DOCSLIB.ORG

Understanding 7 Understanding Body Composition

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Understanding 7 Understanding Body Composition PowerPoint ® Lecture Outlines 7 Understanding Body Composition Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Objectives • Define body composition . • Explain why the assessment of body size, shape, and composition is useful. • Explain how to perform assessments of body size, shape, and composition. • Evaluate your personal body weight, size, shape, and composition. • Set goals for a healthy body fat percentage. • Plan for regular monitoring of your body weight, size, shape, and composition. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Body Composition Concepts • Body Composition The relative amounts of lean tissue and fat tissue in your body. • Lean Body Mass Your body’s total amount of lean/fat-free tissue (muscles, bones, skin, organs, body fluids). • Fat Mass Body mass made up of fat tissue. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Body Composition Concepts • Percent Body Fat The percentage of your total weight that is fat tissue (weight of fat divided by total body weight). • Essential Fat Fat necessary for normal body functioning (including in the brain, muscles, nerves, lungs, heart, and digestive and reproductive systems). • Storage Fat Nonessential fat stored in tissue near the body’s surface. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Why Body Size, Shape, and Composition Matter Knowing body composition can help assess health risks. • More people are now overweight or obese. • Estimates of body composition provide useful information for determining disease risks. Evaluating body size and shape can motivate healthy behavior change. • Changes in body size and shape can be more useful measures of progress than body weight. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Body Composition for Men and Women Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. How to Evaluate Body Size and Shape • Calculate your body mass index (BMI). • BMI: A common measurement to assess disease risks. • Understand the limits of BMI: Scores do not differentiate between fat and lean body mass. • Measure your body circumference: Use waist and hip measurements to determine your waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Estimating BMI Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. BMI and Health Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. How to Evaluate Body Size and Shape Identify your body’s patterns of fat distribution. Android Pattern • “Apple” shaped • Excess body fat on upper body and trunk • Associated with greater disease risk Gynoid Pattern • “Pear” shaped • Excess fat mainly on lower body (hips and thighs) Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Android and Gynoid Body Fat Distribution Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Assessing Body Composition Skinfold Measurements • Use calipers to measure skinfold thickness. • Accurate assessments require experience and practice. Dual -Energy X -Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) • The “gold standard” for assessing body composition. • Uses low-radiation x-rays to distinguish body components. Hydrostatic Weighing (Underwater Weighing) • Requires an equipped facility. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Assessing Body Composition Air Displacement (Bod Pod) • Measures total body air displacement. • Used with other measures for a full assessment. Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) • Measures resistance of tissues to electrical currents. • Accuracy depends on machine quality and participant cooperation. Estimates from Circumferences or BMI • Provide rough estimates. • Can provide a starting point for weight management. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Evaluating or Changing Your Body Composition • Determine if your percent body fat is within a healthy range. • Set reasonable goals. • Follow a well-designed exercise and nutrition plan. • Regularly monitor your body size, shape, and composition. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Evaluating or Changing Your Body Composition Weekly • Assess your body shape and size (use indicators such as a mirror and the fit of your clothes). • Assess your weight. Monthly or Every Few Months • Measure your body’s circumferences. • Measure your BMI. • Measure your percent body fat. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc..
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Body Fat Percentage, Body Mass Index, Fat Mass Index and the Ageing Bone: Their Singular and Combined Roles Linked to Physical Activity and Diet
    nutrients Article Body Fat Percentage, Body Mass Index, Fat Mass Index and the Ageing Bone: Their Singular and Combined Roles Linked to Physical Activity and Diet David J. Tomlinson 1,* , Robert M. Erskine 2,3 , Christopher I. Morse 1 and Gladys L. Onambélé 1 1 Musculoskeletal Sciences and Sport Medicine Research Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University, Crewe CW1 5DU, UK; [email protected] (C.I.M.); [email protected] (G.L.O.) 2 Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK; [email protected] 3 Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, University College London, London W1T 7HA, UK * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +44-(0)161-247-5590 Received: 12 December 2018; Accepted: 16 January 2019; Published: 18 January 2019 Abstract: This study took a multi-analytical approach including group differences, correlations and unit-weighed directional z-score comparisons to identify the key mediators of bone health. A total of 190 participants (18–80 years) were categorized by body fat%, body mass index (BMI) and fat mass index (FMI) to examine the effect of differing obesity criteria on bone characteristics. A subset of 50 healthy-eating middle-to-older aged adults (44–80 years) was randomly selected to examine any added impact of lifestyle and inflammatory profiles. Diet was assessed using a 3-day food diary, bone mineral density (BMD) and content (BMC) by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry in the lumbar, thoracic, (upper and lower) appendicular and pelvic areas. Physical activity was assessed using the Baecke questionnaire, and endocrine profiling was assessed using multiplex luminometry.
