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Pustaka-Indo.Blogspot.Com pustaka-indo.blogspot.com iii SULUK MALANG SUNGSANG Konflik dan Penyimpangan Ajaran Syaikh Siti Jenar Buku 7 pustaka-indo.blogspot.com i Suluk Malang Sungsang pustaka-indo.blogspot.com ii pustaka-indo.blogspot.com iii Suluk Malang Sungsang SULUK MALANG SUNGSANG Konflik dan Penyimpangan Ajaran Syaikh Siti Jenar Agus Sunyoto © Agus Sunyoto, 2005 dan Pustaka Sastra, 2005 xii + 714 halaman; 12 x 18 cm 1. Syaikh Siti Jenar 2. Ajaran Syaikh Siti Jenar 3. Kematian Syaikh Siti Jenar 4. Kerajaan Islam ISBN: 979-8451-36-8 Editor: Retno Suffatni Rancang sampul: Haitami el-Jaid Setting/layout: Santo Penerbit dan Distribusi: Pustaka Sastra LKiS Yogyakarta Salakan Baru No. 1 Sewon Bantul Jl. Parangtritis Km. 4,4 Yogyakarta Telp.: (0274) 387194pustaka-indo.blogspot.com Faks.: (0274) 379430 http://www.lkis.co.id e-mail: [email protected] Cetakan I: Juli 2005 Cetakan II: Maret 2006 Cetakan III: April 2011 Percetakan: PT LKiS Printing Cemerlang Salakan Baru No. 3 Sewon Bantul Jl. Parangtritis Km. 4,4 Yogyakarta Telp.: (0274) 7472110, 417762 e-mail: [email protected] iv Pengantar Redaksi Menulis sebuah riwayat tersohor yang telah melekat di benak orang dengan menggunakan sudut pandang yang lain dari yang selama ini ada, tentu saja memerlukan keberanian dan ketahanan. Dikatakan “berani” karena penulisnya membalikkan kisah-kisah yang cenderung mendiskreditkan sanga tokoh, dengan menyodorkan kejutan demi kejutan sehingga tampak- lah bahwa tokoh utama yang terlanjur terkenal dengan cap “penyebar ajaran sesat” itu ternyata adalah manusia mulia kekasih Tuhan. Sedangkan dikatakan pustaka-indo.blogspot.com perlu ketahanan karena si penulis harus mencari dan membaca rujukan-rujukan dari berbagai sumber lain. Pada halaman akhir buku ini kita dapat melihat se- deretan sumber yang menjadikan kisah ini tidaklah bisa kita sebut sekadar “dongengan”. Syaikh Siti Jenar, dialah tokoh fenomenal yang sejak dulu hingga kini tak henti ditulis orang. Sosok- nya begitu berselimut misteri. Setiap orang ingin tahu kisah hidupnya, ajaran-ajarannya, “kesesatannya”(?), dan tentu saja akhir hidupnya yang kontroversial. v Suluk Malang Sungsang Sejak Mei 2003, ketika kami mulai menerbitkan buku pertama berjudul Suluk Abdul Jalil: Perjalanan Ruhani Syaikh Siti Jenar, buku tersebut mendapat sambutan yang luar biasa dari para pembaca. Buku yang sekarang ada di hadapan kita ini adalah seri penutup dari trilogi yang kami pecah menjadi tujuh buku. Inilah buku paling tebal, paling lama peng- garapannya, dan paling banyak halangannya. Ini men- jadikan buku ini baru bisa hadir setelah sekian lama jeda. Sekadar untuk menyegarkan ingatan kita, trilogi buku ini menceritakan babak-babak perjalanan ruhani Syaikh Siti Jenar. Trilogi pertama dari buku satu dan dua dengan detil mengisahkan perjalanan ruhani yang ditempuh seorang salik (Abdul Jalil alias Syaikh Siti Jenar) untuk mencapai maqam yang tinggi, yakni menjadi orang yangpustaka-indo.blogspot.com dekat dengan-Nya. Dalam buku satu dan dua itu diceritakan betapa berat perjalanan yang harus ditempuh Syaikh Siti Jenar untuk sampai pada maqam tertinggi itu. Ia harus melewati tujuh Lembah Kasal, tujuh Jurang Futur, tujuh