids, phosphorus, sulfur, selenium, bromine, iodine, rubber, resins, and waxes (Proctor et al, 1991). Carbon disulfide is also used in the manufacture of carbon tetrachloride, cellophane, flotation Toxic Air Contaminant Identification List Summaries - ARB/SSD/SES September 1997 193 Carbon Disulfide agents, xanthogenates, and numerous other chemicals (HSDB, 1991; Sax, 1987). -
Measurement Technique for the Determination of Photolyzable
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 102, NO. D13, PAGES 15,999-16,004,JULY 20, 1997 Measurement techniquefor the determination of photolyzable chlorine and bromine in the atmosphere G. A. Impey,P. B. Shepson,• D. R. Hastie,L. A. Bartie• Departmentof Chemistryand Centre for AtmosphericChemistry, York University,Toronto, Ontario, Canada Abstract. A techniquehas been developed to enablemeasurement of photolyzablechlorine and bromineat tracelevels in the troposphere.In thismethod, ambient air is drawnt•ough a cylindricalflow cell, whichis irradiatedwith a Xe arc lamp. In the reactionvessel of the photoactivehalogen detector (PHD), photolyrically active molecules Clp (including C12, HOC1, C1NO,C1NO2, and C1ONO2) and Brp (including Br2, HOBr, BrNO, BrNO2, and BrONO2) are photolyzed,and the halogenatoms produced react with properieto form stablehalogenated products.These products are thensampled and subsequently separated and detected by gas chromatography.The systemis calibratedusing low concentrationmixtures of C12and Br2 in air from commerciallyavailable permeation sources. We obtaineddetection limits of 4 pptv and 9 pptv as Br2 andC12, respectively, for 36 L samples. 1. Introduction (or C12)in the Arctic, largely as a result of the lack of suitable analyticalmethodologies. This paperreports the developmentof The episodicdestruction of groundlevel ozonein the Arctic at a measurementtechnique for the determinationof rapidly sunriseis a phenomenonthat hasbeen observed for many years. photolyzingchlorine (referred to hereas Clp) and bromine (Brp) With the onsetof polar sunrise,ozone levels are often observed speciesat pansper trillion by volume(pptv) mixingratios in the to drop from a backgroundconcentration of •40 ppbv to almost atmosphere.Impey et al. [this issue]discuss the resultsobserved zero on a timescaleof a day or less [Barrie et al., 1988] for from a field studyconducted in the Canadianhigh Arctic at Alert, periodsof 1-10 days. -
Carbonyl Sulfide, Dimethyl Sulfide and Carbon Disulfide In
Atmospheric Environment 44 (2010) 3805e3813 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Atmospheric Environment journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/atmosenv Carbonyl sulfide, dimethyl sulfide and carbon disulfide in the Pearl River Delta of southern China: Impact of anthropogenic and biogenic sources H. Guo a,*, I.J. Simpson b, A.J. Ding c,T.Wanga, S.M. Saunders d, T.J. Wang c, H.R. Cheng a, B. Barletta b, S. Meinardi b, D.R. Blake b, F.S. Rowland b a Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong b Department of Chemistry, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, USA c School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, China d School of Biomedical, Biomolecular and Chemical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia article info abstract Article history: Reduced sulfur compounds (RSCs) such as carbonyl sulfide (OCS), dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and carbon Received 28 October 2009 disulfide (CS2) impact radiative forcing, ozone depletion, and acid rain. Although Asia is a large source of Received in revised form these compounds, until now a long-term study of their emission patterns has not been carried out. Here 19 June 2010 we analyze 16 months of RSC data measured at a polluted rural/coastal site in the greater Pearl River Accepted 22 June 2010 Delta (PRD) of southern China. A total of 188 canister air samples were collected from August 2001 to December 2002. The OCS and CS2 mixing ratios within these samples were higher in autumn/winter and Keywords: lower in summer due to the influence of Asian monsoon circulations. -
Acutely Hazardous Waste List
ACUTELY HAZARDOUS WASTE P011 1303–28–2 Arsenic pentoxide P012 1327–53–3 Arsenic trioxide The following materials, when a waste, are specifically listed in P038 692–42–2 Arsine, diethyl- 40 CFR 261.33 as Acutely Hazardous Wastes, when they are the only active ingredient, and are unused/unaltered. Also, P036 696–28–6 Arsonous dichloride, phenyl- certain solvent mixtures (of at least 10%) containing dioxin are P054 151–56–4 Aziridine Acutely hazardous wastes. P067 75–55–8 Aziridine, 2-methyl- P013 542–62–1 Barium cyanide The primary hazardous property(ies) of these materials are P024 106–47–8 Benzenamine, 4-chloro- indicated by the letters T (Toxicity), R (Reactivity), I (Ignitability) and C (Corrosivity). Absence of a letter indicates that the P077 100–01–6 Benzenamine, 4-nitro- compound is only listed for toxicity. P028 100–44–7 Benzene, (chloromethyl)- 1,2-Benzenediol, 4-[1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]-, P042 51–43–4 The list was last updated on 10/30/08. (R)- P046 122–09–8 Benzeneethanamine, alpha,alpha-dimethyl- Haz P014 108–98–5 Benzenethiol waste CAS Material 7-Benzofuranol, 2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-, No. P127 1563–66–2 methylcarbamate. P023 107–20–0 Acetaldehyde, chloro- Benzoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, compd. with (3aS-cis)- P002 591–08–2 Acetamide, N-(aminothioxomethyl)- P188 57–64–7 1,2,3,3a,8,8a-hexahydro-1,3a,8-trimethylpyrrolo[2,3- P057 640–19–7 Acetamide, 2-fluoro- b]indol-5-yl methylcarbamate ester (1:1). P058 62–74–8 Acetic acid, fluoro-, sodium salt 2H-1-Benzopyran-2-one, 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1- 1 P002 591–08–2 1-Acetyl-2-thiourea P001 81–81–2 phenylbutyl)-, & salts, when present at concentrations greater than 0.3% P003 107–02–8 Acrolein P028 100–44–7 Benzyl chloride P070 116–06–3 Aldicarb P015 7440–41–7 Beryllium powder P203 1646–88–4 Aldicarb sulfone.