    [Show full text]
  • Role of Body Fat and Body Shape on Judgment of Female Health and Attractiveness: an Evolutionary Perspective
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE Psychological Topics 15 (2006), 2, 331-350 Original Scientific Article – UDC 159.9.015.7.072 572.51-055.2 Role of Body Fat and Body Shape on Judgment of Female Health and Attractiveness: An Evolutionary Perspective Devendra Singh University of Texas at Austin Department of Psychology Dorian Singh Oxford University Department of Social Policy and Social Work Abstract The main aim of this paper is to present an evolutionary perspective for why women’s attractiveness is assigned a great importance in practically all human societies. We present the data that the woman’s body shape, or hourglass figure as defined by the size of waist-to-hip-ratio (WHR), reliably conveys information about a woman’s age, fertility, and health and that systematic variation in women’s WHR invokes systematic changes in attractiveness judgment by participants both in Western and non-Western societies. We also present evidence that attractiveness judgments based on the size of WHR are not artifact of body weight reduction. Then we present cross-cultural and historical data which attest to the universal appeal of WHR. We conclude that the current trend of describing attractiveness solely on the basis of body weight presents an incomplete, and perhaps inaccurate, picture of women’s attractiveness. “... the buttocks are full but her waist is narrow ... the one for who[m] the sun shines ...” (From the tomb of Nefertari, the favorite wife of Ramses II, second millennium B.C.E.) “... By her magic powers she assumed the form of a beautiful woman ..
    [Show full text]
  • Relationship Between Body Image and Body Weight Control in Overweight ≥55-Year-Old Adults: a Systematic Review
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Review Relationship between Body Image and Body Weight Control in Overweight ≥55-Year-Old Adults: A Systematic Review Cristina Bouzas , Maria del Mar Bibiloni and Josep A. Tur * Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands & CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition CB12/03/30038), E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; [email protected] (C.B.); [email protected] (M.d.M.B.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +34-971-1731; Fax: +34-971-173184 Received: 21 March 2019; Accepted: 7 May 2019; Published: 9 May 2019 Abstract: Objective: To assess the scientific evidence on the relationship between body image and body weight control in overweight 55-year-old adults. Methods: The literature search was conducted ≥ on MEDLINE database via PubMed, using terms related to body image, weight control and body composition. Inclusion criteria were scientific papers, written in English or Spanish, made on older adults. Exclusion criteria were eating and psychological disorders, low sample size, cancer, severe diseases, physiological disorders other than metabolic syndrome, and bariatric surgery. Results: Fifty-seven studies were included. Only thirteen were conducted exclusively among 55-year-old ≥ adults or performed analysis adjusted by age. Overweight perception was related to spontaneous weight management, which usually concerned dieting and exercising. More men than women showed over-perception of body image. Ethnics showed different satisfaction level with body weight. As age increases, conformism with body shape, as well as expectations concerning body weight decrease. Misperception and dissatisfaction with body weight are risk factors for participating in an unhealthy lifestyle and make it harder to follow a healthier lifestyle.