Gurun Malal, tujuh Gunung Riya’, tujuh Rimba Sum’ah, tujuh Samudera ‘Ujub, dan tujuh Benteng Hajbun. Trilogi kedua yang dikemas dalam buku ketiga, empat, dan lima yang berjudul Sang Pembaharu: Perjuangan dan Ajaran Syaikh Siti Jenar menjabarkan pembaharuan-pembaharuan yang digagas oleh Syaikh vi Pengantar Redaksi Siti Jenar, yang juga bergelar Syaikh Lemah Abang. Gagasan utama dari buku ketiga, empat, dan lima ini adalah upaya Syaikh Lemah Abang untuk mem- bangkitkan kesadaran di dalam diri rakyat jelata bahwa mereka bukanlah budak dari penguasa. Mereka adalah diri yang merdeka. Diri yang bisa melampaui tingkatan hewan - manusia hewan - manusia - adimanusia. “… Sejak manusia lahir ke dunia yang fana ini, tiap-tiap pribadi memiliki fitrah keagungan dan kemuliaan sebagai makhluk paling sempurna keturunan Adam. Sebagai makhluk paling sempurna yang disebut adimanusia (insan kamil). Kalian semua diciptakan oleh Allah dengan maksud dijadikan wakil-Nya di muka bumi (khalîfah Allah fî al-ardh).” (Sang Pembaharu, buku lima, hlm 81). Di dalam trilogi kedua itu kita juga bisa melihat bagaimana Syaikhpustaka-indo.blogspot.com Siti Jenar merombak sistem raja- kawula atau gusti-kawula menjadi sistem kemasya- rakatan yang ia sebut sebagai masyarakat ummah, yang terdiri atas kabilah sebagai satuan terkecil, kemudian nagari, dan lalu masyarakat ummah. Ber- dasarkan konsep masyarakat ummah itu, penentuan pemimpin masing-masing tingkatan itu tidak didasarkan atas keturunan, akan tetapi dipilih oleh sahabat-sahabat yang mengasihinya. Ukuran seorang pemimpin adalah memiliki derajat ruhani lebih tinggi dibandingkan manusia lainnya. Ia haruslah orang vii Suluk Malang Sungsang yang mempunyai keterikatan paling rendah terhadap kebendaan dan pengumbaran nafsu. Sistem kemasya- rakatan ini sebenarnya diadopsi dari sistem kemasya- rakatan Nabi Muhammad Saw. Dari sini kita bisa paham mengapa Syaikh Siti Jenar kemudian dimusuhi banyak pihak. Yang jelas, dengan gagasan Syaikh Siti Jenar ini, para raja dan bangsawan merasa terancam kedudukannya, penga- ruh kekuasaan mereka otomatis berkurang. Lalu, para pejabat di bawah raja hingga para kepala desa ke- hilangan sumber pendapatan mereka dari sewa tanah yang tadinya merupakan satu paket dengan konsep gusti-kawula. Sebab, sistem masyarakat baru yang di- kembangkan Syaikh Siti Jenar tidak mengenal sewa tanah. Setiap warga berhak memiliki harta benda, termasuk sepetak tanah. Adapun trilogipustaka-indo.blogspot.com ketiga (buku keenam dan ketujuh), yang berjudul Suluk Malang Sungsang: Konflik dan Penyimpangan Ajaran Syaikh Siti Jenar, berisi tentang jawaban atas berbagai teka-teki dan juga misteri yang menyelimuti tokoh agung Syaikh Siti Jenar. Sesuai dengan judulnya, di dalam buku keenam dan terutama pada buku ketujuh, kita akan melihat bagaimana orang-orang yang tidak senang dan menaruh dendam kepada Syaikh Siti Jenar melakukan penjungkirbalikan terhadap ajaran-ajaran yang selama ini didakwahkan oleh Sang Syaikh. Dua tokoh yang mengaku sebagai viii Pengantar Redaksi Syaikh Siti Jenar, yakni Hasan Ali dan gurunya, San Ali Anshar, mengajarkan jalan ruhani (suluk) yang justru merusak tatanan yang telah dibangun oleh Syaikh Siti Jenar. Bahkan tindakan mereka telah banyak