    [Show full text]
  • Refining the Abdominoplasty for Better Patient Outcomes
    Refining the Abdominoplasty for Better Patient Outcomes Karol A Gutowski, MD, FACS Private Practice University of Illinois & University of Chicago Refinements • 360o assessment & treatment • Expanded BMI inclusion • Lipo-abdominoplasty • Low scar • Long scar • Monsplasty • No “dog ears” • No drains • Repurpose the fat • Rapid recovery protocols (ERAS) What I Do and Don’t Do • “Standard” Abdominoplasty is (almost) dead – Does not treat the entire trunk – Fat not properly addressed – Problems with lateral trunk contouring – Do it 1% of cases • Solution: 360o Lipo-Abdominoplasty – Addresses entire trunk and flanks – No Drains & Rapid Recovery Techniques Patient Happy, I’m Not The Problem: Too Many Dog Ears! Thanks RealSelf! Take the Dog (Ear) Out! Patients Are Telling Us What To Do Not enough fat removed Not enough skin removed Patient Concerns • “Ideal candidate” by BMI • Pain • Downtime • Scar – Too high – Too visible – Too long • Unnatural result – Dog ears – Mons aesthetics Solutions • “Ideal candidate” by BMI Extend BMI range • Pain ERAS protocols + NDTT • Downtime ERAS protocols + NDTT • Scar Scar planning – Too high Incision markings – Too visible Scar care – Too long Explain the need • Unnatural result Technique modifications – Dog ears Lipo-abdominoplasty – Mons aesthetics Mons lift Frequent Cause for Reoperation • Lateral trunk fullness – Skin (dog ear), fat, or both • Not addressed with anterior flank liposuction alone – need posterior approach • Need a 360o approach with extended skin excision (Extended Abdominoplasty) • Patient
    [Show full text]
  • Guinea Pig Size-O-Meter Will 3 Abdominal Curve
    Guinea pig Size-O- Meter Size-O-Meter Score: Characteristics: Each individual rib can be felt easily, hips and spine are Very Thin prominent and extremely visible and can be felt with the 1 More than 20% below slightest touch. Under abdominal curve can be seen. ideal body weight Spine appears hunched. Your pet is a healthy weight Thin Each rib is easily felt but not prominent. Hips and spine are easily felt with no pressure. Less of an Seek advice about your pet’s weight Between 10-20% below 2 abdominal curve can be seen. ideal body weight Seek advice as your pet could be at risk Ribs are not prominent and cannot be felt individually. Please note Hips and spine are not visible but can be felt. No Getting hands on is the key to this simple system. Ideal Whilst the pictures in Guinea pig Size-O-Meter will 3 abdominal curve. Chest narrower then hind end. help, it may be difficult to judge your pet’s body condition purely by sight alone. Some guinea pigs have long coats that can disguise ribs, hip bones and spine, while a short coat may highlight these Overweight Ribs are harder to distinguish. Hips and spine areas. You will need to gently feel your pet which 4 10 -15% above ideal difficult to feel. Feet not always visible. can be a pleasurable bonding experience for both body weight you and your guinea pig. Ribs, hips and spine cannot be felt or can with mild Obese pressure. No body shape can be distinguished.
    [Show full text]
  • Optimal Cut-Off Values for Anthropometric Measures of Obesity in Screening for Cardiometabolic Disorders in Adults
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Optimal cut‑of values for anthropometric measures of obesity in screening for cardiometabolic disorders in adults Pawel Macek1,2, Malgorzata Biskup1,3, Malgorzata Terek‑Derszniak3, Halina Krol1,5, Jolanta Smok‑Kalwat4, Stanislaw Gozdz1,4 & Marek Zak1* Excessive accumulation of body fat (BF) promotes obesity, whilst posing a signifcant health hazard. There being no agreed, optimal quantifying methods, application of BF variable in clinical practice is not deemed an efective assessment option. The study, involving 4,735 patients (33.6% men), aged 45–64, aimed to identify optimal cut‑of values for anthropometric indicators of obesity to evaluate cardiometabolic risk. A minimum P‑value approach was applied to calculate the cut‑ofs for BF%. Threshold values for body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist‑to‑hip ratio (WHR), and waist‑to‑height (WHTR) ratio, facilitating optimal diferentiation of cardiometabolic risk, were based on BF%, expressed as a binary classifer. The newly estimated cut‑of values for predicting cardiometabolic risk, based on BMI, were lower than the referential obesity thresholds, whereas the threshold values of WC, WHR, and WHTR were higher. Apart from dyslipidemia, the odds of cardiometabolic disorders were higher, when the anthropometric indicators under study exceeded the cut‑of points in both sexes. The proposed cut‑ofs proved instrumental in predicting cardiometabolic risk, whilst highlighting diagnostic and clinical potential of BF%, whereas BMI boasted the highest predictive potential. Cardiometabolic risk also proved signifcantly higher even in the overweight patients. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), obesity entails excessive and life-threatening accumulation of body fat (BF), which poses a signifcant risk factor for cardiometabolic disorders1–5.
    [Show full text]
  • Know Dieting: Risks and Reasons to Stop
    k"#w & ieting, -isks and -easons to 2top Dieting: Any attempts in the name of weight loss, “healthy eating” or body sculpting to deny your body of the essential, well-balanced nutrients and calories it needs to function to its fullest capacity. The Dieting Mindset: When dissatisfaction with your natural body shape or size leads to a decision to actively change your physical body weight or shape. Dieting has become a national pastime, especially for women. ∗ Americans spend more than $40 billion dollars a year on dieting and diet-related products. That’s roughly equivalent to the amount the U.S. Federal Government spends on education each year. ∗ It is estimated that 40-50% of American women are trying to lose weight at any point in time. ∗ One recent study revealed that 91% of women on a college campus had dieted. 22% dieted “often” or “always.” (Kurth et al., 1995). ∗ Researchers estimate that 40-60% of high school girls are on diets (Sardula et al., 1993; Rosen & Gross, 1987). ∗ Another study found that 46% of 9-11 year olds are sometimes or very often on diets (Gustafson-Larson & Terry, 1992). ∗ And, another researcher discovered that 42% of 1st-3rd grade girls surveyed reported wanting to be thinner (Collins, 1991). The Big Deal About Dieting: What You Should Know ∗ Dieting rarely works. 95% of all dieters regain their lost weight and more within 1 to 5 years. ∗ Dieting can be dangerous: ! “Yo-yo” dieting (repetitive cycles of gaining, losing, & regaining weight) has been shown to have negative health effects, including increased risk of heart disease, long-lasting negative impacts on metabolism, etc.
    [Show full text]
  • The Relationship Between Carbohydrate Restrictive Diets and Body Fat Percentage in the Female Athlete
    Georgia State University ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University Nutrition Theses Department of Nutrition Summer 7-22-2011 The Relationship Between Carbohydrate Restrictive Diets And Body Fat Percentage in the Female Athlete Lauren L. Lorenzo Georgia State University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/nutrition_theses Part of the Nutrition Commons Recommended Citation Lorenzo, Lauren L., "The Relationship Between Carbohydrate Restrictive Diets And Body Fat Percentage in the Female Athlete." Thesis, Georgia State University, 2011. https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/nutrition_theses/13 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Nutrition at ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Nutrition Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. APPROVAL THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CARBOHYDRATE RESTRICTIVE DIETS AND BODY FAT PERCENTAGE IN THE FEMALE ATHLETE BY LAUREN LYNCH LORENZO Approved: ________________________________________________ Dan Benardot, PhD, DHC, RD, LD, FACSM, Major Professor ________________________________________________ Anita Nucci, PhD, RD, LD, Committee Member ________________________________________________ Walter R. Thompson, PhD, FACSM, Committee Member ___________________ Date AUTHOR’S STATEMENT In presenting this thesis as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for an advanced degree from Georgia State University, I agree that the Library of the University shall make it available for inspection and circulation in accordance with its regulations governing materials of the type. I agree that permission to quote from, to copy from, or to publish this thesis may be granted by the author, or in his/her absence, by the Associate Dean, College of Health and Human Sciences.
    [Show full text]
  • 3D Optical Imaging As a New Tool for the Objective Evaluation of Body Shape Changes After Bariatric Surgery
    Obesity Surgery https://doi.org/10.1007/s11695-020-04408-4 ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS 3D Optical Imaging as a New Tool for the Objective Evaluation of Body Shape Changes After Bariatric Surgery Andreas Kroh1 & Florian Peters2 & Patrick H. Alizai 1 & Sophia Schmitz1 & Frank Hölzle2 & Ulf P. Neumann1,3 & Florian T. Ulmer1,3 & Ali Modabber2 # The Author(s) 2020 Abstract Introduction Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment option for obesity. It results in massive weight loss and improvement of obesity-related diseases. At the same time, it leads to a drastic change in body shape. These body shape changes are mainly measured by two-dimensional measurement methods, such as hip and waist circumference. These measurement methods suffer from significant measurement errors and poor reproducibility. Here, we present a three- dimensional measurement tool of the torso that can provide an objective and reproducible source for the detection of body shape changes after bariatric surgery. Material and Methods In this study, 25 bariatric patients were scanned with Artec EVA®, an optical three-dimensional mobile scanner up to 1 week before and 6 months after surgery. Data were analyzed, and the volume of the torso, the abdominal circumference and distances between specific anatomical landmarks were calculated. The results of the processed three-dimensional measurements were compared with clinical data concerning weight loss and waist circumference. Results The volume of the torso decreased after bariatric surgery. Loss of volume correlated strongly with weight loss 6 months after the operation (r =0.6425,p = 0.0005). Weight loss and three-dimensional processed data correlated better (r =0.6121,p = 0.0011) than weight loss and waist circumference measured with a measuring tape (r =0.3148,p =0.1254).