menyesatkan umat manusia. Oleh karena itu, ajaran Hasan Ali dan San Ali Anshar ini kemudian dijuluki sebagai Suluk Malang Sungsang, ajaran perjalanan ruhani (tarekat) yang mengakibatkan sang salik (pencari kebenaran) makin terhijab (tertutup) dan ter- jungkir kiblatnya dari Kebenaran Sejati yang ingin dituju. Pada buku ketujuh ini, kita juga akan menemu- kan jawaban tentang akhir dari perjalanan hidup Syaikh Siti Jenar. Buku ketujuh ini sekaligus menjawab tentang kesimpangsiuran informasi tentang kematian Syaikh Siti Jenar. Informasi yang menyatakan bahwa Syaikh Siti Jenarpustaka-indo.blogspot.com dibunuh oleh Dewan Walisongo di Masjid Demak terbukti tidaklah benar. Justru Hasan Ali dan San Ali Anshar–dua tokoh yang mengaku sebagai Syaikh Siti Jenar, yang menyebarkan ajaran sesat–itulah yang dibunuh. Dengan hadirnya buku ketujuh ini, maka lengkap- lah sudah seri buku “Syaikh Siti Jenar”. Dan, dengan demikian, terjawablah sudah seluruh teka-teki dan misteri yang menyelimuti tokoh agung Syaikh Siti Jenar; mulai dari asal usul, perjuangan, ajaran ruhani, hingga akhir dari perjalanan hidupnya. Kami meng- ix Suluk Malang Sungsang ucapkan banyak terima kasih kepada Mas Agus Sunyoto, yang telah merampungkan karya “besar” ini dengan penuh kesabaran dan ketabahan dalam meng- hadapi segala tantangan dan cobaan. Kepada pembaca yang budiman, kami sampaikan Selamat Membaca. pustaka-indo.blogspot.com x Daftar Isi Pengantar Redaksi Z v Daftar Isi Z xi Cambuk Peringatan Tuhan Z 1 Mezbah persembahan Baru Z 31 Al-Maratib al-Wujûd Z 69 Tengara Murka Tuhan Z 109 Kue Appam dan Orang-Orang Takut Z 143 Dicekam Bayang-Bayang Musuh Z 167 Taj dan Khitqah Sufi Z 189 pustaka-indo.blogspot.com Bemula dari Kemenangan Tak Terduga Z 211 Berbagi Keberlebih-Kelimpahan Z 243 Syaikh Jabarantas Z 267 Serpihan-Serpihan Manusia Z 291 Syaikh Siti Jenar Z 323 Al-Fard Z 355 Citra Bayangan Sang Maut Z 377 Dua Penguasa Berebut Kuasa Z 393 Tiupan Badai Kematian Z 411 Wejangan Terakhir Z 435 xi Suluk Malang Sungsang Buah Dalima dan Makna-Makna Z 457 Keterlepasan Ikatan-Ikatan Citra Diri Z 483 Keterlepasan Nafs-Nafs Z 503 Makna Rahasia di Balik Nafs Z 523 Bayangan-Bayangan Kusam Z 547 Suluk Malang Sungsang Z 567 Titah Sang Naga Hitam Z 581 Perangkap Patih Mahodara Z 607 Geliat Sang Naga Hitam Z 627 Bangkit! Maju! Berkuasa! Z 649 Sang Suwung Z 673 Kepustakaan Z 687 Biodata Penulis Z 713 pustaka-indo.blogspot.com xii Cambuk Peringatan Tuhan elimut keremangan malam telah disingkapkan Soleh fajar gemilang yang terbit dari balik pegunungan Nilgiri yang memunggungi Kozhikode. Gemerisik daun-daun kelapa terdengar lembut dibawa embusan angin yang bertiup dari laut. Kumbang- kumbang beterbangan di tengah embun yang terangkat ke angkasa. Burung-burung berkicau sambil berlompatan di balik rimbun pepohonan. Kokok ayam hutan terdengar nyaring membelah kehening- an pagi. Suasanapustaka-indo.blogspot.com pagi di pinggiran Kozhikode terasa sejuk dan riang, meski sisa-sisa kabut tipis masih terlihat di permukaan tanah. Agak berbeda dengan suasana di pinggiran kota, di kawasan perkampungan Kozhikode yang menuju arah pusat kota suasana pagi yang sejuk dan riang itu tidak lagi terasa. Dengung kumbang,
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