    [Show full text]
  • Weight Loss Behavior in Obese Patients Before Seeking Professional Treatment in Taiwan
    Obesity Research & Clinical Practice (2009) 3, 35—43 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Weight loss behavior in obese patients before seeking professional treatment in Taiwan Tsan-Hon Liou a,b, Nicole Huang c, Chih-Hsing Wu d, Yiing-Jenq Chou c, Yiing-Mei Liou e, Pesus Chou c,∗ a Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Medical University-Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan b Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, College of Public Health and Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan c Community Medicine Research Center and Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan d Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan e Institute of Community Health Nursing, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan Received 13 March 2008; received in revised form 22 September 2008; accepted 14 October 2008 KEYWORDS Summary Obesity; Objective: To assess weight loss strategies and behaviors in obese patients prior to Anti-obesity drug; seeking professional obesity treatment in Taiwan. Weight expectation; Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted between 1 July 2004 and 30 June Weight loss behavior 2005. Setting and subjects: Obese subjects (1060; 791 females; age, ≥18 years; median BMI, 29.5 kg/m2) seeking treatment in 18 Taiwan clinics specializing in obesity treat- ment were enrolled and completed a self-administered questionnaire. Results: Of the 1060 subjects, the prevalence of anti-obesity drug use was 50.8%; more females than males used anti-obesity drugs (53.6% vs. 42.4%). Approximately one-third of normal weight or overweight subjects with no concomitant obesity- related risk factors took anti-obesity drugs.
    [Show full text]
  • Recommended Percentage of Fat Per Day
    Recommended Percentage Of Fat Per Day Alphonse outcries glisteringly. Robin is cyclical: she dele Judaically and excite her pacemaker. Lyndon demonised aloofly. Of fat per day to healthy for adding up in your organs which ultimately has worked for Have per day of recommended percentages than the recommendations for high temperatures and cardiovascular and similar associations of foods and shifts the bad carbs are just started? What the Saturated Fat tissue Much Should but Have Nutrition. Reviewed by type Department on Nutrition Therapy at The Cleveland Clinic. This is looking great article. While fats lower fat? The fda and heart health survey: all need all of recommended fat percentage of medicine position stand the body fat in select a dogs can be consuming a few people consume? Add fat recommendation by day of fats are turning off your body functions such as soon as they need the recommendations. On fat percentages. In party it's recommended that 1035 of gum daily calories come from protein. These percentages of recreation will carefully weight offset and. Having high levels of VLDL cholesterol can lead to correct health conditions. Does more of fats in percentages, per day of vitamin and recommendations based on gender, helping to chew more and fitness pal app or worsen anxiety. The guidelines were primarily established for nutritional professionals to help some develop realistic, individualized eating plans for their clients. The percent daily expenditure on rabbit nutrition facts label over a lane to the nutrients in one. How many carbs enough calcium and others may find that the brain development including conflicting information has been widely from person uses akismet to.
    [Show full text]
  • Determination of Body Composition
    Determination of Body Composition Introduction A variety of methods have been developed for assessing body composition, including isotopic determination of total body water, whole body 40K counting, radiography, electrical conductance and impedance, etc. Two of the most common methods of assessing body composition, however, are hydrostatic weighing and determination of skinfold thicknesses. Although we won’t be doing hydrostatic weighing as part of the lab activities, the method is important for you to understand. The hydrostatic or underwater weighing method is based upon the assumption that the body is composed of two components or compartments. The components are fat-free or lean mass (FFM), which is assumed to have a density of 1.10 kg/L, and a fat component, which is assumed to have a density of 0.90 kg/L. The density of the whole body, therefore, will depend upon the relative size of these two components. If the body density is known, it is possible to convert this to a % body fat using the following equation, which was derived by Siri: % fat= (495/body density)-450 Although the concept involved in determining body composition from body density is relatively simple, actually measuring body density can be difficult. By definition, density is the mass of an object divided by its volume (D=M/V). Although it is easy to determine the mass of an object using scales, it is very difficult to determine the volume of an object that has an irregular shape such as the human body. It is possible to measure the volume of the human body by submerging a person in water, and measuring their weight.
    [Show full text]